Budget2

新视野大学英语视听说第二版第二册quiz答案unit1~10吐血整理,视听说quiz答案,独家资料,正确率高达百分之九十五以上,欢迎下载unit 11)budget 2) ritual interaction 3) ticking 4) Assessing 5) increasingly2)6) A 7) B 8) B 9) D 10) C3) 11) Instead of 12) intentions 13) putting off 14) guilty 15) wishing4)16) blame 17) have 18) organizing 19)efficiently 20) subject tounit 21)taking part 2) improvement 3) sacrifice 4) standards 5) compete2) 6) D 7) C 8) D 9) A 10) A3) 11) different sizes 12) giants 13) the rest of us 14) orunder15) skill4)16) control 17) extreme 18) injury 19) payment 20) worth itunit 31)character 2) compromises 3) mutual 4) expectation 5) work out2)6) B 7) A 8) B 9) D 10) C吐血整理,视听说quiz答案,独家资料,正确率高达百分之九十五以上,欢迎下载3)11) perfectly 12) sewing 13) distant objects 14)farsighted 15) at arm's length4)16) cloudy 17) judging distances 18)slightly 19) background20) different eye viewsunit 41)insurance 2) descended 3) nourishing 4) exile 5) territory 6)B 7) B 8) A 9) B 10) A 11) abroad 12) fast food 13) amounts14) inevitably 15) quality 16) served 17) medium 18) environment19) reasonable 20) expensiveunit 51)wept 2) packaged 3) filtered 4) harden 5) manufacturer2) 6) D 7) D 8) B 9) C 10) B3)11) Experts 12) shelters 13) new major study 14) theworld's birth rate4)15) Researchers 16) birth control devices 17) family planning programs5) 18) reducing 19) population growth 20) fewerbirths than deathsunit 6吐血整理,视听说quiz答案,独家资料,正确率高达百分之九十五以上,欢迎下载1)label 2) superficial 3) specific 4) characteristics 5) convey2) 6) D 7) D 8) B 9) C 10) A3)11) belong 12) the way 13) overdressed 14) elegant 4)15) fashion 16) appropriate 17) skirt orpants5)18) you will be under stressthroughout your interview6)19) To move oract restlessly or nervously with a tight collar7)20) they are truly comfortable and wear them before the big eventunit 71)stirred 2) discharged from 3) delegated 4) destructive 5) indispensable2)6) B 7) A 8) B 9) D 10) D3)11) preserve 12) survive 13) in movies4) 14) eager 15) little hope 16) adjust to 17) In addition 5)18)themselves aslosers in movies and history books6) 19)in order to get rid of their problems7)20) the population of Indians has been going down quickly unit 8吐血整理,视听说quiz答案,独家资料,正确率高达百分之九十五以上,欢迎下载1)poll 2) salary 3) occupation 4) preferable 5)contribution2) 6) B 7) A 8) A 9) C 10) A3) 11) apply 12) commitment 13) opportunity 14) restaurant4) 15) experience 16) customer 17) attending5)18) could talk toguests confidently during the voyage6)19)I am an organized person and I don't get upset easily 7)20) addition to your company if I wereacceptedunit 91)equivalent 2) tortured 3) insane 4) scattered 5) deceived2) 6) C 7) C 8) D 9) D 10) D3)11) fence 12) chest 13) breathe 14) challenges4) 15) sharing 16) wonderful 17) poured in5)18) about 35,000 pieces of mail had beenreceived and sorted 6)19) gave us comfortand became a source of strength for us7) 20) go to piles of letters marked with “Funny" if we needed alaughunit 101)boundaries 2) cheated 3) appointed 4) dwarfed 5) ensure吐血整理,视听说quiz答案,独家资料,正确率高达百分之九十五以上,欢迎下载2) 6) B 7) C 8) C 9) D 10) C3)11) 800,000 12) destroyed 13) chosen 14) guns4) 15) bridges 16) effectively 17) coal5) 18) men and planes during the bombing ofGermany6)19) air crews might have a onein twenty chance of returning alive7)20)bombing trips became victims after the war ended。

必修一unit2单词以下是高中英语必修一Unit2的单词：1. cultural 文化的2. exchange 交换；交流3. relation 关系4. background 背景5. traditional 传统的6. particular 特定的；特别的7. architectural 建筑学的8. significance 重要性9. survive 幸存；活下来10. buried 埋葬11. pyramid 金字塔12. sphinx 狮身人面像13. stark 荒凉的；光秃秃的14. relief 浮雕15. locate 位于；定位16. valley 山谷17. rock 岩石18. carve 雕刻19. desert 沙漠20. symbol 符号；象征21. dune 沙丘22. vast 广阔的；巨大的23. conservation 保护24. movement 运动；活动25. Egyptologist 埃及古物学者26. anxious 焦虑的；不安的27. indefinitely 不确定地28. false 假的29. title 标题；头衔30. permit 许可；执照31. guidebook 旅行指南；手册32. expense 开销；花费（pl）33. budget 预算34. consist of 由……组成（被动）35. be made up of 由……组成（主动）36. combine with 与……结合37. go on a trip 去旅行38. book a trip 预订旅行39. check the cost 检查费用40. keep within a budget 控制预算。

Unit1abudget v. plan carefully how much of sth. will be needed （为...）作出安排vi. plan the spending of money carefully 制定预算n. [C] the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on sth. 预算charge v. a sk sb. for an amount of money for a service 向...收费，要价acute a. 1. quick to notice sth. 敏感的；敏锐的2. very serious or severe 严重的hourglass n. [C] （计时用的）沙漏restless a. unable to keep still because one is nervous, bored, or impatient 烦躁的；不安静的restlessly ad. in a restless manner; impatiently 烦躁地；不安静地elbow vt. push sb. with the elbows 用肘推（或撞）人n. [C] the joint where the arm bends 肘abrupt a. 1. (of behavior) rough; offensive 粗鲁的，无礼的2. sudden and unexpected 突然的，意外的opening a. beginning; starting 开始的n. 1. [C] an occasion when a new building, road, etc. is used for the first time,esp. one that involves a ceremony 开业典礼；落成典礼2. [C] a position that is available in a business or firm 空缺职位ritual a. done regularly and in the same way 例行的；惯常的n. [C, U] sth. done regularly and in the same way 惯例interaction n. 1. [C, U] munication 交流2. [C, U] a process by which two or more things affect each other 相互作用；相互影响convention n. 1. [C, U] general, usu. unspoken agreement about how people should act or behave in certain situations 习俗；惯例2. [C] a meeting of members of a profession, political party, etc. 会议；大会leisure n. 1. [U] time free from work or other duties; spare time 空闲，闲暇2. [U] ease 悠闲，安逸leisurely a. without hurrying 从容的；不匆忙的assess vt. judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of sb. or sth.评价，评估surroundings n. (pl.) all the objects, conditions, etc. that are around and may affect sb.or sth.; environment 周围的事物；环境probe v. try to find out the truth about sth. 调查；探究n. [C] |探针（医生检查伤口用的钝头细长工具）social a. 1. relating to society and people's lives in general 社会的2. relating to meeting people and spending time with them 社交的socially ad. 与社会(或社交) 相关地tick vi. (of a clock or watch) make a short repeated sound （钟、表等）滴答响n. [sing.] the short repeated sound that a clock or watch makes (钟、表的）滴答声consequently ad. as a result因此，所以device n. 1. [C] a machine or tool for a special purpose 器械，装置2. [C] a way of doing sth. 方法，手段fax n.[C] 传真；传真机email n. [C, U] (also )电子given prep. taking sth. into account; considering 如果考虑到gathering n. [C] a meeting 集会，聚会impersonality n. [U] the quality of not showing or including personal feelings 不牵涉个人感情；无人情味electronic a. 1. using devices such as radios, televisions, puters, etc. 使用电子设备的2. produced or operated by a flow of electrons 电子的significance n.[sing., U] the importance of an event, action, etc. 重要性；重要意义conduct vt. 1. carry out |进行；实施2. act as the path for electricity, heat, etc. 传导（电或热）n. [U] the way sb. behaves 行为，举止increasingly ad. more and more 日益；愈加conference n.[C] a formal meeting (正式）会议teleconference n. [C] （通过、电视等手段召开的）远程会议obtain vt. get sth. that one wants 获得，得到superb a.extremely good 极好的whereas conj. i n contrast; while 然而；但是postal a. relating to post; sent by post 邮政的；邮寄的efficient a. working well and without wasting time, money, or energy 效率高的impolite a. not polite 无礼的，失礼的elapse vi.(of time) pass （时间）过去，逝去skillful a. (BrE skilful) having or showing ability to do sth. well 熟练的；有技巧的skillfulness n. [U] ( BrE skilfulness) 熟练；技巧petent a. having the necessary ability, skill, knowledge, etc. 有能力的；能干的；胜任的fulfill (BrE fulfil) |vt. 1. do what one must do 履行；执行2. achieve sth. one wanted to do 实现；完成capital n. [sing., U] money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business资本；资金Phrases and Expressionsfall behind move more slowly than other people so that one is behind them 落在...后面result in make sth. happen; cause 导致；造成...的结果run out1. (of food, money, etc.) there is none left 用完；耗尽2. use all of sth. and not have any left 用完；耗尽in a rush in a hurry 匆忙地go with exist or take place at the same time with sth. else 同时发生；伴随work at put effort into sth. or doing sth. 致力于；从事in person doing sth. by oneself 亲身；亲自due to because of sth. 由于pour into give a lot of effort, money, etc. to sth. 大量投入（精力或金钱等）Unit1bspite n. (in ~ of) despite; regardless of 虽然；尽管clash vi. 1. disagree about sth. 不一致；冲突2. e to a fight 冲突n. 1. [C] an argument 不一致；争论2. [C] a short fight 冲突tradition n. [C, U] beliefs or customs passed down from one generation to the next 传统honeymoon n. [C] a holiday taken by a couple who have just got married; (fig.) a period of good feeling or good relations 蜜月期；（喻）短暂的和谐期marvelous a. (BrE marvellous) extremely good; wonderful 非常好的；绝妙的amusement n. 1. [U] the feeling of being amused 愉快，快乐2. [C] sth. that makes time pass pleasantly 娱乐（消遣）活动hostility n. [U] unfriendly behavior or feeling towards sb. 敌意；敌对moreover ad. what's more; in addition 此外；而且anymore ad. (used in negatives) (not) any longer 再也（不）distress vt. make sb. feel very upset 使痛苦；使苦恼n. [U] a feeling of extreme unhappiness|痛苦，苦恼devise vt. create or invent a new way of doing sth. 设计；发明mechanism n. [C] a way of behaving that helps sb. deal with a problem 行为方式；机制cope vi. be able to deal with sth. difficult 应付；处理repression n. 1. [U] control of strong feelings （对情感或欲望的）压抑；抑制2. [U] cruel and severe control of a large group of people 镇压acceptable a. good enough; satisfactory 可接受的；合意的regression n. [U] a return to an earlier stage of development 回归；倒退irresponsible a. not responsible 不负责任的isolate vt. keep sb. or sth. apart from other people or things|使孤立；使隔离isolation n. [U] the state of being isolated 隔离；孤立reject vt. 1. refuse to accept sth. 拒绝；不接受2. throw sth. away 抛弃，丢弃rejection n. [C, U] the act of not accepting 拒绝；不接受utilize vt. (BrE utilise) use; make use of 使用deal vi. (dealt, dealt) (with) take action, esp. to solve a problem 对付；应付；处理hostile a. 1. angry and very unfriendly toward sb. 怀有敌意的，敌对的2. of an enemy 敌方的，好战的recognition n. [sing., U] the act of realizing and accepting that sth. is true 承认；认可temporary a. l asting only for a short time 暂时的recovery n. 1. [sing., U] return to a normal state 恢复；痊愈2. [U] the act of getting sth. back that is lost 重获；复得favorable a. (BrE favourable)1. giving sb. or sth. an advantage 有利的2. giving or showing agreement 赞成的symptom n. 1. [C] a sign of a bad condition or problem 迹象；征兆2. [C] a sign that shows an illness 症状distinctionn. 1. [sing.] a special or unique quality 特点；特征2. [C] a difference between two things 区别；差别3. [U] the quality of being excellent 卓越；杰出appreciate vt. 1. understand and enjoy 欣赏；赏识2. be grateful for sth. 对...表示感谢acquisition n. [U] the act of gaining sth. 获得，得到alleviate vt. make sth. less serious 减轻，缓和interact vi. 1.(with) municate with sb. 交流2. have an effect on each other 互相作用；互相影响considerable a. fairly large or great 相当大的；相当多的furthermore ad. in addition to what has been said; moreover 此外；而且Phrases and Expressionsadjust to get used to a new situation 适应familiar to well known to 为...所熟悉culture shock confusion caused by contact with a culture other than one's own 文化冲击；文化震撼tired of (doing) sth.no longer wanting sth. or wanting to do sth. 厌烦（做）某事separate from keep people or things apart from each other 把...分开；分离prevent from stop sb. or sth. from doing sth. 阻止；防止recover from return to a normal state from an illness, accident, shock, etc. 从（疾病、事故、震惊等）中恢复go through experience a particular process 经历Unit2apat vt. touch sb. or sth. lightly and repeatedly with a flat hand 轻拍n. [C] a friendly act of touching sb. or sth. with a flat hand 轻拍presence n. [U] the fact or state of being present 在场；出席promising a. showing signs of being successful in the future 有前途的；有希望的amateur a. doing sth. just for pleasure; not professional 业余的n. [C] sb. who does sth. just for pleasure 业余爱好者skier n. [C] a person who skis 滑雪者session n.1. [C] a period of time used for a particular purpose （从事某项活动的）一段时间2. [C] a formal meeting 会议amusing a. |able to make people laugh or smile; interesting 有趣的lower vt. 1. reduce sth. in amount, price, degree, strength, etc. 减少；降低2. move sb. or sth. down from a higher position 降下anniversary n. [C] a date on which sth. special or important happened in a previous year 周年纪念日woolen a. |(BrE woollen) made of wool 羊毛的romantic a. relating to feelings of love or a loving relationship 浪漫的gratitude n. [U] the feeling of being grateful 感激；谢意perceptivity n. [U] the ability of being quick to notice and understand 知觉；理解力ski vi. slide over snow on skis, as a sport or a way of traveling 滑雪massive a. large in size, quantity, degree, etc. 大的；严重的fatigue vt. make sb. tired 使疲劳n. [U] great tiredness 疲乏，疲劳clearing n. [C] a small area where there are no trees, esp. in a forest （林中）空地approximately ad. about; nearly 大约，大概breeze n. [C] a light wind 微风，和风powder n. [C, U] a kind of substance in the form of very fine dry grains 粉末；粉状物fuss v. (about, over) plain over small matters （因小事）抱怨；小题大做n. [sing., U] a lot of unnecessary worry or excitement about sth. 小题大做；大惊小怪indifferent a.(to) not interested in; not caring 漠不关心的；冷漠的rebel vi. (against) fight against sb. in authority or against an idea or situation 造反；反叛；反抗n. [C] a person who rebels 造反者，反叛者，反抗者rebellious a. opposing people in authority or rules of behavior 反叛的；反抗的bachelor n. 1. [C] an unmarried man 未婚男子2. [C] a first university degree 学士（学位）low-budget a. not spending much money 预算低的；花费不多的shift v. change position or direction; move from one place to another 转移；移动；变换makeshift a. used at the time because there is nothing better 权宜的；暂时的stack vt. |put things so that they stand one on top of another 堆放sticky a. made of or containing material which can stick to sth. else 黏的；黏性的mate n. [C] a fellow workman or friend 伙伴，同伴teammate n. [C] a fellow person in a team 队友assert vt. state or declare sth. firmly 断言；声称napkin n. [C] |餐巾（纸）swear (swore, sworn)vi. (at) curse |咒骂vt. make a promise to do sth. 发誓damn a. 该死的；讨厌的unfair a. |not right or just 不公平的；不公正的outburst n. [C] a sudden expression of a strong emotion, esp. anger 爆发passion n. [C, U] a strong feeling about sth. or a strong liking for sth. 激情；热情persist v. continue to do sth. in spite of opposition or warning 坚持vi. continue to exist or happen 继续存在或发生frown vi.make an angry, unhappy, or confused expression, moving the eyebrows together 皱眉billion num. (AmE) 十亿rank vi. |have a particular position in a list of people or things 位于...等级（或地位）vt. decide the position of sb. or sth. based on importance or quality 排列n. [C, U] the position or level that sb. holds in an organization；one's social position 职位；社会地位ranking n. [C] a position on a scale that shows how good sb. or sth. is when pared withothers 排名；级别indissoluble a. i mpossible to destroy 坚不可摧的bond n.[C] sth. that unites two or more people, such as love, a shared interest, etc. 联系；纽带tropical a. relating to the tropics 热带的Phrases and Expressionsnext to beside or very near to sb. or sth. 靠近；接近in sb.'s presence/in the presence of sb.in the same place as sb. 有某人在场by no means(used to emphasize a negative statement) not at all 决不，决非count on depend on 依靠；依赖；指望on one occasion once 有一次e upon meet sb. or find sth. by chance 偶然遇见；偶然发现pack into put in a very small place 塞进；使挤入take notice of notice 注意到sing out shout or sing some words clearly and loudly (大声清晰地) 喊出(或唱出)point out tell sb. sth. 指出reflect on think deeply about; consider carefully 仔细考虑in advance doing something before a particular date or event 事先，预先Unit2bpetition n. [U] the activities of peting 竞争sake n. (for the ~ of) |1. [U] for the purpose of 为了...目的2. [U] for the good or benefit of 为了...好处athlete n. [C] sb. who petes in sports petitions 运动员sacrifice vt. give up sth., esp. for a good purpose or belief 牺牲；奉献injury n. [C,U] a wound or damage to part of one's body 伤害；损害exploit vt. use sth. fully so as to get benefit from it 利用；剥削glory n. [U] great honor 光荣；荣誉virtue n. [C] a good quality in character or behavior 美德determination n. [U] the strong will to do sth. 决心；毅力dash n. 1. [sing., C] a short race for runners 短距离赛跑2. [sing., C] a sudden, quick run 奔；冲vi. run quickly and suddenly 奔；冲petitive a. 1. liking to pete 喜欢竞争的；好胜的2. relating to petition 竞争的；有竞争力的defy v t.1. do sth. that is considered impossible; challenge 向...挑战2. refuse to obey sb. or sth. 违抗；不服从stopwatch n. [C] a watch used for measuring the exact time it takes to do sth., especially.in a race 秒表pursue vt. 1. continue doing an activity or trying to achieve sth. over a long period of time从事；追求2. chase sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追赶；追逐strip n.[C] a narrow piece 条；带vt. remove the covering of sth. 剥去；除去singular a. 1. very great or very noticeable 卓越的；非凡的2. of or being a word representing one 单数的phenomenon n. 1. [C] sb. or sth. that is very unusual 奇才；奇迹2. [C] an event or situation that can be seen to happen or exist 现象phenomenal a. very unusual; very great or impressive 异常的；惊人的horizon n. 1. (~s) the limit of one's ideas, knowledge, and experience X围；眼界；视野2. (the ~) the line far away where the sky seems to meet the earth 地平线sprinter n. [C] an athlete for a short race短跑运动员observer n. 1. [C] sb. who sees or looks at sth. 观看者2. [C] sb. who attends meetings, events, etc. to observe what is happening 观察员crack n. [C] a sudden loud sound 爆裂声；劈啪声v. 1. (cause to) make a sudden loud sound （使）发出爆裂声2. (cause to) break (使）破裂trail v i. move slowly, esp. behind other people 拖沓地走；无精打采地慢走vt. follow sb. secretly 跟踪；尾随explosive a. 1. sudden and rapid 迅猛的2. likely to explode 易爆炸的；易发作的n. [C, U] a substance that can cause an explosion 爆炸物overe vt. |(overcame, overe) fight and win against sb. or sth. 战胜；击败mittee n.[C] a group of people chosen to do a particular job or for special duties 委员会indicate vt. show that sth. is true or exists 表明;显示steroid n. [C] |类固醇conquest n. [U] the act of taking control of sb. or sth. 攻占;占领；征服condemn vt. express strong disapproval of sb. or sth. 谴责condemnation n. [C, U] the act of condemning 谴责opponent n. [C] sb. who takes the opposite side, esp. in playing or fighting 对手；敌手deny vt.1. say that sth. is not true, or that one does not believe sth. 否认2. not allow sb. to have or do sth. 拒绝（给予）counter v. reply to a criticism that one disagrees with 反驳rumor n. (BrE rumour) [C, U] information that is passed from one person to another and which may or may not be true 谣言，传闻formula n. 1. [C] a method or set of principles for dealing with a problem or achieving a result 方法；方案2. [C] a series of numbers or letters that represent a rule in science or mathematics公式；方程式suspicion n. 1. [C, U] a feeling of not trusting sb. or sth. 猜疑；不信任2. [C, U] a feeling that sb. has done sth. wrong 怀疑；疑心erosion n. [U] the process by which sth. is gradually reduced or destroyed 侵蚀；腐蚀participation n. [U] the act of taking part in an activity or event 参与，参加sprint vi. run at one's fastest speed, esp. at a short distance 冲刺relay n.[C] 接力赛reception n. 1. [sing.] a wele for sb. or sth. 接待；欢迎2. [C] a large formal party to wele sb. or to celebrate sth. 招待会；欢迎会amazing a. causing great surprise 令人惊异的Phrases and Expressionsact as have the role or function of 作为above all m ost importantly 最重要的是not hear of it refuse to accept a suggestion or offer 不听；拒绝听取set one's mind on be determined to do sth. or obtain sth. 决心做某事(或得到某物)set the stage for make preparations for an event to take place 为...做好准备focus on 1. arrange the lens in an instrument so as to obtain a clear picture of sth. 聚焦于2. concentrate on sth. and pay particular attention to it 集中（精力）于be used to (doing) sth.be familiar with sth. because of having done or experienced itmany times 习惯于hold one's breath stop breathing for a moment because of anxiety or excitement 屏住呼吸strip sb. of sth. take property, rights, titles, etc. away from sb. 剥夺charge sb. with sth. say openly that sb. has done sth. wrong 指控；控诉Unit3acharacter n. 1. [C] qualities that make sb. a particular type of person 性格，个性2. [C] qualities that make sth. what it is and different from others 特点，特征promise n. [C, U] an agreement that is achieved after everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first 妥协；折中v. reach an agreement by making a promise 妥协；折中involved a. taking part in an activity or event; connected with sth. 参与的；有关的subtle a. not easy to notice or understand 微妙的，细微的hatred n. [U] a strong feeling of dislike for sb. or sth. 痛恨，憎恨illusion n. [C] a false idea, belief or impression 幻觉；错觉married a. having a husband or wife 已婚的mutual a. 1. felt or done in the same way by two or more people toward each other 相互的2. shared by two or more people 共同的；共有的patible a. 1. (of people) able to have a good relationship because of similar opinions or interests 合得来的；情投意合2. (of equipment) able to be used together |兼容的；配套的inpatible a. not patible 合不来的；不兼容的overlook v t. 1. not notice sth. 没注意到；忽略2. have a view of a place from above 俯视；眺望expectation n. [C, U] the belief that sth. will happen 期待；预料painful a. causing pain 痛苦的divorce n. [C, U] the legal ending of a marriage 离婚v. end a marriage lawfully 离婚bud vi. produce buds 发芽，萌芽n. [C] a part of a plant that will open to form a leaf or flower 芽；花蕾budding a. just beginning 刚开始的resistance n. 1. [sing., U] refusal to accept sth. 抵制；反对2. [sing., U] the use of force to act against sb. or sth. 抵抗；对抗supportive a.helpful or encouraging 支持的；支援的grand a. 1. (used in pounds) 表示“（亲戚关系）隔一代的”2. splendid in appearance or style; impressive 壮丽的；宏伟的grandchild n. [C] a child of one's son or daughter（外）孙；（外）孙女congratulation n. (~s) an expression used when one wants to congratulate sb. 祝贺；道喜counsel vt. give sb. advice 劝告；忠告date v t. have a romantic relationship with sb. 与...约会subsequent a. happening after sth. else 后来的；随后的subsequently ad. after an event in the past 后来；接着harbor(BrE harbour) |vt. keep sth. in one's mind for a long time 心怀；怀有n. [C] a place of shelter for ships 港，港口reservation n. 1. [C, U] a feeling of doubt about whether sth. is good or right 存疑；保留2. [C] an order of a room, seat, etc. in advance 预订prejudice n. [C] an opinion or dislike of sb. or sth. that is not based on reason 偏见；成见charm vt. a ttract sb. 迷人；使陶醉n. [U] the quality of pleasing or attracting people 魅力；吸引力charming a. very pleasing or attractive 迷人的；有魅力的son-in-law n. [C] husband of one's daughter 女婿caring a. kind and helpful toward other people 体贴的indication n. [C, U] a sign that shows sth. 迹象confirm vt. prove that sth. is true 证实；证明；确定v. make a plan, meeting, etc. certain, esp. by telephone or writing 确认citizenship n. [U] the state of being a citizen; the rights of a citizen 公民身份；公利suspect vt. think that sth. is probably true 怀疑n. [C] sb. who is thought to be guilty of a crime 嫌疑犯harsh a. 1. cruel 严厉的；苛刻的2. unpleasantly loud and rough 刺耳的hesitate vi.be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling 犹豫；踌躇；迟疑cancel vt. say that sth. already planned will not happen 取消proceed vi. go to a further or the next stage; go on 继续进行quote v. repeat the words that sb. else has said or written 引用；引述n. [C] words taken from a book, play, speech, etc. 引语，引文hardship n. [C, U] the condition that life is very difficult 艰难；困苦racist n. [C] sb. who believes that some races are not as good as others and, therefore,treats them unfairly 种族主义者realistic a. based on facts; practical 实际的；现实的devotion n. [U] great love or loyalty 挚爱；热爱；忠诚idealistic a. believing in sth. firmly which is unlikely to e true 理想主义的；理想化的resolve vt. 1. solve a problem or difficulty 解决；解除2. make a definite decision to do sth. 决定；决心Phrases and Expressionsups and downs the mixture of good and bad experiences 盛衰；沉浮work out be successful or end in a certain way 成功；产生结果for a time for a short period; temporarily 暂时；一度meet with experience sth. by chance 遭遇；遇到all along all the time 始终have nothing to do with have no connection with 与...无关on the surface when not observed, thought about, etc. deeply 表面上；外表上at one's worst in one's worst state 最差的时候；最糟糕的时候learn of e to know 获悉；听说take care of be responsible for; deal with 负责；处理proceed to do sth.do sth. next; go on to do sth. 接着做某事Unit3bmother-in-law n. [C] the mother of one's husband or wife 岳母；婆婆brilliant a. 1. very good; very clever or skilled 出色的；聪颖的2. full of light; shining, or bright in color 明亮的；光亮的arrange v. plan the details of a future event 准备；安排vt. put a group of people or things in a particular position or order 排列；布置eve n. [C] the day or evening before a certain event 前夕；前一天cube vt. cut food into cube-shaped pieces 切成方块n. [C] a solid object with six square sides 立方体garlic n. [U] 蒜，大蒜slice v t. cut into thin flat pieces 切成薄片n. [C] a flat thin piece of food that has been cut from a large piece 片ingredient n.1. [C] one of the foods that is used to make a particular dish （食品的）成分，配料2. [C] a quality one needs to achieve sth. 因素；要素chop vt. cut sth. into small pieces 切；剁碎purple a. 紫色的n. [U] |紫色concerning prep. about or relating to sb. or sth. 关于toe n. [C] |脚趾anticipate vt. think that sth. will happen and be ready for it 预料；预计criticism n. [C, U] the words not in favor of sb. or sth. 批评；指责curl n. [C] 卷发；卷曲物curly a. |having lots of curls 卷曲的splash n. [C] 有色斑点freckle n. [C] 雀斑；斑点pact a. 1. small, but solid and strong 结实的2. packed together closely and neatly 紧凑的pactly ad. in a pact manner 结实地；密实地forgettable a. that can be forgotten easily 容易被忘记的bubble vi. form thin balls of air or gas in liquid 冒泡n. [C] a ball of air 气泡；泡沫bump n. 1. [C] an area of skin that is raised because one has hit it on sth. 肿块；突起2. [C] a blow or hit 碰撞；猛撞v. hit with force, esp. accidentally 碰撞pel vt. make sb. do sth.; force 强迫，迫使behalf n. [U] (on sb.'s ~ or <em>on</em> ~ of sb.) instead of sb., or as their representative 代表某人；代替某人heatedly ad. with strong, excited, and often angry feelings 热烈地；激烈地innocent a. 1. done or said without intending to harm or offend anyone 无恶意的2. not guilty of a crime 无罪的；无辜的innocently ad. in an innocent manner 无恶意地dialect n. [C, U] a special form of language which is peculiar to a certain region orsocial group 方言，土语pox n. [U] 痘，痘疮criticize vt. (BrE criticise) |1. point out the mistakes of sb. or sth. 批评；批判2. form and express a judgment on a work of art, literature, etc. 评论clue n. [C] information that helps sb. understand the reasons why sth. happens 线索；提示salty a. tasting of or containing salt 咸的；盐的cue n. [C] a signal for sb. to do sth. 暗示；信号proclaim vt. say publicly that sth. is true or exists 宣布；声称diplomatic a. 1. skillful in dealing with people 有交际手段的；圆滑的2. relating to the work of diplomats 外交的soy n. [U] 大豆sauce n. [U] 调味汁，佐料soy sauce酱油china n. [U] |瓷器somehow ad. 1. in some way; by some means|以某种方法；不知怎么的2. for a reason that is unknown 由于某种未知的原因miserable a. very unhappy or unfortable 痛苦的；悲惨的miserably ad. in a miserable way 痛苦地；悲惨地modest a. 1. (of a person) not liking to talk about their abilities, achievements, success, etc. 谦虚的，虚心的2. not large in amount, size, etc. 适中的，适度的modestly ad. in a modest way 谦虚地，虚心地；适中地，适度地A-OK ad. (colloq.) very good 极好；棒极了Phrases and Expressionse up with find an answer, a solution, etc. 想出，提出（答案、解决方法等）win over gain sb.'s support or favor 说服；把...争取过来from head to toe over the whole of one's body 从头到脚；浑身上下on the short/fat/thin, etc. side slightly short/ fat/thin, etc. 有点矮（胖、瘦等）think of have a particular opinion about sb. or sth. 有...看法put (sb.) to bed make (sb.) go to bed 安置（某人）睡觉hit it off enjoy good relations; like each other 相处得很好；一见如故Unit4adigital a. giving information in the form of numbers 数字的；数字显示的eyesight n. [U] the ability to see 视力volunteer v. offer to do sth. without being paid 自愿（做某事）n. [C] sb. who offers to do sth. without being paid 志愿者identical a. exactly the same 完全一样的，完全相同的departure n. [C, U] an act of leaving a place 离开，出发destination n. [C] a place to which sb. is going or sth. is being sent 目的地；终点overseas ad. in or to a country across the sea; abroad 在海外；在国外a. ing from or happening abroad 海外的；外国的cargo n. [C, U] goods carried by a ship, plane, or vehicle （船，飞机或车辆运送的）货物territory n. [C, U] an area of land controlled by a particular country, city, army, etc. 领土；领地deck n. [C] a floor built across a ship over all or part of its length 甲板decrease n. [C, U] the process of being less 减少v. bee less or reduce sth. （使）减少；（使）降低nourish vt. |give a person or other living things the food they need to live, grow, and stay healthy 滋养；给...营养decline v. refuse a request or offer, usu. politely 拒绝；谢绝vi. decrease in amount, quality, or importance 减少，降低，下降n. [sing., U] a reduction in the amount or quality of sth. 减少，下降objection n. [C, U] a statement that shows one disagrees with sth. 反对；异议forbid(forbade, forbidden) vt. not allow 禁止connection n. [C] the state of being connected 联系；关系spectacular a. very impressive 壮观的；引人入胜的fancy a. having a lot of decoration or bright colors 多装饰的；花哨的；别致的n. [sing.] a feeling of liking sb. or sth. 喜爱；迷恋fossil n. [C] 化石patch n. [C] a small area of sth. that is different from the area around it 小块vanish vi. disappear or go suddenly out of sight 消失fog n. [C, U] cloudy air near the ground which is hard to see through 雾press vt. force sth. into less space 压缩；压紧cement n. [U] 水泥longing n. [sing., U] a strong feeling of wanting sth. 渴望warmth n. [U] a feeling of being warm 温暖resist vt. prevent oneself from doing sth. 忍住；抗拒highway n. [C] a broad main road that joins one town to another 公路Phrases and Expressionswithout fail with plete certainty 必定；总是as long as if; on condition that 假如，如果，只要be free to do sth.be able to do whatever one wants 随意做某事right away at once; without delay 立即，马上more than (+adjective)(colloq.) very; extremely 十分，非常be thankful for be grateful for 对...心存感激Unit4bwhip n. [C] a long piece of rope or leather fastened to a handle, used for driving animals or punishing people 鞭子chamber n. [C] a room used for a special purpose 特殊用途的房间security n. [U] the state of being protected against dangers 安全；平安rifle n. [C] 来复枪；步枪mechanical a. 1. (of an action, reply, etc.) done without thinking |机械的；不动脑筋的2. involving a machine 机械的；机械方面的mechanically ad. done in a mechanical manner 机械地；不动脑筋地landscape n. 1. [C] an area of land that is beautiful to look at 风景；景色2. [C] a painting of an area of land 风景画kneel vi. put one or both knees on the ground 跪下timber n. [U] wood used for building or other purposes 木材；木料item n. [C] a single article of sth. 条；项；项目gravity n. [U] the force that causes sth. to fall to the ground 引力；重力fairy n. [C] an imaginary creature with magic powers, which looks like a small person小仙子；小精灵toll n. 1. [sing.] the number of people killed or injured in a particular accident, by a particular illness, etc. 伤亡人数2. [C] money one pays for using a road, bridge, etc. 通行费stain v. make a mark on sth. in a way that is hard to remove 染污；沾污n. [C] a mark that is hard to remove 污迹；污斑crystal n. [C, U] rock that is transparent like ice 水晶product n. [C] sth. that is made in a factory, grown, or taken from nature 产品；制品magnetic a. 1. connected with or produced by magnet 磁的；磁性的2. having a powerful attraction 有魅力的；吸引人的trace n. 1. [C] a very small amount of sth. 微量；少量2. [C] a sign showing that sb. or sth. was present or existed 踪迹，痕迹precision n. [U] the quality of being precise 精确，准确descend v. move down from a higher level 下降，下落accustomed a. taking sth. as normal or natural because you have experienced it many times 习惯了的diet n. [C, U] the food and drink one usu. takes 日常饮食scenery n.[U] the natural features of an area, such as mountains, rivers, forests, etc. 景色，风景prosperity n. [U] the state of being successful or rich|繁荣；富裕aluminum n. [U] (BrE aluminum) 铝installation n. [U] the act of installing a piece of equipment somewhere 安装recycle v. treat waste materials so that they can be used again 回收利用recycling n.[U] the process of treating waste materials so that they can be used again 回收利用insurance n. [U] an arrangement with a pany in which you pay them money each yearand they pay you if sth. bad happened to you 保险reluctant a. unwilling and therefore slow to do sth. 不情愿的；勉强的。

自考英语〔二〕词汇表organizational [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃənəl, -ni'z-] a.组织〔上〕的goal[ɡəul] n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门objective[əb'dʒektiv, ɔb-]n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2如实的，无偏见的accomplish [ə'kʌmpliʃ, ə'kɔm-]vt.完成〔任务等〕predict[pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示accompany[ə'kʌmpəni]vt.1.伴随，陪同； 2.为……伴奏implement['implimənt, 'impliment]vt.实现；完成〔任务等〕；履行〔协定、诺言等〕constraint [kən'streint] n.1.强制；2强制因素，制约条件precedent[pri'si:dənt, 'presi-] n.先例，前例simplify['simplifai]tendency['tendənsi] n.趋势，倾向managerial[,mæni'dʒiəriəl] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2管理上的，经营上的maker['meikə] n.制造者；制造商achievement[ə'tʃi:vmənt] n.1.完成，到达；2成就，成绩attain[ə'tein] vt.到达；完成optimal['ɔptiməl] a.最适宜的；最理想的suboptimization[sʌb,ɔptimai-'zeiʃən, -mi'z-] n.局部最优化〔指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现〕trade-off n.1.〔对不能同时兼顾的因素〕权衡；2物物交换argue['ɑɡju:] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2用辩论证明budget['bʌdʒit]n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算；2安排，预定scheme[ski:m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划define[di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2限定，规定multiple ['mʌltipl]profitability[,prɑfɪtə'bɪlətɪ]n.赚钱，获利correctness[kə'rektnis] n.正确，正确性unintended[,ʌnin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing['ɔn,ɡəuiŋ, 'ɔ:n-] a.进行中的，前进的entity['entəti] n.1.存在，实体；2统一性skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路；碍事make a guess at猜测moving ['mu:viŋ] a.1.活动的，移动的；2.动人的，令人感动的sensitive['sensitiv] a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的be affected with患有……疾病debate on 关于……进行辩论make request for 要求……be opposed to 反对open up1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话take……into account考虑到need for对……的需要opt out of 决定不参加……，决定〔从……〕中退出have……at heart对某事十分关心conspiracy[kən'spirəsi]n.1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派old-boy ['əuld'bɔi] n.1.老同学；2.〔招呼用〕老朋友，老弟，老兄network['netwə:k] 1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络escalator['eskəleitə]privilege ['privilidʒ] n.特权；vt.给予……特权profession[prəu'feʃən] n. 〔尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的〕职业graduate['ɡrædʒuət, -eit, 'ɡrædjueit, -dʒu-] vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业；vt.[主美]准予……毕业；a.1.毕业的；2.研究生的；n.大学毕业生，[美]毕业生unfair[,ʌn'fεə] a.不公平的，不公正的employment[im'plɔimənt] n.1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作publish ['pʌbliʃ]vt.1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表senior ['si:njə] a.1.年长的，年纪较大的；2.地位较高的，资历较深的；3.[英]〔大学〕高年级的，[美]大学四年级的；n.1.年长者；2资历深者，上级appoint [ə'pɔint] vt.1.任命，委任〔as〕；2.私营的，私立的；3秘密的，私下的headmaster['hed'mɑ:stə, -mæstə] n.〔中学或小学的〕校长leading ['li:diŋ] a.1.领导的，指引的；2.最重要的，主要的bias['baiəs]n.偏见；v.[常用被动语态]有偏见〔常与against， towards 连用〕entry['entri] n.1.进入，入场〔权〕，入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，账目merit['merit] n.1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功绩fiercely['fiəsli] ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地competitive[kəm'petitiv] a.竞争的；比赛的entrance['entrəns] n.1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学additional[ə'diʃənəl] a.附加的，追加的；另外的abolish [ə'bɔliʃ] vt.废除〔法律，习惯等〕；取消applicant['æplikənt] n.申请人，请求者performance[pə'fɔ:məns] n.1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏accessible[ək'sesəbl] a.1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的〔to〕；3可理解的〔to〕elite [ei'li:t, i'li:t] n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物；a.杰出的，精英的academic[,ækə'demik] a.1.〔高等〕专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的excellence['eksələns]n.优秀，杰出recruit[ri'kru:t] vt./vi.1.征募〔新兵〕，吸收〔新成员〕；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员equivalent [i'kwivələnt] a.1.相等的，相同的〔to〕；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价〔物〕，等量〔物〕；2.对应词〔或对应语〕ivy['aivi]replicate['replikit, 'replikeit] vt.重复；复制elitist [ei'li:tist, i'-] n.1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者；adj.1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的remedial [ri'mi:diəl, -djəl] a.1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的prime[praim] a.1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的vision['viʒən]n.1.想象力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光classless[/'klɑ:slis/] a.1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的amount to 1.到达总计；2.相当于，等于on average 平均blame……for为……责备某人by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言be worth doing 值得做……slavery['sleivəri] n.1.奴隶制度，奴役；2.奴隶身份domestic[dəu'mestik] adj.1.家庭的，家务的；2.国内的，本国的；n.家仆，佣人Briton['britən] n.大不列颠人；英国人statistics[stə'tistiks] n.1.统计数字，统计资料；2.[用作单]统计学diplomat['dipləmæt] a.外交家；外交官abroad[ə'brɔ:d]ad.到国外；在国外exploit['eksplɔit, ik's-] vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削abuse [ə'bju:z, ə'bju:s]vt./n.1.滥用，妄用；2.虐待，凌辱campaign[kæm'pein]n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动sexually['sekʃuəli]passport ['pɑ:spɔ:t, 'pæs-]Filipino [fili'pi:nəu] n.1.菲律宾人；2菲律宾语；a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的maid[meid] n.1.少女；2侍女，女仆execute['eksikju:t] vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2.将……处死convict[kən'vikt] vt.1.证明……有罪〔of〕；2despite[di'spait] prep.尽管，任凭guilt[ɡilt] n.1.有罪；2.内疚deserving[di'zə:viŋ] a.应得的，值得的〔of〕Saudi['sɔ:di; sɑ:'u:di; 'saudi]n.沙特阿拉伯人；a.沙特阿拉伯的，沙特阿拉伯人的，沙特阿拉伯语的Breadwinner['bred,winə]shelf[ʃelf] n.〔壁橱，书橱内〕搁板；架子minimum ['miniməm] n.最小量；最低限度；a.最小的；最低的；最少的employee[,emplɔi'i:, em'plɔii:]n.雇员，雇工leaflet['li:flit] n.1.小叶，嫩叶；2.传单，活页incidence['insidəns] n.1.影响程度，影响范围；2. 发生率immigrant['imiɡrənt] a.〔从国外〕移民的，侨民的；n.移民，侨民status['steitəs, 'stæ-] n.1.情形，状况；2.地位，身份kingdom['kiŋdəm] n.1.王国；2.领域concession [kən'seʃən]n.1.让步；2.特许权；3.租界，租界地immigration [,imi'ɡreiʃən]n.移居；外来的移民foreigner['fɔrinə]deport[di'pɔ:t]bring over 把……带来；使转变convict…of证明……有罪，宣判……有罪be deserving o f 值得；应得be supposed to 应该gang[ɡæŋ] n.1.一队，一族；2.〔囚犯，歹徒等〕一群，一帮eyewitness['ai,witnis] n.目击者；见证人unison ['ju:nizən] n.一致；协调interstate ['intəsteit, intə's-] a.[主美]州际的BBC 英国广播公司Correspondent[,kɔ:ri'spɔndənt] n .1.对应物；2.新闻通讯员，记者，通信者shackle ['ʃækl]n.1.[常pl.]镣铐；2.[pl.]束缚，枷锁ditch [ditʃ] ，沟渠，，筑渠weed [wi:d] n.1.杂草，野草；2.水生植物；vt.除草，拔草deny[di'nai] vt.1.否认，否认；2.拒绝接受，拒绝给予re-introduction[,riɪntrə'dʌkʃən] n.重新采用，重新引入gap[ɡæp]n.裂口，裂缝toilet['tɔilit]n.盥洗室；厕所circus['sə:kəs] n.1.马戏团，杂技团；2.马戏场，杂技场degrade['di'ɡreid]vt.1.降级，贬低；2.堕落；3.退化plantation[plæn'teiʃən] n.1.种植园，大农场；2.植树造林spokesman ['spəuksmən] n.发言人；代言人racist['reisist] n.种族主义者；a.种族主义的；种族歧视的racial ['reiʃəl]inhumane[,imhju:'mein] a.不人道的，残忍的ineffective [,ini'fektiv] a .无效的，不起作用的civil ['sivəl] n.1.国民的，民用的；2.国内的，民间的union['ju:niən] n.1.工会，协会；2结合，联合liberty ['libəti] n.1.自由，自由权；2.冒昧，失礼；3.[常pl.]特许权，特权punishment['pʌniʃmənt] n.1.处罚，罚，刑罚；2.折磨，损害disaffection[,disə'fekʃən]argument['ɑ:ɡjumənt]n.1.争论，辩论；2.论据，理由watch over看守，照管，监视in unison 完全一致地call up 1.打；2使想起，使忆起blues[blu:z] n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯〔源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调〕；2.慢四步舞rock'n'roll ['rɔkən'rəul]n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞folk[fəuk]n.1.人们；2musician[mju:'ziʃən] n.音乐家；作曲家transformation [,trænsfə'meiʃən, ,trænz-, trɑ:n-] n.1.变化，转化；2改造，改革rhythmic ['riðmik, 'riθ-] a.有韵律的；有节奏的musically['mju:zikəli] ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地distinct [dis'tiŋkt] a.1.与其他不同的，独特的；2.明显的consciousness['kɔnʃəsnis]n.意识，知觉；觉悟youthful['ju:θful] a.1.年轻的；2.朝气蓬勃的anti-war ['ænti'wɔ:]sentiment['sentimənt] n.1.感情，情绪；2.感伤spontaneous[spɔn'teiniəs] a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的；2.出自自然的originate[ə'ridʒəneit] vi./vt.发源；发生，发起imitator['imiteitə〔r〕]Negro['ni:grəu]Eclecticism [e'klektisizəm]synthesis['sinθisis] n.结合，合成jazz [dʒæz]readily['redili]ad.1.乐意地；2很快地，容易地limitless['limitlis] a.无限制的，无限的instrument['instrumənt, 'instrə-, -ment] n.1.仪器；2.乐器electronic[,ilek'trɔnik]amplifier['æmplifaiə]guitar[ɡi'tɑ:] n.六弦琴，吉他electronics[,ilek'trɔniks] [复]n.[用作单]电子学studio['stju:diəu, 'stu:-]n.1.〔艺术家的〕工作室；2.〔无线电，电视〕播音室，演播室；3.电影制片厂penetrating['penitreitiŋ] 1.穿透的，贯穿的；2.深刻的，透彻的thereby[,ðεə'bai, 'ðεəbai]ad.由此，从而passive ['pæsiv] a.1.被动的；2.消极的participant[pɑ:'tisipənt]multimedia[,mʌlti'mi:diə] a.1.多种手段的；2.多媒体的；同时使用形、光、声效果的；n.多媒体，多媒体的使用ballroom['bɔ:lru:m]lighting['laitiŋ]n.照明，照明设备take place 发生take over 1.接管，接任；2.把……从一处运到另一处take on 1.具有；2.担任〔工作等〕；3.雇佣composer[kəm'pəuzə]inspire[in'spaiə]vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感fruitful['fru:tful] a.有成果的，有收获的output['autput, ,aut'put]n.1.产量；2.输出theme [θi:m]n.1.题目，主题；2.主旋律invariably[in'vɛəriəbli]improvise['imprəvaiz]vt.1.即兴创作；2.临时准备，临时凑成symphony['simfəni] n.1.交响曲，交响乐；2.交响乐队，交响音乐会handle ['hændl] n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵3.经营，管理constructive [kən'strʌktiv] a.建设的，建设性的creative[kri'eitiv]notebook['nəutbuk]preliminary[pri'liminəri] a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛painstaking['peinz,teikiŋ]] a.苦干的；费力的traditionalist [trə'diʃənəlist]n.传统主义者；因循守旧者thematic[θi'mætik, θi:-] a.1.题目的，主题的；2.主旋律的conception[kən'sepʃən] n.概念，观念well-established['weli'stæbliʃt]a.1.固定下来的；2.得到确认的temper ['tempə] vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼；2.调合well〔-〕tempered ['wel'tempəd] 1.脾气好的；2.〔键盘乐器〕调到平均律的clavichord ['klævikɔ:d] n.[音]击弦古钢琴mold [məuld] n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸sake[seik]completeness[kəm'pli:tnis] n.1.完整，圆满；2.完成，结束summarize['sʌməraiz] vt./vi.概述，总结diversified [dai'və:sifaid, di-]conventional[kən'venʃənəl] a.1.惯例的，常规的；2.〔艺术等〕因袭的experimental[ek,speri'mentəl, ek's-] a.实验的；经验的harmony['hɑ:məni] n.1.协调，和谐；2.融洽，一致sonority ['səu'nɔ:rəti, -'nɔ-] n.响亮，洪亮evident['evidənt] a.明显的，明白的in other words 换句话说in a sense 在某种意义上at a stretch连续不断地serve as 适合belong in 应归入〔类别、范畴等〕in advance 1.在前面；2.预先It goes without saying不言而喻，理所当然for the sake of 为了……之好处；为了……的目的efficiency[i'fiʃənsi] n.1.效率；2.成效，效能，实力robotics [rəu'bɔtiks]n.[用作单]机器人学，机器人技术robot['rəubɔt, -bət, 'rɔbət] n.机器人；自动控制装置increasingly[in'kri:siŋli]prevalent['prevələnt] a.流行的，普通的automotive[,ɔ:təu'məutiv] a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的weld[weld]spray[sprei] n.1.浪花，水花；2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散cast [kɑ:s, kæst]vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射〔光、影，视线等〕〔on，at〕；3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员〔阵容〕frame[freim]n.构架，框架install [in'stɔ:l]appliance [ə'plaiəns] n.1.应用，适用；2.用具，器械calculator ['kælkjuleitə] n.1.计算者；2.计算器radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv] a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的personnel [,pə:sə'nel] n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事〔部门〕expose[ik'spəuz] vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发radiation [,reidi'eiʃən]n.1.放射，发光；2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能reduction[ri'dʌkʃən]n.1.减少，减小；2.降级，降职；3.归纳，归并automatic[,ɔ:tə'mætik] a.1.自动的；2.无意识的，机械的reprogramme['ri：'prəugræm] v.再次〔重新〕设定程序completion [kəm'pli:ʃən] n.完成，结束；完满specific [spi'sifik] a.1.特有的，特定的；2.具体的，明确的switch [switʃ]n.1.开关，转换器；2.〔思路、话题等的〕转换；vt.1.转换，改变〔思路、话题等〕；2.接通……电流〔on〕，切断……电流〔off〕；vi.转换，变换critical['kritikəl] a.1.批评〔性〕的，批判〔性〕的；2.对……表示谴责的，对……感到不满的〔of〕；3.紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital['didʒitəl] a.1.手指的，指状的；2.数字的，计数的camera['kæmərə] n.照相机，摄影机light-sensitive[,lait'sensitiv]intensity[in'tensəti] n.强烈，剧烈grayscale['grei,skeil] 灰度〔使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调〕brightness['braitnis] n.1.明亮，晴朗；2.聪敏，机灵scale[skeil]n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例〔尺〕；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤shade [ʃeid]n.1.荫，阴影；2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光calculation[,kælkju:leiʃən] n.1.计算，计算结果；2.仔细考虑defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的；有缺陷的assemble[ə'sembl] vt.1.集合；2attendant [ə'tendənt] n.1.侍者，服务员；2.出席者fireman['faiəmən]housekeeper['haus,ki:pə]n.管理家务的主妇；女管家expose to 暴露；面临；曝露in that 在于，原因是in between 在中间；每间隔；在……期间in question 正被谈论的plenty of 大量的；丰富的earthquake['ə:θkweik]warning['wɔ:niŋ]forecast['fɔ:kɑ:st] vt.1.预测，预报；2.预示giant['dʒaiənt]n.1.巨大；2shift[ʃift]vt./vi.1.替换；转移；2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移；2.轮班fault [fɔ:lt]n.1.缺点，毛病；2.错误，过失；3.[地]断层seismic ['saizmik, 'sais-]precede [pri:'si:d, pri-] vt.先于……，比……优先；vi.在前面，居前，领先radon ['reidɔn]decay [di'kei]vi.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败；3.[原]衰变；vt.使腐朽，使腐烂；n.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败radium ['reidiəm]underground['ʌndəɡraund]a.1.地下的；2.秘密的，隐蔽的；ad.1.在地下；2秘密地，隐蔽地speculate['spekjuleit] vi.思索；推测〔on/upon， about〕；vt.1.投机；2.思索，推测subside[səb'said] vi.1.沉淀；2.沉降，下沉；3.平静下来，平息，减退datum['deitəm] 1.资料，材料，2.数据reliability [ri,laiə'biləti]partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] a.1.偏袒的，偏心的，对……偏袒〔to〕；2.部分的，不完全的up-to-date['ʌptə'deit] a.1.最新的，现代化的；2.直至目前的analyze ['ænəlaiz]eastern ['i:stən] a.1.东方的，东部的；2.向东方的，来自东方的work on 1.从事……；2.对……有影响set up 1.设立，建立；2.建立，提出on the alert警戒，处于戒备状态leadership ['li:dəʃip] n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员research [ri'sə:tʃ, 'ri:s-] n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究attach[ə'tætʃ] vt.〔to〕1.固定住，系；2.附加，隶属；3.把〔重点等〕放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋possession[pə'zeʃən] n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产satisfaction [,sætis'fækʃən] n.满意，满足relaxation[,ri:læk'seiʃən] n.1.松弛，放松；2.缓和，减轻；3.休养desirable[di'zaiərəbl] a.称心的，合意的，理想的occupation [,ɔkju'peiʃən] n.1.占领；2.占有；ɔ.职业portray [pɔ:'trei, pəu-] vt.描绘；描写；描述urban ['ə:bən] a.城市的，都市的stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的；压力重的loom [lu:m] vi.隐隐呈现；逼近renewal [ri'nju:əl] n.1.更新；2重新开始underlie[,ʌndə'lai]vt.支撑；构成〔理论，政策，行为等〕的基础acquire [ə'kwaiə]vt.获得，得到recognition [,rekəg'niʃən] n.1.认出；2.承认，公认impart[im'pɑ:t] vt.把……分给；给予〔to〕positive['pɔzətiv, -zi-] a.1.明确的，确实的；2.积极的，肯定的；3.正的，阳性的motivate['məutiveit] vt.作为…的动机，激发relevant['reləvənt] a.1.贴切的，中肯的；2.与……有关的〔to〕communicator [kə'mju:nikeitə] n.传播者，传播工作者participation[pɑ:tisi'peiʃən]n.参加，参与attainment[ə'teinmənt] n.1.到达，到达；2.[常pl.]成就，造诣be concerned with 1.关于，涉及；2.忙于……；3.关心，关切attach importance to认为……很重要take to 1.开始从事；2.养成……的习惯3.培养对……的爱好put……to use使用；利用be relevant to 与……有关on the part of就……而言set……as objective把……作为目标elusive[i'lju:siv,-səri] a.1.躲避的；2.难以捉摸的，难以理解的tricky['triki] a.1.狡猾的，耍花招的；2.难以处理的slip[slip]vi.1.滑动，滑过；2.溜，溜走；vt.使滑动；使滑过quicksand['kwiksænd]oversupply[,əuvəsə'plai, 'əuvəsə,plai]wayside['weisaid]n.路边；2.路边的flexible['fleksibl] a.1.柔韧的，柔顺的；2.可变通的，灵活的readjustment[,ri:ə'dʒʌstmənt] n.再整理，再调整project['prɔdʒekt, 'prəu, prə'dʒekt] n.1.设计，规划；2.项目；vt.1.方案，计划；2.投射，映射3.使突出appointment[ə'pɔintmənt] n.1.任命；2.约会weekly['wi:kli] a.每周的；一周一次的；ad.每周；每周一次；n.周刊，周报adjustment[ə'dʒʌstmənt]realistic[,riə'listik, ,ri:-] a.1.现实的，实际的；2.逼真的；3.现实主义的，现实主义者的underestimate[,ʌndə'estimeit] vt.低估；看轻overestimate[,əuvər'estimeit, -'estimət]vt.过高估计；过高评价emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] n.紧急情况；突发事件routine [ru:'ti:n] n.日常工作；例行手续，常规；2.日常的；例行的；常规的crash [kræʃ] a.紧急的，速成的inflexible[in'fleksəbl] a.1.不可弯曲的，僵硬的；2.不可改变的，固执的adjust[ə'dʒʌst]vt.1.调整，调节；2.校准deem [di:m] vt.认为，相信assignment [ə'sainmənt] n.1.分配，委派；2.任务，〔课外〕作业freshman['freʃmən] n.1新手，生手；2.大学一年级学生kid[kid]vt./vi./n.1.戏弄，开玩笑；2.欺骗，哄骗faithfully ['feiθfuli]adv忠诚地；如实地temptation [temp'teiʃən]n.引诱，诱惑look ahead to 向前看；展望未来allocate……for分配给……；配给fall by the wayside半途而废，中途退出hang up 1.把……挂起来；2.挂断〔〕；3.延迟，拖延throw off 扔掉；摆脱work out 做出；制定出retention [ri'tenʃən] n.保持；保留distract[dis'trækt] vt.分散〔注意，心思等〕；使人分心adversely [æd'və:sli] ad.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地appreciate[ə'pri:ʃieit] vt.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价，鉴别；3感激，感谢contrary ['kɔntrəri] a.相反的，相对的，与……相反〔to〕mislead [,mis'li:d] vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错motivation[,məuti'veiʃən] n.动机；动力inefficient [,ini'fiʃənt] a.无效的；效率低的exceptional [ik'sepʃənəl] a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的hinder ['hində] vt.阻止；阻碍typical['tipikəl] a.典型的，代表性的to date 到目前为止attend to 专心；注意；照顾make the grade 取得成功，到达理想标准fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃be true of 符合于……，对……适用classify [/'klæsifai/] vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级；2.把……列为〔as〕aged ['eidʒid] a.年老的，老的northwestern[,nɔ:θ'westən] a.1.在西北的，向西北的；2.来自西北的approximate [ə'prɔksimit，ə'prɔksimeit] a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近〔to〕paradox ['pærədɔks] 1.似非而可能是的论点；2.自相矛盾的话proportion [prəu'pɔ:ʃən] n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称dependency [ di'pendənsi] n.从属；依赖〔on〕advantageous [,ædvən'teidʒəs] a.有利的，有助的liability [,laiə'biləti] n.1.责任，义务；2.[pl.]债务，负债；3.不利条件，阻碍的人〔或物〕inactive [in'æktiv] a.不活动的；不活跃的appreciation[ə,pri:ʃi'eiʃən] n.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价；3.感激，感谢salient['seiljənt, -liənt] a.1.突出的，凸起的；2.显著的resettlement[ri'setlmənt;]n.重新定居，重新安置acknowledge[ək'nɔlidʒ] vt.1.承认；2.表示感谢fore [fɔ:] ad.在前面；a.1.先时的，先前的；2gathering ['ɡæðəriŋ] n.1.聚集；2.集会birthrate ['bə:θreit]elsewhere [,els'hwεə] ad.在别处；向别处demography[di:'mɔɡrəfi]alter['ɔ:ltə] vt./vi.改变，改动experiential[ik,spiəri'enʃəl] a.经验的；凭经验的continued[kən'tinju:d] a.继续的，连续的lengthen['leŋθən] vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸wealthy ['welθi] a.富裕的；丰富的neglect [ni'ɡlekt] vt.1.无视，忽略；2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽expectation[,ekspek'teiʃən] n.1.期待；2.估计寿命slippery ['slipəri] a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的demographer [di:'mɔɡrəfə]revision[ri'viʒən]n.修订，修改upwards ['ʌpwədz] ad.向上；趋向上升approximate to与……接近to the fore 1.在前面，到前面；2.在显著地位resistance to 对……的阻力esteem [i'sti:m] vt./n.尊敬，尊重cope[kəup] vi.对付，妥善处理〔with〕parenting ['pεərəntiŋ]tone[təun]n.1.音调，音色；2.腔调，语气；3.[语]声调，语调infant'infənt]n.婴儿，幼儿；a.婴儿的，幼儿的lovable['lʌvəbl] a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的manageable['mænidʒəbl]unlovable[,ʌn'lʌvəbl] a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的worthless['wə:θlis] a.1.无价值的，无用的；2.不足道的，不可取的ultimately ['ʌltimətli] ad.最后，最终地self-defeating [,selfdi'fi:tiŋ] a.1.自我挫败的；2.有违被衰的crisis ['kraisis] n.1危机；2.决定性时刻withdraw[wið'drɔ:, wiθ-]vt.1.收回，提取；2.撤退，撤销；vi.1.撤退，退出；2.退缩，逃避现实inconsiderate [,inkən'sidərət] a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人outcome ['autkʌm]n.1.结果，结局；2.出路，出口reinforcement[,ri:in'fɔ:smənt] n.增强，加固；强化tangible['tændʒəbl] a.1.可触摸的，可感知的；2.确实的，真实的attribute[ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t]n.1.属性，特征；2.[语]定语；vt.把……归因于〔to〕fold[fəuld] vt./vi.折叠；对折； n.褶〔痕〕appropriate [ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət] a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的cope with 对付；处理no other……than 1.除……外没有，只有；2.正是，就是take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……廉价act out 1.将……表演出来；2.〔用行动〕表示出来election [i'lekʃən] n.选举；选举权presidential [,prezi'denʃəl] 〔或校长〕的，总统〔或校长等〕职务的winner['winə] n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者republican [ri'pʌblikən] a.1.共和国的；2.[R-]〔美国〕共和党的；n.1.共和主义者；2.[R-]共和党党员democratic[,demə'krætik,-kəl] a.民主的，民主主义的nominee [,nɔmi'ni:] n.被提名者；被任命者vote [vəut] n.1.选举，投票；2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举certainty ['sə:tənti] n.一定；必定nomination [,nɔmi'neiʃən] n.提名；任命loyalty ['lɔiəlti] n.忠诚；忠心decline[di'klain]vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落democrat['deməkræt] n.1.民主主义者，民主人士；2.[D-]民主党党员voter['vəutə] n.选举人，投票人strategically [strə'ti:dʒikəli] ad.战略上地，颇具策略地pursue [pə'sju:, -'su:] vt.1.追赶；2.追求，寻求；3.进行，从事impact ['impækt, im'pækt] n.1.冲击，碰拦；2.效果，影响；vt.装紧，压紧headquarters [,hed'kwɔ:təz][复]n.1.司令部，指挥部；2.〔机构，企业〕总部，总店economy[i'kɔnəmi] n.1.经济；2.节约strategist['strætidʒist]rating['reitiŋ] n.1.等级，规格；2.评定结果，〔电视〕收视率poll[pəul] n.1.选举，投票；2.民意测验；vt1.得到选票；2stir[stə:] vt.1.搅拌，搅动；2.激起，打动；vi.微动；活动；n.惊动；轰动strategy['strætidʒi] n.战略；策略constitutional [,kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] a.1.宪法上规定的；2.组成的，构成的provision [prəu'viʒən] n.1.供给，供给品；2.条款，规定；3.[常pl.]给养，口粮electoral [i'lektərəl]representation [,reprizen'teiʃən] n.1.描写，表现；2.代表，代理congress['kɔŋɡres, kən'ɡres]n.1.〔代表〕大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]〔美法等的〕参议院，上院House [haus, hauz] n.[英]议院district ['distrikt] n.1.区，行政区；2.地区，区域representative [,repri'zentətiv] n.代表，代表人；a.典型的，有代表性的presidency ['prezidənsi]n.1.总统〔或校长，会长，行长等〕职务〔或职权，任期〕；2.管辖overwhelming[,əuvə'hwelmiŋ]stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望identify……as把……看作impact on 对……之影响contest ['kɔntest, kən'test] n.1.竞争，比赛；2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩rivalry ['raivəlri] n.竞争；对抗dozen ['dʌzən] n.1.一打，十二个；2.十来个，十几个nominate ['nɔmineit, 'nɔminət, -neit]vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名electorate [i'lektərət] n.全体选民；选区inevitably[in'evitəbli]ad.不可防止地，必然地dominance['dɔminəns,-nənsi] n.优势，控制，统治assault[ə'sɔ:lt] n.1.攻击，袭击；2.〔军〕冲击，突击，强击parliamentary[,pɑ:lə'mentəri] a.议会的，国会的congressman ['kɔŋɡresmən] n.〔美〕国会议员statistically[stə'tistikli]dominant['dɔminənt] a.占优势的；支配的majority[mə'dʒɔriti] n.1.多数，大半；2.多数党，多数派automatically[,ɔ:tə'mætikəli]ad.自动地；习惯性地competitor [kəm'petitə] n.竞争者；对手running['rʌniŋ] n.1.跑，赛跑；2.竞选inevitable [in'evitəbl] a.不可防止的，必然〔发生〕的peaceful ['pi:sful] a.1.平静的，安宁的；2.和平的，和平方式的transfer [træns'fə:] vt.1.转移，传输；2调动；3.改变；vi.1.转移，转学；2.换车；换船；n.转移，传输，变换overturn [,əuvə'tə:n, 'əuvətə:n] vt./n.1.打翻，使翻过来；2.推翻，颠覆，消灭；vi.翻身；倒下foolproof ['fu:l,pru:f] a.1.连傻子都懂的；2.不会出毛病的； 3.有安全装置的monopoly[mə'nɔpəli] n.垄断；专卖opposition [,ɔpə'ziʃən] n.1.反对，反抗；2.对立，意见相反monopolize [mə'nɔpəlaiz] v.垄断；专卖moderation[,mɔdə'reiʃən] n.1.温和，适度；2.缓和，减轻legislation[,ledʒis'leiʃən] n.1.立法；2.法律，法规temporarily ['tempərərili, ,tempə'rεə-]ad.暂时地，临时地break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解in the running 参赛，参加竞选in power 掌权的，执政的out of power丧失权力in favour of 1.赞成，支持；2.为……的利益，有利于；3.支付给come into power 上台；开始掌权carry onanaesthetics[,ænis'θetiks]vaccine ['væksi:n]n.牛痘苗；疫苗；a.牛痘的；疫苗的diabetes [,daiə'bi:ti:z]developmental [di,veləp'mentəl] a.1.发展的，开发的；2.促使成长的，起改良作用的disorder [dis'ɔ:də] n.1.混乱；2.失调，紊乱；vt.使混乱；使失调irrelevant[i'reləvənt] a.不相干的，离题的，与……不相干〔to〕misleading [,mis'li:diŋ] a.引入歧途的；使人误解的irresponsible[,iri'spɔnsəbl] a.无责任感的，不负责任的unethical[ʌn'eθikl] a.不合伦理的；不合道德的thalidomide [θə'lidəmaid] n.[药]萨立多胺〔原用作中枢神经镇静剂，因有造成胎儿缺肢畸形的副作用，已被禁用〕replacement[ri'pleismənt] n.1.复位，复职；2.替换，代替refinement[ri'fainmənt] n.精炼，精制simulate['simjuleit]vt……假装，冒充；ɑ.模仿，模拟cell [sel] 1.细胞；2.小房间，单人牢房toxicity [tɔk'sisəti]eventual[i'ventʃuəl] a.最后的，结局的dose[dəus] n.〔一次〕剂量replace [ri'pleis]vt.1.把……放回〔原处〕，使恢复〔原职〕；2.更换，以……替代tube [tju:b, tu:b] n.1.管，软管；2.电子管，真空管；3.[英]地铁partly ['pɑ:tli] ad.部分地；在一定程度上polio ['pəuliəu]n.[医]脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症biomedical[,baiəu'medikəl] a.生物医学的ethics ['eθiks] n.[pl.]1.[用作单]伦理学；2.伦理观，道德标准undergo [,ʌndə'ɡəu] vt.经历，经受；忍受suitable['sju:təbl] a.合适的；适当的rabbit ['ræbit]litter ['litə]n.1.〔供动物睡眠或植物防冻的〕干草；2.杂乱无章；3.〔猫狗等〕一窝〔仔畜〕；4.[总称]乱丢的东西〔尤指废纸等杂物〕；vt.1.为〔动物〕铺草；2.〔多产动物〕产〔仔〕；3.乱丢refine [ri'fain]vt.1.提纯，精制；2.使精美，使改良；vt.1.精炼，提纯；2.变优雅regeneration[ri,dʒenə'reiʃən, ri:-] n.新生，再生，复兴paralyse['pærəlaiz] vt.1.使麻痹，使瘫痪；2.使无力，使气馁regrow[ri:'ɡrəu] vt.再生长，重新生长reproduce[,ri:prə'dju:s]vt.1.繁殖；2.再生产，再生长〔器官〕；2.复制；4.再现，重现sacrifice to 向……献祭；为……而牺牲；为……而失去do research into 进行……的研究be central to 对……极为重要的do experiment on 用……做实验be irrelevant to 与……不相干；不切题test on 对……进行试验aim for瞄准；以……为目标pet [pet] n.宠物，爱畜；a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的delightful[di'laitful] a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的humanity [hju:'mænəti] n.1.人性，博爱，仁慈；2.人类negative['neɡətiv] a.1.否认的，否认的；2.反面的，消极的；3.[数]负的，[电]阴性的；n.1.负片，底片；2.负数remark [ri'mɑ:k]vt.说，评论；vi.评论，议论〔on〕；n.评论，看法touching ['tʌtʃiŋ] a.动人的，使人感伤的going['ɡəuiŋ]n.进行状况；a.进行中的；现行的coming ['kʌmiŋ] a.正在到来的，即将来到的；n.来到，到达literal['litərəl] a.1.精确的，如实的；2.逐字的，字面的grant[ɡrɑ:nt, ɡrænt]vt.同意；准予；n.1.同意，授予；2.拨款contented [kən'tentid] a.满足的，满意的serene [si'ri:n] a.安详的；宁静的contemplate['kɔntəm,pleit] vt.1.注视，凝视；2.沉思plea[pli:] n.1.请求，恳求；2.托词devotion [di'vəuʃən] n.献身，忠诚ownership['əunəʃip] n.1.拥有；2.所有权，所有制imperative [im'perətiv] a.1.绝对必要的，迫切的；2.命令，强制的；3.[语]祈使的stricken ['strikən] I. strike的过去分词 II.a.1.被打中的，被击伤的；2〔常用以构成复合词〕受灾的，受侵袭的relief [ri'li:f]n.1.〔痛苦，压迫等〕减轻，宽慰；2.救济donation [dəu'neiʃən] n.捐献；赠送afflict [ə'flikt] vt.使苦恼，折磨deprive[di'praiv] vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去〔of〕individualistic['indi,vidjuə'listik, -dʒu-] a.个人主义〔者〕的prevail[pri'veil, pri:-]vi.1.胜过〔over， against〕；2.流行，盛行starvation [stɑ:'veiʃən] n.饥饿；饿死kwashiorkor [,kwɑ:ʃi'ɔ:kə] n.[医]恶性营养不良症deficiency[di'fiʃənsi] n.缺乏，不足starve [stɑ:v] vi.1.饿死；2.挨饿；3.极需，渴望〔for〕；vt.使饿死；使挨饿sustain [sə'stein] vt.1.支撑，承受住；2.供养，维持unreasonable[,ʌn'ri:zənəbl] a.1.不讲道理的，非理智的；2.不合情理的，过度的bring out 1.使显现，显示；2生产，使产生attach……to使……与……相关，把……附加到goings and comings 1.来往；2.活动，发生的事take……for granted 1.认为真实；2.视为当然at ease 自在的，舒适的plea for 恳求；请求not that……并不是说not 〔never〕 for a moment 决不；从不break in on〔upon〕 1.打搅；2.打断，闯进feel bitter at 对……怀恨seize hold of 1.抓住；2.占有daydream['deidri:m]symptom['simptəm] n.症状，征兆habitual[hə'bitjuəl] a.1.习惯性的，习以为常的2.惯常的，已成规则的maladjustment [,mælə'dʒʌstmənt] n.1.失调；2.不适应环境compensatory[kəm'pensətəri] a.赔偿，补偿的equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm]n.1.平衡，均衡，平均，相称；2.均势；3.〔心情的〕平静；4.〔判断上的〕不偏不倚intellectual[,intə'lektjuəl, -tʃuəl] n.知识分子；a.智力的，理智的detail ['di:teil, di'teil] n.细节，详情；vt.详述，详细说明enhance [in'hɑ:ns, -hæns] vt.提高；增强spur [spə:] vt.1.用催马刺催促〔马〕；2.激励，鞭策；n.1.踢马刺；2.刺激〔物〕，激励，鼓舞initial [i'niʃəl] a.1.最初的，开始的；2inventor [in'ventə] n.发明者，创造者waylay[,wei'lei, 'weilei] vt.伏击；拦住……问讯muse [mju:z] v./n.沉思，冥想confront[kən'frʌnt] vt.1.面对，遭遇；2.正视，对抗painter ['peintə] n.漆工；画家sensitivity [,sensi'tiviti] n.敏感性；灵敏度inner ['inə] a.1.内部的，里面的；2.思想的，精神的；n.内部；里面reflection [re'flekʃən] n.1.反射，反映，映像；2.深思，考虑creativity[,kriei'tiviti]effortless['efətlis] a.1.不作努力的；2.不费力的，容易的dreamlike ['dri:mlaik] a.梦一般的，梦幻的surrounding [sə'raundiŋ]character['kærəktə]n.1.性格，品质；2.特性，特征；3.人物，角色；4.〔书写或印刷〕符号，〔汉〕字thinker['θiŋkə] n.思想家；思考者steadily ['stedili] ad.稳固地；稳定地vividly ['vividli] ad.鲜明地；生动地drift [drift] n.1.漂流；2trace [treis] n.1.痕迹，踪迹；2.微量，少许；vt.跟踪，查找undisturbed [,ʌndi'stə:bd] a.不受干扰的；宁静的tune[tju:n, tu:n] n.1.曲调，曲子；2.和谐，协调；vt.1.为〔乐器〕调音；2.和谐，调节midst[midst] n.中间，当中；prep.〔=amidst〕在……当中impoverished[im'pɔvəriʃt] a.贫困的，赤贫的well-being ['wel'bi:ŋ] n.1.健康；2.福利，幸福modest ['mɔdist] a.1.谦虚的，谦恭的；2.适中的，不过分的investment [in'vestmənt] n.投资；〔时间，精力的〕投入excitement[ik'saitmənt] n.刺激；兴奋to excess过分，过度，过量substitute……for用……代替……be contrary to 与……相反in reality 实际上，事实上put off 1.延期；2.消除；3.阻碍let go of 放手；放开be confronted with 面临，面对draw on 1.用做来源，依靠；2.临近gaze at凝视，注视be unaware of 不知道……，没觉察到……dream of 梦见；梦想in one's mind's eye 在脑海里at sea 1.在海上，在航海中；2.迷惑，茫然go over 1.越过，渡过；2.仔细检查impress……on使……铭记，牢记be free from 没有……的；不受……的put aside 1.放在一边，撇开；2.储存be beneficial to对……有益add up to 1.总和是；2.[口]总起来意味着perchance [pə'tʃɑ:ns] ad.[古]1.偶然，意外地；2.可能，或许miserable['mizərəbl] a.悲惨的；可怜的far-fetched ['fɑ:'fetʃt] a.1.牵强的；2.未必会的，靠不住的veteran['vetərən] n.1.老兵，老手；2.[美]退伍军人；a.老练的；经验丰富的administration [əd,mini'streiʃən] n.1.管理，经营；2.行政，行政机关sleepy['sli:pi] a.困倦的，嗜睡的link[liŋk] n.环节，联系；vt.用环连接；联系elude [i'lju:d] vt.〔巧妙地〕逃避，躲避respectively[ri'spektivli]ad.各自地，分别地definitive[di'finitiv] a.1.决定的，确定的；2.限定的，明确的evolve[i'vɔlv]vt.1.使发展，使形成，制定；2.引申出，推论；vi.1.进展；2.进化differ ['difə] vi.1.不同，相异〔from〕；2.与……意见不同〔from， with〕surprisingly [sə'praiziŋli]ad.惊人地；出乎意料地namely['neimli] ad.即，也就是plus[plʌs]prep.加，加上；a.1.正的；2.附加的acronym ['ækrəunim]eyeball['aibɔ:l]correlation [,kɔ:ri'leiʃən] n.相互关系，关联physiology[,fizi'ɔlədʒi]unhappy [,ʌn'hæpi]n.1.不快乐的，愁苦的；2.不幸的dreamer ['dri:mə] n.1.做梦的；2.空想家volunteer[,vɔlən'tiə]identity [ai'dentəti] n.1.同一，一致；2.身份，本体primarily ['praimərəli, prai'me-] ad.1.首先，起初；2.首要地，主要地merry['meri] a.欢乐的，愉快的psychology [psai'kɔlədʒi] n.1.心理学；2.心理location [ləu'keiʃən] n.1.定位，测位；2.位置，场所reinforce[,ri:in'fɔ:s] vt.1.增援，支援；2加强，增加；3.进一步证实influence on 对……的影响break into 分成〔部分〕check into 调查compel[kəm'pel] vt.强迫〔to〕rightly ['raitli] ad.1公正地，正当地；2.合适地，恰当地laborer ['leibərə] n.劳动者；工人antithesis [æn'tiθisis] n.1.对偶〔修辞学〕对句；2.对立，对立面voluntary ['vɔləntəri] a.1.自愿的，志愿的；2.自发的undertake[,ʌndə'teik]vt.1.着手做，进行；2承担，从事，进行；3承担，答应〔to〕coronary ['kɔ:rənəri] a.冠的；冠状的；n.1.冠状动脉；2.冠状动脉血栓形成compulsion[kɔm'pʌlʃən] n.强制，强迫division[di'viʒən] n.1.分开，分割；2.分工；3除〔法〕；4部门，〔机关的〕科，处。

UNIT 11) on balance 5) illustrated 9) involved2) resist 6) budget 10) economic3) haul 7) lowering 11) blasting4) wicked 8) boundary 12) just about2.1)cut back/ down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through 5)face up to 6) turn in 7) making up for 8) think up3.1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy2) often generate misleading thoughts3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work4) be suspected of doing everything for money5) before he gets through life4.1) their indoor, a profit, to invest in2) device, the improvement, on a global scale3) stacked, temptation, never dined outII Confusable Words1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household2. 1) doubt 2) suspect 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspectIII. Word Formation1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows, whys6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) searchComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related1) get by 2) temptation 3) get through 4) improvements5) aside from 6) suspect 7) supplement 8) profit9) stacking2. (Theme-related)1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit 4) world 5) tough6) fuels 7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance 10) idealII. Translation1. We have a problem w ith the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometowntook over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5. When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expense. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.UNIT 2VocabularyI.1.1) decades 5) slender 9) on the side2) historic 6) web 10) authorized3) imposed 7) bade 11) terminal4) religious 8) site 12) make the best of2.1) went through 2) stood up for 3) laid down 4) take on5) let (us) down 6) draw on 7) fall into 8) pass for3.1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.2) Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.3) There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.4.1) As for, do not compel, capture of, have forged2) At huge risk, the mission, shelter3) who abolished, In the eyes of, racialII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. I'll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, but first let me hear about your French trip.2. Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it's always breaking down.5. In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus..8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignoranceIII. Usage1) lonely 2)friendly 3) weekly, monthly 4)lovely5) cowardly 6)kindly/saintly 7) lively 8)motherlyComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related1)forged 2) stand up 3) compelled 4)convictions 5)mission6)abolish 7) intent on 8) risk 9)in the eyes of 10)threats2. (Theme-related)1) assistance 2) involved 3) estimated 4)coincidence 5)emerged 6) referred 7) numerous 8) stationed 9)concern 10)captureII. Translation1. Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.2. Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.3. According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.4. Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.5. Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.UNIT 3VocabularyI.1.1) threatens 2) by a small margin 3)civilize 4)closed up 5)wandered 6) paste 7) without so much as 8) sideways9) hook up to 10) universal 11) chart 12) Bathed in2. 1)narrowed down 2)looked back on 3)cut off 4)fit into 5)wear(the other) down 6)lies in 7)put up 8)stand for3. 1)...which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.2)...with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.3)...feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986---killing all seven crew.4)...threatened to keep the pupils in after school, they were quieted at once.5)... are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that/because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.4. 1) looked back on/ atmosphere/urban life2)era/ hooked up to the / the electronic3) the suburb / a sophisticated / system / analyze / make errorsII. 1) away 2)inside/in 3)forward/through 4)back5)off 6)home 7) back down 8)in...outIII. 1) Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be2) Most men do not look unattractive in them3) Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment4) The claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.5)His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.Comprehensive Exercises1. Cloze1. 1) Statistics 2)rural 3)era 4)stood for 5)on the latch6)vulnerable 7)barrier 8)electronic 9)reflection 10)civilized2. 1) together 2)liable 3)shift 4)electric 5)cautious6)sophisticated 7)thieves 8)break 9)chances 10)signsII. Translation1.1) The Internet is changing the way people live, (no matter) whether they are in urban or rural areas.2)Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.3) With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development.4)It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.5) Looking back on my twenty years' teaching in high school, I attribute my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.2. It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes. Thus exposing him to police patrols. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure/Assure yourself that you don't leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.UNIT 4VocabularyI.1.1) accordingly 2) loose 3) concentration 4)stimulating 5) fabric 6)if anything 7) reality 8) intuition9) trifle 10) at the turn of the century 11) mess12) undermine2. 1) approve of 2) slow down 3) taken in 4) sucked into 5) set apart 6) dozed off 7)call forth 8)stretch into 9) keep up with 10)believe in3. 1)...provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.2)...is credited to his powers of imagination3)...on the foundations of an agricultural revolution4)...not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse.5)...the outbreak of the Second World War.4. 1) flaw/came to the conclusion/would get nowhere2) in a row/dozed off/a mess of3) outbreak of/ has undermined / has strainedII. 1)With Christmas only a week away2) With his physical condition improving day by day3) With our GDP growing steadily4) With all the shops closed5) with her eyes closed6) With the fog lifting during the nightIII. 1) like/as 2) as 3) like 4) like/as5) as/like 6) as 7)like 8) asComprehensive Exercises1. Cloze1. 1) caution 2) came to the conclusion that 3)never get anywhere4)undermining 5) not give/care a fig 6) flaw7) beyond any doubt 8)foundation 9)remarkable/impressive10) imagination2. 1) extent 2)inventions 3)bet 4)manages 5)vision6)eventually 7)achievement 8)poverty 9) utilized 10)breakthroughII. Translation1.1) The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.2)Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.3)Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulating students' creative imagination.4) As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn't approve of the economic stimulus package.5) Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself.2. What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the UN declared it "The World Year of Physics". It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein's theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.Unit 6 The Human TouchText AContent Questions（P.172）1.They found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishopsleeves so much in tune that they set up a joint studio. 2.Johnsy would be able to recover from pneumonia if she wantedto live.3.She wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day.4.She could see a bare yard, and an old ivy vine climbing halfway up the brick wall.5.Because she thought that she would die when the last leaf fell.6.No. Because in the text the author mentions that Behrman wasa failure in art. For forty years he had been always aboutto paint a masterpiece, without ever actually starting one.7.He was upset that Johnsy should have such a silly idea.8.Because they were afraid that Johnsy would die if the leaveson it were all gone.9.She saw the last leaf on the vine.10.It rekindled her will to live. And she realized that it wasa sin to want to die.11.H e caught pneumonia because he painted the last leaf on a rainyand cold night in the yard and was wet through.12.Yes, he finished his masterpiece eventually. It was his finepainting of the last leaf, the painting that saved Johnsy. Text Organization (P.173)1. (P.173)1).S he made up her mind to die when the last leaf fell.2).S he decided not to give up her life.3).B ehrman, a kind neighbor, who was aware of Johnsy's state of mind,risked death to paint the last leaf and save her.4).B ecause it was so perfect the girls both mistook it for the realthing.2. (P.173)Language Sense Enhancement (P.174)I. 1)curling 2) looking the part3) masterpiece 4) to excess5) For the rest 6) smelling strongly of7) f ancy 8) light and fragile9) s light hold upon the world 10) streamingLanguage Focus (P.176)Vocabulary(P.176)1. 1) masterpieces 2) fragile3) fancy 4) nonsense5) cling to 6)endure7) acute 8) whistle9) mock 10) subtracted11) Sin 12) flutter/fluttering2.(P.177)1) gave in/gave up 2) figure out3) sized up 4)wiped out5) pulling up 6)wear away7) sit up 8) hear of /about3.(P. 178)1) Illnesses usually stand out in childhood memories.2)According to the bulletin, Albright College now offers a jointbachelor's degree program in environmental studies togetherwith Duke University.3)The new government is less oppressive, but violence stillstalks the country.4)There is scarcely any surface water in the desert.5)The demand for change in the election law is so persistent thatboth houses have promised to consider it.4. (P. 178—179)1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so webuilt a camp fire. Soon the smellof steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grassand earth. Other campers seemed to be doing the same. Hereand there people were eating, drinking or dancing to their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night! 2)Miss Florence, our music teacher, called to us to stopsinging. I didn't realize why until Sally told me in a whisper: " You are not in tune with the group!"3)The angry wife poured a bucket of water over her drunkenhusband, who was immediately wet through and stumbled backward: " You can't do without drinks? I won't hear of any excuses. You certainly don't need it to turn loose your tongue!"II. W ords with Multiple Meanings (P. 179—180)1.He went to Paris on business last month.2.The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m.3.As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let thesheep go.4.We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will goexploring together in the mountains.5.Let's go and have a drink in the bar.6.The store is going to close up soon.7.South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat theSpanish team in the quarterfinals.8.When Mother came out of the house, she found her childrengone.III. Usage (P. 180)1.a little white wooden house2.long, curly red hair2.a large old round table3.a cheap Indian restaurant4.a huge cool chocolate ice-cream5.rapid technological advance6.a handsome young Chinese AmericanComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze (P. 181)1. (P. 182)1).T he red house stands out against the old trees that reach highup to the sky.2).T he salary in/for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’mnot satisfied.3).T he waters of the two streams mingle near our village.4).W e should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.5).T he curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the styleof the furniture.2. (P. 182)Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part,or to be "in tune with" other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.Unit 7Text APart II Text AContent Questions1．A surgeon’s scar cuts across his lower back. The fingers on his right hand are so twisted that he can’t tie his shoes.His mother’s challenges and the voices of those who belie ved him stupid, incapable of living independently keep him goingon.2．He is a door-to-door salesman. His weapons are: dark slacks, blue shirt and matching jacket, brown tie, tan raincoat, hat and a briefcase.3．He is afraid that someone will steal his briefcase. He was different in that cerebral palsy affected his speech, hands and walk.4．First a school for the disabled and then Lincoln High School, where he was placed in a class for slow kids.5．She was certain that he could rise above his limitations. 6．He applie d for a salesman’s job.7．With his mother setting up a meeting with a Watkins representative, as well as by his own persistence.8．He lacked confidence. It took him quite a while to have the courage to ring the first doorbell.9．He keeps coming back until the customer buys. He tells himself not to worry if hid day has not turned out to be profitable. 10．Because he was laid up for five months after band surgery and couldn’t work.11．Like a home of the past era. He leads a solitary life. 12．No, he doesn’t. Because he lives a life of dignity.TextOrganization 1.2.Vocabulary:1) disabled 2) impatient 3) solitary 4)crushed5) feel like 6) lashed 7) echoing 8)paused9) betrayed 10) laundry 11) section 12)tilted2.1) cared for 2) hang on3) was laid up with 4) are gaining on5) kicked up 6) went off7) drop ... off 8)straighten out3.1) … sometimes didn't register with her.2)…in disorder, drawers pulled out, shoes and bootsscattered.3)… was transferred from Father's account to my accoun t.4)… a pledge to contribute 1000,000dollars to the Childrenin Needed charity campaign.5)… the most profitable business in that province.4. 1) gaining on; off balance; was laid up in; scar on2) a cripple\ crippled ; surgery , limitations, inliterature.3) commission ; on the phone ; his territory ; neverregisters withII. Usage1.I never did go over these books, although I probably shouldhave.2.I know this is a personal question. You don't have to answerme if you don't want to.3.I think this topic should have attracted far more attentionfrom philosophers than it has.4."I think you're right." — "I'm sure I am."5."He thought that the condition was hereditary in his case."—"Well, it might be."6."Sugar?" ---- "No. Maybe next time."7.The house is only a building. It is a place to live, nothingmore.8.DIANE: You didn't! Tell me youdidn't! FATHER: Oh, yes. Anythingfor my children.III. Word Family1.1) bored 2) boredom3) bored 4) boringly5) boring2. 1) 2)3) 4)3. 1) frozen 2) freeze3) freezing 4) freezer5) freezeComprehensive ExercisesI Cloze1. Text-related1) off … f eet 2) signature 3) commission 4) on the phone5) laid up 6) surgery 7) territory 8) disorder9) applying for 10) dignity2. Theme-related1）didn’t 2) read 3) come 4) money5) because 6) earning 7) doing 8) own9) obviously 10) valueII. TranslationI. I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footstepsechoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.2. The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months.3. Snowstorms threw communications and transportation intodisorder.4.I’ve been suffering a lot of s tress from work lately, I feellike taking a vacation at the seaside.5. Living in an apartment is all right, but it has itslimitations--- for example, you don’t have your owngardens.6. Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sportswear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him. Part III TextBComprehension Check1. c3. a 2.d 4.d 6. b5. dTranslation1.当时我俩并未意识到这一点，但那就是我们之间开始拉开距离的日子，是开始在家庭内部重新界定劳动者的意义的日子。

英语（二）词汇表organizational [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃənəl, -ni'z-] a.组织（上）的goal[ɡəul] n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门objective[əb'dʒektiv, ɔb-]n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2如实的，无偏见的accomplish [ə'kʌmpliʃ, ə'kɔm-]vt.完成（任务等）predict[pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示accompany[ə'kʌmpəni]vt.1.伴随，陪同； 2.为……伴奏implement['implimənt, 'impliment]vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等）constraint [kən'streint] n.1.强制；2强制因素，制约条件precedent[pri'si:dənt, 'presi-] n.先例，前例simplify['simplifai] vt.简化tendency['tendənsi] n.趋势，倾向managerial[,mæni'dʒiəriəl] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2管理上的，经营上的maker['meikə] n.制造者；制造商achievement[ə'tʃi:vmənt] n.1.完成，达到；2成就，成绩attain[ə'tein] vt.达到；完成optimal['ɔptiməl] a.最适宜的；最理想的suboptimization[sʌb,ɔptimai-'zeiʃən, -mi'z-] n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现）trade-off n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2物物交换argue['ɑɡju:] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2用辩论证明budget['bʌdʒit]n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算；2安排，预定scheme[ski:m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划define[di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2限定，规定multiple ['mʌltipl] a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数profitability[,prɑfɪtə'bɪlətɪ]n.赚钱，获利correctness[kə'rektnis] n.正确，正确性unintended[,ʌnin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing['ɔn,ɡəuiŋ, 'ɔ:n-] a.进行中的，前进的entity['entəti] n.1.存在，实体；2统一性skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路；碍事make a guess at猜测moving ['mu:viŋ] a.1.活动的，移动的；2.动人的，令人感动的sensitive['sensitiv] a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的be affected with患有……疾病debate on 关于……进行辩论make request for 要求……be opposed to 反对open up1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话take……into account考虑到need for对……的需要opt out of 决定不参加……，决定（从……）中退出have……at heart对某事十分关心conspiracy[kən'spirəsi]n.1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派old-boy ['əuld'bɔi] n.1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄network['netwə:k] 1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络escalator['eskəleitə]n.自动扶梯privilege ['privilidʒ] n.特权；vt.给予……特权profession[prəu'feʃən] n. （尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）职业graduate['ɡrædʒuət, -eit, 'ɡrædjueit, -dʒu-] vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业；vt.[主美]准予……毕业；a.1.毕业的；2.研究生的；n.大学毕业生，[美]毕业生unfair[,ʌn'fεə] a.不公平的，不公正的employment[im'plɔimənt] n.1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作publish ['pʌbliʃ]vt.1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表senior ['si:njə] a.1.年长的，年纪较大的；2.地位较高的，资历较深的；3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的；n.1.年长者；2资历深者，上级appoint [ə'pɔint] vt.1.任命，委任（as）；2.私营的，私立的；3秘密的，私下的headmaster['hed'mɑ:stə, -mæstə] n.（中学或小学的）校长leading ['li:diŋ] a.1.领导的，指引的；2.最重要的，主要的bias['baiəs]n.偏见；v.[常用被动语态]有偏见（常与against， towards 连用）entry['entri] n.1.进入，入场（权），入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，账目merit['merit] n.1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳fiercely['fiəsli] ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地competitive[kəm'petitiv] a.竞争的；比赛的entrance['entrəns] n.1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学additional[ə'diʃənəl] a.附加的，追加的；另外的abolish [ə'bɔliʃ] vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消applicant['æplikənt] n.申请人，请求者performance[pə'fɔ:məns] n.1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏accessible[ək'sesəbl] a.1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to）；3可理解的（to）elite [ei'li:t, i'li:t] n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物；a.杰出的，精英的academic[,ækə'demik] a.1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的excellence['eksələns]n.优秀，杰出recruit[ri'kru:t] vt./vi.1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员equivalent [i'kwivələnt] a.1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价（物），等量（物）；2.对应词（或对应语）ivy['aivi]n.常青replicate['replikit, 'replikeit] vt.重复；复制elitist [ei'li:tist, i'-] n.1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者；adj.1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的remedial [ri'mi:diəl, -djəl] a.1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的prime[praim] a.1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的vision['viʒən]n.1.想象力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光classless[/'klɑ:slis/] a.1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的amount to 1.达到总计；2.相当于，等于on average 平均blame……for为……责备某人by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言be worth doing 值得做……slavery['sleivəri] n.1.奴隶制度，奴役；2.奴隶身份domestic[dəu'mestik] adj.1.家庭的，家务的；2.国内的，本国的；n.家仆，佣人Briton['britən] n.大不列颠人；英国人statistics[stə'tistiks] n.1.统计数字，统计资料；2.[用作单]统计学diplomat['dipləmæt] a.外交家；外交官abroad[ə'brɔ:d]ad.到国外；在国外exploit['eksplɔit, ik's-] vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削abuse [ə'bju:z, ə'bju:s]vt./n.1.滥用，妄用；2.虐待，凌辱campaign[kæm'pein]n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动sexually['sekʃuəli]ad.在性方面passport ['pɑ:spɔ:t, 'pæs-] n.护照Filipino [fili'pi:nəu] n.1.菲律宾人；2菲律宾语；a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的maid[meid] n.1.少女；2侍女，女仆execute['eksikju:t] vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2.将……处死convict[kən'vikt] vt.1.证明……有罪（of）；2.宣判；n.罪犯despite[di'spait] prep.尽管，任凭guilt[ɡilt] n.1.有罪；2.内疚deserving[di'zə:viŋ] a.应得的，值得的（of）Saudi['sɔ:di; sɑ:'u:di; 'saudi]n.沙特阿拉伯人；a.沙特阿拉伯的，沙特阿拉伯人的，沙特阿拉伯语的Breadwinner['bred,winə] n.养家糊口的人shelf[ʃelf] n.（壁橱，书橱内）搁板；架子minimum ['miniməm] n.最小量；最低限度；a.最小的；最低的；最少的employee[,emplɔi'i:, em'plɔii:]n.雇员，雇工leaflet['li:flit] n.1.小叶，嫩叶；2.传单，活页incidence['insidəns] n.1.影响程度，影响范围；2. 发生率immigrant['imiɡrənt] a.（从国外）移民的，侨民的；n.移民，侨民status['steitəs, 'stæ-] n.1.情形，状况；2.地位，身份kingdom['kiŋdəm] n.1.王国；2.领域concession [kən'seʃən]n.1.让步；2.特许权；3.租界，租界地immigration [,imi'ɡreiʃən]n.移居；外来的移民foreigner['fɔrinə]n.外国人deport[di'pɔ:t] vt.驱逐出境bring over 把……带来；使转变convict…of证明……有罪，宣判……有罪be deserving o f 值得；应得be supposed to 应该gang[ɡæŋ] n.1.一队，一族；2.（囚犯，歹徒等）一群，一帮eyewitness['ai,witnis] n.目击者；见证人unison ['ju:nizən] n.一致；协调interstate ['intəsteit, intə's-] a.[主美]州际的BBC 英国广播公司Correspondent[,kɔ:ri'spɔndənt] n .1.对应物；2.新闻通讯员，记者，通信者shackle ['ʃækl]n.1.[常pl.]镣铐；2.[pl.]束缚，枷锁ditch [ditʃ] n.沟，沟渠，vt./vi.开渠，筑渠weed [wi:d] n.1.杂草，野草；2.水生植物；vt.除草，拔草deny[di'nai] vt.1.否定，否认；2.拒绝接受，拒绝给予re-introduction[,riɪntrə'dʌkʃən] n.重新采用，重新引入gap[ɡæp]n.裂口，裂缝toilet['tɔilit]n.盥洗室；厕所circus['sə:kəs] n.1.马戏团，杂技团；2.马戏场，杂技场degrade['di'ɡreid]vt.1.降级，贬低；2.堕落；3.退化plantation[plæn'teiʃən] n.1.种植园，大农场；2.植树造林spokesman ['spəuksmən] n.发言人；代言人racist['reisist] n.种族主义者；a.种族主义的；种族歧视的racial ['reiʃəl] a.种族的inhumane[,imhju:'mein] a.不人道的，残忍的ineffective [,ini'fektiv] a .无效的，不起作用的civil ['sivəl] n.1.国民的，民用的；2.国内的，民间的union['ju:niən] n.1.工会，协会；2结合，联合liberty ['libəti] n.1.自由，自由权；2.冒昧，失礼；3.[常pl.]特许权，特权punishment['pʌniʃmənt] n.1.处罚，罚，刑罚；2.折磨，损害disaffection[,disə'fekʃən] n.不满argument['ɑ:ɡjumənt]n.1.争论，辩论；2.论据，理由watch over看守，照管，监视in unison 完全一致地call up 1.打电话；2使想起，使忆起blues[blu:z] n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯（源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调）；2.慢四步舞rock'n'roll ['rɔkən'rəul]n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞folk[fəuk]n.1.人们；2.[口]家属，亲属；a.民间的musician[mju:'ziʃən] n.音乐家；作曲家transformation [,trænsfə'meiʃən, ,trænz-, trɑ:n-] n.1.变化，转化；2改造，改革rhythmic ['riðmik, 'riθ-] a.有韵律的；有节奏的musically['mju:zikəli] ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地distinct [dis'tiŋkt] a.1.与其他不同的，独特的；2.明显的consciousness['kɔnʃəsnis]n.意识，知觉；觉悟youthful['ju:θful] a.1.年轻的；2.朝气蓬勃的anti-war ['ænti'wɔ:] a.反战的sentiment['sentimənt] n.1.感情，情绪；2.感伤spontaneous[spɔn'teiniəs] a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的；2.出自自然的originate[ə'ridʒəneit] vi./vt.发源；发生，发起imitator['imiteitə（r）] n.模仿者Negro['ni:grəu] n.黑人；a.黑人的Eclecticism [e'klektisizəm] n.折衷主义synthesis['sinθisis] n.结合，合成jazz [dʒæz] n.爵士乐readily['redili]ad.1.乐意地；2很快地，容易地limitless['limitlis] a.无限制的，无限的instrument['instrumənt, 'instrə-, -ment] n.1.仪器；2.乐器electronic[,ilek'trɔnik] a.电子的amplifier['æmplifaiə] n.放大器guitar[ɡi'tɑ:] n.六弦琴，吉他electronics[,ilek'trɔniks] [复]n.[用作单]电子学studio['stju:diəu, 'stu:-]n.1.（艺术家的）工作室；2.（无线电，电视）播音室，演播室；3.电影制片厂penetrating['penitreitiŋ] 1.穿透的，贯穿的；2.深刻的，透彻的thereby[,ðεə'bai, 'ðεəbai]ad.由此，从而passive ['pæsiv] a.1.被动的；2.消极的participant[pɑ:'tisipənt] n.参加者；a.参与的multimedia[,mʌlti'mi:diə] a.1.多种手段的；2.多媒体的；同时使用形、光、声效果的；n.多媒体，多媒体的使用ballroom['bɔ:lru:m] n.舞厅lighting['laitiŋ]n.照明，照明设备take place 发生take over 1.接管，接任；2.把……从一处运到另一处take on 1.具有；2.担任（工作等）；3.雇佣composer[kəm'pəuzə] n.作曲家inspire[in'spaiə]vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感fruitful['fru:tful] a.有成果的，有收获的output['autput, ,aut'put]n.1.产量；2.输出theme [θi:m]n.1.题目，主题；2.主旋律invariably[in'vɛəriəbli] ad.不变地improvise['imprəvaiz]vt.1.即兴创作；2.临时准备，临时凑成symphony['simfəni] n.1.交响曲，交响乐；2.交响乐队，交响音乐会handle ['hændl] n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵3.经营，管理constructive [kən'strʌktiv] a.建设的，建设性的creative[kri'eitiv] a.创造性的notebook['nəutbuk]n.笔记本preliminary[pri'liminəri] a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛painstaking['peinz,teikiŋ]] a.苦干的；费力的traditionalist [trə'diʃənəlist]n.传统主义者；因循守旧者thematic[θi'mætik, θi:-] a.1.题目的，主题的；2.主旋律的conception[kən'sepʃən] n.概念，观念well-established['weli'stæbliʃt]a.1.固定下来的；2.得到确认的temper ['tempə] vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼；2.调合well（-）tempered ['wel'tempəd] 1.脾气好的；2.（键盘乐器）调到平均律的clavichord ['klævikɔ:d] n.[音]击弦古钢琴mold [məuld] n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸sake[seik]n.缘故completeness[kəm'pli:tnis] n.1.完整，圆满；2.完成，结束summarize['sʌməraiz] vt./vi.概述，总结diversified [dai'və:sifaid, di-] a.多样化的conventional[kən'venʃənəl] a.1.惯例的，常规的；2.（艺术等）因袭的experimental[ek,speri'mentəl, ek's-] a.实验的；经验的harmony['hɑ:məni] n.1.协调，和谐；2.融洽，一致sonority ['səu'nɔ:rəti, -'nɔ-] n.响亮，洪亮evident['evidənt] a.明显的，明白的in other words 换句话说in a sense 在某种意义上at a stretch连续不断地serve as 适合belong in 应归入（类别、范畴等）in advance 1.在前面；2.预先It goes without saying不言而喻，理所当然for the sake of 为了……之好处；为了……的目的efficiency[i'fiʃənsi] n.1.效率；2.功效，效能，实力robotics [rəu'bɔtiks]n.[用作单]机器人学，机器人技术robot['rəubɔt, -bət, 'rɔbət] n.机器人；自动控制装置increasingly[in'kri:siŋli]ad.不断增加地prevalent['prevələnt] a.流行的，普通的automotive[,ɔ:təu'məutiv] a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的weld[weld] vt./n.焊接spray[sprei] n.1.浪花，水花；2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散cast [kɑ:s, kæst]vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射（光、影，视线等）（on，at）；3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员（阵容）frame[freim]n.构架，框架install [in'stɔ:l]vt.安装appliance [ə'plaiəns] n.1.应用，适用；2.用具，器械calculator ['kælkjuleitə] n.1.计算者；2.计算器radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv] a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的personnel [,pə:sə'nel] n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门）expose[ik'spəuz] vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发radiation [,reidi'eiʃən]n.1.放射，发光；2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能reduction[ri'dʌkʃən]n.1.减少，减小；2.降级，降职；3.归纳，归并automatic[,ɔ:tə'mætik] a.1.自动的；2.无意识的，机械的reprogramme['ri：'prəugræm] v.再次（重新）设定程序completion [kəm'pli:ʃən] n.完成，结束；完满specific [spi'sifik] a.1.特有的，特定的；2.具体的，明确的switch [switʃ]n.1.开关，转换器；2.（思路、话题等的）转换；vt.1.转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2.接通……电流（on），切断……电流（off）；vi.转换，变换critical['kritikəl] a.1.批评（性）的，批判（性）的；2.对……表示谴责的，对……感到不满的（of）；3.紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital['didʒitəl] a.1.手指的，指状的；2.数字的，计数的camera['kæmərə] n.照相机，摄影机light-sensitive[,lait'sensitiv] a.光敏的intensity[in'tensəti] n.强烈，剧烈grayscale['grei,skeil] 灰度（使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调）brightness['braitnis] n.1.明亮，晴朗；2.聪敏，机灵scale[skeil]n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例（尺）；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤shade [ʃeid]n.1.荫，阴影；2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光calculation[,kælkju:leiʃən] n.1.计算，计算结果；2.仔细考虑defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的；有缺陷的assemble[ə'sembl] vt.1.集合；2.装配；vi.集合attendant [ə'tendənt] n.1.侍者，服务员；2.出席者fireman['faiəmən]n.消防队员housekeeper['haus,ki:pə]n.管理家务的主妇；女管家expose to 暴露；面临；曝露in that 在于，原因是in between 在中间；每间隔；在……期间in question 正被谈论的plenty of 大量的；丰富的earthquake['ə:θkweik]n.地震warning['wɔ:niŋ] n.警告；警报；a.警告的forecast['fɔ:kɑ:st] vt.1.预测，预报；2.预示giant['dʒaiənt]n.1.巨大；2.巨物，巨大的动物；a.巨大的shift[ʃift]vt./vi.1.替换；转移；2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移；2.轮班fault [fɔ:lt]n.1.缺点，毛病；2.错误，过失；3.[地]断层seismic ['saizmik, 'sais-] a.地震的precede [pri:'si:d, pri-] vt.先于……，比……优先；vi.在前面，居前，领先radon ['reidɔn] n.氡decay [di'kei]vi.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败；3.[原]衰变；vt.使腐朽，使腐烂；n.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败radium ['reidiəm]n.镭underground['ʌndəɡraund]a.1.地下的；2.秘密的，隐蔽的；ad.1.在地下；2秘密地，隐蔽地speculate['spekjuleit] vi.思索；推测（on/upon， about）；vt.1.投机；2.思索，推测subside[səb'said] vi.1.沉淀；2.沉降，下沉；3.平静下来，平息，减退datum['deitəm] 1.资料，材料，2.数据reliability [ri,laiə'biləti] n.可靠性partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] a.1.偏袒的，偏心的，对……偏袒（to）；2.部分的，不完全的up-to-date['ʌptə'deit] a.1.最新的，现代化的；2.直至目前的analyze ['ænəlaiz] vt.分析eastern ['i:stən] a.1.东方的，东部的；2.向东方的，来自东方的work on 1.从事……；2.对……有影响set up 1.设立，建立；2.建立，提出on the alert警戒，处于戒备状态leadership ['li:dəʃip] n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员research [ri'sə:tʃ, 'ri:s-] n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究attach[ə'tætʃ] vt.（to）1.固定住，系；2.附加，隶属；3.把（重点等）放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋possession[pə'zeʃən] n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产satisfaction [,sætis'fækʃən] n.满意，满足relaxation[,ri:læk'seiʃən] n.1.松弛，放松；2.缓和，减轻；3.休养desirable[di'zaiərəbl] a.称心的，合意的，理想的occupation [,ɔkju'peiʃən] n.1.占领；2.占有；ɔ.职业portray [pɔ:'trei, pəu-] vt.描绘；描写；描述urban ['ə:bən] a.城市的，都市的stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的；压力重的loom [lu:m] vi.隐隐呈现；逼近renewal [ri'nju:əl] n.1.更新；2重新开始underlie[,ʌndə'lai]vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础acquire [ə'kwaiə]vt.获得，得到recognition [,rekəg'niʃən] n.1.认出；2.承认，公认impart[im'pɑ:t] vt.把……分给；给予（to）positive['pɔzətiv, -zi-] a.1.明确的，确实的；2.积极的，肯定的；3.正的，阳性的motivate['məutiveit] vt.作为…的动机，激发relevant['reləvənt] a.1.贴切的，中肯的；2.与……有关的（to）communicator [kə'mju:nikeitə] n.传播者，传播工作者participation[pɑ:tisi'peiʃən]n.参加，参与attainment[ə'teinmənt] n.1.达到，到达；2.[常pl.]成就，造诣be concerned with 1.关于，涉及；2.忙于……；3.关心，关切attach importance to认为……很重要take to 1.开始从事；2.养成……的习惯3.培养对……的爱好put……to use使用；利用be relevant to 与……有关on the part of就……而言set……as objective把……作为目标elusive[i'lju:siv,-səri] a.1.躲避的；2.难以捉摸的，难以理解的tricky['triki] a.1.狡猾的，耍花招的；2.难以处理的slip[slip]vi.1.滑动，滑过；2.溜，溜走；vt.使滑动；使滑过quicksand['kwiksænd] n.流沙oversupply[,əuvəsə'plai, 'əuvəsə,plai] vt./n.过多供应wayside['weisaid]n.路边；2.路边的flexible['fleksibl] a.1.柔韧的，柔顺的；2.可变通的，灵活的readjustment[,ri:ə'dʒʌstmənt] n.再整理，再调整project['prɔdʒekt, 'prəu, prə'dʒekt] n.1.设计，规划；2.项目；vt.1.方案，计划；2.投射，映射3.使突出appointment[ə'pɔintmənt] n.1.任命；2.约会weekly['wi:kli] a.每周的；一周一次的；ad.每周；每周一次；n.周刊，周报adjustment[ə'dʒʌstmənt]n.调整realistic[,riə'listik, ,ri:-] a.1.现实的，实际的；2.逼真的；3.现实主义的，现实主义者的underestimate[,ʌndə'estimeit] vt.低估；看轻overestimate[,əuvər'estimeit, -'estimət]vt.过高估计；过高评价emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] n.紧急情况；突发事件routine [ru:'ti:n] n.日常工作；例行手续，常规；2.日常的；例行的；常规的crash [kræʃ] a.紧急的，速成的inflexible[in'fleksəbl] a.1.不可弯曲的，僵硬的；2.不可改变的，固执的adjust[ə'dʒʌst]vt.1.调整，调节；2.校准deem [di:m] vt.认为，相信assignment [ə'sainmənt] n.1.分配，委派；2.任务，（课外）作业freshman['freʃmən] n.1新手，生手；2.大学一年级学生kid[kid]vt./vi./n.1.戏弄，开玩笑；2.欺骗，哄骗faithfully ['feiθfuli]adv忠诚地；如实地temptation [temp'teiʃən]n.引诱，诱惑look ahead to 向前看；展望未来allocate……for分配给……；配给fall by the wayside半途而废，中途退出hang up 1.把……挂起来；2.挂断（电话）；3.延迟，拖延throw off 扔掉；摆脱work out 做出；制定出retention [ri'tenʃən] n.保持；保留distract[dis'trækt] vt.分散（注意，心思等）；使人分心adversely [æd'və:sli] ad.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地appreciate[ə'pri:ʃieit] vt.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价，鉴别；3感激，感谢contrary ['kɔntrəri] a.相反的，相对的，与……相反（to）mislead [,mis'li:d] vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错motivation[,məuti'veiʃən] n.动机；动力inefficient [,ini'fiʃənt] a.无效的；效率低的exceptional [ik'sepʃənəl] a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的hinder ['hində] vt.阻止；妨碍typical['tipikəl] a.典型的，代表性的to date 到目前为止attend to 专心；注意；照顾make the grade 取得成功，达到理想标准fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃be true of 符合于……，对……适用classify [/'klæsifai/] vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级；2.把……列为（as）aged ['eidʒid] a.年老的，老的northwestern[,nɔ:θ'westən] a.1.在西北的，向西北的；2.来自西北的approximate [ə'prɔksimit，ə'prɔksimeit] a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近（to）paradox ['pærədɔks] 1.似非而可能是的论点；2.自相矛盾的话proportion [prəu'pɔ:ʃən] n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称dependency [ di'pendənsi] n.从属；依赖（on）advantageous [,ædvən'teidʒəs] a.有利的，有助的liability [,laiə'biləti] n.1.责任，义务；2.[pl.]债务，负债；3.不利条件，妨碍的人（或物）inactive [in'æktiv] a.不活动的；不活跃的appreciation[ə,pri:ʃi'eiʃən] n.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价；3.感激，感谢salient['seiljənt, -liənt] a.1.突出的，凸起的；2.显著的resettlement[ri'setlmənt;]n.重新定居，重新安置acknowledge[ək'nɔlidʒ] vt.1.承认；2.表示感谢fore [fɔ:] ad.在前面；a.1.先时的，先前的；2.在前部的；n.前部gathering ['ɡæðəriŋ] n.1.聚集；2.集会birthrate ['bə:θreit]n.出生率elsewhere [,els'hwεə] ad.在别处；向别处demography[di:'mɔɡrəfi] n.人口统计学alter['ɔ:ltə] vt./vi.改变，改动experiential[ik,spiəri'enʃəl] a.经验的；凭经验的continued[kən'tinju:d] a.继续的，连续的lengthen['leŋθən] vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸wealthy ['welθi] a.富裕的；丰富的neglect [ni'ɡlekt] vt.1.忽视，忽略；2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽expectation[,ekspek'teiʃən] n.1.期待；2.估计寿命slippery ['slipəri] a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的demographer [di:'mɔɡrəfə] n.人口学家revision[ri'viʒən]n.修订，修改upwards ['ʌpwədz] ad.向上；趋向上升approximate to与……接近to the fore 1.在前面，到前面；2.在显著地位resistance to 对……的阻力esteem [i'sti:m] vt./n.尊敬，尊重cope[kəup] vi.对付，妥善处理（with）parenting ['pεərəntiŋ] n.父母对孩子的养育tone[təun]n.1.音调，音色；2.腔调，语气；3.[语]声调，语调infant'infənt]n.婴儿，幼儿；a.婴儿的，幼儿的lovable['lʌvəbl] a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的manageable['mænidʒəbl] a.易管理的unlovable[,ʌn'lʌvəbl] a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的worthless['wə:θlis] a.1.无价值的，无用的；2.不足道的，不可取的ultimately ['ʌltimətli] ad.最后，最终地self-defeating [,selfdi'fi:tiŋ] a.1.自我挫败的；2.有违被衰的crisis ['kraisis] n.1危机；2.决定性时刻withdraw[wið'drɔ:, wiθ-]vt.1.收回，提取；2.撤退，撤销；vi.1.撤退，退出；2.退缩，逃避现实inconsiderate [,inkən'sidərət] a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人outcome ['autkʌm]n.1.结果，结局；2.出路，出口reinforcement[,ri:in'fɔ:smənt] n.增强，加固；强化tangible['tændʒəbl] a.1.可触摸的，可感知的；2.确实的，真实的attribute[ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t]n.1.属性，特征；2.[语]定语；vt.把……归因于（to）fold[fəuld] vt./vi.折叠；对折； n.褶（痕）appropriate [ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət] a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的cope with 对付；处理no other……than 1.除……外没有，只有；2.正是，就是take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……便宜act out 1.将……表演出来；2.（用行动）表示出来election [i'lekʃən] n.选举；选举权presidential [,prezi'denʃəl] a.总统（或校长）的，总统（或校长等）职务的winner['winə] n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者republican [ri'pʌblikən] a.1.共和国的；2.[R-]（美国）共和党的；n.1.共和主义者；2.[R-]共和党党员democratic[,demə'krætik,-kəl] a.民主的，民主主义的nominee [,nɔmi'ni:] n.被提名者；被任命者vote [vəut] n.1.选举，投票；2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举certainty ['sə:tənti] n.一定；必定nomination [,nɔmi'neiʃən] n.提名；任命loyalty ['lɔiəlti] n.忠诚；忠心decline[di'klain]vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落democrat['deməkræt] n.1.民主主义者，民主人士；2.[D-]民主党党员voter['vəutə] n.选举人，投票人strategically [strə'ti:dʒikəli] ad.战略上地，颇具策略地pursue [pə'sju:, -'su:] vt.1.追赶；2.追求，寻求；3.进行，从事impact ['impækt, im'pækt] n.1.冲击，碰拦；2.效果，影响；vt.装紧，压紧headquarters [,hed'kwɔ:təz][复]n.1.司令部，指挥部；2.（机构，企业）总部，总店economy[i'kɔnəmi] n.1.经济；2.节约strategist['strætidʒist] n.战略家rating['reitiŋ] n.1.等级，规格；2.评定结果，（电视）收视率poll[pəul] n.1.选举，投票；2.民意测验；vt1.得到选票；2.对……进行民事测验；vi.投票stir[stə:] vt.1.搅拌，搅动；2.激起，打动；vi.微动；活动；n.惊动；轰动strategy['strætidʒi] n.战略；策略constitutional [,kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] a.1.宪法上规定的；2.组成的，构成的provision [prəu'viʒən] n.1.供应，供应品；2.条款，规定；3.[常pl.]给养，口粮electoral [i'lektərəl] a.选举的representation [,reprizen'teiʃən] n.1.描写，表现；2.代表，代理congress['kɔŋɡres, kən'ɡres]n.1.（代表）大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]（美法等的）参议院，上院House [haus, hauz] n.[英]议院district ['distrikt] n.1.区，行政区；2.地区，区域representative [,repri'zentətiv] n.代表，代表人；a.典型的，有代表性的presidency ['prezidənsi]n.1.总统（或校长，会长，行长等）职务（或职权，任期）；2.管辖overwhelming[,əuvə'hwelmiŋ] a.压倒之势的stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望identify……as把……看作impact on 对……之影响contest ['kɔntest, kən'test] n.1.竞争，比赛；2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩rivalry ['raivəlri] n.竞争；对抗dozen ['dʌzən] n.1.一打，十二个；2.十来个，十几个nominate ['nɔmineit, 'nɔminət, -neit]vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名electorate [i'lektərət] n.全体选民；选区inevitably[in'evitəbli]ad.不可避免地，必然地dominance['dɔminəns,-nənsi] n.优势，控制，统治assault[ə'sɔ:lt] n.1.攻击，袭击；2.（军）冲击，突击，强击parliamentary[,pɑ:lə'mentəri] a.议会的，国会的congressman ['kɔŋɡresmən] n.（美）国会议员statistically[stə'tistikli] ad.在统计方面dominant['dɔminənt] a.占优势的；支配的majority[mə'dʒɔriti] n.1.多数，大半；2.多数党，多数派automatically[,ɔ:tə'mætikəli]ad.自动地；习惯性地competitor [kəm'petitə] n.竞争者；对手running['rʌniŋ] n.1.跑，赛跑；2.竞选inevitable [in'evitəbl] a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的peaceful ['pi:sful] a.1.平静的，安宁的；2.和平的，和平方式的transfer [træns'fə:] vt.1.转移，传输；2调动；3.改变；vi.1.转移，转学；2.换车；换船；n.转移，传输，变换overturn [,əuvə'tə:n, 'əuvətə:n] vt./n.1.打翻，使翻过来；2.推翻，颠覆，毁灭；vi.翻身；倒下foolproof ['fu:l,pru:f] a.1.连傻子都懂的；2.不会出毛病的； 3.有安全装置的monopoly[mə'nɔpəli] n.垄断；专卖opposition [,ɔpə'ziʃən] n.1.反对，反抗；2.对立，意见相反monopolize [mə'nɔpəlaiz] v.垄断；专卖moderation[,mɔdə'reiʃən] n.1.温和，适度；2.缓和，减轻legislation[,ledʒis'leiʃən] n.1.立法；2.法律，法规temporarily ['tempərərili, ,tempə'rεə-]ad.暂时地，临时地break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解in the running 参赛，参加竞选in power 掌权的，执政的out of power丧失权力in favour of 1.赞成，支持；2.为……的利益，有利于；3.支付给come into power 上台；开始掌权carry on 1.经营，进行；ɑ.继续anaesthetics[,ænis'θetiks] n.麻醉学vaccine ['væksi:n]n.牛痘苗；疫苗；a.牛痘的；疫苗的diabetes [,daiə'bi:ti:z] n.糖尿病developmental [di,veləp'mentəl] a.1.发展的，开发的；2.促使成长的，起改进作用的disorder [dis'ɔ:də] n.1.混乱；2.失调，紊乱；vt.使混乱；使失调irrelevant[i'reləvənt] a.不相干的，离题的，与……不相干（to）misleading[,mis'li:diŋ] a.引入歧途的；使人误解的irresponsible[,iri'spɔnsəbl] a.无责任感的，不负责任的unethical[ʌn'eθikl] a.不合伦理的；不合道德的thalidomide [θə'lidəmaid] n.[药]萨立多胺（原用作中枢神经镇静剂，因有造成胎儿缺肢畸形的副作用，已被禁用）replacement[ri'pleismənt] n.1.复位，复职；2.替换，代替refinement[ri'fainmənt] n.精炼，精制simulate['simjuleit]vt……假装，冒充；ɑ.模仿，模拟cell [sel] 1.细胞；2.小房间，单人牢房toxicity [tɔk'sisəti] n.毒性eventual[i'ventʃuəl] a.最后的，结局的dose[dəus] n.（一次）剂量replace [ri'pleis]vt.1.把……放回（原处），使恢复（原职）；2.更换，以……替代tube [tju:b, tu:b] n.1.管，软管；2.电子管，真空管；3.[英]地铁partly ['pɑ:tli] ad.部分地；在一定程度上polio ['pəuliəu]n.[医]脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症biomedical[,baiəu'medikəl] a.生物医学的ethics ['eθiks] n.[pl.]1.[用作单]伦理学；2.伦理观，道德标准undergo [,ʌndə'ɡəu] vt.经历，经受；忍受suitable['sju:təbl] a.合适的；适当的rabbit ['ræbit] n.兔litter ['litə]n.1.（供动物睡眠或植物防冻的）干草；2.杂乱无章；3.（猫狗等）一窝（仔畜）；4.[总称]乱丢的东西（尤指废纸等杂物）；vt.1.为（动物）铺草；2.（多产动物）产（仔）；3.乱丢refine [ri'fain]vt.1.提纯，精制；2.使精美，使改进；vt.1.精炼，提纯；2.变优雅regeneration[ri,dʒenə'reiʃən, ri:-] n.新生，再生，复兴paralyse['pærəlaiz] vt.1.使麻痹，使瘫痪；2.使无力，使气馁regrow[ri:'ɡrəu] vt.再生长，重新生长reproduce[,ri:prə'dju:s]vt.1.繁殖；2.再生产，再生长（器官）；2.复制；4.再现，重现sacrifice to 向……献祭；为……而牺牲；为……而失去do research into 进行……的研究be central to 对……极为重要的do experiment on 用……做实验be irrelevant to 与……不相干；不切题test on 对……进行试验aim for瞄准；以……为目标pet [pet] n.宠物，爱畜；a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的delightful[di'laitful] a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的humanity [hju:'mænəti] n.1.人性，博爱，仁慈；2.人类negative['neɡətiv] a.1.否定的，否认的；2.反面的，消极的；3.[数]负的，[电]阴性的；n.1.负片，底片；2.负数remark [ri'mɑ:k]vt.说，评论；vi.评论，议论（on）；n.评论，看法touching ['tʌtʃiŋ] a.动人的，使人感伤的going['ɡəuiŋ]n.进行状况；a.进行中的；现行的coming ['kʌmiŋ] a.正在到来的，即将来到的；n.来到，到达literal['litərəl] a.1.精确的，如实的；2.逐字的，字面的grant[ɡrɑ:nt, ɡrænt]vt.同意；准予；n.1.同意，授予；2.拨款contented [kən'tentid] a.满足的，满意的serene [si'ri:n] a.安详的；宁静的contemplate['kɔntəm,pleit] vt.1.注视，凝视；2.沉思plea[pli:] n.1.请求，恳求；2.托词devotion [di'vəuʃən] n.献身，忠诚ownership['əunəʃip] n.1.拥有；2.所有权，所有制imperative [im'perətiv] a.1.绝对必要的，迫切的；2.命令，强制的；3.[语]祈使的stricken ['strikən] I. strike的过去分词 II.a.1.被打中的，被击伤的；2（常用以构成复合词）受灾的，受侵袭的relief [ri'li:f]n.1.（痛苦，压迫等）减轻，宽慰；2.救济donation [dəu'neiʃən] n.捐献；赠送afflict [ə'flikt] vt.使苦恼，折磨deprive[di'praiv] vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去（of）individualistic['indi,vidjuə'listik, -dʒu-] a.个人主义（者）的prevail[pri'veil, pri:-]vi.1.胜过（over， against）；2.流行，盛行starvation [stɑ:'veiʃən] n.饥饿；饿死kwashiorkor [,kwɑ:ʃi'ɔ:kə] n.[医]恶性营养不良症deficiency[di'fiʃənsi] n.缺乏，不足starve [stɑ:v] vi.1.饿死；2.挨饿；3.极需，渴望（for）；vt.使饿死；使挨饿sustain [sə'stein] vt.1.支撑，承受住；2.供养，维持unreasonable[,ʌn'ri:zənəbl] a.1.不讲道理的，非理智的；2.不合情理的，过度的bring out 1.使显现，显示；2生产，使产生attach……to使……与……相关，把……附加到goings and comings 1.来往；2.活动，发生的事take……for granted 1.认为真实；2.视为当然at ease 自在的，舒适的plea for 恳求；请求not that……并不是说not （never） for a moment 决不；从不break in on（upon） 1.打扰；2.打断，闯进feel bitter at 对……怀恨seize hold of 1.抓住；2.占有daydream['deidri:m] vi./n.白日做梦symptom['simptəm] n.症状，征兆habitual[hə'bitjuəl] a.1.习惯性的，习以为常的2.惯常的，已成规则的maladjustment [,mælə'dʒʌstmənt] n.1.失调；2.不适应环境compensatory[kəm'pensətəri] a.赔偿，补偿的equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm]n.1.平衡，均衡，平均，相称；2.均势；3.（心情的）平静；4.（判断上的）不偏不倚intellectual[,intə'lektjuəl, -tʃuəl] n.知识分子；a.智力的，理智的detail ['di:teil, di'teil] n.细节，详情；vt.详述，详细说明enhance [in'hɑ:ns, -hæns] vt.提高；增强spur [spə:] vt.1.用催马刺催促（马）；2.激励，鞭策；n.1.踢马刺；2.刺激（物），激励，鼓舞initial [i'niʃəl] a.1.最初的，开始的；2.词首的；n.首字母inventor [in'ventə] n.发明者，创造者waylay[,wei'lei, 'weilei] vt.伏击；拦住……问讯muse [mju:z] v./n.沉思，冥想confront[kən'frʌnt] vt.1.面对，遭遇；2.正视，对抗painter ['peintə] n.漆工；画家sensitivity [,sensi'tiviti] n.敏感性；灵敏度inner ['inə] a.1.内部的，里面的；2.思想的，精神的；n.内部；里面reflection [re'flekʃən] n.1.反射，反映，映像；2.深思，考虑creativity[,kriei'tiviti] n.创造性effortless['efətlis] a.1.不作努力的；2.不费力的，容易的dreamlike ['dri:mlaik] a.梦一般的，梦幻的surrounding [sə'raundiŋ] n.[pl.]周围的事物；环境；a.周围的character['kærəktə]n.1.性格，品质；2.特性，特征；3.人物，角色；4.（书写或印刷）符号，（汉）字thinker['θiŋkə] n.思想家；思考者steadily ['stedili] ad.稳固地；稳定地vividly ['vividli] ad.鲜明地；生动地drift [drift] n.1.漂流；2.趋势，倾向；vi.漂流；漂泊；vt.使漂流trace [treis] n.1.痕迹，踪迹；2.微量，少许；vt.跟踪，查找undisturbed [,ʌndi'stə:bd] a.不受干扰的；宁静的tune[tju:n, tu:n] n.1.曲调，曲子；2.和谐，协调；vt.1.为（乐器）调音；2.和谐，调节midst[midst] n.中间，当中；prep.（=amidst）在……当中impoverished[im'pɔvəriʃt] a.贫困的，赤贫的well-being ['wel'bi:ŋ] n.1.健康；2.福利，幸福modest ['mɔdist] a.1.谦虚的，谦恭的；2.适中的，不过分的investment [in'vestmənt] n.投资；（时间，精力的）投入excitement[ik'saitmənt] n.刺激；兴奋to excess过分，过度，过量substitute……for用……代替……be contrary to 与……相反in reality 实际上，事实上put off 1.延期；2.消除；3.阻碍let go of 放手；放开be confronted with 面临，面对draw on 1.用做来源，依靠；2.临近gaze at凝视，注视be unaware of 不知道……，没觉察到……dream of 梦见；梦想in one's mind's eye 在脑海里at sea 1.在海上，在航海中；2.迷惑，茫然go over 1.越过，渡过；2.仔细检查impress……on使……铭记，牢记be free from 没有……的；不受……的put aside 1.放在一边，撇开；2.储存be beneficial to对……有益add up to 1.总和是；2.[口]总起来意味着perchance [pə'tʃɑ:ns] ad.[古]1.偶然，意外地；2.可能，或许miserable['mizərəbl] a.悲惨的；可怜的far-fetched ['fɑ:'fetʃt] a.1.牵强的；2.未必会的，靠不住的veteran['vetərən] n.1.老兵，老手；2.[美]退伍军人；a.老练的；经验丰富的administration [əd,mini'streiʃən] n.1.管理，经营；2.行政，行政机关sleepy['sli:pi] a.困倦的，嗜睡的link[liŋk] n.环节，联系；vt.用环连接；联系elude [i'lju:d] vt.（巧妙地）逃避，躲避respectively[ri'spektivli]ad.各自地，分别地definitive[di'finitiv] a.1.决定的，确定的；2.限定的，明确的evolve[i'vɔlv]vt.1.使发展，使形成，制定；2.引申出，推论；vi.1.进展；2.进化differ ['difə] vi.1.不同，相异（from）；2.与……意见不同（from， with）surprisingly [sə'praiziŋli]ad.惊人地；出乎意料地namely['neimli] ad.即，也就是plus[plʌs]prep.加，加上；a.1.正的；2.附加的acronym ['ækrəunim] n.首字母缩略词eyeball['aibɔ:l] n.眼球correlation [,kɔ:ri'leiʃən] n.相互关系，关联physiology[,fizi'ɔlədʒi] n.生理学unhappy [,ʌn'hæpi]n.1.不快乐的，愁苦的；2.不幸的dreamer ['dri:mə] n.1.做梦的；2.空想家volunteer[,vɔlən'tiə] n.志愿者；志愿兵；a.志愿的；vi.志愿identity [ai'dentəti] n.1.同一，一致；2.身份，本体primarily ['praimərəli, prai'me-] ad.1.首先，起初；2.首要地，主要地merry['meri] a.欢乐的，愉快的psychology [psai'kɔlədʒi] n.1.心理学；2.心理location [ləu'keiʃən] n.1.定位，测位；2.位置，场所reinforce[,ri:in'fɔ:s] vt.1.增援，支援；2加强，增加；3.进一步证实influence on 对……的影响break into 分成（部分）check into 调查compel[kəm'pel] vt.强迫（to）rightly ['raitli] ad.1公正地，正当地；2.合适地，恰当地laborer ['leibərə] n.劳动者；工人antithesis [æn'tiθisis] n.1.对偶（修辞学）对句；2.对立，对立面。

1.budgetvt. 为…做预算，编制预算The government has budgeted ￡10，000，000 for education spending.政府将100万英镑编入教育预算。

vi. (为特定的目的)节省或用钱We have to budget for the coming year now. 我们现在就得为明年做预算。

n.[C,U]预算The chancellor’s budget must be approved by Parliament. 首相的预算必须得到议会的批准。

a.便宜的，廉价的Budget dresses are on sale.【考点】1）budget 用作动词时，通常与for 连用，构成budget sth. for sth. 或budget for sth. 结构。

例句如上。

2）常用短语：balance one’s budget 量入为出，平衡预算；with/below budget 在预算内，低于预算；budget account预算账户【记忆技巧】budgetary a.预算的；budgeteer ,budgeter n.编预算的人2.interactionn.[C,U] 交流；相互作用，相互影响，合作This is called interaction of electrons.这就叫电子的相互作用。

The teacher noticed the interaction between students and teachers. 那位教师注意到了师生间的相互影响。

【考点】1)interaction 常与among/between sb./sth. 连用，例句如上2）interaction 还可以与with sb./sth. 连用，如：interaction with each other at parties 聚会中的互相交往【记忆技巧】interact v.相互作用，相互影响，互相合作；interactive a.(指至少两个人或物)一起活动或互相合作的，交互式的3.assessvt.估价，评价It’s difficult to assess the effects of the new legislation just yet. 还很难评价新法规的影响。

（一）organizational [`3：g4nai'zei54nl] a.组织（上）的goal [g4ul] n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门objective [3b'd9ektiv] n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2.如实的，无偏见的accomplish [4'k8mpli5] vt.完成（任务等）predict [pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示accompany [4'k8mp4ni] vt.1.伴随，陪同；2.为……伴奏implement ['implim4nt] vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等）constraint [k4n'streint] n.1.强制；2.强制因素，制约条件precedent ['presid4nt] n.先例，前例simplify ['simplifai] vt.简化tendency ['tend4nsi] n.趋势，倾向managerial [`m1n4'd9i4ri4l] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2.管理上的，经营上的maker ['meik4] n.制造者；制造商achievement [4't5i：vm4nt] n.1.完成，达到；2.成就，成绩attain [4'tein] vt.达到；完成optimal ['3ptim4l] a.最适宜的；最理想的suboptimization [s8b`3ptimai'zei54n] n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现）trade-off ['treid 3f] n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2.物物交换argue ['2：gju：] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2.用辩论证明budget ['b8d9it] n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算；2.安排，预定scheme [ski：m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划define [di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2.限定，规定multiple ['m8ltipl] a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数profitability [`pr3fit4'biliti] n.赚钱，获利correctness [k4'rektnis] n.正确，正确性unintended ['8nin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing ['3n'g4ui6] a.进行中的，前进的entity ['entiti] n.1.存在，实体；2.统一性skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路；碍事make a guess at 猜测and the like 等等，诸如此类seek to 追求，争取in part 部分地，在某种程度上point of view 观点interview ['int4vju：] vt./n.1.面谈，采访；2.面试，口试criticism ['kritisiz4m] n.批评；评论candidate ['k1ndideit] n.1.候选人，候补者；2.应试者vague [veig] a.含糊的；不明确的notion ['n4u54n] 1. 概念；2.想法，看法prospect ['pr3spekt] n.1.展望，景象；2.[常pl.]前景，前程community [k4'mju：niti] n.社区；共同体unattractive [`8n4'tr1ktiv] a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的indifference [in'difr4ns] n.冷漠；不感兴趣（to）interviewer ['int4vju：4] n.接见者；面谈者personality [`p4：s4'n1liti] n.个性；人格；品格prospective [pr4s'pektiv] a.预期的；未来的speechless ['spi：t5lis] a.1.不会说话的；2.不说话的clarification [`kl1rifi'kei54n] n.澄清，阐明correspondence [`k3ris'p3nd4ns] n.1.符合，一致；2.通信photocopy ['f4ut4u`k3pi] vt./n.1.复印，影印；2.照相复制本resume ['rezju：mei]] n.1.摘要，梗概；2.个人简历inefficiency [`ini'fi54nsi] n.无效；效能差neat [ni：t] a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的conservative [k4n's4：v4tiv] a.1.保存的，防腐的；2.保守的，守旧的punk [p86k] n.1.（俚）阿飞；2.朋克（70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派）；a.颓废派的miniskirt ['minisk4：t] n.超短裙panel ['p1nl] n.专门小组intimidate [in'timideit] vt.恐吓，恫吓clutch [kl8t5] vt./vi.抓住，握紧grip [grip] vt./n.1.紧握，紧夹；2.掌握，控制painful ['peinful] a.1.痛苦的；2.费力的（二）rephrase ['ri'freiz] vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示apply for 申请day to day （=day-to-day）work 日常工作take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力put oneself in somebody's place 设身处地to one's advantage 对某人有利ask for 1.请求，向……要；2.寻找in hand 手头上有make sure 1.查明，弄确实；2.确信at a disadvantage 处于不利地位turn down 1.拒绝；2.调小或调低；3.翻下astronomer [4s'tr3n4m4] n.天文学家escape [is'keip] vi./vt.逃跑；避免；n.1.逃跑；2.逃路，出口exert [ig'z4：t] vt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）explode [iks'pl4ud] vt.使爆炸；vi.爆炸；突发density ['densiti] n.1.密集度，稠密度；2.[物][化]密度collapse [k4'l1ps] vt./vi./n（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解supernova [`sju：p4'n4uv4] n.[天]超新星daytime ['deitaim] n.白天，日间dwarf [dw3：f] n.1.矮子；2.[天]矮星（= ～star，如太阳）shrink [5ri6k] vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；vi./n.退缩，畏缩gravity ['gr1viti] n.1.严肃，认真；2.严重性，重要性；3.[物]重力，地球引力marble ['m2：bl] n.1. （游戏用的玻璃、石头等做的）弹子；2.大理石；a.大理石的，大理石般的boundary ['baund4ri] n.分界线，边界observer [4b'z4：v4] n.1.遵守者，奉行者；2.观察者，监视者interchangeable [`int4（：）'t5eind94bl] a.可交换的；可互换的constant ['k3nst4nt] a.1.永恒的，经久不变的；2.经常的，不断的；n.[数] 常数measurement ['me94m4nt] n.衡量，测量implication [`impli'kei54n] n.1.含意，暗示；2.牵连，涉及，卷入basis ['beisis] n.1.基础，根据；2.主要成份；3.军事基地launch [l3：nt5] vt.1.发射，投射；2.使（船）下水；3.发动，发起（运动等）；n.发射，（船）下水galaxy ['g1l4k4si] n.1.[天]星系，[G-]银河系，银河；2.一群出色（或着名）的人物observatory [4b'z4：v4t4ri] n.1.天文台；2.了望台convincing [k4n'vinsi6] a.有说服力的，使人信服的binary ['bain4ri] a.1.二，双，复；2.[数]二进制的；n.1.二，双（体），复（体）；twin [twin] a.1.双胞胎的；2.两个相似部分组成的；n.1.双胞胎之一，[pl.] 双胞胎；2.两个相象的人或物；3.[Twins][天]双子座companion [k4m'p1nj4n] n.1.同伴，同事；2.[天]伴星speculation [`spekju'lei54n] n.1.推测，猜测；2.投机swallow ['sw3l4u] vt.吞咽mankind [`m1n'kaind] n.人类operate ['3p4reit] vi.1.运转，起作用；2.动手术（on，upon）；vt.1.操作，操纵，经营；2.对……动手术research into 研究speculation about 关于……猜测swallow up 吞没，耗尽make use of 利用planet ['pl1nit] n.行星revolve [ri'v3lv] vi.旋转；绕转solar ['s4ul4] a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的largely ['l2：d9li] ad.1.大量地；2.主要地glitter ['glit4] vi.闪闪发光，闪烁；n.闪光cloudless ['klaudlis] a.无云的，晴朗的astronaut ['1str4n3：t] n.宇航员thrilling ['7rili6] a.1.令人激动的；2.颤动的，震颤的（三）outer ['aut4] a.外部的whereas [hwA4r'1z] conj.而，却；反之lesser ['les4] a.较小的；更少的；次要的concerned [k4n's4：nd] a.1.有关的；2.关切的，担心的microscopic [`maikr4s'k3pik] 1.显微镜的；2.微观的；3.微小的，细微的whilst [hwailst] conj.1.当……时；2.然而；3.虽然，尽管plateau ['pl1t4u] n.高原tropical ['tr3pik4l] a.1.热带的；2.炎热的coloured ['k8l4d] a.有色的religion [ri'lid94n] n.宗教；宗教信仰circumstance ['s4：k4mst4ns] n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇a great many 很多above all 首先，首要as a rule 通常；一般说来euthanasia [ju：74'neizj4] n.1.无痛楚的死亡；2.安乐死weaken ['wi：k4n] vt.削弱，减弱；vi.变弱Dutchman ['d8t5m4n] n.荷兰人deteriorate [di'ti4ri4reit] vt./vi.（使）恶化lethal ['li：74l] a.致死的injection [in'd9ek54n] n.1.注射；2.注射剂，针剂nationwide ['nei54n'waid] a.全国性；ad.在全国范围内debate [di'beit] vt./n.争论，辩论；vi.对……进行争论，辩论（about，on）legal ['li：g4l] a.1.法律上的；2.合法的Dutch [d8t5] a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的；n.1.[the Dutch][总称]荷兰人；2.荷兰语parliament ['p2：l4m4nt] n.1.议会，国会；2.[P-]（英国或加拿大等的）议会，国会prosecute ['pr3sikju：t] vt.对……起诉，告发request [ri'kwest] vt./n.请求，要求criterion [krai'ti4ri4n] n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则crowd [kraud] n.群，人群；vi.聚集，群集ensure [in'5u4] vt.保证，担保healthcare ['hel7`kA4] n.保健oppose [4'p4uz] vt.1.反对，反抗；2.使相对，使对抗（to）tradition [tr4'di54n] n.传统；惯例hospice ['h3spis] n.（晚期病人）收容所council ['kauns4l] n.理事会，委员会founder ['faund4] n.创始者；缔造者consideration [k4n`sid4'rei54n] n.1.考虑；2.体谅，照顾elderly ['eld4li] a.较老的，人过中年的；n.近老年人，到了晚年的人disabled [dis'eibld] a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的burden ['b4：dn] n.1.担子，负担；2.责任，义务；vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累opt [3pt] vi.抉择，选择（for），在……之间选择（between）shorten ['53：t4n] vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少vulnerable ['v8ln4r4bl] a.1.易受伤的，弱小的；2.易受……攻击的，易受……伤害的（to）prohibition [`pr4uhi'bi54n] n.禁止；禁令individual [`indi'vidju4l] n.个人，个体，独立单位；a.1.个人的；2.个别的paternalistic [p4`t4：n4'listik] a.家长式统治的；家长作风的moving ['mu：vi6] a.1.活动的，移动的；2.动人的，令人感动的sensitive ['sensitiv] a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的be affected with 患有……疾病debate on 关于……进行辩论make request for 要求……be opposed to 反对open up 1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话take……into account考虑到need for 对……的需要opt out of 决定不参加……，决定（从……）中退出have……at heart对某事十分关心（四）conspiracy [k4n'spir4si] n.1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派old-boy ['4uld b3i] n.1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄network ['netw4：k] 1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络escalator ['esk4leit4] n.自动扶梯privilege ['privilid9] n.特权；vt.给予……特权profession [pr4'fe54n] n. （尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）职业graduate ['gr1djueit] vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业；vt.[主美]准予……毕业；a.1.毕业的；2.研究生的；n.大学毕业生，[美]毕业生unfair [8n'fA4] a.不公平的，不公正的employment [im'pl3im4nt] n.1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作publish ['p8bli5] vt.1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表senior ['si：nj4] a.1.年长的，年纪较大的；2.地位较高的，资历较深的；3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的；n.1.年长者；2.资历深者，上级appoint [4'p3int] vt.1.任命，委任（as）；2.私营的，私立的；3.秘密的，私下的headmaster ['hed'm2：st4] n.（中学或小学的）校长leading ['li：di6] a.1.领导的，指引的；2.最重要的，主要的bias ['bai4s] n.偏见；v.[常用被动语态]有偏见（常与against，towards连用）entry ['entri] n.1.进入，入场（权），入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，账目merit ['merit] n.1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳fiercely ['fi4sli] ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地competitive [k4m'petitiv] a.竞争的；比赛的entrance ['entr4ns] n.1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学additional [4'di54nl] a.附加的，追加的；另外的abolish [4'b3li5] vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消applicant ['1plik4nt] n.申请人，请求者performance [p4'f3：m4ns] n.1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏accessible [1k'ses4bl] a.1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to）；3可理解的（to）elite [ei'li：t] n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物；a.杰出的，精英的academic [`1k4'demik] a.1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的excellence ['eks4l4ns] n.优秀，杰出recruit [ri'kru：t] vt./vi.1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员equivalent [i'kwiv4l4nt] a.1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价（物），等量（物）；2.对应词（或对应语）ivy ['aivi] n.常青藤replicate ['replikeit] vt.重复；复制elitist [ei'litist] n.1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者；adj.1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的remedial [ri'mi：dj4l] a.1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的prime [praim] a.1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的vision ['vi94n] n.1.想象力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光classless [kl2：slis] a.1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的amount to 1.达到总计；2.相当于，等于on average 平均blame……for为……责备某人by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言be worth doing 值得做……slavery ['sleiv4ri] n.1.奴隶制度，奴役；2.奴隶身份domestic [d4'mestik] adj.1.家庭的，家务的；2.国内的，本国的；n.家仆，佣人Briton ['brit4n] n.大不列颠人；英国人statistics [st4'tistiks] n.1.统计数字，统计资料；2.[用作单]统计学diplomat ['dipl4m1t] a.外交家；外交官abroad [4'br3：d] ad.到国外；在国外exploit [iks'pl3it] vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削abuse [4'bju：z] vt./n.1.滥用，妄用；2.虐待，凌辱campaign [k1m'pein] n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动sexually ['seksju4li] ad.在性方面passport ['p2：sp3：t] n.护照Filipino [`fili'pi：n4u] n.1.菲律宾人；2菲律宾语；a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的（五）maid [meid] n.1.少女；2.侍女，女仆execute ['eksikju：t] vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2.将……处死convict [k4n'vikt，'k3nvikt] vt.1.证明……有罪（of）；2.宣判；n.罪犯despite [dis'pait] prep.尽管，任凭guilt [gilt] n.1.有罪；2.内疚deserving [di'z4：vi6] a.应得的，值得的（of）Saudi ['s3：di] n.沙特阿拉伯人；a.沙特阿拉伯的，沙特阿拉伯人的，沙特阿拉伯语的breadwinner ['bred`win4] n.养家糊口的人shelf [5elf] n.（壁橱，书橱内）搁板；架子minimum ['minim4m] n.最小量；最低限度；a.最小的；最低的；最少的employee [`empl3i'i：] n.雇员，雇工leaflet ['li：flit] n.1.小叶，嫩叶；2.传单，活页incidence ['insid4ns] n.1.影响程度，影响范围；2. 发生率immigrant ['imigr4nt] a.（从国外）移民的，侨民的；n.移民，侨民status ['steit4s] n.1.情形，状况；2.地位，身份kingdom ['ki6d4m] n.1.王国；2.领域concession [k4n'se54n] n.1.让步；2.特许权；3.租界，租界地immigration [`imi'grei54n] n.移居；外来的移民foreigner ['f3rin4] n.外国人deport [di'p3：t] vt.驱逐出境bring over 把……带来；使转变convict……of证明……有罪，宣判……有罪be deserving of 值得；应得be supposed to 应该gang [g16] n.1.一队，一族；2.（囚犯，歹徒等）一群，一帮eyewitness [ai'witnis] n.目击者；见证人unison ['ju：nizn] n.一致；协调interstate [`int4（：）'steit] a.[主美]州际的BBC 英国广播公司correspondent [`k3ris'p3nd4nt] n.1.对应物；2.新闻通讯员，记者，通信者shackle ['51kl] n.1.[常pl.]镣铐；2.[pl.]束缚，枷锁ditch [dit5] n.沟，沟渠；vt./vi.开渠；筑渠weed [wi：d] n.1.杂草，野草；2.水生植物；vt.除草，拔草deny [di'nai] vt.1.否定，否认；2.拒绝接受，拒绝给予re-introduction [ri`intr4'd8k54n] n.重新采用，重新引入gap [g1p] n.裂口，裂缝toilet ['t3ilit] n.盥洗室；厕所circus ['s4：k4s] n.1.马戏团，杂技团；2.马戏场，杂技场degrade [di'greid] vt.1.降级，贬低；2.堕落；3.退化plantation [pl1n'tei54n] n.1.种植园，大农场；2.植树造林spokesman ['sp4uksm4n] n.发言人；代言人racist ['reisist] n.种族主义者；a.种族主义的；种族歧视的racial ['rei54l] a.种族的inhumane [`inhju（：）'mein] a.不人道的，残忍的ineffective [`ini'fektiv] a.无效的，不起作用的civil ['sivl] n.1.国民的，民用的；2.国内的，民间的union ['ju：nj4n] n.1.工会，协会；2.结合，联合liberty ['lib4ti] n.1.自由，自由权；2.冒昧，失礼；3.[常pl.]特许权，特权punishment ['p8ni5m4nt] n.1.处罚，罚，刑罚；2.折磨，损害disaffection [`dis4'fek54n] n.不满argument ['2：gjum4nt] n.1.争论，辩论；2.论据，理由watch over 看守，照管，监视in unison 完全一致地call up 1.打电话；2.使想起，使忆起blues [blu：z] n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯（源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调）；2.慢四步舞rock'n'roll [`r3kn'r4ul] n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞folk [f4uk] n.1.人们；2.[口]家属，亲属；a.民间的musician [mju（：）'zi54n] n.音乐家；作曲家（六）transformation [`tr1nsf4'mei54n] n.1.变化，转化；2.改造，改革rhythmic ['ri0mik] a.有韵律的；有节奏的musically ['mju：zik4li] ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地distinct [dis'ti6kt] a.1.与其他不同的，独特的；2.明显的consciousness ['k3n54snis] n.意识，知觉；觉悟youthful ['ju：7ful] a.1.年轻的；2.朝气蓬勃的anti-war ['1nti'w3：] a.反战的sentiment ['sentim4nt] n.1.感情，情绪；2.感伤spontaneous [sp3n'teinj4s] a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的；2.出自自然的originate [4'rid9ineit] vi./vt.发源；发生，发起imitator ['imiteit4] n.模仿者Negro ['ni：gr4u] n.黑人；a.黑人的eclecticism [ek'lektisiz4m] n.折衷主义synthesis ['sin7isis] n.结合，合成jazz [d91z] n.爵士乐readily ['redili] ad.1.乐意地；2.很快地，容易地limitless ['limitlis] a.无限制的，无限的instrument ['instrum4nt] n.1.仪器；2.乐器electronic [ilek'tr3nik] a.电子的amplifier ['1mplifai4] n.放大器guitar [gi't2：] n.六弦琴，吉他electronics [ilek'tr3niks] [复]n.[用作单]电子学studio ['stju：di4u] n.1.（艺术家的）工作室；2.（无线电，电视）播音室，演播室；3.电影制片厂penetrating ['pen4treiti6] a.1.穿透的，贯穿的；2.深刻的，透彻的thereby ['0A4bai] ad.由此，从而passive ['p1siv] a.1.被动的；2.消极的participant [p2：'tisip4nt] n.参加者；a.参与的multimedia [`m8lti'mi：dj4] a.1.多种手段的；2.多媒体的；同时使用形、光、声效果的；n.多媒体，多媒体的使用ballroom ['b3：l'rum] n.舞厅lighting ['laiti6] n.照明，照明设备take place 发生take over 1.接管，接任；2.把……从一处运到另一处take on 1.具有；2.担任（工作等）；3.雇佣composer [k4m'p4uz4] n.作曲家inspire [in'spai4] vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感fruitful ['fru：tful] a.有成果的，有收获的output ['autput] n.1.产量；2.输出theme [7i：m] n.1.题目，主题；2.主旋律invariably [in'vA4ri4bli] ad.不变地improvise ['impr4vaiz] vt.1.即兴创作；2.临时准备，临时凑成symphony ['simf4ni] n.1.交响曲，交响乐；2.交响乐队，交响音乐会handle ['h1ndl] n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵3.经营，管理constructive [k4n'str8ktiv] a.建设的，建设性的creative [kri（：）'eitiv] a.创造性的notebook ['n4utbuk] n.笔记本preliminary [pri'limin4ri] a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛painstaking ['peinz`teiki6] a.苦干的；费力的traditionalist [tr4'di54n4list] n.传统主义者；因循守旧者thematic [7i'm1tik] a.1.题目的，主题的；2.主旋律的conception [k4n'sep54n] n.概念，观念well-established ['wel is't1bli5t] a.1.固定下来的；2.得到确认的temper ['temp4] vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼；2.调合well（-）tempered ['wel'temp4d] 1.脾气好的；2.（键盘乐器）调到平均律的clavichord ['kl1vik3：d] n.[音]击弦古钢琴（七）mold [m4uld] n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸sake [seik] n.缘故completeness [k4m'pli：tnis] n.1.完整，圆满；2.完成，结束summarize ['s8m4raiz] vt./vi.概述，总结diversified [dai'v4：sifaid] a.多样化的conventional [k4n'ven54nl] a.1.惯例的，常规的；2.（艺术等）因袭的experimental [eks`peri'mentl] a.实验的；经验的harmony ['h2：m4ni] n.1.协调，和谐；2.融洽，一致sonority [s4'n3riti] n.响亮，洪亮evident ['evid4nt] a.明显的，明白的in other words 换句话说in a sense 在某种意义上at a stretch 连续不断地serve as 适合belong in 应归入（类别、范畴等）in advance 1.在前面；2.预先It goes without saying 不言而喻，理所当然for the sake of 为了……之好处；为了……的目的efficiency [i'fi54nsi] n.1.效率；2.功效，效能，实力robotics [r4u'b3tiks] n.[用作单]机器人学，机器人技术robot ['r4ub4t] n.机器人；自动控制装置increasingly [in'kri：si6li] ad.不断增加地prevalent ['prev4l4nt] a.流行的，普通的automotive [`3：t4'm4utiv] a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的weld [weld] vt./n.焊接spray [sprei] n.1.浪花，水花；2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散cast [k2：st] vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射（光、影，视线等）（on，at）；3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员（阵容）frame [freim] n.构架，框架install [in'st3：l] vt.安装appliance [4'plai4ns] n.1.应用，适用；2.用具，器械calculator ['k1lkjuleit4] n.1.计算者；2.计算器radioactive [`reidi4u'1ktiv] a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的personnel [p4：s4'nel] n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门）expose [iks'p4uz] vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发radiation [`reidi'ei54n] n.1.放射，发光；2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能reduction [ri'd8k54n] n.1.减少，减小；2.降级，降职；3.归纳，归并automatic [`3：t4'm1tik] a.1.自动的；2.无意识的，机械的reprogramme ['ri：'pr4ugr1m] v.再次（重新）设定程序completion [k4m'pli：54n] n.完成，结束；完满specific [spi'sifik] a.1.特有的，特定的；2.具体的，明确的switch [swit5] n.1.开关，转换器；2.（思路、话题等的）转换；vt.1.转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2.接通……电流（on），切断……电流（off）；vi.转换，变换critical ['kritik4l] a.1.批评（性）的，批判（性）的；2.对……表示谴责的，对……感到不满的（of）；3.紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital ['did9itl] a.1.手指的，指状的；2.数字的，计数的camera ['k1m4r4] n.照相机，摄影机light-sensitive ['lait'sensitiv] a.光敏的intensity [in'tensiti] n.强烈，剧烈grayscale [grei'skeil] 灰度（使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调）（八）brightness ['braitnis] n.1.明亮，晴朗；2.聪敏，机灵scale [skeil] n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例（尺）；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤shade [5eid] n.1.荫，阴影；2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光calculation [`k1lkju'lei54n] n.1.计算，计算结果；2.仔细考虑defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的；有缺陷的assemble [4'sembl] vt.1.集合；2.装配；vi.集合attendant [4'tend4nt] n.1.侍者，服务员；2.出席者fireman ['fai4m4n] n.消防队员housekeeper ['haus`ki：p4] n.管理家务的主妇；女管家expose to 暴露；面临；曝露in that 在于，原因是in between 在中间；每间隔；在……期间in question 正被谈论的plenty of 大量的；丰富的earthquake ['4：7kweik] n.地震warning ['w3：ni6] n.警告；警报；a.警告的forecast ['f3：k2：st] vt.1.预测，预报；2.预示giant ['d9ai4nt] n.1.巨大；2.巨物，巨大的动物；a.巨大的shift [5ift] vt./vi.1.替换；转移；2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移；2.轮班fault [f3：lt] n.1.缺点，毛病；2.错误，过失；3.[地]断层seismic ['saizmik] a.地震的precede [pri（：）'si：d] vt.先于……，比……优先；vi.在前面，居前，领先radon ['reid3n] n.氡decay [di'kei] vi.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败；3.[原]衰变；vt.使腐朽，使腐烂；n.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败radium ['reidj4m] n.镭underground ['8nd4graund] a.1.地下的；2.秘密的，隐蔽的；ad.1.在地下；2.秘密地，隐蔽地speculate ['spekjuleit] vi.思索；推测（on/upon，about）；vt.1.投机；2.思索，推测subside [s4b'said] vi.1.沉淀；2.沉降，下沉；3.平静下来，平息，减退datum ['deit4m] 1.资料，材料，2.数据reliability [ri`lai4'biliti] n.可靠性partial ['p2：54l] a.1.偏袒的，偏心的，对……偏袒（to）；2.部分的，不完全的up-to-date ['8p tu：deit] a.1.最新的，现代化的；2.直至目前的analyze ['1n4laiz] vt.分析eastern ['i：st4n] a.1.东方的，东部的；2.向东方的，来自东方的work on 1.从事……；2.对……有影响set up 1.设立，建立；2.建立，提出on the alert 警戒，处于戒备状态leadership ['li：d45ip] n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员research [ri's4：t5] n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究attach [4't1t5] vt.（to）1.固定住，系；2.附加，隶属；3.把（重点等）放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋possession [p4'ze54n] n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产satisfaction [`s1tis'f1k54n] n.满意，满足relaxation [`ri：l1k'sei54n] n.1.松弛，放松；2.缓和，减轻；3.休养desirable [di'zai4r4bl] a.称心的，合意的，理想的occupation [`3kju'pei54n] n.1.占领；2.占有；3.职业portray [p3：'trei] vt.描绘；描写；描述urban ['4：b4n] a.城市的，都市的stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的；压力重的loom [lu：m] vi.隐隐呈现；逼近renewal [ri'nju（：）4l] n.1.更新；2重新开始underlie [`8nd4'lai] vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础acquire [4'kwai4] vt.获得，得到（九）recognition [`rek4g'ni54n] n.1.认出；2.承认，公认impart [im'p2：t] vt.把……分给；给予（to）positive ['p3z4tiv] a.1.明确的，确实的；2.积极的，肯定的；3.正的，阳性的motivate ['m4utiveit] vt.作为……的动机，激发relevant ['reliv4nt] a.1.贴切的，中肯的；2.与……有关的（to）communicator [k4'mju：nikeit4] n.传播者，传播工作者participation [p2：tisi'pei54n] n.参加，参与attainment [4'teinm4nt] n.1.达到，到达；2.[常pl.]成就，造诣be concerned with 1.关于，涉及；2.忙于……；3.关心，关切attach importance to 认为……很重要take to 1.开始从事；2.养成……的习惯3.培养对……的爱好put……to use使用；利用be relevant to 与……有关on the part of 就……而言set……as objective把……作为目标elusive [i'lju：siv] a.1.躲避的；2.难以捉摸的，难以理解的tricky ['triki] a.1.狡猾的，耍花招的；2.难以处理的slip [slip] vi.1.滑动，滑过；2.溜，溜走；vt.使滑动；使滑过quicksand ['kwiks1nd] n.流沙oversupply ['4uv4s4'plai] vt./n.过多供应wayside ['weisaid] n.路边；a.路边的flexible ['fleksibl] a.1.柔韧的，柔顺的；2.可变通的，灵活的readjustment ['ri：4'd98stm4nt] n.再整理，再调整project [pr4'd9ekt，'pr3d9ekt] n.1.设计，规划；2.项目；vt.1.方案，计划；2.投射，映射3.使突出appointment [4'p3intm4nt] n.1.任命；2.约会weekly ['wi：kli] a.每周的；一周一次的；ad.每周；每周一次；n.周刊，周报adjustment [4'd98stm4nt] n.调整realistic [ri4'listik] a.1.现实的，实际的；2.逼真的；3.现实主义的，现实主义者的underestimate ['8nd4'estimeit] vt.低估；看轻overestimate ['4uv4'estimeit] vt.过高估计；过高评价emergency [i'm4：d94nsi] n.紧急情况；突发事件routine [ru：'ti：n] n.日常工作；例行手续，常规；a.日常的；例行的；常规的crash [kr15] a.紧急的，速成的inflexible [in'fleks4bl] a.1.不可弯曲的，僵硬的；2.不可改变的，固执的adjust [4'd98st] vt.1.调整，调节；2.校准deem [di：m] vt.认为，相信assignment [4'sainm4nt] n.1.分配，委派；2.任务，（课外）作业freshman ['fre5m4n] n.1新手，生手；2.大学一年级学生kid [kid] vt./vi./n.1.戏弄，开玩笑；2.欺骗，哄骗faithfully ['fei7fuli] 忠诚地；如实地temptation [temp'tei54n] n.引诱，诱惑look ahead to 向前看；展望未来allocate……for分配给……；配给fall by the wayside 半途而废，中途退出hang up 1.把……挂起来；2.挂断（电话）；3.延迟，拖延throw off 扔掉；摆脱work out 做出；制定出up to date 1.最新的，新式的；2.切合目前情况的（on）kid……into doing欺骗……去做……stick with 坚持；继续（十）jet [d9et] n.1.喷射；2.喷嘴；3.喷气式飞机，喷气式发动机lag [l1g] vi.走得慢，落后；n.落后，滞后flight [flait] n.1.飞行，飞翔；2.航班，班机；3.逃跑，溃退physiological [`fizi4'l3d9ikl] a.生理的，生理学的regulatory ['regjul4t4ri] a.1.规章的；2.调节的mechanism ['mek4niz4m] n.1.[机]机构，机制；2.（自然现象等）作用过程hormonal [h3：'m4unl] a.荷尔蒙的，激素的secretary ['sekr4tri] n.1.秘书；2.书记；3.（英，美等国的）部长，大臣negotiation [ni`g4u5i'ei54n] n.谈判，协商proceeding [pr4'si：di6] n.1.程序，进程；2.[pl.]项目，活动，会议文集instantaneously [`inst4n'teinj4sli] ad.瞬间地；即刻地transport [tr1ns'p3：t，'tr1nsp3：t] vt.运输；n.运输overcome [`4uv4'k8m] vt.战胜；克服regulate ['regjuleit] vt./n.1.管理；2.调节timing ['taimi6] n.1.时间的选择；2.计时，定时periodicity [`pi4ri4'disiti] n.周期性，间发性internal [in't4：nl] a.1.内部的，内在的；2.国内的suprachiasmatic ['sju：pr4kai4z'm1tik] a.超（染色体）交叉的rhythm ['ri04m] n.1.韵律，格律；2.节奏timer ['taim4] n.计时员，定时器external [eks't4：nl] a.外在的，在外的alarm [4'l2：m] n.1.警报；2.惊恐；vt.1.向……报警，使警觉；2.使……惊恐，打扰reset [ri：'set] vt./n.重新安排，重调palm [p2：m] n.手掌sweat [swet] n.汗；vi.出汗；vt.使出汗discrepancy [dis'krep4nsi] n.差异；不一致bodily ['b3dili] a.身体的，肉体的cortisol ['k3：tis3l] n.[生]皮质（甾）醇excretion [eks'kri：54n] n.排泄；分泌destination [`desti'nei54n] n.目的地，终点feasible ['fi：z4bl] a.可行的，可能的pharmacological [`f2：m4k4'l3d9ik4l] a.药物学的，药理学的assumption [4's8mp54n] n.1.假定，设想；2.承担，采取mid-afternoon ['mid`2：ft4'nu：n] a.下午三点左右的neutral ['nju：tr4l] a.1.中立的；2.中性的wakefulness ['weikfulnis] n.觉醒，不眠promote [pr4'm4ut] vt.1.促进，发扬；2.提升，升级；3.发起，创办synchronize ['si6kr4naiz] vi.同时发生，同步；vt.使在时间上一致；使同步effect on 对……的作用blame……on把……归咎于to advantage 有利地，有效地as fresh as paint 精神饱满now that （连词）既然，由于leave……alone 1.不管，不理；2.听其自然out of step 步伐不一致；不协调in time 1.及时；2.终于span [sp1n] n.1.指距，一柞宽；2.跨距；3.一段时间fluctuate ['fl8ktjueit] vi.1.波动，起伏；2.动摇，不定；vt.使波动，使起伏fluctuation [`fl8ktju'ei54n] n.波动，起伏tick [tik] n.（钟表的）滴答声；vi.（钟表的）滴答响fade [feid] vi.1.凋谢，枯萎；2.（颜色）褪去；3.（声音等）衰弱下去；vt.使褪色illusion [i'lju：94n] n.错觉；幻觉duration [dju4'rei54n] n.持续；持续时间infrequent [in'fri：kw4nt] a.很少发生的（十一）illustration [`il4s'trei54n] n.1.说明；2.例证，插图moderate ['m3d4rit] a.1.中等的，适度的；2.温和的，有节制的distraction [dis'tr1k54n] n.1.精神涣散，精神不集中；2.消遣，娱乐distractor [dis'tr1kt4] n.分散注意力的东西focal ['f4uk4l] a.焦点的；vt.1.治疗；2.补救（法）；vt.1.治疗；2.补救，纠正fearful ['fi4ful] a.1.可怕的，吓人的；2.害怕的，胆怯的productivity [`pr3d8k'tiviti] n.1.生产率；2.丰饶，多产finance [fai'n1ns] n.1.财政，金融；2.经费，资金retention [ri'ten54n] n.保持；保留distract [dis'tr1kt] vt.分散（注意，心思等）；使人分心adversely ['1dv4：sli] ad.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地appreciate [4'pri：5ieit] vt.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价，鉴别；3.感激，感谢contrary ['k3ntr4ri] a.相反的，相对的，与……相反（to）mislead [mis'li：d] vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错motivation [`m4uti'vei54n] n.动机；动力inefficient [`ini'fi54nt] a.无效的；效率低的exceptional [ik'sep54nl] a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的hinder ['hind4，'haind4] vt.阻止；妨碍typical ['tipik4l] a.典型的，代表性的to date 到目前为止attend to 专心；注意；照顾make the grade 取得成功，达到理想标准fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃be true of 符合于……，对……适用classify ['kl1sifai] vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级；2.把……列为（as）aged [eid9id] a.年老的，老的northwestern ['n3：7'west4n] a.1.在西北的，向西北的；2.来自西北的approximate [4'pr3ksimit，4'pr3ksimeit] a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近（to）paradox ['p1r4d3ks] 1.似非而可能是的论点；2.自相矛盾的话proportion [pr4'p3：54n] n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称dependency [di'pend4nsi] n.从属；依赖（on）advantageous [`1dv4n'teid94s] a.有利的，有助的liability [`lai4'biliti] n.1.责任，义务；2.[pl.]债务，负债；3.不利条件，妨碍的人（或物）inactive [in'1ktiv] a.不活动的；不活跃的appreciation [4`pri：5i'ei54n] n.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价；3.感激，感谢salient ['seilj4nt] a.1.突出的，凸起的；2.显着的resettlement [ri：'setlm4nt] n.重新定居，重新安置acknowledge [4k'n3lid9] vt.1.承认；2.表示感谢fore [f3：] ad.在前面；a.1.先时的，先前的；2.在前部的；n.前部gathering ['g104ri6] n.1.聚集；2.集会birthrate ['b4：7reit] n.出生率elsewhere ['els'wA4] ad.在别处；向别处demography [di'm3gr4fi] n.人口统计学alter ['3：lt4] vt./vi.改变，改动experiential [iks`pi4ri'en54l] a.经验的；凭经验的continued [k4n'tinju（：）d] a.继续的，连续的lengthen ['le674n] vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸wealthy ['wel7i] a.富裕的；丰富的neglect [ni'glekt] vt.1.忽视，忽略；2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽expectation [`ekspek'tei54n] n.1.期待；2.估计寿命slippery ['slip4ri] a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的demographer [di'm3gr4f4] n.人口学家revision [ri'vi94n] n.修订，修改upwards ['8pw4dz] ad.向上；趋向上升approximate to 与……接近（十二）to the fore 1.在前面，到前面；2.在显着地位resistance to 对……的阻力esteem [is'ti：m] vt./n.尊敬，尊重cope [k4up] vi.对付，妥善处理（with）parenting ['pA4r4nti6] n.父母对孩子的养育tone [t4un] n.1.音调，音色；2.腔调，语气；3.[语]声调，语调infant ['inf4nt] n.婴儿，幼儿；a.婴儿的，幼儿的lovable ['l8v4bl] a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的manageable ['m1nid94bl] a.易管理的unlovable [8n'l8v4bl] a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的worthless ['w4：7lis] a.1.无价值的，无用的；2.不足道的，不可取的ultimately ['8ltim4tli] ad.最后，最终地self-defeating [`selfdi'fi：ti6] a.1.自我挫败的；2.有违被衰的crisis ['kraisis] n.1危机；2.决定性时刻withdraw [wi0'dr3：] vt.1.收回，提取；2.撤退，撤销；vi.1.撤退，退出；2.退缩，逃避现实inconsiderate [`ink4n'sid4rit] a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人outcome ['autk8m] n.1.结果，结局；2.出路，出口reinforcement [`ri：in'f3：sm4nt] n.增强，加固；强化tangible ['t1nd94bl] a.1.可触摸的，可感知的；2.确实的，真实的attribute [4'tribju：t] n.1.属性，特征；2.[语]定语；vt.把……归因于（to）fold [f4uld] vt./vi.折叠；对折；n.褶（痕）appropriate [4'pr4upri4t] a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的cope with 对付；处理no other……than 1.除……外没有，只有；2.正是，就是take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……便宜act out 1.将……表演出来；2.（用行动）表示出来election [i'lek54n] n.选举；选举权presidential [`prezi'den54l] a.总统（或校长）的；总统（或校长等）职务的winner ['win4] n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者republican [ri'p8blik4n] a.1.共和国的；2.[R-]（美国）共和党的；n.1.共和主义者；2.[R-]共和党党员democratic [dem4'kr1tik] a.民主的，民主主义的nominee [`n3mi'ni：] n.被提名者；被任命者vote [v4ut] n.1.选举，投票；2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举certainty ['s4：t4nti] n.一定；必定nomination [`n3mi'nei54n] n.提名；任命loyalty ['l3i4lti] n.忠诚；忠心decline [di'klain] vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落democrat ['dem4kr1t] n.1.民主主义者，民主人士；2.[D-]民主党党员voter ['v4ut4] n.选举人，投票人strategically [str4'ti：d9ik4l] ad.战略上地，颇具策略地pursue [p4'sju：] vt.1.追赶；2.追求，寻求；3.进行，从事impact ['imp1kt，im'p1kt] n.1.冲击，碰拦；2.效果，影响；vt.装紧，压紧headquarters ['hed'kw3：t4z] [复]n.1.司令部，指挥部；2.（机构，企业）总部，总店economy [i（：）'k3n4mi] n.1.经济；2.节约strategist ['str1tid9ist] n.战略家rating ['reiti6] n.1.等级，规格；2.评定结果，（电视）收视率poll [p4ul] n.1.选举，投票；2.民意测验；1.得到选票；2.对……进行民事测验；vi.投票stir [st4：] vt.1.搅拌，搅动；2.激起，打动；vi.微动；活动；n.惊动；轰动strategy ['str1tid9i] n.战略；策略constitutional [`k3nsti'tju：54nl] a.1.宪法上规定的；2.组成的，构成的provision [pr4'vi94n] n.1.供应，供应品；2.条款，规定；3.[常pl.]给养，口粮electoral [i'lekt4r4l] a.选举的representation [`reprizen'tei54n] n.1.描写，表现；2.代表，代理congress ['k36gres] n.1.（代表）大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]（美法等的）参议院，上院House [haus] n.[英]议院district ['distrikt] n.1.区，行政区；2.地区，区域representative [`repri'zent4tiv] n.代表，代表人；a.典型的，有代表性的presidency ['prezid4nsi] n.1.总统（或校长，会长，行长等）职务（或职权，任期）；2.管辖overwhelming [4uv4'（h）welmi6] a.压倒之势的（十三）stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望identify……as把……看作impact on 对……之影响contest ['k3ntest] n.1.竞争，比赛；2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩rivalry ['raiv4lri] n.竞争；对抗dozen ['d8zn] n.1.一打，十二个；2.十来个，十几个nominate ['n3mineit] vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名electorate [i'lekt4rit] n.全体选民；选区inevitably [in'evit4bli] ad.不可避免地，必然地。

英语（二）词汇表organizational [,?:ɡ?nai'zei??n?l, -ni'z-] a.组织（上）的goal[ɡ?ul] n.1.目的，目标； 2.得分进球，球门objective[?b'd?ektiv, ?b-]n.目标，目的； a.1.客观的，真实的；2如实的，无偏见的accomplish [?'k?mpli?, ?'k?m-]vt.完成（任务等）predict[pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示accompany[?'k?mp?ni]vt.1.伴随，陪同； 2.为……伴奏implement['implim?nt, 'impliment]vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等）constraint [k?n'streint] n.1.强制；2强制因素，制约条件precedent[pri'si:d?nt, 'presi-] n.先例，前例simplify['simplifai] vt.简化tendency['tend?nsi] n.趋势，倾向managerial[,m?ni'd?i?ri?l] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2管理上的，经营上的maker['meik?] n.制造者；制造商achievement[?'t?i:vm?nt] n.1.完成，达到；2成就，成绩attain[?'tein] vt.达到；完成optimal['?ptim?l] a.最适宜的；最理想的suboptimization[s?b,?ptimai-'zei??n, -mi'z-] n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现）trade-off n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2物物交换argue['ɑɡju:] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2用辩论证明budget['b?d?it]n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算；2安排，预定scheme[ski:m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划define[di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2限定，规定multiple ['m?ltipl] a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数profitability[,prɑf?t?'b?l?t?]n.赚钱，获利correctness[k?'rektnis] n.正确，正确性unintended[,?nin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing['?n,ɡ?ui?, '?:n-] a.进行中的，前进的entity['ent?ti] n.1.存在，实体；2统一性skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路；碍事make a guess at猜测moving ['mu:vi?] a.1.活动的，移动的； 2.动人的，令人感动的sensitive['sensitiv] a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的be affected with患有……疾病debate on 关于……进行辩论make request for 要求……be opposed to 反对open up1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话take……into account考虑到need for对……的需要opt out of 决定不参加……，决定（从……）中退出have……at heart对某事十分关心conspiracy[k?n'spir?si]n.1.阴谋，密谋； 2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派old-boy ['?uld'b?i] n.1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄network['netw?:k] 1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络escalator['esk?leit?]n.自动扶梯privilege ['privilid?] n.特权；vt.给予……特权profession[pr?u'fe??n] n. （尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）职业graduate['ɡr?d?u?t, -eit, 'ɡr?djueit, -d?u-] vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业；vt.[主美]准予……毕业； a.1.毕业的；2.研究生的；n.大学毕业生，[美]毕业生unfair[,?n'fε？] a.不公平的，不公正的employment[im'pl?im?nt] n.1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作publish ['p?bli?]vt.1.出版，刊印； 2.公布，发表senior ['si:nj?] a.1.年长的，年纪较大的；2.地位较高的，资历较深的；3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的；n.1.年长者；2资历深者，上级appoint [?'p?int] vt.1.任命，委任（as）；2.私营的，私立的；3秘密的，私下的headmaster['hed'mɑ:st?, -m?st?] n.（中学或小学的）校长leading ['li:di?] a.1.领导的，指引的； 2.最重要的，主要的bias['bai?s]n.偏见；v.[常用被动语态]有偏见（常与against， towards 连用）entry['entri] n.1.进入，入场（权），入会权； 2.入口；3.登记，条目，账目merit['merit] n.1.优点，长处； 2.功绩，功劳fiercely['fi?sli] ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地； 2.猛烈地competitive[k?m'petitiv] a.竞争的；比赛的entrance['entr?ns] n.1.进入；2.入口，门口； 3.入场，入会，入学additional[?'di??n?l] a.附加的，追加的；另外的abolish [?'b?li?] vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消applicant['?plik?nt] n.申请人，请求者performance[p?'f?:m?ns] n.1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能； 3.演出，演奏accessible[?k'ses?bl] a.1.易接近的，能进去的； 2.易受影响的（to）；3可理解的（to）elite [ei'li:t, i'li:t] n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物； a.杰出的，精英的academic[,?k?'demik] a.1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的； 2.学术的excellence['eks?l?ns]n.优秀，杰出recruit[ri'kru:t] vt./vi.1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员equivalent [i'kwiv?l?nt] a.1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价（物），等量（物）； 2.对应词（或对应语）ivy['aivi]n.常青replicate['replikit, 'replikeit]vt.重复；复制elitist [ei'li:tist, i'-] n.1.杰出人物； 2.杰出人物统治论者；adj.1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的remedial [ri'mi:di?l, -dj?l] a.1.治疗的，治疗上用的； 2.补救的prime[praim] a.1.最初的，基本的； 2.首要的，主要的； 3.第一流的，最好的vision['vi??n]n.1.想象力，幻觉； 2.视力，视觉； 3.眼光classless[/'klɑ:slis/] a.1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的amount to 1.达到总计；2.相当于，等于on average 平均blame……for为……责备某人by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言be worth doing 值得做……slavery['sleiv?ri] n.1.奴隶制度，奴役； 2.奴隶身份domestic[d?u'mestik] adj.1.家庭的，家务的； 2.国内的，本国的；n.家仆，佣人Briton['brit?n] n.大不列颠人；英国人statistics[st?'tistiks] n.1.统计数字，统计资料； 2.[用作单]统计学diplomat['dipl?m?t] a.外交家；外交官abroad[?'br?:d]ad.到国外；在国外exploit['ekspl?it, ik's-] vt.1.开发，开采； 2.利用；3.剥削abuse [?'bju:z, ?'bju:s]vt./n.1.滥用，妄用； 2.虐待，凌辱campaign[k?m'pein]n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动sexually['sek?u?li]ad.在性方面passport ['pɑ:sp?:t, 'p?s-] n.护照Filipino [fili'pi:n?u] n.1.菲律宾人；2菲律宾语；a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的maid[meid] n.1.少女；2侍女，女仆execute['eksikju:t] vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻； 2.将……处死convict[k?n'vikt] vt.1.证明……有罪（of）；2.宣判；n.罪犯despite[di'spait] prep.尽管，任凭guilt[ɡilt] n.1.有罪；2.内疚deserving[di'z?:vi?] a.应得的，值得的（of）Saudi['s?:di; sɑ:'u:di; 'saudi]n.沙特阿拉伯人； a.沙特阿拉伯的，沙特阿拉伯人的，沙特阿拉伯语的Breadwinner['bred,win?] n.养家糊口的人shelf[?elf] n.（壁橱，书橱内）搁板；架子minimum ['minim?m] n.最小量；最低限度； a.最小的；最低的；最少的employee[,empl?i'i:, em'pl?ii:]n.雇员，雇工leaflet['li:flit] n.1.小叶，嫩叶； 2.传单，活页incidence['insid?ns] n.1.影响程度，影响范围； 2. 发生率immigrant['imiɡr?nt] a.（从国外）移民的，侨民的；n.移民，侨民status['steit?s, 'st?-] n.1.情形，状况； 2.地位，身份kingdom['ki?d?m] n.1.王国；2.领域concession [k?n'se??n]n.1.让步；2.特许权；3.租界，租界地immigration [,imi'ɡrei??n]n.移居；外来的移民foreigner['f?rin?]n.外国人deport[di'p?:t] vt.驱逐出境bring over 把……带来；使转变convict…of证明……有罪，宣判……有罪be deserving o f 值得；应得be supposed to 应该gang[ɡ??] n.1.一队，一族； 2.（囚犯，歹徒等）一群，一帮eyewitness['ai,witnis] n.目击者；见证人unison ['ju:niz?n] n.一致；协调interstate ['int?steit, int?'s-] a.[主美]州际的BBC 英国广播公司Correspondent[,k?:ri'sp?nd?nt] n .1.对应物；2.新闻通讯员，记者，通信者shackle ['??kl]n.1.[常pl.]镣铐；2.[pl.]束缚，枷锁ditch [dit?] n.沟，沟渠，vt./vi.开渠，筑渠weed [wi:d] n.1.杂草，野草； 2.水生植物；vt.除草，拔草deny[di'nai] vt.1.否定，否认； 2.拒绝接受，拒绝给予re-introduction[,ri?ntr?'d?k??n] n.重新采用，重新引入gap[ɡ?p]n.裂口，裂缝toilet['t?ilit]n.盥洗室；厕所circus['s?:k?s] n.1.马戏团，杂技团； 2.马戏场，杂技场degrade['di'ɡreid]vt.1.降级，贬低； 2.堕落；3.退化plantation[pl?n'tei??n] n.1.种植园，大农场； 2.植树造林spokesman ['sp?uksm?n] n.发言人；代言人racist['reisist] n.种族主义者； a.种族主义的；种族歧视的racial ['rei??l] a.种族的inhumane[,imhju:'mein] a.不人道的，残忍的ineffective [,ini'fektiv] a .无效的，不起作用的civil ['siv?l] n.1.国民的，民用的； 2.国内的，民间的union['ju:ni?n] n.1.工会，协会；2结合，联合liberty ['lib?ti] n.1.自由，自由权； 2.冒昧，失礼； 3.[常pl.]特许权，特权punishment['p?ni?m?nt] n.1.处罚，罚，刑罚； 2.折磨，损害disaffection[,dis?'fek??n] n.不满argument['ɑ:ɡjum?nt]n.1.争论，辩论； 2.论据，理由watch over看守，照管，监视in unison 完全一致地call up 1.打电话；2使想起，使忆起blues[blu:z] n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯（源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调）；2.慢四步舞rock'n'roll ['r?k?n'r?ul]n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞folk[f?uk]n.1.人们；2.[口]家属，亲属； a.民间的musician[mju:'zi??n] n.音乐家；作曲家transformation [,tr?nsf?'mei??n, ,tr?nz-, trɑ:n-] n.1.变化，转化；2改造，改革rhythmic ['riemik, 'riθ-] a.有韵律的；有节奏的musically['mju:zik?li] ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地distinct [dis'ti?kt] a.1.与其他不同的，独特的； 2.明显的consciousness['k?n??snis]n.意识，知觉；觉悟youthful['ju:θful] a.1.年轻的；2.朝气蓬勃的anti-war ['?nti'w?:] a.反战的sentiment['sentim?nt] n.1.感情，情绪； 2.感伤spontaneous[sp?n'teini?s] a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的； 2.出自自然的originate[?'rid??neit] vi./vt.发源；发生，发起imitator['imiteit?（r）] n.模仿者Negro['ni:gr?u] n.黑人；a.黑人的Eclecticism [e'klektisiz?m] n.折衷主义synthesis['sinθisis] n.结合，合成jazz [d??z] n.爵士乐readily['redili]ad.1.乐意地；2很快地，容易地limitless['limitlis] a.无限制的，无限的instrument['instrum?nt, 'instr?-, -ment] n.1.仪器；2.乐器electronic[,ilek'tr?nik] a.电子的amplifier['?mplifai?] n.放大器guitar[ɡi'tɑ：] n.六弦琴，吉他electronics[,ilek'tr?niks][复]n.[用作单]电子学studio['stju:di?u, 'stu:-]n.1.（艺术家的）工作室； 2.（无线电，电视）播音室，演播室； 3.电影制片厂penetrating['penitreiti?] 1.穿透的，贯穿的； 2.深刻的，透彻的thereby[,eε?'bai, 'eε？bai]ad.由此，从而passive ['p?siv] a.1.被动的；2.消极的participant[pɑ:'tisip?nt] n.参加者；a.参与的multimedia[,m?lti'mi:di?] a.1.多种手段的； 2.多媒体的；同时使用形、光、声效果的；n.多媒体，多媒体的使用ballroom['b?:lru:m] n.舞厅lighting['laiti?]n.照明，照明设备take place 发生take over 1.接管，接任； 2.把……从一处运到另一处take on 1.具有；2.担任（工作等）； 3.雇佣composer[k?m'p?uz?] n.作曲家inspire[in'spai?]vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感fruitful['fru:tful] a.有成果的，有收获的output['autput, ,aut'put]n.1.产量；2.输出theme [θi:m]n.1.题目，主题； 2.主旋律invariably[in'v??ri?bli] ad.不变地improvise['impr?vaiz]vt.1.即兴创作； 2.临时准备，临时凑成symphony['simf?ni] n.1.交响曲，交响乐； 2.交响乐队，交响音乐会handle ['h?ndl] n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵 3.经营，管理constructive [k?n'str?ktiv] a.建设的，建设性的creative[kri'eitiv] a.创造性的notebook['n?utbuk]n.笔记本preliminary[pri'limin?ri] a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛painstaking['peinz,teiki?]] a.苦干的；费力的traditionalist [tr?'di??n?list]n.传统主义者；因循守旧者thematic[θi'm?tik, θi:-] a.1.题目的，主题的； 2.主旋律的conception[k?n'sep??n] n.概念，观念well-established['weli'st?bli?t]a.1.固定下来的； 2.得到确认的temper ['temp?] vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼； 2.调合well（-）tempered ['wel'temp?d] 1.脾气好的； 2.（键盘乐器）调到平均律的clavichord ['kl?vik?:d] n.[音]击弦古钢琴mold [m?uld] n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸sake[seik]n.缘故completeness[k?m'pli:tnis] n.1.完整，圆满； 2.完成，结束summarize['s?m?raiz] vt./vi.概述，总结diversified [dai'v?:sifaid, di-] a.多样化的conventional[k?n'ven??n?l] a.1.惯例的，常规的； 2.（艺术等）因袭的experimental[ek,speri'ment?l, ek's-] a.实验的；经验的harmony['hɑ:m?ni] n.1.协调，和谐； 2.融洽，一致sonority ['s?u'n?:r?ti, -'n?-] n.响亮，洪亮evident['evid?nt] a.明显的，明白的in other words 换句话说in a sense 在某种意义上at a stretch连续不断地serve as 适合belong in 应归入（类别、范畴等）in advance 1.在前面；2.预先It goes without saying不言而喻，理所当然for the sake of 为了……之好处；为了……的目的efficiency[i'fi??nsi] n.1.效率；2.功效，效能，实力robotics [r?u'b?tiks]n.[用作单]机器人学，机器人技术robot['r?ub?t, -b?t, 'r?b?t] n.机器人；自动控制装置increasingly[in'kri:si?li]ad.不断增加地prevalent['prev?l?nt] a.流行的，普通的automotive[,?:t?u'm?utiv] a.1.自动的，机动的； 2.汽车的weld[weld] vt./n.焊接spray[sprei] n.1.浪花，水花； 2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散cast [kɑ:s, k?st]vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射（光、影，视线等）（on，at）；3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员（阵容）frame[freim]n.构架，框架install [in'st?:l]vt.安装appliance [?'plai?ns] n.1.应用，适用； 2.用具，器械calculator ['k?lkjuleit?] n.1.计算者；2.计算器radioactive [,reidi?u'?ktiv] a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的personnel [,p?:s?'nel]n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门）expose[ik'sp?uz] vt.1.使暴露，使面临； 2.揭露，揭发radiation [,reidi'ei??n]n.1.放射，发光； 2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能reduction[ri'd?k??n]n.1.减少，减小； 2.降级，降职； 3.归纳，归并automatic[,?:t?'m?tik] a.1.自动的；2.无意识的，机械的reprogramme['ri：'pr?ugr?m] v.再次（重新）设定程序completion [k?m'pli:??n] n.完成，结束；完满specific [spi'sifik] a.1.特有的，特定的； 2.具体的，明确的switch [swit?]n.1.开关，转换器； 2.（思路、话题等的）转换；vt.1.转换，改变（思路、话题等）； 2.接通……电流（on），切断……电流（off）；vi.转换，变换critical['kritik?l] a.1.批评（性）的，批判（性）的；2.对……表示谴责的，对……感到不满的（of）；3.紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital['did?it?l] a.1.手指的，指状的； 2.数字的，计数的camera['k?m?r?] n.照相机，摄影机light-sensitive[,lait'sensitiv] a.光敏的intensity[in'tens?ti] n.强烈，剧烈grayscale['grei,skeil] 灰度（使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调）brightness['braitnis] n.1.明亮，晴朗； 2.聪敏，机灵scale[skeil]n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例（尺）；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤shade [?eid]n.1.荫，阴影； 2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光calculation[,k?lkju:lei??n] n.1.计算，计算结果； 2.仔细考虑defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的；有缺陷的assemble[?'sembl] vt.1.集合；2.装配；vi.集合attendant [?'tend?nt] n.1.侍者，服务员； 2.出席者fireman['fai?m?n]n.消防队员housekeeper['haus,ki:p?]n.管理家务的主妇；女管家expose to 暴露；面临；曝露in that 在于，原因是in between 在中间；每间隔；在……期间in question 正被谈论的plenty of 大量的；丰富的earthquake['?:θkweik]n.地震warning['w?:ni?] n.警告；警报； a.警告的forecast['f?:kɑ:st] vt.1.预测，预报； 2.预示giant['d?ai?nt]n.1.巨大；2.巨物，巨大的动物； a.巨大的shift[?ift]vt./vi.1.替换；转移； 2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移； 2.轮班fault [f?:lt]n.1.缺点，毛病； 2.错误，过失； 3.[地]断层seismic ['saizmik, 'sais-] a.地震的precede [pri:'si:d, pri-] vt.先于……，比……优先；vi.在前面，居前，领先radon ['reid?n] n.氡decay [di'kei]vi.1.腐朽，腐烂； 2.衰败；3.[原]衰变；vt.使腐朽，使腐烂；n.1.腐朽，腐烂； 2.衰败radium ['reidi?m]n.镭underground['?nd?ɡraund] a.1.地下的；2.秘密的，隐蔽的；ad.1.在地下；2秘密地，隐蔽地speculate['spekjuleit] vi.思索；推测（on/upon， about）；vt.1.投机；2.思索，推测subside[s?b'said] vi.1.沉淀；2.沉降，下沉； 3.平静下来，平息，减退datum['deit?m] 1.资料，材料， 2.数据reliability [ri,lai?'bil?ti] n.可靠性partial ['pɑ:??l] a.1.偏袒的，偏心的，对……偏袒（to）；2.部分的，不完全的up-to-date['?pt?'deit] a.1.最新的，现代化的； 2.直至目前的analyze ['?n?laiz] vt.分析eastern ['i:st?n] a.1.东方的，东部的； 2.向东方的，来自东方的work on 1.从事……； 2.对……有影响set up 1.设立，建立； 2.建立，提出on the alert警戒，处于戒备状态leadership ['li:d??ip] n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员research [ri's?:t?, 'ri:s-] n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究attach[?'t?t?] vt.（to）1.固定住，系； 2.附加，隶属； 3.把（重点等）放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋possession[p?'ze??n] n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产satisfaction [,s?tis'f?k??n] n.满意，满足relaxation[,ri:l?k'sei??n] n.1.松弛，放松； 2.缓和，减轻； 3.休养desirable[di'zai?r?bl] a.称心的，合意的，理想的occupation [,?kju'pei??n] n.1.占领；2.占有；?.职业portray [p?:'trei, p?u-] vt.描绘；描写；描述urban ['?:b?n] a.城市的，都市的stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的；压力重的loom [lu:m] vi.隐隐呈现；逼近renewal [ri'nju:?l] n.1.更新；2重新开始underlie[,?nd?'lai]vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础acquire [?'kwai?]vt.获得，得到recognition [,rek?g'ni??n] n.1.认出；2.承认，公认impart[im'pɑ:t] vt.把……分给；给予（to）positive['p?z?tiv, -zi-] a.1.明确的，确实的； 2.积极的，肯定的； 3.正的，阳性的motivate['m?utiveit] vt.作为…的动机，激发relevant['rel?v?nt] a.1.贴切的，中肯的； 2.与……有关的（to）communicator [k?'mju:nikeit?] n.传播者，传播工作者participation[pɑ:tisi'pei??n]n.参加，参与attainment[?'teinm?nt] n.1.达到，到达； 2.[常pl.]成就，造诣be concerned with 1.关于，涉及； 2.忙于……； 3.关心，关切attach importance to认为……很重要take to 1.开始从事；2.养成……的习惯 3.培养对……的爱好put……to use使用；利用be relevant to 与……有关on the part of就……而言set……as objective把……作为目标elusive[i'lju:siv,-s?ri] a.1.躲避的；2.难以捉摸的，难以理解的tricky['triki] a.1.狡猾的，耍花招的； 2.难以处理的slip[slip]vi.1.滑动，滑过； 2.溜，溜走；vt.使滑动；使滑过quicksand['kwiks?nd] n.流沙oversupply[,?uv?s?'plai, '?uv?s?,plai] vt./n.过多供应wayside['weisaid]n.路边；2.路边的flexible['fleksibl] a.1.柔韧的，柔顺的； 2.可变通的，灵活的readjustment[,ri:?'d??stm?nt]n.再整理，再调整project['pr?d?ekt, 'pr?u, pr?'d?ekt] n.1.设计，规划； 2.项目；vt.1.方案，计划；2.投射，映射 3.使突出appointment[?'p?intm?nt] n.1.任命；2.约会weekly['wi:kli] a.每周的；一周一次的；ad.每周；每周一次；n.周刊，周报adjustment[?'d??stm?nt]n.调整realistic[,ri?'listik, ,ri:-] a.1.现实的，实际的； 2.逼真的；3.现实主义的，现实主义者的underestimate[,?nd?'estimeit] vt.低估；看轻overestimate[,?uv?r'estimeit, -'estim?t]vt.过高估计；过高评价emergency [i'm?:d??nsi] n.紧急情况；突发事件routine [ru:'ti:n] n.日常工作；例行手续，常规； 2.日常的；例行的；常规的crash [kr??] a.紧急的，速成的inflexible[in'fleks?bl] a.1.不可弯曲的，僵硬的； 2.不可改变的，固执的adjust[?'d??st]vt.1.调整，调节； 2.校准deem [di:m] vt.认为，相信assignment [?'sainm?nt] n.1.分配，委派； 2.任务，（课外）作业freshman['fre?m?n]n.1新手，生手； 2.大学一年级学生kid[kid]vt./vi./n.1.戏弄，开玩笑； 2.欺骗，哄骗faithfully ['feiθfuli]adv忠诚地；如实地temptation [temp'tei??n]n.引诱，诱惑look ahead to 向前看；展望未来allocate……for分配给……；配给fall by the wayside半途而废，中途退出hang up 1.把……挂起来； 2.挂断（电话）； 3.延迟，拖延throw off 扔掉；摆脱work out 做出；制定出retention [ri'ten??n] n.保持；保留distract[dis'tr?kt] vt.分散（注意，心思等）；使人分心adversely [?d'v?:sli] ad.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地appreciate[?'pri:?ieit] vt.1.欣赏，鉴赏； 2.正确评价，鉴别；3感激，感谢contrary ['k?ntr?ri] a.相反的，相对的，与……相反（to）mislead [,mis'li:d] vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错motivation[,m?uti'vei??n] n.动机；动力inefficient [,ini'fi??nt] a.无效的；效率低的exceptional [ik'sep??n?l] a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的hinder ['hind?] vt.阻止；妨碍typical['tipik?l] a.典型的，代表性的to date 到目前为止attend to 专心；注意；照顾make the grade 取得成功，达到理想标准fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃be true of 符合于……，对……适用classify [/'kl?sifai/] vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级； 2.把……列为（as）aged ['eid?id] a.年老的，老的northwestern[,n?:θ'west?n] a.1.在西北的，向西北的； 2.来自西北的approximate [?'pr?ksimit，?'pr?ksimeit] a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近（to）paradox ['p?r?d?ks] 1.似非而可能是的论点； 2.自相矛盾的话proportion [pr?u'p?:??n] n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称dependency [ di'pend?nsi] n.从属；依赖（on）advantageous [,?dv?n'teid??s] a.有利的，有助的liability [,lai?'bil?ti] n.1.责任，义务；2.[pl.]债务，负债；3.不利条件，妨碍的人（或物）inactive [in'?ktiv] a.不活动的；不活跃的appreciation[?,pri:?i'ei??n] n.1.欣赏，鉴赏； 2.正确评价；3.感激，感谢salient['seilj?nt, -li?nt]a.1.突出的，凸起的； 2.显著的resettlement[ri'setlm?nt;]n.重新定居，重新安置acknowledge[?k'n?lid?]vt.1.承认；2.表示感谢fore [f?:] ad.在前面；a.1.先时的，先前的； 2.在前部的；n.前部gathering ['ɡ?e?ri?] n.1.聚集；2.集会birthrate ['b?:θreit]n.出生率elsewhere [,els'hwε？] ad.在别处；向别处demography[di:'m?ɡr?fi] n.人口统计学alter['?:lt?] vt./vi.改变，改动experiential[ik,spi?ri'en??l] a.经验的；凭经验的continued[k?n'tinju:d] a.继续的，连续的lengthen['le?θ？n] vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸wealthy ['welθi] a.富裕的；丰富的neglect [ni'ɡlekt] vt.1.忽视，忽略； 2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽expectation[,ekspek'tei??n] n.1.期待；2.估计寿命slippery ['slip?ri] a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的demographer [di:'m?ɡr?f?] n.人口学家revision[ri'vi??n]n.修订，修改upwards ['?pw?dz] ad.向上；趋向上升approximate to与……接近to the fore 1.在前面，到前面； 2.在显著地位resistance to 对……的阻力esteem [i'sti:m] vt./n.尊敬，尊重cope[k?up] vi.对付，妥善处理（with）parenting ['pε？r?nti?] n.父母对孩子的养育tone[t?un]n.1.音调，音色； 2.腔调，语气； 3.[语]声调，语调infant'inf?nt]n.婴儿，幼儿； a.婴儿的，幼儿的lovable['l?v?bl] a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的manageable['m?nid??bl] a.易管理的unlovable[,?n'l?v?bl] a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的worthless['w?:θlis] a.1.无价值的，无用的； 2.不足道的，不可取的ultimately ['?ltim?tli] ad.最后，最终地self-defeating [,selfdi'fi:ti?] a.1.自我挫败的； 2.有违被衰的crisis ['kraisis] n.1危机；2.决定性时刻withdraw[wie'dr?:, wiθ-]vt.1.收回，提取；2.撤退，撤销；vi.1.撤退，退出； 2.退缩，逃避现实inconsiderate [,ink?n'sid?r?t] a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人outcome ['autk?m]n.1.结果，结局； 2.出路，出口reinforcement[,ri:in'f?:sm?nt] n.增强，加固；强化tangible['t?nd??bl] a.1.可触摸的，可感知的； 2.确实的，真实的attribute[?'tribju:t, '?tribju:t]n.1.属性，特征； 2.[语]定语；vt.把……归因于（to）fold[f?uld] vt./vi.折叠；对折； n.褶（痕）appropriate [?'pr?uprieit, ?'pr?upri?t] a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的cope with 对付；处理no other……than 1.除……外没有，只有； 2.正是，就是take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……便宜act out 1.将……表演出来； 2.（用行动）表示出来election [i'lek??n] n.选举；选举权presidential [,prezi'den??l] a.总统（或校长）的，总统（或校长等）职务的winner['win?] n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者republican [ri'p?blik?n] a.1.共和国的；2.[R-]（美国）共和党的；n.1.共和主义者； 2.[R-]共和党党员democratic[,dem?'kr?tik,-k?l] a.民主的，民主主义的nominee [,n?mi'ni:] n.被提名者；被任命者vote [v?ut] n.1.选举，投票； 2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举certainty ['s?:t?nti] n.一定；必定nomination [,n?mi'nei??n] n.提名；任命loyalty ['l?i?lti] n.忠诚；忠心decline[di'klain]vi.1.下倾，下降； 2.衰退，衰落； 3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降； 2.衰退，衰落democrat['dem?kr?t] n.1.民主主义者，民主人士； 2.[D-]民主党党员voter['v?ut?] n.选举人，投票人strategically [str?'ti:d?ik?li] ad.战略上地，颇具策略地pursue [p?'sju:, -'su:]vt.1.追赶；2.追求，寻求；3.进行，从事impact ['imp?kt, im'p?kt] n.1.冲击，碰拦； 2.效果，影响；vt.装紧，压紧headquarters [,hed'kw?:t?z][复]n.1.司令部，指挥部；2.（机构，企业）总部，总店economy[i'k?n?mi] n.1.经济；2.节约strategist['str?tid?ist]n.战略家rating['reiti?] n.1.等级，规格； 2.评定结果，（电视）收视率poll[p?ul] n.1.选举，投票； 2.民意测验；vt1.得到选票； 2.对……进行民事测验；vi.投票stir[st?:] vt.1.搅拌，搅动；2.激起，打动；vi.微动；活动；n.惊动；轰动strategy['str?tid?i] n.战略；策略constitutional [,k?nsti'tju:??n?l] a.1.宪法上规定的； 2.组成的，构成的provision [pr?u'vi??n] n.1.供应，供应品； 2.条款，规定； 3.[常pl.]给养，口粮electoral [i'lekt?r?l]a.选举的representation [,reprizen'tei??n] n.1.描写，表现； 2.代表，代理congress['k??ɡres, k?n'ɡres]n.1.（代表）大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]（美法等的）参议院，上院House [haus, hauz] n.[英]议院district ['distrikt] n.1.区，行政区； 2.地区，区域representative [,repri'zent?tiv] n.代表，代表人； a.典型的，有代表性的presidency ['prezid?nsi]n.1.总统（或校长，会长，行长等）职务（或职权，任期）；2.管辖overwhelming[,?uv?'hwelmi?] a.压倒之势的stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望identify……as把……看作impact on 对……之影响contest ['k?ntest, k?n'test]n.1.竞争，比赛； 2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩rivalry ['raiv?lri] n.竞争；对抗dozen ['d?z?n] n.1.一打，十二个； 2.十来个，十几个nominate ['n?mineit, 'n?min?t, -neit]vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名electorate [i'lekt?r?t] n.全体选民；选区inevitably[in'evit?bli]ad.不可避免地，必然地dominance['d?min?ns,-n?nsi] n.优势，控制，统治assault[?'s?:lt] n.1.攻击，袭击；2.（军）冲击，突击，强击parliamentary[,pɑ:l?'m ent?ri] a.议会的，国会的congressman ['k??ɡresm?n] n.（美）国会议员statistically[st?'tistikli] ad.在统计方面dominant['d?min?nt] a.占优势的；支配的majority[m?'d??riti] n.1.多数，大半； 2.多数党，多数派automatically[,?:t?'m?tik?li]ad.自动地；习惯性地competitor [k?m'petit?] n.竞争者；对手running['r?ni?] n.1.跑，赛跑；2.竞选inevitable [in'evit?bl] a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的peaceful ['pi:sful] a.1.平静的，安宁的； 2.和平的，和平方式的transfer [tr?ns'f?:] vt.1.转移，传输；2调动；3.改变；vi.1.转移，转学； 2.换车；换船；n.转移，传输，变换overturn [,?uv?'t?:n, '?uv?t?:n] vt./n.1.打翻，使翻过来； 2.推翻，颠覆，毁灭；vi.翻身；倒下foolproof ['fu:l,pru:f] a.1.连傻子都懂的； 2.不会出毛病的； 3.有安全装置的monopoly[m?'n?p?li] n.垄断；专卖opposition [,?p?'zi??n] n.1.反对，反抗； 2.对立，意见相反monopolize [m?'n?p?laiz] v.垄断；专卖moderation[,m?d?'rei??n] n.1.温和，适度； 2.缓和，减轻legislation[,led?is'lei??n]n.1.立法；2.法律，法规temporarily ['temp?r?rili, ,temp?'rε？-]ad.暂时地，临时地break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解in the running 参赛，参加竞选in power 掌权的，执政的out of power丧失权力in favour of 1.赞成，支持； 2.为……的利益，有利于； 3.支付给come into power 上台；开始掌权carry on 1.经营，进行；ɑ.继续anaesthetics[,?nis'θetiks] n.麻醉学vaccine ['v?ksi:n]n.牛痘苗；疫苗； a.牛痘的；疫苗的diabetes [,dai?'bi:ti:z] n.糖尿病developmental [di,vel?p'ment?l] a.1.发展的，开发的； 2.促使成长的，起改进作用的disorder [dis'?:d?] n.1.混乱；2.失调，紊乱；vt.使混乱；使失调irrelevant[i'rel?v?nt] a.不相干的，离题的，与……不相干（to）misleading[,mis'li:di?] a.引入歧途的；使人误解的irresponsible[,iri'sp?ns?bl] a.无责任感的，不负责任的unethical[?n'eθikl] a.不合伦理的；不合道德的thalidomide [θ？'lid?maid] n.[药]萨立多胺（原用作中枢神经镇静剂，因有造成胎儿缺肢畸形的副作用，已被禁用）replacement[ri'pleism?nt]n.1.复位，复职； 2.替换，代替refinement[ri'fainm?nt] n.精炼，精制simulate['simjuleit]vt……假装，冒充；ɑ.模仿，模拟cell [sel] 1.细胞；2.小房间，单人牢房toxicity [t?k'sis?ti] n.毒性eventual[i'vent?u?l] a.最后的，结局的dose[d?us] n.（一次）剂量replace [ri'pleis]vt.1.把……放回（原处），使恢复（原职）； 2.更换，以……替代tube [tju:b, tu:b] n.1.管，软管； 2.电子管，真空管； 3.[英]地铁partly ['pɑ:tli] ad.部分地；在一定程度上polio ['p?uli?u]n.[医]脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症biomedical[,bai?u'medik?l] a.生物医学的ethics ['eθiks] n.[pl.]1.[用作单]伦理学；2.伦理观，道德标准undergo [,?nd?'ɡ?u]vt.经历，经受；忍受suitable['sju:t?bl] a.合适的；适当的rabbit ['r?bit] n.兔litter ['lit?]n.1.（供动物睡眠或植物防冻的）干草； 2.杂乱无章；3.（猫狗等）一窝（仔畜）； 4.[总称]乱丢的东西（尤指废纸等杂物）；vt.1.为（动物）铺草； 2.（多产动物）产（仔）； 3.乱丢refine [ri'fain]vt.1.提纯，精制； 2.使精美，使改进；vt.1.精炼，提纯；2.变优雅regeneration[ri,d?en?'rei??n, ri:-] n.新生，再生，复兴paralyse['p?r?laiz] vt.1.使麻痹，使瘫痪； 2.使无力，使气馁regrow[ri:'ɡr?u] vt.再生长，重新生长reproduce[,ri:pr?'dju:s]vt.1.繁殖；2.再生产，再生长（器官）； 2.复制；4.再现，重现sacrifice to 向……献祭；为……而牺牲；为……而失去do research into 进行……的研究be central to 对……极为重要的do experiment on 用……做实验be irrelevant to 与……不相干；不切题test on 对……进行试验aim for瞄准；以……为目标pet [pet] n.宠物，爱畜； a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的delightful[di'laitful] a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的humanity [hju:'m?n?ti] n.1.人性，博爱，仁慈； 2.人类negative['neɡ?tiv] a.1.否定的，否认的；2.反面的，消极的；3.[数]负的，[电]阴性的；n.1.负片，底片； 2.负数remark [ri'mɑ:k]vt.说，评论；vi.评论，议论（on）；n.评论，看法touching ['t?t?i?] a.动人的，使人感伤的going['ɡ?ui?]n.进行状况；a.进行中的；现行的coming ['k?mi?] a.正在到来的，即将来到的；n.来到，到达literal['lit?r?l] a.1.精确的，如实的； 2.逐字的，字面的grant[ɡrɑ:nt, ɡr?nt]v t.同意；准予；n.1.同意，授予； 2.拨款contented [k?n'tentid] a.满足的，满意的serene [si'ri:n] a.安详的；宁静的contemplate['k?nt?m,pleit]vt.1.注视，凝视； 2.沉思plea[pli:] n.1.请求，恳求； 2.托词devotion [di'v?u??n] n.献身，忠诚ownership['?un??ip] n.1.拥有；2.所有权，所有制imperative [im'per?tiv] a.1.绝对必要的，迫切的； 2.命令，强制的； 3.[语]祈使的stricken ['strik?n] I. strike的过去分词 II.a.1.被打中的，被击伤的；2（常用以构成复合词）受灾的，受侵袭的relief [ri'li:f]n.1.（痛苦，压迫等）减轻，宽慰； 2.救济donation [d?u'nei??n] n.捐献；赠送afflict [?'flikt] vt.使苦恼，折磨deprive[di'praiv] vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去（of）individualistic['indi,vidju?'listik, -d?u-] a.个人主义（者）的prevail[pri'veil, pri:-]vi.1.胜过（over， against）；2.流行，盛行starvation [stɑ:'vei??n]n.饥饿；饿死kwashiorkor [,kwɑ:?i'?:k?] n.[医]恶性营养不良症deficiency[di'fi??nsi] n.缺乏，不足starve [stɑ:v] vi.1.饿死；2.挨饿；3.极需，渴望（for）；vt.使饿死；使挨饿sustain [s?'stein] vt.1.支撑，承受住； 2.供养，维持unreasonable[,?n'ri:z?n?bl] a.1.不讲道理的，非理智的；2.不合情理的，过度的bring out 1.使显现，显示；2生产，使产生attach……to使……与……相关，把……附加到goings and comings 1.来往；2.活动，发生的事take……for granted 1.认为真实； 2.视为当然at ease 自在的，舒适的plea for 恳求；请求not that……并不是说not （never） for a moment 决不；从不break in on（upon） 1.打扰；2.打断，闯进feel bitter at 对……怀恨seize hold of 1.抓住；2.占有daydream['deidri:m] vi./n.白日做梦symptom['simpt?m] n.症状，征兆habitual[h?'bitju?l] a.1.习惯性的，习以为常的 2.惯常的，已成规则的maladjustment [,m?l?'d??stm?nt] n.1.失调；2.不适应环境compensatory[k?m'pens?t?ri] a.赔偿，补偿的equilibrium [,i:kwi'libri?m]n.1.平衡，均衡，平均，相称； 2.均势；3.（心情的）平静； 4.（判断上的）不偏不倚intellectual[,int?'lektju?l, -t?u?l] n.知识分子； a.智力的，理智的detail ['di:teil, di'teil] n.细节，详情；vt.详述，详细说明enhance [in'hɑ:ns, -h?ns] vt.提高；增强spur [sp?:] vt.1.用催马刺催促（马）； 2.激励，鞭策；n.1.踢马刺；2.刺激（物），激励，鼓舞initial [i'ni??l] a.1.最初的，开始的； 2.词首的；n.首字母inventor [in'vent?] n.发明者，创造者waylay[,wei'lei, 'weilei] vt.伏击；拦住……问讯muse [mju:z] v./n.沉思，冥想confront[k?n'fr?nt] vt.1.面对，遭遇； 2.正视，对抗painter ['peint?]n.漆工；画家sensitivity [,sensi'tiviti] n.敏感性；灵敏度inner ['in?] a.1.内部的，里面的； 2.思想的，精神的；n.内部；里面reflection [re'flek??n] n.1.反射，反映，映像； 2.深思，考虑creativity[,kriei'tiviti] n.创造性effortless['ef?tlis] a.1.不作努力的； 2.不费力的，容易的dreamlike ['dri:mlaik] a.梦一般的，梦幻的surrounding [s?'raundi?] n.[pl.]周围的事物；环境； a.周围的character['k?r?kt?]n.1.性格，品质； 2.特性，特征； 3.人物，角色； 4.（书写或印刷）符号，（汉）字thinker['θi?k?] n.思想家；思考者steadily ['stedili] ad.稳固地；稳定地vividly ['vividli] ad.鲜明地；生动地drift [drift] n.1.漂流； 2.趋势，倾向；vi.漂流；漂泊；vt.使漂流trace [treis] n.1.痕迹，踪迹； 2.微量，少许；vt.跟踪，查找undisturbed [,?ndi'st?:bd] a.不受干扰的；宁静的tune[tju:n, tu:n] n.1.曲调，曲子； 2.和谐，协调；vt.1.为（乐器）调音； 2.和谐，调节midst[midst] n.中间，当中；prep.（=amidst）在……当中impoverished[im'p?v?ri?t] a.贫困的，赤贫的well-being ['wel'bi:?] n.1.健康；2.福利，幸福modest ['m?dist] a.1.谦虚的，谦恭的； 2.适中的，不过分的investment [in'vestm?nt] n.投资；（时间，精力的）投入excitement[ik'saitm?nt] n.刺激；兴奋to excess过分，过度，过量substitute……for用……代替……be contrary to 与……相反in reality 实际上，事实上put off 1.延期；2.消除；3.阻碍let go of 放手；放开be confronted with 面临，面对draw on 1.用做来源，依靠； 2.临近gaze at凝视，注视be unaware of 不知道……，没觉察到……dream of 梦见；梦想in one's mind's eye 在脑海里at sea 1.在海上，在航海中； 2.迷惑，茫然go over 1.越过，渡过； 2.仔细检查impress……on使……铭记，牢记be free from 没有……的；不受……的put aside 1.放在一边，撇开； 2.储存be beneficial to对……有益add up to 1.总和是；2.[口]总起来意味着perchance [p?'t?ɑ:ns] ad.[古]1.偶然，意外地； 2.可能，或许miserable['miz?r?bl] a.悲惨的；可怜的far-fetched ['fɑ:'fet?t] a.1.牵强的；2.未必会的，靠不住的veteran['vet?r?n] n.1.老兵，老手；2.[美]退伍军人；a.老练的；经验丰富的administration [?d,mini'strei??n] n.1.管理，经营； 2.行政，行政机关sleepy['sli:pi] a.困倦的，嗜睡的link[li?k] n.环节，联系；vt.用环连接；联系elude [i'lju:d] vt.（巧妙地）逃避，躲避respectively[ri'spektivli]ad.各自地，分别地definitive[di'finitiv] a.1.决定的，确定的； 2.限定的，明确的evolve[i'v?lv]vt.1.使发展，使形成，制定； 2.引申出，推论；vi.1.进展；2.进化differ ['dif?] vi.1.不同，相异（from）；2.与……意见不同（from， with）surprisingly [s?'praizi?li]ad.惊人地；出乎意料地。

flexible budgetFlexed budget和flexible budget区别：含义不同、用法不同、侧重点不同一、含义不同Flexed budget1.变动限额预算，固定预算，会计词汇。

Flexed， n.折曲；〔主英〕【电学】花线；〔植〕亚麻；亚麻皮。

1.un.机动预算，弹性预算；弹性预算法。

flexible，adj.能适应新情况的；灵活的；可变动的；柔韧的。

二、用法不同1.固定费用预算习题需要在固定开支和时限内完成设计、实物模型、和建造。

2.固定预算Expertsbelievethat thebrainhasafixedbudgetof resources,withdemandson itsattentionservingasexpenses.专家认为脑力的使用有一个固定的预算量，注意力需要多少，就提供多少。

3.固定成本预算I am veyinterestedin this activity,butI regretto say thatwehaveafixedbudgetforsponsorshipeachyear.我们对艺术节很感兴趣，但是很遗憾，我们每年有固定的赞助预算。

1.机动预算公司将直接材料，直接人工的弹性差异分为价格和效率差异。

2.弹性预算Flexible budget variances are differences between actual results and flexible budget amounts.弹性预算差异是实际结果与弹性预算结果不同而产生的差异。

3.弹性预算法Sales volume variances are differences between amounts in the flexible budget and amounts in the master budget.销售数量差异是由于弹性预算中的业务量与总预算中的业务量不同而产生的差异。

organizational [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃənəl, -ni'z-] a.组织（上）的goal[ɡəul] n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门objective[əb'dʒektiv, ɔb-]n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2如实的，无偏见的accomplish [ə'kʌmpliʃ, ə'kɔm-]vt.完成（任务等）predict[pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示accompany[ə'kʌmpəni]vt.1.伴随，陪同； 2.为……伴奏implement['implimənt, 'impliment]vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等）constraint [kən'streint] n.1.强制；2强制因素，制约条件precedent[pri'si:dənt, 'presi-] n.先例，前例simplify['simplifai] vt.简化tendency['tendənsi] n.趋势，倾向managerial[,mæni'dʒiəriəl] a.1.经理的，管理人的；2管理上的，经营上的maker['meikə] n.制造者；制造商achievement[ə'tʃi:vmənt] n.1.完成，达到；2成就，成绩attain[ə'tein] vt.达到；完成optimal['ɔptiməl] a.最适宜的；最理想的suboptimization[sʌb,ɔptimai-'zeiʃən, -mi'z-] n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现）trade-off n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2物物交换argue['ɑɡju:] vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2用辩论证明budget['bʌdʒit]n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算；2安排，预定scheme[ski:m] n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划define[di'fain] vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2限定，规定multiple ['mʌltipl] a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数profitability[,prɑfɪtə'bɪlətɪ]n.赚钱，获利correctness[kə'rektnis] n.正确，正确性unintended[,ʌnin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing['ɔn,ɡəuiŋ, 'ɔ:n-] a.进行中的，前进的entity['entəti] n.1.存在，实体；2统一性skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路；碍事make a guess at猜测and the like 等等，诸如此类seek to 追求，争取inpart 部分地，在某种程度上point of view 观点interview['intəvju:]vt./n.1.面谈，采访；2面试，口试criticism ['kriti,sizəm]n.批评；评论candidate['kændideit, -dət] n.1.候选人，候补者；2应试者vague[veiɡ] a.含糊的；不明确的notion['nəuʃən] 1. 概念；2.想法，看法prospect['prɔspekt]n.1.展望，景象；2[常pl.]前景，前程community [kə'mju:niti]n.社区；共同体unattractive[,ʌnə'træktiv] a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的indifference[in'difərəns] n.冷漠；不感兴趣（to）interviewer['intəvju:ə]n.接见者；面谈者personality [,pə:sə'næləti] n. 个性；人格；品格prospective[prəu'spektiv] a.预期的；未来的speechless['spi:tʃlis] a.1.不会说话的2不说话的clarification['klærifi'keiʃən] n.澄清，阐明correspondence[,kɔ:ris'pɔndəns] n.1.符合，一致；2通信photocopy['fəutə,kɔpi] vt./n.1.复印，影印；2照相复制本resume[ri'zju:m, -'zu:m]n.1.摘要，梗概；2个人简历inefficiency[,ini'fiʃənsi]n.无效；效能差neat[ni:t] a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的conservative[kən'sə:vətiv] a.1.保存的，防腐的；2守的，守旧的punk[pʌŋk] n.1.（俚）阿飞；2.朋克（60年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派）；a.颓废派的miniskirt['miniskə:t] n.超短裙panel ['pænl]n.专门小组intimidate[in'timideit] vt.恐吓，恫吓clutch[klʌtʃ] vt./vi.抓住，握紧grip[ɡrip]vt./n.1.紧握，紧夹2掌握，控制painful['peinfl] a.1.痛苦的；2费力的rephrase[ri:'freiz] vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示apply for 申请day to day（=day-to-day）work 日常工作take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力put oneself in somebody's place 设身处地to one's advantage 对某人有利ask for 1.请求，向……要；2寻找in hand 手头上有make sure 1.查明，弄确实；2确信at a disadvantage 处于不利地位turn down 1.拒绝；2调小或调低；3.翻下astronomer[ə'strɔnəmə] n.天文学家escape[i'skeip] vi./vt.逃跑；避免；n.1.逃跑；2逃路，出口exert[iɡ'zə:t]vt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）explode[ik'spləud] vt.使爆炸；vi.爆炸，突发density['densəti]n.1.密集度稠密度2[物][化]密度collapse[kə'læps] vt./vi./n（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解supernova[,sju:pə'nəuvə] n.[天]超新星daytime['deitaim]n.白天，日间dwarf[dwɔ:f] n.1.矮子；2[天]矮星（= ～ star，如太阳）shrink[ʃriŋk] vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；vi./n.退缩，畏缩gravity ['ɡræviti]n.1.严肃，认真；2严重性，重要性；3[物]重力，地球引力marble['mɑ:bl]n.1. （游戏用的玻璃、石头等做的）弹子；2大理石；3大理石的，大理石般的boundary ['baundəri] n.分界线，边界observer[əb'zə:və, ɔb-] n.1.遵守者，奉行者；2观察者，监视者interchangeable[,intə'tʃeindʒəbl] a.可交换的；可互换的constant['kɔnstənt] a.1.永恒的，经久不变的；2经常的，不断的；n.[数] 常数measurement ['meʒəmənt] n.衡量，测量implication[,impli'keiʃən] n.1.含意，暗示；2.牵连，涉及，卷入basis ['beisis] n.1.基础，根据；2.主要成份；3.军事基地launch[lɔ:ntʃ, lɑ:ntʃ] vt.1.发射，投射；2.使（船）下水；3.发动，发起（运动等）；n.发射（船）下水galaxy ['ɡæləksi] n.1.[天]星系，[G-]银河系，银河；2一群出色（或著名）的人物observatory [əb'zə:vitəri, ɔb-]n.1.天文台；2了望台convincing[kən'vinsiŋ] a.有说服力的，使人信服的binary['bainəri] a.1.二，双，复；2[数]二进制的；n.1.二，双（体），复（体）；twin [twin]a.1.双胞胎的；2个相似部分组成的；n.1.双胞胎之一，[pl.] 双胞胎；2两个相象的人或物；3[Twins][天]双子座companion[kəm'pænjən]n.1.同伴同事2[天]伴星speculation[,spekju'leiʃən] n.1.推测，猜测2投机swallow ['swɔləu] vt.吞咽mankind[,mæn'kaind]n.人类operate['ɔpəreit] vi.1.运转，起作用；2.动手术（on， upon）；vt.1.操作，操纵，经营；2.对……动手术research into研究speculation about关于……猜测swallow up吞没，耗尽make use of 利用planet['plænit] n.行星revolve[ri'vɔlv, -'vɔ:lv] vi.旋转；绕转solar['səulə] a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的largely['lɑ:dʒli] ad.1.大量地；2.主要地glitter['ɡlitə] vi.闪闪发光，闪烁；n.闪光cloudless['klaudlis] a.无云的，晴朗的astronaut['æstrənɔ:t]n.宇航员thrilling ['θriliŋ] a.1.令人激动的2.颤动的，震颤的outer['autə] a.外部的whereas [hwεə'æz]conj.而，却；反之lesser ['lesə] a.较小的；更少的；次要的concerned[kən'sə:nd] a.1.有关的；2.关切的，担心的microscopic[,maikrə'skɔpik] 1.显微镜的；2.微观的；3.微小的，细微的whilst[hwailst]conj.1.当……时；2.然而；3.虽然，尽管plateau['plætəu, plæ't-] n.高原tropical['trɔpikəl] a.1.热带的；2.炎热的coloured['kʌləd] a.有色的religion[ri'lidʒən] n.宗教；宗教信仰circumstance['sə:kəmstəns]n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇a great many很多above all 首先，首要as a rule 通常；一般说来euthanasia [,ju:θə'neizjə] n.1.无痛楚的死亡；2.安乐死weaken['wi:kən] vt.削弱，减弱；vi.变弱Dutchman['dʌtʃmən] n.荷兰人deteriorate [di'tiəriəreit] vt./vi.（使）恶化lethal['li:θəl] a.致死的injection [in'dʒekʃən] n.1.注射；2注射剂，针剂nationwide ['neiʃənwaid] a.全国性；ad.在全国范围内debate[di'beit]vt./n.争论，辩论；vi.对……进行争论，辩论（about，on）legal['li:ɡəl] a.1.法律上的；2.合法的Dutch[dʌtʃ] a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的；n.1.[the Dutch][总称]荷兰人；2.荷兰语Parliament['pɑ:ləmənt] n.1.议会，国会；2.[P-]（英国或加拿大等的）议会，国会Prosecute['prɔsikju:t] vt.对……起诉，告发Request [ri'kwest] vt./n.请求，要求criterion[krai'tiəriən] n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则crowd[kraud] n.群，人群；vi.聚集，群集ensure[in'ʃuə]vt.保证，担保healthcare['helθkεə]n.保健oppose [ə'pəuz] vt.1.反对，反抗；2.使相对，使对抗（to）tradition [trə'diʃən] n.传统；惯例hospice['hɔspis] n.（晚期病人）收容所council['kaunsəl]n.理事会，委员会founder ['faundə] n.创始者；缔造者consideration[kən,sidə'reiʃən] n.1.考虑；2.体谅，照顾elderly ['eldəli] a较老的，人过中年的；n.近老年人，到了晚年的人disabled[dis'eibld] a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的burden ['bə:dən] n.1.担子，负担；2.责任，义务；vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累opt[ɔpt]vi.抉择，选择（for），在……之间选择（between）shorten['ʃɔ:tən] vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少vulnerable['vʌlnərəbl] a.1.易受伤的，弱小的；2.易受……攻击的，易受……伤害的（to）prohibition [,prəuhi'biʃən] n.禁止；禁令individual[,indi'vidjuəl, -dʒəl] n.个人，个体，独立单位；a.1.个人的；2.个别的paternalistic[pə,tə:nəl'istik] a.家长式统治的；家长作风的moving ['mu:viŋ] a.1.活动的，移动的；2.动人的，令人感动的sensitive['sensitiv] a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的be affected with患有……疾病debate on 关于……进行辩论make request for 要求……be opposed to 反对open up1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话take……into account考虑到need for对……的需要opt out of 决定不参加……，决定（从……）中退出have……at heart对某事十分关心conspiracy[kən'spirəsi]n.1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派old-boy ['əuld'bɔi] n.1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄network['netwə:k] 1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络escalator['eskəleitə]n.自动扶梯privilege ['privilidʒ] n.特权；vt.给予……特权profession[prəu'feʃən] n. （尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）职业graduate['ɡrædʒuət, -eit, 'ɡrædjueit, -dʒu-] vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业；vt.[主美]准予……毕业；a.1.毕业的；2.研究生的；n.大学毕业生，[美]毕业生unfair[,ʌn'fεə] a.不公平的，不公正的employment[im'plɔimənt] n.1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作publish ['pʌbliʃ]vt.1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表senior ['si:njə] a.1.年长的，年纪较大的；2.地位较高的，资历较深的；3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的；n.1.年长者；2资历深者，上级appoint [ə'pɔint] vt.1.任命，委任（as）；2.私营的，私立的；3秘密的，私下的headmaster['hed'mɑ:stə, -mæstə] n.（中学或小学的）校长leading ['li:diŋ] a.1.领导的，指引的；2.最重要的，主要的bias['baiəs]n.偏见；v.[常用被动语态]有偏见（常与against，towards连用）entry['entri] n.1.进入，入场（权），入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，账目merit['merit] n.1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳fiercely['fiəsli] ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地competitive[kəm'petitiv] a.竞争的；比赛的entrance['entrəns] n.1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学additional[ə'diʃənəl] a.附加的，追加的；另外的abolish [ə'bɔliʃ] vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消applicant['æplikənt] n.申请人，请求者performance[pə'fɔ:məns] n.1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏accessible[ək'sesəbl] a.1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to）；3可理解的（to）elite [ei'li:t, i'li:t] n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物；a.杰出的，精英的academic[,ækə'demik] a.1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的excellence['eksələns]n.优秀，杰出recruit[ri'kru:t] vt./vi.1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员equivalent [i'kwivələnt] a.1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价（物），等量（物）；2.对应词（或对应语）ivy['aivi]n.常青replicate['replikit, 'replikeit] vt.重复；复制elitist [ei'li:tist, i'-] n.1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者；adj.1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的remedial [ri'mi:diəl, -djəl] a.1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的prime[praim] a.1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的vision['viʒən]n.1.想象力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光classless[/'klɑ:slis/] a.1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的amount to 1.达到总计；2.相当于，等于on average 平均blame……for为……责备某人by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言be worth doing 值得做……slavery['sleivəri] n.1.奴隶制度，奴役；2.奴隶身份domestic[dəu'mestik] adj.1.家庭的，家务的；2.国内的，本国的；n.家仆，佣人Briton['britən] n.大不列颠人；英国人statistics[stə'tistiks] n.1.统计数字，统计资料；2.[用作单]统计学diplomat['dipləmæt] a.外交家；外交官abroad[ə'brɔ:d]ad.到国外；在国外exploit['eksplɔit, ik's-] vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削abuse [ə'bju:z, ə'bju:s]vt./n.1.滥用，妄用；2.虐待，凌辱campaign[kæm'pein]n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动sexually['sekʃuəli]ad.在性方面passport ['pɑ:spɔ:t, 'pæs-] n.护照Filipino [fili'pi:nəu] n.1.菲律宾人；2菲律宾语；a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的maid[meid] n.1.少女；2侍女，女仆execute['eksikju:t] vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2.将……处死convict[kən'vikt] vt.1.证明……有罪（of）；2.宣判；n.罪犯despite[di'spait] prep.尽管，任凭guilt[ɡilt] n.1.有罪；2.内疚deserving[di'zə:viŋ] a.应得的，值得的（of）Saudi['sɔ:di; sɑ:'u:di; 'saudi]n.沙特阿拉伯人；a.沙特阿拉伯的，沙特阿拉伯人的，沙特阿拉伯语的Breadwinner['bred,winə] n.养家糊口的人shelf[ʃelf] n.（壁橱，书橱内）搁板；架子minimum ['miniməm] n.最小量；最低限度；a.最小的；最低的；最少的employee[,emplɔi'i:, em'plɔii:]n.雇员，雇工leaflet['li:flit] n.1.小叶，嫩叶；2.传单，活页incidence['insidəns] n.1.影响程度，影响范围；2. 发生率immigrant['imiɡrənt] a.（从国外）移民的，侨民的；n.移民，侨民status['steitəs, 'stæ-] n.1.情形，状况；2.地位，身份kingdom['kiŋdəm] n.1.王国；2.领域concession [kən'seʃən]n.1.让步；2.特许权；3.租界，租界地immigration [,imi'ɡreiʃən]n.移居；外来的移民foreigner['fɔrinə]n.外国人deport[di'pɔ:t] vt.驱逐出境bring over 把……带来；使转变convict…of证明……有罪，宣判……有罪be deserving o f 值得；应得be supposed to 应该gang[ɡæŋ] n.1.一队，一族；2.（囚犯，歹徒等）一群，一帮eyewitness['ai,witnis] n.目击者；见证人unison ['ju:nizən] n.一致；协调interstate ['intəsteit, intə's-] a.[主美]州际的BBC 英国广播公司Correspondent[,kɔ:ri'spɔndənt] n .1.对应物；2.新闻通讯员，记者，通信者shackle ['ʃækl]n.1.[常pl.]镣铐；2.[pl.]束缚，枷锁ditch [ditʃ] n.沟，沟渠，vt./vi.开渠，筑渠weed [wi:d] n.1.杂草，野草；2.水生植物；vt.除草，拔草deny[di'nai] vt.1.否定，否认；2.拒绝接受，拒绝给予re-introduction[,riɪntrə'dʌkʃən] n.重新采用，重新引入gap[ɡæp]n.裂口，裂缝toilet['tɔilit]n.盥洗室；厕所circus['sə:kəs] n.1.马戏团，杂技团；2.马戏场，杂技场degrade['di'ɡreid]vt.1.降级，贬低；2.堕落；3.退化plantation[plæn'teiʃən] n.1.种植园，大农场；2.植树造林spokesman ['spəuksmən] n.发言人；代言人racist['reisist] n.种族主义者；a.种族主义的；种族歧视的racial ['reiʃəl] a.种族的inhumane[,imhju:'mein] a.不人道的，残忍的ineffective [,ini'fektiv] a .无效的，不起作用的civil ['sivəl] n.1.国民的，民用的；2.国内的，民间的union['ju:niən] n.1.工会，协会；2结合，联合liberty ['libəti] n.1.自由，自由权；2.冒昧，失礼；3.[常pl.]特许权，特权punishment['pʌniʃmənt] n.1.处罚，罚，刑罚；2.折磨，损害disaffection[,disə'fekʃən] n.不满argument['ɑ:ɡjumənt]n.1.争论，辩论；2.论据，理由watch over看守，照管，监视in unison 完全一致地call up 1.打电话；2使想起，使忆起blues[blu:z] n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯（源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调）；2.慢四步舞rock'n'roll ['rɔkən'rəul]n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞folk[fəuk]n.1.人们；2.[口]家属，亲属；a.民间的musician[mju:'ziʃən] n.音乐家；作曲家transformation [,trænsfə'meiʃən, ,trænz-, trɑ:n-] n.1.变化，转化；2改造，改革rhythmic ['riðmik, 'riθ-] a.有韵律的；有节奏的musically['mju:zikəli] ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地distinct [dis'tiŋkt] a.1.与其他不同的，独特的；2.明显的consciousness['kɔnʃəsnis]n.意识，知觉；觉悟youthful['ju:θful] a.1.年轻的；2.朝气蓬勃的anti-war ['ænti'wɔ:] a.反战的sentiment['sentimənt] n.1.感情，情绪；2.感伤spontaneous[spɔn'teiniəs] a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的；2.出自自然的originate[ə'ridʒəneit] vi./vt.发源；发生，发起imitator['imiteitə（r）] n.模仿者Negro['ni:grəu] n.黑人；a.黑人的Eclecticism [e'klektisizəm] n.折衷主义synthesis['sinθisis] n.结合，合成jazz [dʒæz] n.爵士乐readily['redili]ad.1.乐意地；2很快地，容易地limitless['limitlis] a.无限制的，无限的instrument['instrumənt, 'instrə-, -ment] n.1.仪器；2.乐器electronic[,ilek'trɔnik] a.电子的amplifier['æmplifaiə] n.放大器guitar[ɡi'tɑ:] n.六弦琴，吉他electronics[,ilek'trɔniks] [复]n.[用作单]电子学studio['stju:diəu, 'stu:-]n.1.（艺术家的）工作室；2.（无线电，电视）播音室，演播室；3.电影制片厂penetrating['penitreitiŋ] 1.穿透的，贯穿的；2.深刻的，透彻的thereby[,ðεə'bai, 'ðεəbai]ad.由此，从而passive ['pæsiv] a.1.被动的；2.消极的participant[pɑ:'tisipənt] n.参加者；a.参与的multimedia[,mʌlti'mi:diə] a.1.多种手段的；2.多媒体的；同时使用形、光、声效果的；n.多媒体，多媒体的使用ballroom['bɔ:lru:m] n.舞厅lighting['laitiŋ]n.照明，照明设备take place 发生take over 1.接管，接任；2.把……从一处运到另一处take on 1.具有；2.担任（工作等）；3.雇佣composer[kəm'pəuzə] n.作曲家inspire[in'spaiə]vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感fruitful['fru:tful] a.有成果的，有收获的output['autput, ,aut'put]n.1.产量；2.输出theme [θi:m]n.1.题目，主题；2.主旋律invariably[in'vɛəriəbli] ad.不变地improvise['imprəvaiz]vt.1.即兴创作；2.临时准备，临时凑成symphony['simfəni] n.1.交响曲，交响乐；2.交响乐队，交响音乐会handle ['hændl] n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵3.经营，管理constructive [kən'strʌktiv] a.建设的，建设性的creative[kri'eitiv] a.创造性的notebook['nəutbuk]n.笔记本preliminary[pri'liminəri] a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛painstaking['peinz,teikiŋ]] a.苦干的；费力的traditionalist [trə'diʃənəlist]n.传统主义者；因循守旧者thematic[θi'mætik, θi:-] a.1.题目的，主题的；2.主旋律的conception[kən'sepʃən] n.概念，观念well-established['weli'stæbliʃt]a.1.固定下来的；2.得到确认的temper ['tempə] vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼；2.调合well（-）tempered ['wel'tempəd] 1.脾气好的；2.（键盘乐器）调到平均律的clavichord ['klævikɔ:d] n.[音]击弦古钢琴mold [məuld] n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸sake[seik]n.缘故completeness[kəm'pli:tnis] n.1.完整，圆满；2.完成，结束summarize['sʌməraiz] vt./vi.概述，总结diversified [dai'və:sifaid, di-] a.多样化的conventional[kən'venʃənəl] a.1.惯例的，常规的；2.（艺术等）因袭的experimental[ek,speri'mentəl, ek's-] a.实验的；经验的harmony['hɑ:məni] n.1.协调，和谐；2.融洽，一致sonority ['səu'nɔ:rəti, -'nɔ-] n.响亮，洪亮evident['evidənt] a.明显的，明白的in other words 换句话说in a sense 在某种意义上at a stretch连续不断地serve as 适合belong in 应归入（类别、范畴等）in advance 1.在前面；2.预先It goes without saying不言而喻，理所当然for the sake of 为了……之好处；为了……的目的efficiency[i'fiʃənsi] n.1.效率；2.功效，效能，实力robotics [rəu'bɔtiks]n.[用作单]机器人学，机器人技术robot['rəubɔt, -bət, 'rɔbət] n.机器人；自动控制装置increasingly[in'kri:siŋli]ad.不断增加地prevalent['prevələnt] a.流行的，普通的automotive[,ɔ:təu'məutiv] a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的weld[weld] vt./n.焊接spray[sprei] n.1.浪花，水花；2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散cast [kɑ:s, kæst]vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射（光、影，视线等）（on， at）；3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员（阵容）frame[freim]n.构架，框架install [in'stɔ:l]vt.安装appliance [ə'plaiəns] n.1.应用，适用；2.用具，器械calculator ['kælkjuleitə] n.1.计算者；2.计算器radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv] a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的personnel [,pə:sə'nel] n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门）expose[ik'spəuz] vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发radiation [,reidi'eiʃən]n.1.放射，发光；2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能reduction[ri'dʌkʃən]n.1.减少，减小；2.降级，降职；3.归纳，归并automatic[,ɔ:tə'mætik] a.1.自动的；2.无意识的，机械的reprogramme['ri：'prəugræm] v.再次（重新）设定程序completion [kəm'pli:ʃən] n.完成，结束；完满specific [spi'sifik] a.1.特有的，特定的；2.具体的，明确的switch [switʃ]n.1.开关，转换器；2.（思路、话题等的）转换；vt.1.转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2.接通……电流（on），切断……电流（off）；vi.转换，变换critical['kritikəl] a.1.批评（性）的，批判（性）的；2.对……表示谴责的，对……感到不满的（of）；3.紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital['didʒitəl] a.1.手指的，指状的；2.数字的，计数的camera['kæmərə] n.照相机，摄影机light-sensitive[,lait'sensitiv] a.光敏的intensity[in'tensəti] n.强烈，剧烈grayscale['grei,skeil] 灰度（使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调）brightness['braitnis] n.1.明亮，晴朗；2.聪敏，机灵scale[skeil]n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例（尺）；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤shade [ʃeid]n.1.荫，阴影；2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光calculation[,kælkju:leiʃən] n.1.计算，计算结果；2.仔细考虑defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的；有缺陷的assemble[ə'sembl] vt.1.集合；2.装配；vi.集合attendant [ə'tendənt] n.1.侍者，服务员；2.出席者fireman['faiəmən]n.消防队员housekeeper['haus,ki:pə]n.管理家务的主妇；女管家expose to 暴露；面临；曝露in that 在于，原因是in between 在中间；每间隔；在……期间in question 正被谈论的plenty of 大量的；丰富的earthquake['ə:θkweik]n.地震warning['wɔ:niŋ] n.警告；警报；a.警告的forecast['fɔ:kɑ:st] vt.1.预测，预报；2.预示giant['dʒaiənt]n.1.巨大；2.巨物，巨大的动物；a.巨大的shift[ʃift]vt./vi.1.替换；转移；2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移；2.轮班fault [fɔ:lt]n.1.缺点，毛病；2.错误，过失；3.[地]断层seismic ['saizmik, 'sais-] a.地震的precede [pri:'si:d, pri-] vt.先于……，比……优先；vi.在前面，居前，领先radon ['reidɔn] n.氡decay [di'kei]vi.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败；3.[原]衰变；vt.使腐朽，使腐烂；n.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败radium ['reidiəm]n.镭underground['ʌndəɡraund] a.1.地下的；2.秘密的，隐蔽的；ad.1.在地下；2秘密地，隐蔽地speculate['spekjuleit] vi.思索；推测（on/upon， about）；vt.1.投机；2.思索，推测subside[səb'said] vi.1.沉淀；2.沉降，下沉；3.平静下来，平息，减退datum['deitəm] 1.资料，材料，2.数据reliability [ri,laiə'biləti] n.可靠性partial ['pɑ:ʃəl] a.1.偏袒的，偏心的，对……偏袒（to）；2.部分的，不完全的up-to-date['ʌptə'deit] a.1.最新的，现代化的；2.直至目前的analyze ['ænəlaiz] vt.分析eastern ['i:stən] a.1.东方的，东部的；2.向东方的，来自东方的work on 1.从事……；2.对……有影响set up 1.设立，建立；2.建立，提出on the alert警戒，处于戒备状态leadership ['li:dəʃip] n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员research [ri'sə:tʃ, 'ri:s-] n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究attach[ə'tætʃ] vt.（to）1.固定住，系；2.附加，隶属；3.把（重点等）放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋possession[pə'zeʃən] n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产satisfaction [,sætis'fækʃən] n.满意，满足relaxation[,ri:læk'seiʃən] n.1.松弛，放松；2.缓和，减轻；3.休养desirable[di'zaiərəbl] a.称心的，合意的，理想的occupation [,ɔkju'peiʃən] n.1.占领；2.占有；ɔ.职业portray [pɔ:'trei, pəu-] vt.描绘；描写；描述urban ['ə:bən] a.城市的，都市的stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的；压力重的loom [lu:m] vi.隐隐呈现；逼近renewal [ri'nju:əl] n.1.更新；2重新开始underlie[,ʌndə'lai]vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础acquire [ə'kwaiə]vt.获得，得到recognition [,rekəg'niʃən] n.1.认出；2.承认，公认impart[im'pɑ:t] vt.把……分给；给予（to）positive['pɔzətiv, -zi-] a.1.明确的，确实的；2.积极的，肯定的；3.正的，阳性的motivate['məutiveit] vt.作为…的动机，激发relevant['reləvənt] a.1.贴切的，中肯的；2.与……有关的（to）communicator [kə'mju:nikeitə] n.传播者，传播工作者participation[pɑ:tisi'peiʃən]n.参加，参与attainment[ə'teinmənt] n.1.达到，到达；2.[常pl.]成就，造诣be concerned with 1.关于，涉及；2.忙于……；3.关心，关切attach importance to认为……很重要take to 1.开始从事；2.养成……的习惯3.培养对……的爱好put……to use使用；利用be relevant to 与……有关on the part of就……而言set……as objective把……作为目标elusive[i'lju:siv,-səri] a.1.躲避的；2.难以捉摸的，难以理解的tricky['triki] a.1.狡猾的，耍花招的；2.难以处理的slip[slip]vi.1.滑动，滑过；2.溜，溜走；vt.使滑动；使滑过quicksand['kwiksænd] n.流沙oversupply[,əuvəsə'plai, 'əuvəsə,plai] vt./n.过多供应wayside['weisaid]n.路边；2.路边的flexible['fleksibl] a.1.柔韧的，柔顺的；2.可变通的，灵活的readjustment[,ri:ə'dʒʌstmənt] n.再整理，再调整project['prɔdʒekt, 'prəu, prə'dʒekt] n.1.设计，规划；2.项目；vt.1.方案，计划；2.投射，映射3.使突出appointment[ə'pɔintmənt] n.1.任命；2.约会weekly['wi:kli] a.每周的；一周一次的；ad.每周；每周一次；n.周刊，周报adjustment[ə'dʒʌstmənt]n.调整realistic[,riə'listik, ,ri:-] a.1.现实的，实际的；2.逼真的；3.现实主义的，现实主义者的underestimate[,ʌndə'estimeit] vt.低估；看轻overestimate[,əuvər'estimeit, -'estimət]vt.过高估计；过高评价emergency [i'mə:dʒənsi] n.紧急情况；突发事件routine [ru:'ti:n] n.日常工作；例行手续，常规；2.日常的；例行的；常规的crash [kræʃ] a.紧急的，速成的inflexible[in'fleksəbl] a.1.不可弯曲的，僵硬的；2.不可改变的，固执的adjust[ə'dʒʌst]vt.1.调整，调节；2.校准deem [di:m] vt.认为，相信assignment [ə'sainmənt] n.1.分配，委派；2.任务，（课外）作业freshman['freʃmən] n.1新手，生手；2.大学一年级学生kid[kid]vt./vi./n.1.戏弄，开玩笑；2.欺骗，哄骗faithfully ['feiθfuli]adv忠诚地；如实地temptation [temp'teiʃən]n.引诱，诱惑look ahead to 向前看；展望未来allocate……for分配给……；配给fall by the wayside半途而废，中途退出hang up 1.把……挂起来；2.挂断（电话）；3.延迟，拖延throw off 扔掉；摆脱work out 做出；制定出up to date 1.最新的，新式的；2.切合目前情况的（on）kid……into doing欺骗……去做……stick with 坚持；继续jet [dʒet] n.1.喷射；2.喷嘴；3.喷气式飞机，喷气式发动机lag[læɡ]vi.走得慢，落后；n.落后，滞后flight[flait] n.1.飞行，飞翔；2.航班，班机3.逃跑，溃退physiological [,fiziə'lɔdʒikəl] a.生理的，生理学的regulatory ['reɡjulətəri] a.1.规章的；2.调节的mechanism ['mekənizəm] n.1.[机]机构，机制；2.（自然现象等）作用过程hormonal [hɔ:'məunəl] a.荷尔蒙的，激素的secretary['sekrətəri]n.1.秘书；2.书记；3（英，美等国的）部长，大臣negotiation[ni,ɡəuʃi'eiʃən, -si-] n.谈判，协商proceeding [prəu'si:diŋ] n.1.程序，进程；2.[pl.]项目，活动，会议文集instantaneously [,instən'teinjəsli] ad.瞬间地；即刻地transport [træns'pɔ:t; trænz-træns'pɔ:t,] vt.运输；n.运输overcome[,əuvə'kʌm] vt.战胜；克服regulate ['reɡjuleit] vt./n.1.管理；2.调节timing ['taimiŋ]n.1.时间的选择；2.计时，定时periodicity [,piəriə'disiti] n.周期性，间发性internal [in'tə:nəl] a.1.内部的，内在的；2.国内的suprachiasmatic ['sju：prəkaiəz'm1tik] a.超（染色体）交叉的rhythm['riðəm, 'riθəm] n.1.韵律，格律；2.节奏timer['taimə] n.计时员，定时器external[ik'stə:nəl] a.外在的，在外的alarm[ə'lɑ:m]n.1.警报；2.惊恐；vt.1.向……报警，使警觉；2.使……惊恐，打扰reset [,ri:'set, 'ri:set] vt./n.重新安排，重调palm [pɑ:m] n.手掌sweat [swet] n.汗；vi.出汗；vt.使出汗discrepancy [dis'krepənsi] n.差异；不一致bodily['bɔdili] a.身体的，肉体的cortisol ['kɔ:ti,sɔ:l] n.[生]皮质（甾）醇excretion [ek'skri:ʃən] n.排泄；分泌destination [,desti'neiʃən] n.目的地，终点feasible['fi:zəbl] a.可行的，可能的pharmacological [,fɑ:məkə'lɔdʒikəl] a.药物学的，药理学的assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən] n.1.假定，设想；2.承担，采取mid-afternoon [mid 'aftə'nu:n] a.下午三点左右的neutral ['nju:trəl] a.1.中立的；2.中性的wakefulness['weikfulnis] n.觉醒，不眠promote[prəu'məut] vt.1.促进，发扬；2.提升，升级；3.发起，创办synchronize ['siŋkrənaiz] vi.同时发生，同步；vt.使在时间上一致；使同步effect on 对……的作用blame……on把……归咎于to advantage 有利地，有效地as fresh as paint 精神饱满now that （连词）既然，由于leave……alone 1.不管，不理；2.听其自然out of step 步伐不一致；不协调in time 1.及时；2.终于span[/spæn/] n.1.指距，一柞宽；2.跨距；3.一段时间fluctuate['flʌktjueit] vi.1.波动，起伏；2.动摇，不定；vt.使波动，使起伏fluctuation [,flʌktju'eiʃən] n.波动，起伏tick [tik]n.（钟表的）滴答声；vi.（钟表的）滴答响fade [feid, fad] vi.1.凋谢，枯萎；2.（颜色）褪去；3.（声音等）衰弱下去；vt.使褪色illusion [i'lju:ʒən] n.错觉；幻觉duration [djuə'reiʃən] n.持续；持续时间infrequent [in'fri:kwənt] a.很少发生的illustration [,ilə'streiʃən] n.1.说明；2.例证，插图moderate ['mɔdərət, 'mɔdəreit] a.1.中等的，适度的；2.温和的，有节制的distraction [dis'trækʃən] n.1.精神涣散，精神不集中；2.消遣，娱乐distractor [dis'træktə] n.分散注意力的东西focal ['fəukəl] a.焦点的；vt.1.治疗；2.补救（法）；vt.1.治疗；2.补救，纠正fearful ['fiəful] a.1.可怕的，吓人的；2害怕的，胆怯的productivity[,prɔdʌk'tivəti, ,prəu-] n.1.生产率；2.丰饶，多产finance [fai'næns] n.1.财政，金融；2.经费，资金retention [ri'tenʃən] n.保持；保留distract[dis'trækt] vt.分散（注意，心思等）；使人分心adversely [æd'və:sli] ad.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地appreciate[ə'pri:ʃieit] vt.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价，鉴别；3感激，感谢contrary ['kɔntrəri] a.相反的，相对的，与……相反（to）mislead [,mis'li:d] vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错motivation[,məuti'veiʃən] n.动机；动力inefficient [,ini'fiʃənt] a.无效的；效率低的exceptional [ik'sepʃənəl] a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的hinder ['hində] vt.阻止；妨碍typical['tipikəl] a.典型的，代表性的to date 到目前为止attend to 专心；注意；照顾make the grade 取得成功，达到理想标准fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃be true of 符合于……，对……适用classify [/'klæsifai/] vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级；2.把……列为（as）aged ['eidʒid] a.年老的，老的northwestern[,nɔ:θ'westən] a.1.在西北的，向西北的；2.来自西北的approximate[ə'prɔksimit，ə'prɔksimeit] a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近（to）paradox ['pærədɔks] 1.似非而可能是的论点；2.自相矛盾的话proportion [prəu'pɔ:ʃən] n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称dependency [ di'pendənsi] n.从属；依赖（on）advantageous [,ædvən'teidʒəs] a.有利的，有助的liability [,laiə'biləti] n.1.责任，义务；2.[pl.]债务，负债；3.不利条件，妨碍的人（或物）inactive [in'æktiv] a.不活动的；不活跃的appreciation[ə,pri:ʃi'eiʃən] n.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价；3.感激，感谢salient['seiljənt, -liənt] a.1.突出的，凸起的；2.显著的resettlement[ri'setlmənt;]n.重新定居，重新安置acknowledge[ək'nɔlidʒ] vt.1.承认；2.表示感谢fore [fɔ:] ad.在前面；a.1.先时的，先前的；2.在前部的；n.前部gathering ['ɡæðəriŋ] n.1.聚集；2.集会birthrate ['bə:θreit]n.出生率elsewhere [,els'hwεə] ad.在别处；向别处demography[di:'mɔɡrəfi] n.人口统计学alter['ɔ:ltə] vt./vi.改变，改动experiential[ik,spiəri'enʃəl] a.经验的；凭经验的continued[kən'tinju:d] a.继续的，连续的lengthen['leŋθən] vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸wealthy ['welθi] a.富裕的；丰富的neglect [ni'ɡlekt] vt.1.忽视，忽略；2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽expectation[,ekspek'teiʃən] n.1.期待；2.估计寿命slippery ['slipəri] a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的demographer [di:'mɔɡrəfə] n.人口学家revision[ri'viʒən]n.修订，修改upwards ['ʌpwədz] ad.向上；趋向上升approximate to与……接近to the fore 1.在前面，到前面；2.在显著地位resistance to 对……的阻力esteem [i'sti:m] vt./n.尊敬，尊重cope[kəup] vi.对付，妥善处理（with）parenting ['pεərəntiŋ] n.父母对孩子的养育tone[təun]n.1.音调，音色；2.腔调，语气；3.[语]声调，语调infant'infənt]n.婴儿，幼儿；a.婴儿的，幼儿的lovable['lʌvəbl] a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的manageable['mænidʒəbl] a.易管理的unlovable[,ʌn'lʌvəbl] a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的worthless['wə:θlis] a.1.无价值的，无用的；2.不足道的，不可取的ultimately ['ʌltimətli] ad.最后，最终地self-defeating [,selfdi'fi:tiŋ] a.1.自我挫败的；2.有违被衰的crisis ['kraisis] n.1危机；2.决定性时刻withdraw[wið'drɔ:, wiθ-]vt.1.收回，提取；2.撤退，撤销；vi.1.撤退，退出；2.退缩，逃避现实inconsiderate [,inkən'sidərət] a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人outcome ['autkʌm]n.1.结果，结局；2.出路，出口reinforcement[,ri:in'fɔ:smənt] n.增强，加固；强化tangible['tændʒəbl] a.1.可触摸的，可感知的；2.确实的，真实的attribute[ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t]n.1.属性，特征；2.[语]定语；vt.把……归因于（to）fold[fəuld] vt./vi.折叠；对折； n.褶（痕）appropriate [ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət] a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的cope with 对付；处理no other……than 1.除……外没有，只有；2.正是，就是take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……便宜act out 1.将……表演出来；2.（用行动）表示出来election [i'lekʃən] n.选举；选举权presidential [,prezi'denʃəl] a.总统（或校长）的，总统（或校长等）职务的winner['winə] n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者republican [ri'pʌblikən] a.1.共和国的；2.[R-]（美国）共和党的；n.1.共和主义者；2.[R-]共和党党员democratic[,demə'krætik,-kəl] a.民主的，民主主义的nominee [,nɔmi'ni:] n.被提名者；被任命者vote [vəut] n.1.选举，投票；2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举certainty ['sə:tənti] n.一定；必定nomination [,nɔmi'neiʃən] n.提名；任命loyalty ['lɔiəlti] n.忠诚；忠心decline[di'klain]vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落democrat['deməkræt] n.1.民主主义者，民主人士；2.[D-]民主党党员voter['vəutə] n.选举人，投票人strategically [strə'ti:dʒikəli] ad.战略上地，颇具策略地pursue [pə'sju:, -'su:] vt.1.追赶；2.追求，寻求；3.进行，从事impact ['impækt, im'pækt] n.1.冲击，碰拦；2.效果，影响；vt.装紧，压紧headquarters [,hed'kwɔ:təz] [复]n.1.司令部，指挥部；2.（机构，企业）总部，总店economy[i'kɔnəmi] n.1.经济；2.节约strategist['strætidʒist] n.战略家rating['reitiŋ] n.1.等级，规格；2.评定结果，（电视）收视率poll[pəul] n.1.选举，投票；2.民意测验；vt1.得到选票；2.对……进行民事测验；vi.投票stir[stə:] vt.1.搅拌，搅动；2.激起，打动；vi.微动；活动；n.惊动；轰动strategy['strætidʒi] n.战略；策略constitutional [,kɔnsti'tju:ʃənəl] a.1.宪法上规定的；2.组成的，构成的provision [prəu'viʒən] n.1.供应，供应品；2.条款，规定；3.[常pl.]给养，口粮electoral [i'lektərəl] a.选举的representation [,reprizen'teiʃən] n.1.描写，表现；2.代表，代理congress['kɔŋɡres, kən'ɡres]n.1.（代表）大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]（美法等的）参议院，上院House [haus, hauz] n.[英]议院district ['distrikt] n.1.区，行政区；2.地区，区域representative [,repri'zentətiv] n.代表，代表人；a.典型的，有代表性的presidency ['prezidənsi]n.1.总统（或校长，会长，行长等）职务（或职权，任期）；2.管辖overwhelming[,əuvə'hwelmiŋ] a.压倒之势的stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望identify……as把……看作impact on 对……之影响contest ['kɔntest, kən'test] n.1.竞争，比赛；2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩rivalry ['raivəlri] n.竞争；对抗dozen ['dʌzən] n.1.一打，十二个；2.十来个，十几个nominate ['nɔmineit, 'nɔminət, -neit]vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名electorate [i'lektərət] n.全体选民；选区inevitably[in'evitəbli]ad.不可避免地，必然地dominance['dɔminəns,-nənsi] n.优势，控制，统治assault[ə'sɔ:lt] n.1.攻击，袭击；2.（军）冲击，突击，强击。

organizational[`ɔ:gənai‘zeiʃənl]a.组织（上）的goal[gəul]n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门objective[ɔb‘dʒektiv]n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2.如实的，无偏见的accomplish[ə‘kʌmpliʃ]vt.完成（任务等）predict[pri‘dikt]vt./vi.预言；预示accompany[ə‘kʌmpəni]vt.1.伴随，陪同；2.为……伴奏implement[‘implimənt]vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等）constraint[kən‘streint]n.1.强制；2.强制因素，制约条件precedent[‘presidənt]n.先例，前例simplify[‘simplifai]vt.简化tendency[‘tendənsi]n.趋势，倾向managerial[`mænə‘dʒiəriəl]a.1.经理的，管理人的；2.管理上的，经营上的maker[‘meikə]n.制造者；制造商achievement[ə‘tʃi:vmənt]n.1.完成，达到；2.成就，成绩attain[ə‘tein]vt.达到；完成optimal[‘ɔptiməl]a.最适宜的；最理想的suboptimization[sʌb`ɔptimai‘zeiʃən]n.局部最优化（指使整体目标中的某个选定目标圆满实现）trade-off[‘treidɔf]n.1.（对不能同时兼顾的因素）权衡；2.物物交换argue[‘ɑ:gju:]vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；vt.1.说服；2.用辩论证明budget[‘bʌdʒit]n.预算；vt.1.把……编入预算；2.安排，预定scheme[ski:m]n.计划；方案；vt./vi.计划，策划define[di‘fain]vt.1.解释，给……下定义；2.限定，规定multiple[‘mʌltipl]a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数profitability[`prɔfitə‘biliti]n.赚钱，获利correctness[kə‘rektnis]n.正确，正确性unintended[‘ʌnin‘tendid]a.非计划中的，非故意的ongoing[‘ɔn‘gəuiŋ]a.进行中的，前进的entity[‘entiti]n.1.存在，实体；2.统一性skilled[skild]a.熟练的；有技能的in the way挡路；碍事make a guess at猜测and the like等等，诸如此类seek to追求，争取in part部分地，在某种程度上point of view观点interview[‘intəvju:]vt./n.1.面谈，采访；2.面试，口试criticism[‘kritisizəm]n.批评；评论candidate[‘kændideit]n.1.候选人，候补者；2.应试者vague[veig]a.含糊的；不明确的notion[‘nəuʃən]1.概念；2.想法，看法prospect[‘prɔspekt]n.1.展望，景象；2.[常pl.]前景，前程community[kə‘mju:niti]n.社区；共同体unattractive[`ʌnə‘træktiv]a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的indifference[in‘difrəns]n.冷漠；不感兴趣（to）interviewer[‘intəvju:ə]n.接见者；面谈者personality[`pə:sə‘næliti]n.个性；人格；品格prospective[prəs‘pektiv]a.预期的；未来的speechless[‘spi:tʃlis]a.1.不会说话的；2.不说话的clarification[`klærifi‘keiʃən]n.澄清，阐明correspondence[`kɔris‘pɔndəns]n.1.符合，一致；2.通信photocopy[‘fəutəu`kɔpi]vt./n.1.复印，影印；2.照相复制本resume[‘rezju:mei]]n.1.摘要，梗概；2.个人简历inefficiency[`ini‘fiʃənsi]n.无效；效能差neat[ni:t]a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的conservative[kən‘sə:vətiv]a.1.保存的，防腐的；2.保守的，守旧的punk[pʌŋk]n.1.（俚）阿飞；2.朋克（70年代以来英国、美国的年轻人中的颓废派）；a.颓废派的miniskirt[‘miniskə:t]n.超短裙panel[‘pænl]n.专门小组intimidate[in‘timideit]vt.恐吓，恫吓clutch[klʌtʃ]vt./vi.抓住，握紧grip[grip]vt./n.1.紧握，紧夹；2.掌握，控制painful[‘peinful]a.1.痛苦的；2.费力的rephrase[‘ri‘freiz]vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示apply for申请day to day（=day-to-day）work日常工作take the trouble to不辞劳苦，费力put oneself in somebody‘s place设身处地to one‘s advantage对某人有利ask for 1.请求，向……要；2.寻找in hand手头上有make sure 1.查明，弄确实；2.确信at a disadvantage处于不利地位turn down 1.拒绝；2.调小或调低；3.翻下astronomer[əs‘trɔnəmə]n.天文学家escape[is‘keip]vi./vt.逃跑；避免；n.1.逃跑；2.逃路，出口exert[ig‘zə:t]vt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）explode[iks‘pləud]vt.使爆炸；vi.爆炸；突发density[‘densiti]n.1.密集度，稠密度；2.[物][化]密度collapse[kə‘læps]vt./vi./n（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解supernova[`sju:pə‘nəuvə]n.[天]超新星daytime[‘deitaim]n.白天，日间dwarf[dwɔ:f]n.1.矮子；2.[天]矮星（=～star，如太阳）shrink[ʃriŋk]vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；vi./n.退缩，畏缩gravity[‘græviti]n.1.严肃，认真；2.严重性，重要性；3.[物]重力，地球引力marble[‘mɑ:bl]n.1.（游戏用的玻璃、石头等做的）弹子；2.大理石；a.大理石的，大理石般的boundary[‘baundəri]n.分界线，边界observer[əb‘zə:və]n.1.遵守者，奉行者；2.观察者，监视者interchangeable[`intə（:）‘tʃeindʒəbl]a.可交换的；可互换的constant[‘kɔnstənt]a.1.永恒的，经久不变的；2.经常的，不断的；n.[数]常数measurement[‘meʒəmənt]n.衡量，测量implication[`impli‘keiʃən]n.1.含意，暗示；2.牵连，涉及，卷入basis[‘beisis]n.1.基础，根据；2.主要成份；3.军事基地launch[lɔ:ntʃ]vt.1.发射，投射；2.使（船）下水；3.发动，发起（运动等）；n.发射，（船）下水galaxy[‘gæləkəsi]n.1.[天]星系，[G-]银河系，银河；2.一群出色（或著名）的人物observatory[əb‘zə:vətəri]n.1.天文台；2.了望台convincing[kən‘vinsiŋ]a.有说服力的，使人信服的binary[‘bainəri]a.1.二，双，复；2.[数]二进制的；n.1.二，双（体），复（体）；twin[twin]a.1.双胞胎的；2.两个相似部分组成的；n.1.双胞胎之一，[pl.]双胞胎；2.两个相象的人或物；3.[Twins][天]双子座companion[kəm‘pænjən]n.1.同伴，同事；2.[天]伴星speculation[`spekju‘leiʃən]n.1.推测，猜测；2.投机swallow[‘swɔləu]vt.吞咽mankind[`mæn‘kaind]n.人类operate[‘ɔpəreit]vi.1.运转，起作用；2.动手术（on，upon）；vt.1.操作，操纵，经营；2.对……动手术research into研究speculation about关于……猜测swallow up吞没，耗尽make use of利用planet[‘plænit]n.行星revolve[ri‘vɔlv]vi.旋转；绕转solar[‘səulə]a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的largely[‘lɑ:dʒli]ad.1.大量地；2.主要地glitter[‘glitə]vi.闪闪发光，闪烁；n.闪光cloudless[‘klaudlis]a.无云的，晴朗的astronaut[‘æstrənɔ:t]n.宇航员thrilling[‘θriliŋ]a.1.令人激动的；2.颤动的，震颤的outer[‘autə]a.外部的whereas[hwɛər‘æz]conj.而，却；反之lesser[‘lesə]a.较小的；更少的；次要的concerned[kən‘sə:nd]a.1.有关的；2.关切的，担心的microscopic[`maikrəs‘kɔpik]1.显微镜的；2.微观的；3.微小的，细微的whilst[hwailst]conj.1.当……时；2.然而；3.虽然，尽管plateau[‘plætəu]n.高原tropical[‘trɔpikəl]a.1.热带的；2.炎热的coloured[‘kʌləd]a.有色的religion[ri‘lidʒən]n.宗教；宗教信仰circumstance[‘sə:kəmstəns]n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇a great many很多above all首先，首要as a rule通常；一般说来euthanasia[ju:θə‘neizjə]n.1.无痛楚的死亡；2.安乐死weaken[‘wi:kən]vt.削弱，减弱；vi.变弱Dutchman[‘dʌtʃmən]n.荷兰人deteriorate[di‘tiəriəreit]vt./vi.（使）恶化lethal[‘li:θəl]a.致死的injection[in‘dʒekʃən]n.1.注射；2.注射剂，针剂nationwide[‘neiʃən‘waid]a.全国性；ad.在全国范围内debate[di‘beit]vt./n.争论，辩论；vi.对……进行争论，辩论（about，on）legal[‘li:gəl]a.1.法律上的；2.合法的Dutch[dʌtʃ]a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的；n.1.[the Dutch][总称]荷兰人；2.荷兰语parliament[‘pɑ:ləmənt]n.1.议会，国会；2.[P-]（英国或加拿大等的）议会，国会prosecute[‘prɔsikju:t]vt.对……起诉，告发request[ri‘kwest]vt./n.请求，要求criterion[krai‘tiəriən]n.（批评，判断的）标准，准则crowd[kraud]n.群，人群；vi.聚集，群集ensure[in‘ʃuə]vt.保证，担保healthcare[‘helθ`kɛə]n.保健oppose[ə‘pəuz]vt.1.反对，反抗；2.使相对，使对抗（to）tradition[trə‘diʃən]n.传统；惯例hospice[‘hɔspis]n.（晚期病人）收容所council[‘kaunsəl]n.理事会，委员会founder[‘faundə]n.创始者；缔造者consideration[kən`sidə‘reiʃən]n.1.考虑；2.体谅，照顾elderly[‘eldəli]a.较老的，人过中年的；n.近老年人，到了晚年的人disabled[dis‘eibld]a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的burden[‘bə:dn]n.1.担子，负担；2.责任，义务；vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累opt[ɔpt]vi.抉择，选择（for），在……之间选择（between）shorten[‘ʃɔ:tən]vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少vulnerable[‘vʌlnərəbl]a.1.易受伤的，弱小的；2.易受……攻击的，易受……伤害的（to）prohibition[`prəuhi‘biʃən]n.禁止；禁令individual[`indi‘vidjuəl]n.个人，个体，独立单位；a.1.个人的；2.个别的paternalistic[pə`tə:nə‘listik]a.家长式统治的；家长作风的moving[‘mu:viŋ]a.1.活动的，移动的；2.动人的，令人感动的sensitive[‘sensitiv]a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的be affected with患有……疾病debate on关于……进行辩论make request for要求……be opposed to反对open up 1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话take……into account考虑到need for对……的需要opt out of决定不参加……，决定（从……）中退出have……at heart对某事十分关心conspiracy[kən‘spirəsi]n.1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派old-boy[‘əuld bɔi]n.1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄network[‘netwə:k]1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络escalator[‘eskəleitə]n.自动扶梯privilege[‘privilidʒ]n.特权；vt.给予……特权profession[prə‘feʃən]n.（尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的）职业graduate[‘grædjueit]vi.大学毕业，[美]毕业；vt.[主美]准予……毕业；a.1.毕业的；2.研究生的；n.大学毕业生，[美]毕业生unfair[ʌn‘fɛə]a.不公平的，不公正的employment[im‘plɔimənt]n.1.使用；2.雇佣；3.职业，工作publish[‘pʌbliʃ]vt.1.出版，刊印；2.公布，发表senior[‘si:njə]a.1.年长的，年纪较大的；2.地位较高的，资历较深的；3.[英]（大学）高年级的，[美]大学四年级的；n.1.年长者；2.资历深者，上级appoint[ə‘pɔint]vt.1.任命，委任（as）；2.私营的，私立的；3.秘密的，私下的headmaster[‘hed‘mɑ:stə]n.（中学或小学的）校长leading[‘li:diŋ]a.1.领导的，指引的；2.最重要的，主要的bias[‘baiəs]n.偏见；v.[常用被动语态]有偏见（常与against，towards连用）entry[‘entri]n.1.进入，入场（权），入会权；2.入口；3.登记，条目，账目merit[‘merit]n.1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳fiercely[‘fiəsli]ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地competitive[kəm‘petitiv]a.竞争的；比赛的entrance[‘entrəns]n.1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学additional[ə‘diʃənl]a.附加的，追加的；另外的abolish[ə‘bɔliʃ]vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消applicant[‘æplikənt]n.申请人，请求者performance[pə‘fɔ:məns]n.1.执行，完成；2.表现，工作性能；3.演出，演奏accessible[æk‘sesəbl]a.1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to）；3可理解的（to）elite[ei‘li:t]n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物；a.杰出的，精英的academic[`ækə‘demik]a.1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的excellence[‘eksələns]n.优秀，杰出recruit[ri‘kru:t]vt./vi.1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员equivalent[i‘kwivələnt]a.1.相等的，相同的（to）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价（物），等量（物）；2.对应词（或对应语）ivy[‘aivi]n.常青藤replicate[‘replikeit]vt.重复；复制elitist[ei‘litist]n.1.杰出人物；2.杰出人物统治论者；adj.1.杰出人物的；2.杰出人物统治论的remedial[ri‘mi:djəl]a.1.治疗的，治疗上用的；2.补救的prime[praim]a.1.最初的，基本的；2.首要的，主要的；3.第一流的，最好的vision[‘viʒən]n.1.想象力，幻觉；2.视力，视觉；3.眼光classless[klɑ:slis]a.1.无阶级的；2.不属于任何阶级的amount to 1.达到总计；2.相当于，等于on average平均blame……for为……责备某人by nature生来，天生，就其本性而言be worth doing值得做……slavery[‘sleivəri]n.1.奴隶制度，奴役；2.奴隶身份domestic[də‘mestik]adj.1.家庭的，家务的；2.国内的，本国的；n.家仆，佣人Briton[‘britən]n.大不列颠人；英国人statistics[stə‘tistiks]n.1.统计数字，统计资料；2.[用作单]统计学diplomat[‘dipləmæt]a.外交家；外交官abroad[ə‘brɔ:d]ad.到国外；在国外exploit[iks‘plɔit]vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削abuse[ə‘bju:z]vt./n.1.滥用，妄用；2.虐待，凌辱campaign[kæm‘pein]n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动sexually[‘seksjuəli]ad.在性方面passport[‘pɑ:spɔ:t]n.护照Filipino[`fili‘pi:nəu]n.1.菲律宾人；2菲律宾语；a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的maid[meid]n.1.少女；2.侍女，女仆execute[‘eksikju:t]vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2.将……处死convict[kən‘vikt，‘kɔnvikt]vt.1.证明……有罪‘mein]a.不人道的，残忍的ineffective[`ini‘fektiv]a.无效的，不起作用的civil[‘sivl]n.1.国民的，民用的；2.国内的，民间的union[‘ju:njən]n.1.工会，协会；2.结合，联合liberty[‘libəti]n.1.自由，自由权；2.冒昧，失礼；3.[常pl.]特许权，特权punishment[‘pʌniʃmənt]n.1.处罚，罚，刑罚；2.折磨，损害disaffection[`disə‘fekʃən]n.不满argument[‘ɑ:gjumənt]n.1.争论，辩论；2.论据，理由watch over看守，照管，监视in unison完全一致地call up 1.打电话；2.使想起，使忆起blues[blu:z]n.1.[用作单或复]布鲁斯（源于美国南部黑人之中抑郁伤感的曲调）；2.慢四步舞rock‘n‘roll[`rɔkn‘rəul]n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞folk[fəuk]n.1.人们；2.[口]家属，亲属；a.民间的musician[mju（:）‘ziʃən]n.音乐家；作曲家transformation[`trænsfə‘meiʃən]n.1.变化，转化；2.改造，改革rhythmic[‘riðmik]a.有韵律的；有节奏的musically[‘mju:zikəli]ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地distinct[dis‘tiŋkt]a.1.与其他不同的，独特的；2.明显的consciousness[‘kɔnʃəsnis]n.意识，知觉；觉悟youthful[‘ju:θful]a.1.年轻的；2.朝气蓬勃的anti-war[‘ænti‘wɔ:]a.反战的sentiment[‘sentimənt]n.1.感情，情绪；2.感伤spontaneous[spɔn‘teinjəs]a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的；2.出自自然的originate[ə‘ridʒineit]vi./vt.发源；发生，发起imitator[‘imiteitə]n.模仿者Negro[‘ni:grəu]n.黑人；a.黑人的eclecticism[ek‘lektisizəm]n.折衷主义synthesis[‘sinθisis]n.结合，合成jazz[dʒæz]n.爵士乐readily[‘redili]ad.1.乐意地；2.很快地，容易地limitless[‘limitlis]a.无限制的，无限的instrument[‘instrumənt]n.1.仪器；2.乐器electronic[ilek‘trɔnik]a.电子的amplifier[‘æmplifaiə]n.放大器guitar[gi‘tɑ:]n.六弦琴，吉他electronics[ilek‘trɔniks][复]n.[用作单]电子学studio[‘stju:diəu]n.1.（艺术家的）工作室；2.（无线电，电视）播音室，演播室；3.电影制片厂penetrating[‘penətreitiŋ]a.1.穿透的，贯穿的；2.深刻的，透彻的thereby[‘ðɛəbai]ad.由此，从而passive[‘pæsiv]a.1.被动的；2.消极的participant[pɑ:‘tisipənt]n.参加者；a.参与的multimedia[`mʌlti‘mi:djə]a.1.多种手段的；2.多媒体的；同时使用形、光、声效果的；n.多媒体，多媒体的使用ballroom[‘bɔ:l‘rum]n.舞厅lighting[‘laitiŋ]n.照明，照明设备take place发生take over 1.接管，接任；2.把……从一处运到另一处take on 1.具有；2.担任（工作等）；3.雇佣composer[kəm‘pəuzə]n.作曲家inspire[in‘spaiə]vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感fruitful[‘fru:tful]a.有成果的，有收获的output[‘autput]n.1.产量；2.输出theme[θi:m]n.1.题目，主题；2.主旋律invariably[in‘vɛəriəbli]ad.不变地improvise[‘imprəvaiz]vt.1.即兴创作；2.临时准备，临时凑成symphony[‘simfəni]n.1.交响曲，交响乐；2.交响乐队，交响音乐会handle[‘hændl]n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵3.经营，管理constructive[kən‘strʌktiv]a.建设的，建设性vcreative[kri（:）‘eitiv]a.创造性的notebook[‘nəutbuk]n.笔记本preliminary[pri‘liminəri]a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛painstaking[‘peinz`teikiŋ]a.苦干的；费力的traditionalist[trə‘diʃənəlist]n.传统主义者；因循守旧者thematic[θi‘mætik]a.1.题目的，主题的；2.主旋律的conception[kən‘sepʃən]n.概念，观念well-established[‘wel is‘tæbliʃt]a.1.固定下来的；2.得到确认的temper[‘tempə]vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼；2.调合well（-）tempered[‘wel‘tempəd]1.脾气好的；2.（键盘乐器）调到平均律的clavichord[‘klævikɔ:d]n.[音]击弦古钢琴mold[məuld]n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸sake[seik]n.缘故completeness[kəm‘pli:tnis]n.1.完整，圆满；2.完成，结束summarize[‘sʌməraiz]vt./vi.概述，总结diversified[dai‘və:sifaid]a.多样化的conventional[kən‘venʃənl]a.1.惯例的，常规的；2.（艺术等）因袭的experimental[eks`peri‘mentl]a.实验的；经验的harmony[‘hɑ:məni]n.1.协调，和谐；2.融洽，一致sonority[sə‘nɔriti]n.响亮，洪亮evident[‘evidənt]a.明显的，明白的in other words换句话说in a sense在某种意义上at a stretch连续不断地serve as适合belong in应归入（类别、范畴等）in advance 1.在前面；2.预先It goes without saying不言而喻，理所当然for the sake of为了……之好处；为了……的目的efficiency[i‘fiʃənsi]n.1.效率；2.功效，效能，实力robotics[rəu‘bɔtiks]n.[用作单]机器人学，机器人技术robot[‘rəubət]n.机器人；自动控制装置increasingly[in‘kri:siŋli]ad.不断增加地prevalent[‘prevələnt]a.流行的，普通的automotive[`ɔ:tə‘məutiv]a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的weld[weld]vt./n.焊接spray[sprei]n.1.浪花，水花；2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散cast[kɑ:st]vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射（光、影，视线等）（on，at）；3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员（阵容）frame[freim]n.构架，框架install[in‘stɔ:l]vt.安装appliance[ə‘plaiəns]n.1.应用，适用；2.用具，器械calculator[‘kælkjuleitə]n.1.计算者；2.计算器radioactive[`reidiəu‘æktiv]a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的personnel[pə:sə‘nel]n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门）expose[iks‘pəuz]vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发radiation[`reidi‘eiʃən]n.1.放射，发光；2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能reduction[ri‘dʌkʃən]n.1.减少，减小；2.降级，降职；3.归纳，归并automatic[`ɔ:tə‘mætik]a.1.自动的；2.无意识的，机械的reprogramme[‘ri:‘prəugræm]v.再次（重新）设定程序completion[kəm‘pli:ʃən]n.完成，结束；完满specific[spi‘sifik]a.1.特有的，特定的；2.具体的，明确的switch[switʃ]n.1.开关，转换器；2.（思路、话题等的）转换；vt.1.转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2.接通……电流（on），切断……电流（off）；vi.转换，变换critical[‘kritikəl]a.1.批评（性）的，批判（性）的；2.对……表示谴责的，对……感到不满的（of）；3.紧要的，关键性的，危急的digital[‘didʒitl]a.1.手指的，指状的；2.数字的，计数的camera[‘kæmərə]n.照相机，摄影机light-sensitive[‘lait‘sensitiv]a.光敏的intensity[in‘tensiti]n.强烈，剧烈grayscale[grei‘skeil]灰度（使不同黑白比例混合而得从黑到白的一系列色差灰色色调）brightness[‘braitnis]n.1.明亮，晴朗；2.聪敏，机灵scale[skeil]n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例（尺）；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤shade[ʃeid]n.1.荫，阴影；2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光calculation[`kælkju‘leiʃən]n.1.计算，计算结果；2.仔细考虑defective[di‘fektiv]a.有缺点的；有缺陷的assemble[ə‘sembl]vt.1.集合；2.装配；vi.集合attendant[ə‘tendənt]n.1.侍者，服务员；2.出席者fireman[‘faiəmən]n.消防队员housekeeper[‘haus`ki:pə]n.管理家务的主妇；女管家expose to暴露；面临；曝露in that在于，原因是in between在中间；每间隔；在……期间in question正被谈论的plenty of大量的；丰富的earthquake[‘ə:θkweik]n.地震warning[‘wɔ:niŋ]n.警告；警报；a.警告的forecast[‘fɔ:kɑ:st]vt.1.预测，预报；2.预示giant[‘dʒaiənt]n.1.巨大；2.巨物，巨大的动物；a.巨大的shift[ʃift]vt./vi.1.替换；转移；2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移；2.轮班fault[fɔ:lt]n.1.缺点，毛病；2.错误，过失；3.[地]断层seismic[‘saizmik]a.地震的precede[pri（:）‘si:d]vt.先于……，比……优先；vi.在前面，居前，领先radon[‘reidɔn]n.氡decay[di‘kei]vi.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败；3.[原]衰变；vt.使腐朽，使腐烂；n.1.腐朽，腐烂；2.衰败radium[‘reidjəm]n.镭underground[‘ʌndəgraund]a.1.地下的；2.秘密的，隐蔽的；ad.1.在地下；2.秘密地，隐蔽地speculate[‘spekjuleit]vi.思索；推测（on/upon，about）；vt.1.投机；2.思索，推测subside[səb‘said]vi.1.沉淀；2.沉降，下沉；3.平静下来，平息，减退datum[‘deitəm]1.资料，材料，2.数据reliability[ri`laiə‘biliti]n.可靠性partial[‘pɑ:ʃəl]a.1.偏袒的，偏心的，对……偏袒（to）；2.部分的，不完全的up-to-date[‘ʌp tu:deit]a.1.最新的，现代化的；2.直至目前的analyze[‘ænəlaiz]vt.分析eastern[‘i:stən]a.1.东方的，东部的；2.向东方的，来自东方的work on 1.从事……；2.对……有影响set up 1.设立，建立；2.建立，提出on the alert警戒，处于戒备状态leadership[‘li:dəʃip]n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员research[ri‘sə:tʃ]n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究attach[ə‘tætʃ]vt.（to）1.固定住，系；2.附加，隶属；3.把（重点等）放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋possession[pə‘zeʃən]n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产satisfaction[`sætis‘fækʃən]n.满意，满足relaxation[`ri:læk‘seiʃən]n.1.松弛，放松；2.缓和，减轻；3.休养desirable[di‘zaiərəbl]a.称心的，合意的，理想的occupation[`ɔkju‘peiʃən]n.1.占领；2.占有；3.职业portray[pɔ:‘trei]vt.描绘；描写；描述urban[‘ə:bən]a.城市的，都市的stressful[‘stresful]a.紧张的；压力重的loom[lu:m]vi.隐隐呈现；逼近renewal[ri‘nju（:）əl]n.1.更新；2重新开始underlie[`ʌndə‘lai]vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础acquire[ə‘kwaiə]vt.获得，得到recognition[`rekəg‘niʃən]n.1.认出；2.承认，公认impart[im‘pɑ:t]vt.把……分给；给予作业freshman[‘freʃmən]n.1新手，生手；2.大学一年级学生kid[kid]vt./vi./n.1.戏弄，开玩笑；2.欺骗，哄骗faithfully[‘feiθfuli]忠诚地；如实地temptation[temp‘teiʃən]n.引诱，诱惑look ahead to向前看；展望未来allocate……for分配给……；配给fall by the wayside半途而废，中途退出hang up 1.把……挂起来；2.挂断（电话）；3.延迟，拖延throw off扔掉；摆脱work out做出；制定出up to date 1.最新的，新式的；2.切合目前情况的（on）kid……into doing欺骗……去做……stick with坚持；继续jet[dʒet]n.1.喷射；2.喷嘴；3.喷气式飞机，喷气式发动机lag[læg]vi.走得慢，落后；n.落后，滞后flight[flait]n.1.飞行，飞翔；2.航班，班机；3.逃跑，溃退physiological[`fiziə‘lɔdʒikl]a.生理的，生理学的regulatory[‘regjulətəri]a.1.规章的；2.调节的mechanism[‘mekənizəm]n.1.[机]机构，机制；2.（自然现象等）作用过程hormonal[hɔ:‘məunl]a.荷尔蒙的，激素的secretary[‘sekrətri]n.1.秘书；2.书记；3.（英，美等国的）部长，大臣negotiation[ni`gəuʃi‘eiʃən]n.谈判，协商proceeding[prə‘si:diŋ]n.1.程序，进程；2.[pl.]项目，活动，会议文集instantaneously[`instən‘teinjəsli]ad.瞬间地；即刻地transport[træns‘pɔ:t，‘trænspɔ:t]vt.运输；n.运输overcome[`əuvə‘kʌm]vt.战胜；克服regulate[‘regjuleit]vt./n.1.管理；2.调节timing[‘taimiŋ]n.1.时间的选择；2.计时，定时periodicity[`piəriə‘disiti]n.周期性，间发性internal[in‘tə:nl]a.1.内部的，内在的；2.国内的suprachiasmatic[‘sju:prəkaiəz‘mætik]a.超（染色体）交叉的rhythm[‘riðəm]n.1.韵律，格律；2.节奏timer[‘taimə]n.计时员，定时器external[eks‘tə:nl]a.外在的，在外的alarm[ə‘lɑ:m]n.1.警报；2.惊恐；vt.1.向……报警，使警觉；2.使……惊恐，打扰reset[ri:‘set]vt./n.重新安排，重调palm[pɑ:m]n.手掌sweat[swet]n.汗；vi.出汗；vt.使出汗discrepancy[dis‘krepənsi]n.差异；不一致bodily[‘bɔdili]a.身体的，肉体的cortisol[‘kɔ:tisɔl]n.[生]皮质（甾）醇excretion[eks‘kri:ʃən]n.排泄；分泌destination[`desti‘neiʃən]n.目的地，终点feasible[‘fi:zəbl]a.可行的，可能的pharmacological[`fɑ:məkə‘lɔdʒikəl]a.药物学的，药理学的assumption[ə‘sʌmpʃən]n.1.假定，设想；2.承担，采取mid-afternoon[‘mid`ɑ:ftə‘nu:n]a.下午三点左右的neutral[‘nju:trəl]a.1.中立的；2.中性的wakefulness[‘weikfulnis]n.觉醒，不眠promote[prə‘məut]vt.1.促进，发扬；2.提升，升级；3.发起，创办synchronize[‘siŋkrənaiz]vi.同时发生，同步；vt.使在时间上一致；使同步effect on对……的作用blame……on把……归咎于to advantage有利地，有效地as fresh as paint精神饱满now that（连词）既然，由于leave……alone 1.不管，不理；2.听其自然out of step步伐不一致；不协调in time 1.及时；2.终于span[spæn]n.1.指距，一柞宽；2.跨距；3.一段时间fluctuate[‘flʌktjueit]vi.1.波动，起伏；2.动摇，不定；vt.使波动，使起伏fluctuation[`flʌktju‘eiʃən]n.波动，起伏tick[tik]n.（钟表的）滴答声；vi.（钟表的）滴答响fade[feid]vi.1.凋谢，枯萎；2.（颜色）褪去；3.（声音等）衰弱下去；vt.使褪色illusion[i‘lju:ʒən]n.错觉；幻觉duration[djuə‘reiʃən]n.持续；持续时间infrequent[in‘fri:kwənt]a.很少发生的illustration[`iləs‘treiʃən]n.1.说明；2.例证，插图moderate[‘mɔdərit]a.1.中等的，适度的；2.温和的，有节制的distraction[dis‘trækʃən]n.1.精神涣散，精神不集中；2.消遣，娱乐distractor[dis‘træktə]n.分散注意力的东西focal[‘fəukəl]a.焦点的；vt.1.治疗；2.补救（法）；vt.1.治疗；2.补救，纠正fearful[‘fiəful]a.1.可怕的，吓人的；2.害怕的，胆怯的productivity[`prɔdʌk‘tiviti]n.1.生产率；2.丰饶，多产finance[fai‘næns]n.1.财政，金融；2.经费，资金retention[ri‘tenʃən]n.保持；保留distract[dis‘trækt]vt.分散（注意，心思等）；使人分心adversely[‘ædvə:sli]ad.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地appreciate[ə‘pri:ʃieit]vt.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价，鉴别；3.感激，感谢contrary[‘kɔntrəri]a.相反的，相对的，与……相反（to）mislead[mis‘li:d]vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错motivation[`məuti‘veiʃən]n.动机；动力inefficient[`ini‘fiʃənt]a.无效的；效率低的exceptional[ik‘sepʃənl]a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的hinder[‘hində，‘haində]vt.阻止；妨碍typical[‘tipikəl]a.典型的，代表性的to date到目前为止attend to专心；注意；照顾make the grade取得成功，达到理想标准fall apart四分五裂；崩溃be true of符合于……，对……适用classify[‘klæsifai]vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级；2.把……列为（as）aged[eidʒid]a.年老的，老的northwestern[‘nɔ:θ‘westən]a.1.在西北的，向西北的；2.来自西北的approximate[ə‘prɔksimit，ə‘prɔksimeit]a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近（to）paradox[‘pærədɔks]1.似非而可能是的论点；2.自相矛盾的话proportion[prə‘pɔ:ʃən]n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称dependency[di‘pendənsi]n.从属；依赖（on）advantageous[`ædvən‘teidʒəs]a.有利的，有助的liability[`laiə‘biliti]n.1.责任，义务；2.[pl.]债务，负债；3.不利条件，妨碍的人（或物）inactive[in‘æktiv]a.不活动的；不活跃的appreciation[ə`pri:ʃi‘eiʃən]n.1.欣赏，鉴赏；2.正确评价；3.感激，感谢salient[‘seiljənt]a.1.突出的，凸起的；2.显著的resettlement[ri:‘setlmənt]n.重新定居，重新安置acknowledge[ək‘nɔlidʒ]vt.1.承认；2.表示感谢fore[fɔ:]ad.在前面；a.1.先时的，先前的；2.在前部的；n.前部gathering[‘gæðəriŋ]n.1.聚集；2.集会birthrate[‘bə:θreit]n.出生率elsewhere[‘els‘wɛə]ad.在别处；向别处demography[di‘mɔgrəfi]n.人口统计学alter[‘ɔ:ltə]vt./vi.改变，改动experiential[iks`piəri‘enʃəl]a.经验的；凭经验的continued[kən‘tinju（:）d]a.继续的，连续的lengthen[‘leŋθən]vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸wealthy[‘welθi]a.富裕的；丰富的neglect[ni‘glekt]vt.1.忽视，忽略；2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽expectation[`ekspek‘teiʃən]n.1.期待；2.估计寿命slippery[‘slipəri]a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的demographer[di‘mɔgrəfə]n.人口学家revision[ri‘viʒən]n.修订，修改upwards[‘ʌpwədz]ad.向上；趋向上升approximate to与……接近to the fore 1.在前面，到前面；2.在显著地位resistance to对……的阻力esteem[is‘ti:m]vt./n.尊敬，尊重cope[kəup]vi.对付，妥善处理（with）parenting[‘pɛərəntiŋ]n.父母对孩子的养育tone[təun]n.1.音调，音色；2.腔调，语气；3.[语]声调，语调infant[‘infənt]n.婴儿，幼儿；a.婴儿的，幼儿的lovable[‘lʌvəbl]a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的manageable[‘mænidʒəbl]a.易管理的unlovable[ʌn‘lʌvəbl]a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的worthless[‘wə:θlis]a.1.无价值的，无用的；2.不足道的，不可取的ultimately[‘ʌltimətli]ad.最后，最终地self-defeating[`selfdi‘fi:tiŋ]a.1.自我挫败的；2.有违被衰的crisis[‘kraisis]n.1危机；2.决定性时刻withdraw[wið‘drɔ:]vt.1.收回，提取；2.撤退，撤销；vi.1.撤退，退出；2.退缩，逃避现实inconsiderate[`inkən‘sidərit]a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人outcome[‘autkʌm]n.1.结果，结局；2.出路，出口reinforcement[`ri:in‘fɔ:smənt]n.增强，加固；强化tangible[‘tændʒəbl]a.1.可触摸的，可感知的；2.确实的，真实的attribute[ə‘tribju:t]n.1.属性，特征；2.[语]定语；vt.把……归因于（to）fold[fəuld]vt./vi.折叠；对折；n.褶（痕）appropriate[ə‘prəupriət]a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的cope with对付；处理no other……than 1.除……外没有，只有；2.正是，就是take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……便宜act out 1.将……表演出来；2.（用行动）表示出来election[i‘lekʃən]n.选举；选举权presidential[`prezi‘denʃəl]a.总统（或校长）的；总统（或校长等）职务的winner[‘winə]n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者republican[ri‘pʌblikən]a.1.共和国的；2.[R-]（美国）共和党的；n.1.共和主义者；2.[R-]共和党党员democratic[demə‘krætik]a.民主的，民主主义的nominee[`nɔmi‘ni:]n.被提名者；被任命者vote[vəut]n.1.选举，投票；2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举certainty[‘sə:tənti]n.一定；必定nomination[`nɔmi‘neiʃən]n.提名；任命loyalty[‘lɔiəlti]n.忠诚；忠心decline[di‘klain]vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落democrat[‘deməkræt]n.1.民主主义者，民主人士；2.[D-]民主党党员voter[‘vəutə]n.选举人，投票人strategically[strə‘ti:dʒikəl]ad.战略上地，颇具策略地pursue[pə‘sju:]vt.1.追赶；2.追求，寻求；3.进行，从事impact[‘impækt，im‘pækt]n.1.冲击，碰拦；2.效果，影响；vt.装紧，压紧headquarters[‘hed‘kwɔ:təz][复]n.1.司令部，指挥部；2.（机构，企业）总部，总店economy[i（:）‘kɔnəmi]n.1.经济；2.节约strategist[‘strætidʒist]n.战略家rating[‘reitiŋ]n.1.等级，规格；2.评定结果，（电视）收视率poll[pəul]n.1.选举，投票；2.民意测验；1.得到选票；2.对……进行民事测验；vi.投票stir[stə:]vt.1.搅拌，搅动；2.激起，打动；vi.微动；活动；n.惊动；轰动strategy[‘strætidʒi]n.战略；策略constitutional[`kɔnsti‘tju:ʃənl]a.1.宪法上规定的；2.组成的，构成的provision[prə‘viʒən]n.1.供应，供应品；2.条款，规定；3.[常pl.]给养，口粮electoral[i‘lektərəl]a.选举的representation[`reprizen‘teiʃən]n.1.描写，表现；2.代表，代理congress[‘kɔŋgres]n.1.（代表）大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]（美法等的）参议院，上院House[haus]n.[英]议院district[‘distrikt]n.1.区，行政区；2.地区，区域representative[`repri‘zentətiv]n.代表，代表人；a.典型的，有代表性的presidency[‘prezidənsi]n.1.总统（或校长，会长，行长等）职务（或职权，任期）；2.管辖overwhelming[əuvə‘（h）welmiŋ]a.压倒之势的stand no chance没有可能；没有希望identify……as把……看作impact on对……之影响contest[‘kɔntest]n.1.竞争，比赛；2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩rivalry[‘raivəlri]n.竞争；对抗dozen[‘dʌzn]n.1.一打，十二个；2.十来个，十几个nominate[‘nɔmineit]vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名electorate[i‘lektərit]n.全体选民；选区inevitably[in‘evitəbli]ad.不可避免地，必然地dominance[‘dɔminəns]n.优势，控制，统治assault[ə‘sɔ:lt]n.1.攻击，袭击；2.（军）冲击，突击，强击parliamentary[`pɑ:lə‘mentəri]a.议会的，国会的congressman[‘kɔŋgresmən]n.（美）国会议员statistically[stə‘tistikəli]ad.在统计方面dominant[‘dɔminənt]a.占优势的；支配的majority[mə‘dʒɔriti]n.1.多数，大半；2.多数党，多数派automatically[`ɔ:tə‘mætikəli]ad.自动地；习惯性地competitor[kəm‘petitə]n.竞争者；对手running[‘rʌniŋ]n.1.跑，赛跑；2.竞选inevitable[in‘evitəbl]a.不可避免的，必然（发生）的peaceful[‘pi:sful]a.1.平静的，安宁的；2.和平的，和平方式的transfer[træns‘fə:]vt.1.转移，传输；2调动；3.改变；vi.1.转移，转学；2.换车；换船；n.转移，传输，变换overturn[`əuvə‘tə:n]vt./n.1.打翻，使翻过来；2.推翻，颠覆，毁灭；vi.翻身；倒下foolproof[‘fu:l‘pru:f]a.1.连傻子都懂的；2.不会出毛病的；3.有安全装置的monopoly[mə‘nɔpəli]n.垄断；专卖opposition[`ɔpə‘ziʃən]n.1.反对，反抗；2.对立，意见相反monopolize[mə‘nɔpəlaiz]v.垄断；专卖moderation[`mɔdə‘reiʃən]n.1.温和，适度；2.缓和，减轻legislation[`ledʒis‘leiʃən]n.1.立法；2.法律，法规temporarily[‘tempərərili]ad.暂时地，临时地break up打碎；结束；驱散；散开；分解in the running参赛，参加竞选in power掌权的，执政的out of power丧失权力in favour of 1.赞成，支持；2.为……的利益，有利于；3.支付给come into power上台；开始掌权carry on 1.经营，进行；2.继续anaesthetics[`ænis‘θetiks]n.麻醉学vaccine[‘væksi:n]n.牛痘苗；疫苗；a.牛痘的；疫苗的diabetes[daiə‘bi:ti:z]n.糖尿病developmental[di`veləp‘ment]a.1.发展的，开发的；2.促使成长的，起改进作用的disorder[dis‘ɔ:də]n.1.混乱；2.失调，紊乱；vt.使混乱；使失调irrelevant[i‘relivənt]a.不相干的，离题的，与……不相干（to）misleading[mis‘li:diŋ]a.引入歧途的；使人误解的irresponsible[`iri‘spɔnsəbl]a.无责任感的，不负责任的unethical[ʌn‘əθikəl]a.不合伦理的；不合道德的thalidomide[θə‘lidəmaid]n.[药]萨立多胺（原用作中枢神经镇静剂，因有造成胎儿缺肢畸形的副作用，已被禁用）replacement[ri‘pleismənt]n.1.复位，复职；2.替换，代替refinement[ri‘fainmənt]n.精炼，精制simulate[‘simjuleit]vt……假装，冒充；2.模仿，模拟cell[sel]1.细胞；2.小房间，单人牢房toxicity[tɔk‘sisiti]n.毒性eventual[i‘ventjuəl]a.最后的，结局的dose[dəus]n.（一次）剂量replace[ri（:）‘pleis]vt.1.把……放回（原处），使恢复（原职）；2.更换，以……替代tube[tju:b]n.1.管，软管；2.电子管，真空管；3.[英]地铁partly[‘pɑ:tli]ad.部分地；在一定程度上polio[‘pəuliəu]n.[医]脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症biomedical[‘baiəu‘medikəl]a.生物医学的ethics[‘eθiks]n.[pl.]1.[用作单]伦理学；2.伦理观，道德标准undergo[`ʌndə‘gəu]vt.经历，经受；忍受suitable[‘sju:təbl]a.合适的；适当的rabbit[‘ræbit]n.兔litter[‘litə]n.1.（供动物睡眠或植物防冻的）干草；2.杂乱无章；3.（猫狗等）一窝（仔畜）；4.[总称]乱丢的东西（尤指废纸等杂物）；vt.1.为（动物）铺草；2.（多产动物）产（仔）；3.乱丢refine[ri‘fain]vt.1.提纯，精制；2.使精美，使改进；vt.1.精炼，提纯；2.变优雅regeneration[ri`dʒenə‘reiʃən]n.新生，再生，复兴paralyse[‘pærəlaiz]vt.1.使麻痹，使瘫痪；2.使无力，使气馁regrow[ri:‘grəu]vt.再生长，重新生长reproduce[`ri:prə‘dju:s]vt.1.繁殖；2.再生产，再生长（器官）；3.复制；4.再现，重现sacrifice to向……献祭；为……而牺牲；为……而失去do research into进行……的研究be central to对……极为重要的do experiment on用……做实验be irrelevant to与……不相干；不切题test on对……进行试验aim for瞄准；以……为目标pet[pet]n.宠物，爱畜；a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的delightful[di‘laitful]a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的humanity[hju（:）‘mæniti]n.1.人性，博爱，仁慈；2.人类negative[‘negətiv]a.1.否定的，否认的；2.反面的，消极的；3. [数]负的，[电]阴性的；n.1.负片，底片；2.负数remark[ri‘mɑ:k]vt.说，评论；vi.评论，议论（on）；n.评论，看法touching[‘tʌtʃiŋ]a.动人的，使人感伤的going[‘gəuiŋ]n.进行状况；a.进行中的；现行的coming[‘kʌmiŋ]a.正在到来的，即将来到的；n.来到，到达literal[‘litərəl]a.1.精确的，如实的；2.逐字的，字面的grant[grɑ:nt]vt.同意；准予；n.1.同意，授予；2.拨款contented[kən‘tentid]a.满足的，满意的serene[si‘ri:n]a.安详的；宁静的contemplate[‘kɔntempleit]vt.1.注视，凝视；2.沉思plea[pli:]n.1.请求，恳求；2.托词devotion[di‘vəuʃən]n.献身，忠诚ownership[‘əunəʃip]n.1.拥有；2.所有权，所有制imperative[im‘perətiv]a.1.绝对必要的，迫切的；2.命令，强制的；3.[语]祈使的stricken[‘strikən]I.strike的过去分词II.a.1.被打中的，被击伤的；2.（常用以构成复合词）受灾的，受侵袭的relief[ri‘li:f]n.1.（痛苦，压迫等）减轻，宽慰；2.救济donation[dəu‘neiʃən]n.捐献；赠送afflict[ə‘flikt]vt.使苦恼，折磨deprive[di‘praiv]vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去（of）individualistic[`indi`vidjuə‘listik]a.个人主义（者）的prevail[pri‘veil]vi.1.胜过（over，against）；2.流行，盛行starvation[stɑ:‘veiʃən]n.饥饿；饿死kwashiorkor[`kwɔʃi‘ɔ:kɔ:]n.[医]恶性营养不良症deficiency[di‘fiʃənsi]n.缺乏，不足starve[stɑ:v]vi.1.饿死；2.挨饿；3.极需，渴望（for）；vt.使饿死；使挨饿sustain[səs‘tein]vt.1.支撑，承受住；2.供养，维持unreasonable[ʌn‘ri:znəbl]a.1.不讲道理的，非理智的；2.不合情理的，过度的bring out 1.使显现，显示；2生产，使产生attach……to使……与……相关，把……附加到goings and comings 1.来往；2.活动，发生的事take……for granted 1.认为真实；2.视为当然at ease自在的，舒适的plea for恳求；请求not that……并不是说not（never）for a moment决不；从不break in on（upon）1.打扰；2.打断，闯进feel bitter at对……怀恨seize hold of 1.抓住；2.占有daydream[‘deidri:m]vi./n.白日做梦symptom[‘simptəm]n.症状，征兆habitual[hə‘bitjuəl]a.1.习惯性的，习以为常的；2.惯常的，已成规则的maladjustment[mælə‘dʒʌstmənt]n.1.失调；2.不适应环境compensatory[kəm‘pensətəri]a.赔偿，补偿的equilibrium[`i:kwi‘libriəm]n.1.平衡，均衡，平均，相称；2.均势；3.（心情的）平静；4.（判断上的）不偏不倚intellectual[`inti‘lektjuəl]n.知识分子；a.智力的，理智的detail[‘di:teil]n.细节，详情；vt.详述，详细说明enhance[in‘hɑ:ns]vt.提高；增强spur[spə:]vt.1.用催马刺催促（马）；2.激励，鞭策；n.1.踢马刺；2.刺激（物），激励，鼓舞initial[i‘niʃəl]a.1.最初的，开始的；2.词首的；n.首字母inventor[in‘ventə]n.发明者，创造者waylay[wei‘lei]vt.伏击；拦住……问讯muse[mju:z]v./n.沉思，冥想confront[kən‘frʌnt]vt.1.面对，遭遇；2.正视，对抗painter[‘peintə]n.漆工；画家sensitivity[`sensi‘tiviti]n.敏感性；灵敏度inner[‘inə]a.1.内部的，里面的；2.思想的，精神的；n.内部；里面reflection[ri‘flekʃən]n.1.反射，反映，映像；2.深思，考虑creativity[`kri:ei‘tiviti]n.创造性effortless[‘efətlis]a.1.不作努力的；2.不费力的，容易的dreamlike[‘dri:mlaik]a.梦一般的，梦幻的surrounding[sə‘raundiŋ]n.[pl.]周围的事物；环境；a.周围的character[‘kæriktə]n.1.性格，品质；2.特性，特征；3.人物，角色；4.（书写或印刷）符号，（汉）字thinker[‘θiŋkə]n.思想家；思考者steadily[‘stedili]ad.稳固地；稳定地vividly[‘vividli]ad.鲜明地；生动地drift[drift]n.1.漂流；2.趋势，倾向；vi.漂流；漂泊；vt.使漂流trace[treis]n.1.痕迹，踪迹；2.微量，少许；vt.跟踪，查找undisturbed[‘ʌndis‘tə:bd]a.不受干扰的；宁静的tune[tju:n]n.1.曲调，曲子；2.和谐，协调；vt.1.为（乐器）调音；2.和谐，调节midst[midst]n.中间，当中；prep.（=amidst）在……当中impoverished[im‘pɔvəriʃt]a.贫困的，赤贫的。

Lecture 4FUNCTIONAL BUDGETA functional budget is one, which relate to a function of the business. All the functional budgets are summarized into what is known as a “master budget” . there functional budgets are subsidiary bright of the master budget. Functional budgets include1.Sales budget2.Production budget3.Purchase of materials4.Production cost budget5.Plant utilization budget6.Capital expenditure budget7.Selling and distribution cost budget8.Cash budget etcSALES BUDGETIn manufacturing organizations sales budgeting begin with the forecasting of the sales of individual products. These forecasts may be by geographical areas, by class of customer by salesman by some other segment. The sales manager will be responsible for the preparation of the sale budgets, which are prepared in terms of quantities, then evaluated at budgeted unit prices sales budget is not only the most difficult to prepare. Factors to be considered while preparing sales budget are:(i)Historical analysis of sales(ii)Business condition(iii)Reports by salesmen(iv)Market analysis(v)Other special conditionPRODUCTION BUDGETThis is an estimate of production for the budget period. It is prepared by the production manager and it shows quantity of products to be manufactured. It is the initial step inbudgeting manufacturing operations. The production budget allows for a normal loss in production, so that net output will be sufficient to meet sales’ requirements and forecast stocks. It will be sub- divided into months so that production can be arranged over the year to meet possible seasonal demands, holiday periods, etcThere are at least three principal budgets related to production budget these are:i.Raw materials budget – Direct materials budgetii.Direct labour budgetiii.Production overhead budgetFactor to consider while preparing production budget are the following formula is used for calculation of unit to be produced production = sales + closing stocksi.Factory capacityii.Budgeted stock requirementiii.Sales budgetIllustrationThe following information has been made available from the records of Oluwatobi Nig. Ltd for the six months of 2006 (and of only the sales of January 2007) in respect of production X(1) The unit to be sold in different months areJuly 2006 1,100August 2006 1, 100September 2006 1,700October 2006 1,900November 2006 2,300December 2006 2,300January 2007 2,000(2) There will be no work in progress at the end of any month(3) Finishing units which are equal to half the sales of the next month will be in stockat the end of every month (including June, 2006(4) Budgeting production and production cost for the year ending 31st2006, are asfollows:Production (Unit) 22,100Direct materials per unit N 10Direct wages per unit N4Total factory overhead apportioned to production N 88,000 you are required: to prepare:(a) A production budget for each or the six months of 2000 and(b) A summarized production cost budget for the same periodPURCHASE BUDGETThe purchase manager is responsible for preparing a detailed plan of purchasers for the budget period and for submitting the plan in the form of a purchase budget. It indicates: (i) The quantities of each type of raw materials and other items to be purchased(ii)The timing of purchase(iii)The estimated cost of material purchased material purchase will be material required for production plus choosing raw materials less opening rawmaterialIllustrationThe sales manger of Igbala Nig. Ltd reports that next year he expects to sell 100,000 units of a certain production. The production manager consults the sore keeper and cost his figure as follows:Two kinds of raw materials A and B are require for manufacturing the production each unit of the production requires 2 units of A and 3 units of B. The estimated opening balance at the commencement of the next year are – finished production 20,000 units, A – 24,000 and B – 30,000 units the desirable closing balance at the end of the next year are finished product – next – 28,000 unitsA – 26,000 units andB – 32,00 unitsYour are required to draw up a quantitative chart to show the materials purchase budgets for the next yearPRODUCTION COST BUDGETThis is the quantity of product to be manufactured expressed in terms of cost. The following budgets are summarized to give the production cost budgetbour budget2.Raw materials3.Production overheads budgetLABOUR BUDGETIt specifies the direct labour requirement of various products as envisage in the production budget. It represents the forecast of labour requirement to meet the demands of the company during the budget period. The direct labour budget will be developed for both direct labour hours and direct labour cost. After the labour requirement rerlating to different grades are finalized, estimated rate per hour and labour cost per unit is arrived it.RAW MATERIALS BUDGETThe budget shows the estimated quantities of all the raw materials and components needed for the output demanded by the production. The materials budget provides basis for of control over materials usage and purchase cost budget. The following formula can be usedPurchase = Closing stock + Usage – Opening StockThe raw materials budget serves the following purposesi.It assist the purchasing department in planning the purchasersii.It helps in the preparation of purchase budgetiii.It provides data for raw materials controlNB = Indirect materials are included in the overhead cost budgetLecture 5PRODUCTION OVERHEAD BUDGETThis represents the forecast of all the production overheads to be incurred during the budget periodILLUSTRATIONTreasure limited makes 3 products. Extract from the standard cost records relating to these are as follow:Materials Unit cost Unit of production Materials in finalproduction Production product zA 1.10 5 A -B 1.00 3 2 6C 0.70 - 3 5D 1.20 - 1 4E 1.60 1 1 1Although no loses occur in the use of materials A to D, the standard yield on materials it is only 980% moreover, this is an ideal standard, the expected yield is 80%. During the month oif February the following sales figures were budgeted:SALESProduct (units)X 24,000Y 30,000Z 20,000It is reckoned that 5% of the production of product Y will not pass the rigid quality control test recently instituted by the company and will thus be disposed off immediately.Stocks on hand at the beginning of February are protected to be.Finished Goods UnitsX 3,600Y 4,000Z 3,200MaterialsA 40,000B 60,000C 30,000D 10,000E 18,000The from plans to increase finished goods stocks in order to satisfy under more quickly. Thus, production for February should be sufficient to raise stocks by 10% by the end of the period. Materials stocks, however, are considered to be too high and 5 reduction of 10% is planed by the end of FebruaryYour are required to prepare:a.Production ( in quantity)b.Materials usage ( in quantity)c.Materials purchases (in qty and value)9. Production budget (in quantity)Production = Sales + Closing stock – opening stocks.N/B Where there is normal loss; it must bee recognized in the computation1Illustration 2The sales manager of Jimmy Nig. Ltd. Reports that next year he expect to sell 50,000 units of a certain product. The production manager consults the store keeper and cost his figure as follows:Two kind of raw materials A and B are required for manufacturing the product. Each unit of the product require 2 units of A and 3 unit of B. the estimated opening balances at the commencement of next year are finished product – 10,00 unit, A – 12,00 unit and Ba-15,000 units. The desirable closing balances at the end of the next year are finished product – n ext – 14,00 units; A – 13,00 units and B- 16,000 units.You are required to draw up a quantitative chart to show the materials purchases budget for the next yearPURCHASING BUDGETThis is determination of quantities of raw materials required for purchasers within a given period and will be determined having taken into consideration the following:(a)The opening stock of raw materials for the period(b)The materials required for production within the period/year(c)The expected closing stock at the end of the periodMaterials purchase will therefore be material required for production plus closing raw materials less opening raw materialsPLANT UTILIZATION BUDGETThis represents the plant requirement to meet the production budget. This budget may be very important because(a)It details the machine load in every manufacturing department(b)It draws attention to any overloading in time for any corrective action to betaken e.g. shift working, purchasing of new machinery, overtime working,sub-contracting and(c)It draws attention to any under –loading so that the sales manager can berequested to investigate possible increased salesCAPITAL EXPENDITURE BUDGETThis represents the estimated expenditure on fixed assets during the budget period. It is based on information such as the following:(i)Over-loading shown in the plant utilization budget.(ii)Reports of the production manager requesting for new production machinery.(iii)Reports of the works engineers requesting for new service machinery.(iv)Reports of the distribution manager requesting for new transportation system.(v)Reports of the Accountant requesting for new office machinery.(vi)Decisions of the Board to extend building etc.SELLING AND DISTRIBUTION COST BUDGETThis represents the cost of selling and distributing the quantities shown in the sales budge. The sales manager, advertising, public relations and sales office manager will co-operate with the budget officer in the preparation of this budget.Lecture 6CASH BUDGETThe cash budget is one of the most important and one of the last to be prepared. It is a detailed estimate of cash receipts from all sources and cash payment for all purposes and the resultant cash balances during the budget period. It makes certain that the business has sufficient cash available to meet its needs as when these arise. It is a device for coordinating and controlling the financial side of the business to ensure solvency and provide a basis for planning and financial requirement to cover up deficiency in cash. Cash budget thus plays an important role. A cash budget records all cash outflows and inflows relating to period. This represents the cash and payment, and the estimated cash balances for cash month of the budget period. Its main function is:(a)To ensure that sufficient cash is available when required(b)To reveal any expectation shortage of cash, so that action may be taken e.g. bankoverdraft loan arranged etc(c)To reveal any expected surplus of cash, so that if the management decides, cashmay be invested or loanedFORMAT OF A CASH BUDGETPERIOD 1 PERIOD2 PERIOD 3 Opening cash Bal. b/f N N NADD Receipts from debtors X X XSales of capital items X X XAny loans received X X X Proceeds from share issued X X XAny other cash receipts X X XTOTAL CASH AVAILABLE x x xLESS: Payment to creditors (x) (x) (x)Cash purchasesWages and salaries (x) (x) (x)Loan repayments (x) (x) (x)Capital expenditure (x) (x) (x) Dividends (x) (x) (x) Taxation (x) (x) (x)Any other cash disbursement (x) (x) (x) CLOSING CASH BALANCE (x) (x) (x)ILLUSTRATIONThe opening cash balance on the 1st January was expected to be N30,000. the sales budgeted were as follows:November 80,000December 90,000January 75,000February 75,000March 45,000Analysis of records shows that debtors settle according to the following pattern:60% within the month of sale25% the month following15% the month followingExtracts from the purchase budget were as followingDecember 60,000January 55,000February 45,000March 55,000Al purchases are on credit and past experience shows that 90% are settled in the month following purchase and the balance settled the month after.Wages are N15,000 per month and overheads of N20,000 per month (including N5,00 depreciation) are settled monthly.Taxation of N8,000 has to be settled in February and the company will received settlement of an insuranceBUDGETED INCOME STATEMENTPreparing the budgeted income statement involves combining the relevant amounts from the sales cost of good sold and selling and administrative expense budgets and then subtracting interest, bad debts and income taxes to obtain budgeted net income. The finance department provides these amounts. In a comprehensive practice problem, the applicable amount for interest expenses may need to be calculated from information associated with the cash budget. Bad debt expenses are bade on the expected proportion of un-collectibles stated in the information related to cash collections.。