Foam film rheology and thickness stability of foam-based food products

防伪材料作文模板英语版英文回答：Anti-counterfeiting Materials: SafeguardingAuthenticity and Preventing Fraud。

In the modern world, counterfeiting poses a significant threat to businesses and consumers alike. Anti-counterfeiting materials play a crucial role in combating this issue by providing secure and reliable methods to authenticate genuine products. These materials incorporate a combination of physical, chemical, and digital features that make it difficult to replicate or imitate.Types of Anti-Counterfeiting Materials。

Holograms: Thin, reflective films that create a three-dimensional image when light is shone on them. Holograms can be customized with intricate designs and patterns that are difficult to replicate.Microprinting: Extremely small text or images printed on a product that can only be read with a magnifying glass. Microprinting is often used to create unique identifiers or other security features.Invisible Inks: Inks that are invisible to the naked eye but can be revealed under specific conditions, such as using ultraviolet light or heat. Invisible inks are often used to print covert messages or security codes.Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags: Tiny electronic tags that emit a unique signal when scanned by a reader. RFID tags can be used to track products throughout the supply chain and prevent counterfeiting.Biometrics: Physical characteristics, such as fingerprints or facial recognition, that can be used to uniquely identify an individual or product. Biometrics are becoming increasingly common in anti-counterfeiting applications.Benefits of Anti-Counterfeiting Materials。

IntroductionThe use of paints which can minimize or control condensation is quickly gaining popularity among homeowners who are looking to reduce moisture buildup in specific areas of their homes such as bathrooms, kitchens, basements, garages, sheds, and entry areas. Many different manufacturers are starting to develop these paints using newer technologies involving more durable binders.Another key raw material which could be utilized to delay the onset of condensation is 3M™ Glass Bubbles.Condensation and Related IssuesThere is always some moisture in the air, even if it is not readily visible. If air gets cold, it cannot hold all the moisture produced by everyday activities and some of this moisture appears as tiny droplets of water. This is readily noticeable on windows on a cold morning. This phenomenon is condensation. It can also be seen on mirrors when you have a bath or shower, and on cold surfaces such as tiles or cold walls. Condensation occurs in cold weather, even when the atmosphere is dry. In homes, condensation may be visibleon or near windows, in corners, and near wardrobes and cupboards. Condensation forms on cold surfaces and places where there is little movement of air. Excessive condensation can produce long-term dampness which can lead to mold growth on walls and ceilings, and mildew which can result in rotting wooden window frames.Condensation FormationCondensation forms more easily on cold surfaces in the home, for example walls and ceilings. In some cases, those surfaces can be made warmer by improving the thermal insulation. In many cases, thermal insulation is not possible due to the house configuration or the cost of refurbishment.An efficient way of combating condensation is to cover walls and ceilings with a specially formulated paint to reduce condensation.Anti-Condensation PaintThere are various kinds of anti-condensation paints. Some of them are formulated above CPVC (Critical Pigment Volume Concentration), making the dry paint film highly porous. These paints act as a sponge, absorbing water from condensation. Typically, these paints have lower quality, resulting in lower scrub and stain resistance. Over time, these paints may promote mold and mildew growth resulting in fungi, black stains, and rapid degradation of the wall:Higher quality anti-condensation paints are formulated below CPVC, making the dry paint film non-porous, and impervious to water with good scrub and stain resistance. The use of fungicides can also help enhance the durability of the paint.In addition to those physical and chemical properties, another important property for a good anti-condensation paint is a low thermal conductivity to provide some degree of thermal insulation, in order to increase surface temperature of the wall. If the temperature of the wall is greater than the dew point of the surrounding ambient moist atmosphere, condensation will not appear. If the temperature of the wall is lower than the dew point of the surrounding atmosphere, the time for condensation to form will be longer when the wall is warmer (close to the dew point) rather than colder (far away from the dew point).Technical PaperThe use of 3M™ Glass Bubbles to increase time until condensationforms on painted surfaces23M™ Glass Bubbles3M™ Glass Bubbles are a high-strength, low-density, inorganic additives made from a water resistant and chemically-stable soda-lime-borosilicate glass. They are used in a variety of applications, including automotive, marine, oil and gas, and construction.Because of their hollow shape, 3M™ Glass Bubbles have been used in various applications for many years to provide thermalDevelopment of Condensation Time Test Method3First Drop ofCondensationA plot of condensation time versus density of the dry filmshowed there is a direct correlation. Lower density dry filmsyield longer condensation times. One way to achieve lowerdensity involves formulating higher PVC paints. Exceeding theCPVC, however, may produce porous films which will reducefilm durability properties such as scrub resistance.Due to the temperature gradient and high humidity in the firstenclosure, condensation occurs on the painted surface as smalldroplets. These droplets increase in size and coalesce with4This paint does not contain any ground filler such as calciumcarbonate which is highly thermally conductive.The paint is formulated below CPVC (Critical Pigment VolumeConcentration) meaning that the paint is a closed film andnot porous. The S22 bubble grade was chosen for its lowerdensity and thermal conductivity, although other bubblegrades could be evaluated depending on processing andapplication conditions. The weight loading did not exceed 6%in the optimized formulation. The density of the dried film was<1 g/cc. This paint produced an average condensation time of45 minutes, which is comparable or better than many of the Lab Formulations with 3M™ Glass BubblesThe second step of the technical study was to develop a goodanti-condensation starting formulation for customers to model.An extreme vertices mixture design involving threeparameters (resin, calcium carbonate and 3M™ Glass BubblesS22) was conducted. This involved a linear regression, a paintformula model, and an optimized formulation. The resultingoptimization produced the following formulation:5AcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank Jean-Marie Ruckebusch, Senior Technical Service Specialist, 3M Advanced Materials Division – Specialty Additives Laboratory, 3M France.3M is a trademark of 3M Company. Used under license by 3M subsidiaries and affiliates.Please recycle. Printed in USA. © 3M 2018. All rights reserved.Issued: 7/18 14046HB 98-0212-4284-13M Advanced Materials Division 3M CenterSt. Paul, MN 55144 USAP hone 1-800-367-8905Web /glassbubblesWarranty, Limited Remedy, and Disclaimer: Many factors beyond 3M’s control and uniquely within user’s knowledge and control can affect the use and performance of a 3M product in a particular application User is solely responsible for evaluating the 3M product and determining whether it is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user’s method of application. User is solely responsible for evaluating third party intellectual property rights and for ensuring that user’s use of 3M product does not violate any third party intellectual property rights. Unless a different warranty is specifically stated in the applicable product literature or packaging insert, 3M warrants that each 3M product meets the applicable 3M product specification at the time 3M ships the product. 3M MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION ARISING OUT OF A COURSE OF DEALING, CUSTOM OR USAGE OF TRADE. If the 3M product does not conform to this warranty, then the sole and exclusive remedy is, at 3M’s option, replacement of the 3M product or refund of the purchase price.Limitation of Liability: Except where prohibited by law, 3M will not be liable for any loss or damages arising from the 3M product, whether direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential, regardless of the legal theory asserted, including warranty, contract, negligence or strict liability.Technical Information: Technical information, recommendations, and other statements contained in this document or provided by 3M personnel are based on tests or experience that 3M believes are reliable, but the accuracy or completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Such information is intended for persons with knowledge and technical skills sufficient to assess and apply their own informed judgment to the information. No license under any 3M or third party intellectual property rights is granted or implied with this information.Note: The purpose of this paper is to provide basic information to product users for use in evaluating, processing, and troubleshooting their use of certain 3M products. The information provided is general or summary in nature and is offered to assist the user. The information is not intended to replace the user’s careful consideration of the unique circumstances and conditions involved in its use and processing of 3M products. The user is responsible for determining whether this information is suitable and appropriate for the user’s particular use and intended application. The user is solely responsible for evaluating third party intellectual property rights and for ensuring that user’s use and intended application of 3M product does not violate any third party intellectual property rights.。

检测认证玻璃纤维复合气凝胶绝热毡质量分级的实施和探讨■ 胡鹏军1* 张 鹤2 崔 军3 张剑红4 侯 鹏4（1. 中国石油化工集团公司物资装备部；2. 中国特种设备检测研究院；3. 南京玻璃纤维设计研究院有限公司；4. 南京国材检测有限公司）摘 要：玻璃纤维复合气凝胶绝热毡是一种新型纳米孔气凝胶复合绝热材料，相比传统绝热材料它具有密度低、孔隙多、绝热性能优良等特点，在航天、石化、汽车等行业领域具有广泛的应用前景。

本文对气凝胶复合绝热毡国内外标准进行了比对，介绍了一种产品质量分级方法和气凝胶复合绝热毡质量分级标准，列举了国内主要生产企业的产品质量评价结果和性能比对情况，对于分析我国气凝胶产品质量现状，推广气凝胶绝热材料应用，推动绝热制品行业高质量发展具有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词：玻璃纤维复合气凝胶，绝热毡，质量分级，标准DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1002-5944.2023.07.032Implementation and Discussion on Quality Grading of Glass FiberComposite Aerogel Insulation FeltHU Pengjun1* ZHANG He2 CUI Jun3 ZHANG Jianhong4 HOU Peng4（1. SINOPEC Procurement Division; 2.China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute.;3. Nanjing Glass Fiber Design and Research Institute Co. ,Ltd.;4. Nanjing Guocai Testing Co. ,Ltd.）Abstract: Glass fi ber composite aerogel thermal insulation felt is a new type of nano porous aerogel composite thermal insulation material. Compared with traditional thermal insulation materials, it has the characteristics of low density, many pores and excellent thermal insulation performance. It has wide application prospects in aerospace, petrochemical, automobile and other industries. This paper compares the domestic and international standards for aeroneneneba gel composite thermal insulation felt, introduces a product quality classifi cation method and the quality classifi cation standard for aerogel composite thermal insulation felt, and lists the product quality evaluation results and performance comparison of major domestic manufacturers. It can provide reference for analyzing the current quality situation of China’s aerogel products, promoting the application of aerogel thermal insulation materials, and promoting the high-quality development of the thermal insulation product industry.Keywords: glass fi ber composite aerogel, thermal insulation felt, quality grading, standard0 引 言建立和实施质量分级制度是推动质量强国战略和品牌强国战略的重要举措，探索科学有效的质量分级方法，形成企业积极参与质量分级的机制，对于夯实制造业质量发展根基，提升产品和服务质量，推动高质量发展具有重要战略意义。

广州日报/2011年/9月/11日/第013版发现人造皮肤：蚕丝蛋白人造皮李文植皮，最近因歌手齐秦的烧伤再度引起大家的关注。

令人高兴的是，人造皮肤的研究在不断向前推进。

德国科学家最近发现，蜘蛛丝很可能是未来理想的人造皮肤材料之一。

而在我国，浙江大学副教授闵思佳及其团队成功研发出柔软的蚕丝蛋白人造皮肤敷料。

关于人造皮肤，有哪些有趣的新发现？为此，记者走访了有关专家。

皮肤再造：敷料是“土壤”自体皮肤是“种子”武警广东总队医院烧伤外科田宜肥主任在接受本报记者专访时表示，相比看得见的带着鲜红血液的创伤，有时，看不到血色的烧伤更可怕，行内称之为“白色流血”。

大面积严重烧伤的病患皮肤真皮层受损，体内的液体失去皮肤的保护会迅速渗出、蒸发、丢失，病患往往面临休克的危险。

在闯过休克关口之后，细菌感染是接下来要面临的严峻挑战。

目前，我国烧伤方面的治疗在全世界处于领先水平，但仍难以避免严重烧伤病患死亡率较高的问题。

对大众而言，烧伤后会不会留疤痕是大家最关心的事。

“会不会留疤跟个人的体质有关，很难预测。

一般来说，深二度以上的烧伤是一定会留下疤痕的。

”田主任说，“而且，这跟人种也有关系。

有色人种相对于白色人种，天生就更容易留下疤痕。

”小白猪真皮仍是主要敷料对严重烧伤患者而言，植皮是为了救命。

医生必须及时封闭创面，给创面覆盖上一层保护膜，给受伤的皮肤一个能重新生长的环境。

这层保护膜要尽可能接近人体自然的皮肤，才不会被我们的身体排斥。

“我们对自己的皮肤不会排斥，此外，只有同卵双胞胎的皮肤才有较大的接受度。

”田主任说。

这也就使得任何外来的异己皮、异种皮、人造皮都只能作为一种敷料而存在，就好比是“给我们自体的皮肤提供一个适宜生长的‘土壤’”。

除了要有“土壤”，我们还必须取下自己身体上完好的皮肤，有时像贴邮票，有时像撒种子，将完好的皮肤“微粒”撒播在敷料的“土壤”环境中，让这些“种子”细胞慢慢增殖、扩散，逐渐使创面愈合。

异己皮，就是从别人身上取下的皮肤，虽然最切合人类皮肤的自然形态，但却是稀缺材料。

等离子碳纤表面处理效果英文回答：Plasma Carbon Fiber Surface Treatment: Benefits and Applications.Plasma carbon fiber surface treatment is a versatile and effective process that enhances the surface properties of carbon fibers, making them more suitable for a wide range of applications. This treatment involves exposing the carbon fibers to a plasma, which is a highly ionized gas, in a controlled environment. The plasma interacts with the surface of the fibers, altering their chemical composition and creating a thin, uniform layer on the surface. This layer can significantly improve the properties of the carbon fibers, including their wettability, adhesion, and electrical conductivity.Benefits of Plasma Carbon Fiber Surface Treatment.Plasma carbon fiber surface treatment offers numerous benefits, including:Improved wettability: The treatment creates a more hydrophilic surface, which allows liquids to spread and adhere more easily. This enhanced wettability is crucialfor applications involving adhesives, coatings, and composite materials.Enhanced adhesion: The modified surface layer improves the adhesion between the carbon fibers and other materials, such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. This enhanced adhesion is essential for creating strong and durable composites.Increased electrical conductivity: The treatment can increase the electrical conductivity of the carbon fibers, making them more suitable for electrical applications, such as electrodes and conductors.Tailorable surface properties: The parameters of the plasma treatment, such as the gas composition, pressure,and exposure time, can be adjusted to tailor the surface properties of the carbon fibers to specific requirements.Applications of Plasma Carbon Fiber Surface Treatment.Plasma carbon fiber surface treatment has a wide rangeof applications in various industries, including:Aerospace: Treated carbon fibers are used inlightweight and high-strength aircraft components, such as wing spars and fuselage skins.Automotive: The treatment improves the adhesion of carbon fibers to metal frames, reducing the risk of delamination in vehicle bodies.Electronics: Treated carbon fibers are used in printed circuit boards, electrodes, and other electronic components.Medical: The treatment enhances the biocompatibility of carbon fibers, making them suitable for medical implantsand devices.Textiles: Treated carbon fibers are used in high-performance fabrics, such as those used in protective clothing and sports equipment.中文回答：等离子碳纤维表面处理，优势与应用。

A study of the antimicrobial and tribological properties of TiN/Ag nanocomposite coatingsP.J.Kelly a ,⁎,H.Li a ,K.A.Whitehead a ,b ,J.Verran b ,R.D.Arnell c ,I.Iordanova daSurface Engineering Group,Dalton Research Institute,Manchester Metropolitan University,Manchester M15GD,UK bSchool of Biology,Chemistry and Health Science,Manchester Metropolitan University,Manchester M15GD,UK cJost Institute of Tribotechnology,University of Central Lancashire,Preston PR12HE,UK dDepartment of Solid State Physics and Microelectronics,Faculty of Physics,University of So fia,Bulgariaa b s t r a c ta r t i c l e i n f o Available online 14May 2009Keywords:Nanocomposite coatings Antimicrobial coatings TribologyTiN/Ag coatings with varying silver contents have been deposited by pulsed magnetron sputtering.The films were characterised in terms of structure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The tribological properties of the coatings were assessed by thrust washer wear testing,which showed a marginal reduction in friction coef ficient with increasing silver content against a steel counterface.Zones of inhibition were used to determine the extent of silver ion release from the nanocomposite materials,and a NBT (nitro-blue tetrazolium)redox dye was used in an assay to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the surfaces following incubation.The microorganisms tested were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus .Whilst no zones of inhibition were observed on any of the surfaces,for the NBT assays,after incubation,the silver containing coatings revealed a signi ficant reduction in the number of viable cells of both microorganisms,compared to a ‘pure ’TiN surface.©2009Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionTitanium nitride (TiN)is a hard,wear resistant coating material,which is widely applied to cutting and forming tools and other components operating in an abrasive wear environment [1].TiN,though,is not known as a low friction material and does not generally offer protection to the mating face during use.Indeed,unlubricated tribological tests on films produced by these techniques tend to result in coef ficients of friction in the range 0.3–0.9,depending on test geometry,mating face material,etc [2].However,the incorporation of silver into the TiN coating offers the potential to modify these properties.TiN and Ag are immiscible.During deposition titanium has a very strong af finity for nitrogen,whereas,silver nitride is unstable [3].Thus,when deposited together by co-sputtering from two targets,the coating tends to form a structure that consists of a matrix of TiN surrounding nanoparticles of silver [4].In wear situations,the silver particles can act as a solid lubricant,thus lowering the coef ficient of friction and reducing damage to the mating face,as has been reported for the TiC-Ag [5],C-Ag [6]and CrN-Ag systems [7].The magnitude of this effect will depend on the nature and quantity of the silver particles and their distribution within the coating matrix,which in turn are functions of the deposition parameters and the silver content of the film.The ‘self-lubricating ’nature of TiN/Ag coatings,combined with their high hardness and scratch resistance makes them attractive for tribological applications.Moreover,titanium compounds are also biocompatible.Indeed,TiN coatings have shown reduced bacterial adherence and lower bacterial counts,in comparison to pure titanium films [8].Combining these properties with the inherent antimicrobial nature of silver [9],particularly when present in nanocrystalline form [10],opens up a number of novel applications for TiN/Ag nanocom-posite films in,for example,the biomedical or food processing industries where surfaces that are durable,safe,readily cleanable and resistant to microbial contamination are required.In this study,the antimicrobial activity of the TiN/Ag coatings was assessed using two well established microbiological assay techniques.Zones of inhibition (ZoI)tests [11,12]were used to determine the extent of silver ion release from the nanocomposite materials and a nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT)redox dye,which is used as a respiratory indicator in microbial cells,was used in an assay [13,14]to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the surfaces following incubation periods of 24and 168h,during which the coated surfaces were in contact with microbial cells.The former test relies on leaching of the silver ions from the coating,whereas the latter demonstrates a ‘contact kill ’process.The bacteria used were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a gram negative,1μm ×3μm rod shaped bacterium with flagellum),and Staphylococcus aureus (a gram positive 1μm diameter coccal bacterium).Both are opportunist pathogens;P.aeruginosa is found in most man-made environments and it is prevalent in soil and water,whilst S.aureus is a common skin commensal.Surface &Coatings Technology 204(2009)1137–1140⁎Corresponding author.E-mail address:peter.kelly@ (P.J.Kelly).0257-8972/$–see front matter ©2009Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.05.012Contents lists available at ScienceDirectSurface &Coatings Technologyj o u r n a l h om e p a g e :w w w.e l s ev i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /s u r fc o a t2.ExperimentalTiN/Ag coatings were deposited by closedfield unbalanced magne-tron sputtering in a Teer Coatings UDP350rig[15].The coatings were produced by co-sputtering from a99.5%titanium target and a99.9%silver target,both of size300mm×100mm,with the substrate holder rotated at a constant speed of16rpm between the targets.Both targets were sputtered in pulsed DC mode(Advanced Energy MDX with SPARC-LE pulse unit)at a frequency of20kHz and a duty of90%.An average power of1500W was applied to the Ti target,while the power applied to the Ag target was varied between0and120W in order to obtain different Ag contents in the coatings.Deposition took place in Ar-N2atmospheres at 2.4×10−3mbar,with optical emission monitoring used to control the reactive sputtering process.The deposition time was varied between1h and2.67h,depending on the power applied to the Ag target,in order to obtain coatings with similar thicknesses(2.5to3µm).To increase theadhesion strength between the coating and the substrate,a pure Ti interlayer was deposited for1.5min.For the TiN/Ag coatings,the Ti interlayer was followed by a TiN layer deposited for3min.The substrates for antimicrobial testing were10mm×10mm AISI304stainless steels coupons(20samples coated per run),whereas50mm diameter M2tool steel coupons were coated for tribological analysis(3samples coated per run).Prior to deposition,all substrates were sequentially cleaned in an acetone and an isopropanol ultrasonic bath.The substrates were also sputter cleaned at−550V DC for10min and a bias voltage of−50V DC was applied to the substrate holder during deposition.The coatings were characterised in terms of their structures and composition by scanning electron microscopy(SEM—Zeiss Supra40), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX—Edax Trident)and X-ray diffraction(XRD—Seifert&Co.)using Cu Kαradiation in the Bragg-Brentano mode.The hardness of the coatings was measured by nanoindentation(Micro Materials Nanotest100).The tribological properties of the coatings were investigated by thrust washer wear testing[16].The latter test provides a conformable contact(i.e.an extended apparent area of contact),as found in for example,mechanical seals,pumps and slideways,as opposed to the more conventional pin-on-disc test,which is a concentrated contact,as found in ball bearings and gears.The thrust washer geometry is,therefore,a more realistic replication of engineering situations in which sliding contact occurs.In preparation for the ZoI study and NBT assays,a single colony of P.aeruginosa or S.aureus was inoculated from an agar plate into100mL of appropriate liquid culture medium and incubated for18h with shaking at37°C.Cells were harvested by centrifugation(3600×g for 12min)and washed in10mL of sterile distilled water.The resultant cell suspension was adjusted to an optical density(OD)of1.0at540nm corresponding to concentrations of P.aeruginosa,2.6±0.76×108and S.aureus,2.13±0.75×109colony forming units(cfu)mL−1.For the NBTassays,10mL of washed cells at a concentration of105cfu mL−1was added to the surfaces and dried in a microbiological class2 laminarflow hood.The substrata with dried cells were placed into sterile plastic Petri dishes.Twentyfive milliliters of cooled(50°C)molten nutrient agar(P.aeruginosa)or brain heart infusion agar(S.aureus)was poured gently over the top of the sample and was allowed to set at room temperature.Following drying the agar plates were incubated overnight at37°C.The surface of the agar was thenflooded with2mL of1g L−1of the NBT solution made up using distilled water(within24h of inoculating and drying).The NBT solution wasfilter sterilized before use using a10mL Luer-Lok™syringe and a0.2μm Acrodisc®filter.For each coating composition,6replicates were carried out.Substrata for the ZoI study(3replicates per composition)were placed into sterile plastic Petri dishes and overlaid with23.75mL of either cooled (50°C)molten brain heart infusion agar or nutrient agar which contained 1.25mL of S.aureus or P.aeruginosa,respectively.Once the agar was set, the agar plates were incubated overnight at37°C.Following incubation, the zones of inhibition of the cells from the surface were measured.3.Results and discussion3.1.Coating structures and compositionsEDX analysis of the coatings determined that silver contents of0,4.6±0.5at.%,10.8±0.3at.%and16.7±0.2at.%were obtained at silver target powers of0,50,80and120W,respectively.Fig.1is a high resolutionSEMFig.1.High resolution SEM micrograph of a TiN-10.8at.%Ag coating,showing surfacetopography.Ag nanoparticles25–50nm in diameter are indicated in thefigure.Fig.2.θ–2θXRD spectra of TiN and TiN/Ag coatings on stainless steel substrates(S—indicates substratepeaks).Fig.3.SEM micrograph of the fracture section of a TiN coating deposited onto304Stainless steel.1138P.J.Kelly et al./Surface&Coatings Technology204(2009)1137–1140micrograph of the surface topography of a coating containing10.8at.%Ag. The silver nanoparticles with an average size of the order25–50nm can be seen distributed across the TiN surface,apparently positioned predominantly at the columnar boundaries in the TiN matrix.This hypothesis would seem to be supported by the XRD data,which show that at low silver contents only{111},{200}and{220}TiN peaks arepresent in the XRD pattern.At Ag contents of10.8%and greater,a two-phase structure forms and the XRD pattern contains peaks related to both TiN and Ag(see Fig.2).SEM micrographs of the fracture sections of a‘pure’TiN coating and a TiN coating containing10.8at.%Ag,both deposited onto stainless steel, are shown in Figs.3and4.The TiN coating has a dense columnar structure typical of this material.However the silver containing coating has a structure that appears noticeably denser than the TiN coating.3.2.Hardness and tribological propertiesThe hardness of the coatings was found to be27.3±2.56GPa,23.6±2.98GPa,17.5±2.63GPa and10.6±2.79GPa for silver contents of0at.%, 4.6at.%,10.8at.%and16.7at.%,respectively.Unlubricated thrust washer tests were carried out on the TiN/Ag coatings against100Cr6steel washers at room temperature for1h with an applied load of20N and a rotation speed of30rpm.The average values of the friction coefficient during the tests were0.365±0.016,0.357±0.023,0.349±0.026and 0.311±0.022for silver contents of0%, 4.6%,10.8%and16.7%Ag, respectively,indicating that there was a marginal decrease in the coefficient of friction with increasing silver content.Fig.5compares an example of the friction response for a TiN coating with that of a TiN-16.7at.%Ag coating.Wear rates were not calculated due to the irregular nature of the wear tracks.3.3.Antimicrobial propertiessilver ions from the substrata into the surrounding aqueous environmentto interact with any microorganisms.Reference to Fig.1reveals that thesilver particles are only a few tens of nm in diameter and cover only a smallpercentage of the surface area of the coating.Thus,it may be assumed thatthe concentration of silver on the surface of the coatings was too low tohave a measurable bactericidal effect,or that Ag+were not leaching fromthe nanoparticles.It is known that elemental silver has a very low rate ofdissolution in an aqueous environment[17].Work by Ahearn et al.[14]also found negligible zones of inhibition when testing the release of ionsfrom ion beam deposited silver coatings.For the NBT assays,after24h incubation S.aureus colonies werepresent on all the surfaces,regardless of the silver content,but thenumber of colony forming units decreased significantly with increasedFig.5.Friction output from unlubricated thrust washer tests of TiN and TiN-16.7at.%Agcoatings against100Cr6steel counterfaces.Fig.6.Staphylococcus aureus colonies on the surface of TiN and TiN/Ag coatings after24h incubation:a)TiN;b)TiN-4.6at.%Ag;c)TiN-10.8at.%Ag;d)TiN-16.7at.%Ag.Fig.7.Variation with coating composition in the number of Staphylococcus aureus andPseudomonas aeruginosa colony forming units per unit area after24h incubation. Fig.4.SEM micrograph of the fracture section of a TiN-10.8at.%Ag coating depositedonto304Stainless steel.1139P.J.Kelly et al./Surface&Coatings Technology204(2009)1137–1140silver content.The number of CFUs fell from an average of 54cm −2for the TiN coating to 1cm −2for the TiN coatings containing 16.7at.%Ag.This result is illustrated pictorially in Fig.6and graphically in Fig.7.After 24h no P.aeruginosa colonies were present on the control titanium nitride or the TiN/Ag coatings.However,as can be seen in Fig.8,after seven days at 4°C there was 100%coverage of the TiN control with CFUs,whilst the TiN/Ag coatings retained their antibacterial activity.The NBT assays demonstrate that under moist conditions with nutrients available to the cells,viable S.aureus cells on the surface were able to multiply and form colonies,but the colony numbers decreased with increasing silver content,indicating that the silver was killing some of the cells originally placed on the surface.Initially no P.aeruginosa colonies were observed on any surface,but after seven days storage CFUs were observed on the control,but not the silver containing surfaces,suggesting that viability appears to be reduced on all the surfaces,but silver is needed in the surface to maintain antibacterial activity.These results may be due to the physiological differences in the cell walls of the microorganisms since P.aeruginosa has a gram negative cell structure,whilst S.aureus is gram positive.Although silver is commonly reported as an antimicrobially active agent,the relationship between the size,shape and distribution density of the silver particles and the nature of the surrounding matrix will all affect its bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects.The different properties of the microorganisms tested also affect results,thus further work is required to assess the effectiveness of silver as an antimicrobial agent in these surfaces.4.ConclusionsNanocomposite TiN/Ag coatings were produced with a range of silver contents by co-deposition in a closed field unbalanced magne-tron sputtering system.Silver content was controlled by varying the power delivered to the silver target.The silver particles were found to be positioned predominantly at the columnar boundaries in the TiN matrix.The addition of silver made the coating structures noticeably denser.The friction coef ficient of the coatings decreased marginally with increasing silver content,but nanohardness fell signi ficantly.Antimicrobial NBT assays indicated that the number of S.aureus on surfaces decreased with increasing silver content,whilst P.aeruginosa numbers appeared to be reduced on all silver containing surfaces.This work suggests that nanocomposite TiN/Ag coatings can provide a surface that combines reasonable tribological properties with some antimicrobial activity,but in relation to the latter property,our results indicate that when silver is bound into a surface matrix,methods used to test for bactericidal effect must be representative of a contact kill,rather than a kill zone due to Ag +diffusion.AcknowledgementsThe XRD analysis reported here was sponsored by the scienti fic funds of the Ministry of Education and Research,Bulgaria and at So fia University.References[1]P.J.Kelly,R.D.Arnell,Vacuum 56(3)(2000)159.[2]I.Efeoglu,R.D.Arnell,D.G.Teer,Surf.Coat.Technol.57(1993)117.[3]J.F.Pierson,D.Wiederkehr,A.Billard,Thin Solid Films 478(2005)196.[4]T.de los Arcos,P.Oelhafen,U.Aebi,A.Hefti,M.Dueggelin,D.Mathys,R.Guggenheim,Vacuum 67(2002)463.[5]J.L.Endrino,J.L.Nainaparampil,J.E.Krzanowski,Surf.Coat.Technol.157(2002)95.[6]D.Babonneau,T.Cabioc'h,A.Naudon,J.C.Girard,M.F.Denanot,Surf.Sci.409(1998)358.[7]S.H.Yao,Y.L.Su,W.H.Kao,K.W.Cheng,Surf.Coat.Technol.201(2006)2520.[8]B.Groessner-Schreiber,M.Hannig,A.Duck,M.Griepentrog,D.F.Wenderoth,Eur.J.Oral Sci.112(2004)516.[9]J.Zhao,H.J.Feng,H.Q.Tang,J.H.Zheng,Surf.Coat.Technol.201(2007)5676.[10]K.Dunn,V.Edwards-Jones (Eds.),Burns,30,Suppl.1,2004,p.S1.[11]B.I.Barnes, C.A.Cassar,M.A.Halablab,M.H.Parkinson,es,Lett.Appl.Microbiol.23(1996)325.[12]E.DeVere,D.Purchase,Food Microbiol.24(2007)425.[13]A.Kozlovsky,Z.Artzi,O.Moses,N.Kamin-Belsky,R.B.N.Greenstein,J.Periodontol.77(2006)1194.[14]D.Ahearn,L.May,M.Gabriel,J.Ind.Microbiol.15(1995)372.[15]P.J.Kelly,T.vom Braucke,Z.Liu,R.D.Arnell,E.D.Doyle,Surf.Coat.Technol.202(2007)774–780.[16]P.J.Kelly,R.D.Arnell,M.D.Hudson,A.E.J.Wilson,G.Jones,Vacuum 61(2001).[17]V.Sambhy,M.M.MacBride,B.R.Peterson,A.Sen,J.Am.Chem.Soc.128(2006)9798.Fig.8.P.aeruginosa colonies on the surface of TiN and TiN/Ag coatings after seven days incubation:a)TiN;b)TiN-4.6at.%Ag;c)TiN-10.8at.%Ag;d)TiN-16.7at.%Ag.1140P.J.Kelly et al./Surface &Coatings Technology 204(2009)1137–1140。

抹脸油的好处英语作文The Allure of Facial Oils: Unveiling Their Multifaceted Benefits.In the realm of skincare, facial oils have emerged as an alluring elixir, captivating beauty enthusiasts with their transformative effects. These potent concoctions, derived from nature's bounty, offer a plethora of benefits that nourish, protect, and rejuvenate the skin, leaving it radiant and revitalized.1. Deep Hydration and Moisture Barrier Enhancement.Facial oils possess an exceptional ability to penetrate deeply into the skin's layers, delivering intense hydration to combat dryness and flakiness. Their emollient properties create a protective barrier on the skin's surface, preventing moisture loss and shielding it from environmental aggressors. By replenishing the skin's lipid content, facial oils contribute to its overall health andintegrity.2. Anti-aging and Antioxidant Defense.The antioxidant powerhouses in facial oils wage avaliant battle against free radicals, the unstablemolecules that damage skin cells and accelerate the aging process. These precious antioxidants neutralize freeradical damage, protecting the skin from oxidative stress and preventing premature aging. Moreover, facial oils contain vitamins and nutrients such as vitamin E, carotenoids, and fatty acids, which play vital roles inskin repair and rejuvenation.3. Calming and Anti-inflammatory Properties.For skin prone to sensitivity, irritation, or inflammatory conditions, facial oils offer a soothing balm. Their anti-inflammatory properties help calm redness,reduce itching, and alleviate skin discomfort. Certain oils, such as chamomile, rosehip, and lavender, possess calming effects that can promote relaxation and tranquility.4. Versatility for Different Skin Types.The diversity of facial oils ensures that there is a perfect match for every skin type. Dry skin benefits from nourishing oils such as jojoba, argan, and avocado, which mimic the skin's natural sebum and restore moisture. Oily or acne-prone skin finds solace in tea tree oil, rosemary oil, and grapeseed oil, which exhibit antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Sensitive skin appreciates the gentle touch of rosehip oil, calendula oil, and chamomile oil, which offer calming and protective effects.5. Enhanced Absorption of Skincare Products.Facial oils act as a conduit for other skincare products, facilitating their deeper penetration into the skin. By creating a smooth and hydrated surface, facial oils allow serums, creams, and masks to absorb more effectively, maximizing their efficacy and enhancing their results.Choosing the Right Facial Oil.The key to unlocking the full potential of facial oils lies in selecting the right oil for your skin type and needs. Consider the following factors:Skin Type: Determine your skin type (dry, oily, combination, sensitive) to identify oils that best complement its characteristics.Desired Results: Identify your skincare goals (hydration, anti-aging, calming, etc.) to guide your choice of oil.Ingredient Compatibility: Check the ingredients of facial oils to ensure they are compatible with your skin and do not conflict with other products you use.Tips for Using Facial Oils.Cleanse First: Always start with a clean face to ensure the oil can penetrate effectively.Apply Sparingly: A few drops of oil are typically sufficient to cover the entire face. Apply it to damp skin for enhanced absorption.Massage Gently: Use gentle, circular motions to massage the oil into the skin, allowing it to fully sink in.Use at Night: Facial oils are most effective when applied at night, when the skin is in repair mode.Avoid Overuse: Excessive use of facial oils can leadto clogged pores and skin irritation. Use them judiciously as part of your regular skincare routine.Conclusion.Facial oils hold a prime position in the skincare pantheon, offering an array of benefits that nourish, protect, and enhance the skin's health and appearance. By understanding your skin type and choosing the right facial oil, you can unlock the transformative power of these skin-enriching elixirs. Embrace the allure of facial oils and witness the radiant transformation they bring to your complexion.。

英文回答：Bremstone， as amon silicate mineral， has extensive applications in surface protective material。

Its superior chemical stability and resistance make it an ideal additive to paint， paint and waterproof materials in the construction field to enhance the durability and corrosivity of materials。

Bomstone is also often used in the manufacture of glass and ceramic materials to achieve surface resistance and durability。

The application of Bomstone in surface—protective materials helps to improve the performance of materials and to extend their useful life， in line with our current needs for building materials and our national development strategy。

勃姆石，作为一种常见的硅酸盐矿物，在表面防护层材料中具有广泛的应用。

其优异的化学稳定性和耐磨性使其成为建筑领域中涂料、油漆和防水材料的理想添加剂，以增强材料的耐久性和抗腐蚀性。

勃姆石也常被用于制造玻璃和陶瓷材料，以实现表面的抗污染和耐用性。

勃姆石在表面防护层材料中的应用，有助于改善材料的性能，并延长材料的使用寿命，符合当前我国建筑材料需求和国家发展战略。

无纺布术语（中英文对照）评论(0)作者: ahboby 来源：服装工程论坛字体：大中小一、原料 raw materials聚合物 : polymer 树脂：resin 切片：chips 天然纤维：Natural fibers人造纤维： man-made fiber 合成纤维：synthetic fiber 化学纤维：chemical fiber特种纤维：specialty fiber 复合纤维：composite fiber 羊毛：wool 蚕丝：silk黄麻：jute 亚麻：flax 木浆纤维：wood pulp fiber 涤纶：polyester(pet)锦纶：polyamide fiber(pa) 晴纶：polyacrylic fiber (pan) 丙纶：polypropylene fiber(pp)芳纶：aramid fiber 玻璃纤维：glass fiber 金属纤维：metallic fiber中空纤维：hollow fibers 超细纤维：microfiber 填充棉：fiberfill 长丝：filament短纤维：staple fiber 特：tex 纤维密度：fiber density 纤维直径：fiber diameter纤维细度：fiber fineness 纤维强度：fiber strength 纤维长度：fiber length二、化工料活性炭：activated carbon 热溶胶：hot-melt adhesive 热溶材料：thermo-melt material热粘合粉：thermo-bonding powder 胶乳：latex 染料：dyes 颜料：pigment涂料：coating pigment 海绵：sponge 添加剂：additives 粘合剂：adhesive,binder助剂：auxiliary agent 防老化剂：anti-oxidant 抗静电剂：antisitatic agent杀菌剂：bactericide 阻燃剂：flame retardant agent 消光剂：delustrant 干燥剂：dehumidizer 荧光增白剂：optical brightener 防污剂：soil-repellent 清洗剂：cleaning agent三、生产工艺及设备开包机：bale opener 开松：opening 开棉机：opener 混棉机：blender 梳理：carding道夫：doffer 罗拉：roller 打手：beater 铺网机：lapping machine 交叉铺网：cross lapping 平行铺网：parallel laying 杂乱铺网：random laying 气流成网：air-laid烘燥：drying 烘缸：drying cylinders 烘箱：drying oven 滚筒：dram 滚筒干燥：cylinder drying 尘笼：dust cage 输送帘：lattice 卷绕：winding 切边机：edge cutting machine针刺法：needle-punching 针刺机：needling machine 化学粘合法：chemical bonding process 化学粘合剂：chemical binder 泡沫粘合法：foam bonding 浆点机：paste point machine 粉点机：powder point machine 热粘合：thermal bonding 热轧法：thermal calendaring 成网：web formation 熔喷法：melt brown四：非制造布成人尿布：adult diaper 婴儿尿布：baby diaper 婴儿擦拭布：baby wipe 人造革基布：artificial leather substrate 汽车地毯：automotive carpet 汽车顶蓬：automotive headliner毯子：blanket 妇女卫生巾：feminine hygiene 衬布：interlining 土工膜：geomembrane土工网：geonets 罩衣：gown 家具布：home furnishings 家用毯子：house-wrap工业滤布：industrial filterling cloth 工业擦拭布：industrial wipe 汽车内装垫衬：interior decoration lining for automobile 胸衬：interling for front part 鞋帽衬：interling for shoes and hat 实验工作服：lab coat 口罩：mask 医用绷带：medical bandage 医用纱布：medical gauze 医用口罩：medical mask 枕套：pillow case 防护服：protective apparel 卷材：roll goods 屋顶材料：roof material 卫生巾：sanitary napkin 肩垫：shoulder padding喷胶棉：spray-bonded nonwovens 手术帘：surgical drape 台布：table cover 擦拭布：wipe五、非制造布质量及性能耐磨性：abrasion resistance 透气性：breathabiltiy 定重：basis weight舒适性：comfortability 耐用性：durability 柔韧性：flexibility 功能性：functionality 耐热性：heat resistance 亲水性：hydrophility 疏水性：hydrophobicity 强度：intensity 加工性能：processability 防护性：repellency 回弹性：resiliency 收缩性：shrinkage稳定性：softness 硬挺度：stiffness 耐温性：temperature resistance 厚度：thickness防水性：water resistance 湿强度：wet strength 抗皱性：wrinkle resistance。

Storageand Handling 贮存与管理Storage 贮存 Store in cool and dry conditions 贮存于阴凉干燥处A: 16Kg in 20 liter container 甲：16公斤装于20公升容器中Pack size 包装规格B: 4Kg in 4 liter container 乙： 20公斤装于20公升容器中Intended Uses用途用于冶金、机械工业和保温工程的钢铁表面作耐热，防锈和装饰之用，其耐热可达200℃，具有一种醇酸漆所有的特性。

Used for heat-resistance, anti-corrosion and decoration on steel surface in metallurgical, mechanical industries and heat-insulting work, it forms a coating with heat-resistance up to 200℃ and is possessed of the properties that conventional alkyd paint owns.Product Information 产品简介银色、铝粉耐热漆、双组份Silver, Aluminium eat resistant paint, two packages.Application details 产品数据V olume Solids 固体份40%Dry Flam Thickness干膜厚度30um microns equivalent to 70 microns of wet film30微米,相当于70微米的湿膜厚。

Theoretical Coverage 理论涂布率11.8m2 /Kg 11.8平方米/公斤Practical Coverage 实际涂布率Allow appropriate loss 允许适量损耗Storage and Handling 施工详述Mix Radio 混合比A:B=4:1(By weight) 甲：乙=4：1（重量比）Method of Application 施工方法Airless Spray 无空气喷涂 Recommended 推荐采用Brush or Roller 涂刷或辊涂 Suitable 适用Conventional Spray 传统喷涂 Recommended 推荐采用Thinner 稀释剂 SC000 Maximum thinning<5% 最大稀释量5% Cleaner 油漆设备清洗剂 C000Pot Life 使用期 25℃-12h 小时Storage 贮存期 One year 一年Dryingtime干燥时间SubstrateTemperature底材温度Touch Dry表干（min）Hard Dry硬干（h）Over coating Interval覆涂间隔Mix最短Max最长25℃ 4 2424-48hours小时（12-25℃）20hours 小时(above12-25℃以上）Not limit不限醇酸铝粉耐热漆（200℃，NR607 双组份）Flash Point 闪点 35℃ 35℃Specific Gravity 比重Approx 1.13Kg/L 约1.13公斤/公升Specification and Surface preparation 技术要求及表面处理Steel surface: Blast to Swedish Standard SISO55900 Sa2.5 or rust-removed manually or with power tool to Swedish Standard St3 before application.钢材表面：喷砂处理至瑞典标准Sa2.5级或手工、动力工具除锈至St3级（涂装前）。

薄膜厚度对含银纳米颗粒聚噻吩–富勒烯薄膜光电流产生的影响我们研究了入射光子-电流转换效率（IPCE）的薄膜的聚（3 -己基噻吩）（P3HT）和[6,6] -苯基C61丁酸甲酯（PCBM）作为薄膜厚度的函数，在存在或不存在的银纳米粒子（AGPS）薄膜的铟锡氧化物和–（ITO）电极之间。

该膜的厚度通过原子力显微镜评价。

测量研究的P3HT厚度的影响，薄膜的光电流作用光谱的吸收：PCBM薄膜。

结果表明，在较薄的薄膜光电转换效率急剧增加的厚度的最佳范围：PCBM P3HT薄膜为50–120 nm。

在这个最佳的范围内，1.5的ipces–1.8倍大的AGPS的存在。

1．景区简介有机薄膜太阳能电池作为下一代太阳能电池已经吸引了越来越多的关注，因为其廉价和简单的制造过程，和灵活性等。

特别是，聚（3 -己基噻吩）（P3HT）组合（电子供体：D）和[6,6] - phenyl-c61-butylic酸甲基酯（PCBM）（电子受体：一）已被通常使用的本体异质结（BHJ）光伏薄膜太阳能电池局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）是在纳米水平的贵金属如金和银的一个独特的现象。

LSPR提供独特的光学性质，如增强的吸收特定波长的增加电领域在指定的表面。

4）最近，已经有越来越多的研究中使用的银或金的纳米粒子或纳米结构的LSPR提高光电转换效率。

5–10）之前，我们发现，银纳米粒子（AGPS）可以提高P3HT光发电效率：三电极的光电化学电池的PCBM薄膜。

11）不同，AGPS，激发分子的淬火，由于重原子效应，应在金纳米颗粒的情况下考虑（AUPS）。

例如，愤怒等。

12）报道，当荧光分子之间的距离和AUP（直径80 nm，在40 nm），样品的发射率实际上是相等的荧光分子的发射率。

因此，AGPs用于分子激发的增强是可取的。

然而，即使在AGPS的情况下，光活性分子和AGPS之间的空间距离是很重要的。

事实上，Tanaka等人。

13）报道，用荧光分子层和AGP膜之间的距离的增加，分子的荧光增强下降13）。

环氧云母氧化铁厚浆漆英语Okay, here's a casual and conversational write-up about epoxy mica iron oxide thick paste paint in English:Hey, guys! Have you ever heard of epoxy mica iron oxide thick paste paint? It's this amazing stuff that gives your surfaces a long-lasting and super-durable finish. It's like the ultimate protector for metal, wood, or any other material you can imagine.You know, sometimes you just need that extra layer of protection for your stuff. Well, this paint is it! The mica and iron oxide in it give it a unique look and feel. Plus, the epoxy base makes it super strong and weather-resistant.Painting with it is a breeze, too. The thick paste consistency makes it easy to apply, and it dries quickly. No more waiting around for hours for your paint to dry!It's perfect for DIY projects or even for professionals who want a quick and reliable solution.And don't forget, it's also super versatile. Whether you're painting a fence, a gate, or even a car, this paint will give you the perfect finish. Plus, it's available in a variety of colors, so you can choose the one that best matches your project.So if you're looking for a tough, long-lasting paint that will give your surfaces the ultimate protection, epoxy mica iron oxide thick paste paint is definitely worth checking out! Trust me, you won't be disappointed.。

印花糊料英文介绍Printing pastes are specialized formulations that play a pivotal role in the textile printing industry. These pastes are designed to carry and deposit dyes or pigments onto fabrics in a controlled and precise manner, resulting in vibrant and long-lasting prints. The selection of the appropriate printing paste is crucial for achieving desired print quality, colorfastness, and washability.The composition of printing pastes typically includes binders, thickeners, surfactants, and other additives that contribute to their rheological properties, adhesion, and printability. Binders provide the necessary adhesion between the dye or pigment and the fabric, ensuring that the print remains intact through multiple washes. Thickeners, on the other hand, regulate the viscosity of the paste, allowing for easier application and precise deposition of the ink.Surfactants are added to improve wettability and spreadability of the paste, ensuring even distribution of the ink across the fabric. These surfactants also assist in reducing surface tension, allowing the paste to penetratethe fabric fibers more effectively. Other additives, suchas stabilizers and preservatives, may also be included to enhance the stability and shelf life of the printing paste. The application of printing pastes is typically done using various printing techniques such as screen printing, roller printing, or digital printing. The choice of technique depends on the desired print pattern, fabric type, and production volume. During the printing process, the paste is applied to the fabric in a controlled manner, and then the fabric is subjected to heat treatment to fix the dye or pigment onto the fibers.The quality of the printing paste directly impacts the final appearance and durability of the printed fabric. Therefore, it is essential to select a paste that is compatible with the specific dyes or pigments being used,as well as the fabric material. Additionally, the paste should have good printability, meaning it should be easy to apply and produce crisp, detailed prints.In conclusion, printing pastes are essential components of the textile printing process. Their composition and properties play a crucial role in achieving high-qualityprints that are both visually appealing and durable. With the continued advancements in textile printing technology, it is expected that printing pastes will continue to evolve and improve, enabling the creation of even more stunning and innovative printed fabrics.**印花糊料英文介绍**印花糊料在纺织品印花行业中扮演着至关重要的角色，是一种专门配制的制剂。

专利名称：FILM FORMING METHOD AND STORAGE MEDIUM发明人：MORISHIMA, Masato,森嶋雅人申请号：JP2012/005254申请日：20120822公开号：WO2013/031142A1公开日：20130307专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：In order to provide a film-forming method able to control the crystallinity of silicon film when silicon film is formed, for example, as a power-generating layer of a solar cell using the plasma CVD method, a first process (premix) in which hydrogen gasand monosilane gas are premixed and the gas mixture is plasmatized to form silicon film (F1) on top of a substrate (S) is combined with a second process (postmix) in which hydrogen gas and monosilane gas are supplied separately and plasmatized to form silcon film (F2). Examples of combinations include a method in which silicon film (F1) is formed on top of the substrate (S) from the premix and then silicon film (F2) is formed on top of silicon film (F1), and a method in which silicon film (F1) and silicon film (F2) are alternately formed more than once on top of the substrate (S).申请人：TOKYO ELECTRON LIMITED,東京エレクトロン株式会社,MORISHIMA, Masato,森嶋　雅人地址：〒1076325 JP,〒1076325 JP,〒3050841 JP,〒3050841 JP国籍：JP,JP,JP,JP代理人：INOUE, Toshio,井上　俊夫更多信息请下载全文后查看。

防刮花膜的英语English:A protective film against scratches, commonly known as scratch-resistant film or anti-scratch film, is a thin layer of material applied to surfaces to prevent damage from scratches, abrasion, or minor impacts. These films are typically made from materials such as polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polycarbonate, which have high tensile strength and resilience to abrasion. The film is usually transparent or translucent, allowing the underlying surface to remain visible while providing protection. It is commonly used to protect electronic devices, automotive paintwork, glass surfaces, and other delicate materials prone to scratching. The application process involves carefully cleaning the surface to remove any dust or debris, followed by precise application of the film using specialized tools to ensure a smooth and bubble-free finish. Once applied, the film forms a durable barrier that can withstand daily wear and tear, extending the lifespan of the protected surface and preserving its aesthetic appeal.中文翻译：防刮花膜，通常被称为耐刮花膜或防刮膜，是一种薄薄的材料层，涂在表面上，以防止划痕、磨损或轻微碰撞造成的损坏。

复合材料英语复合材料专业术语高性能的长纤维增强热塑性复合材料：（LF(R)T）Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics 玻璃纤维毡增强热塑性复合材料：（GMT）Glass Mat Reinforced Thermoplastics短玻纤热塑性颗粒材料：（LFT-G）Long-Fiber Reinforce Thermoplastic Granules长纤维增强热塑性复合材料：（LFT-D）Long-Fiber Reinforce Thermoplastic Direct玻纤：Glass Fiber 玄武岩纤维：Basalt Fibre （BF）碳纤维：CFRP 芳纶纤维：AFRP ( Aramid Fiber)添加剂：Additive 树脂传递模塑成型：（RTM）Resin Transfer Molding热压罐：autoclave 热压罐成型：autoclave moulding热塑性复合材料缠绕成型：filament winding of thermoplastic composite热塑性复合材料滚压成型：roll forming of thermoplastic composite热塑性复合材料拉挤成型：pultrusion of thermoplastic composite热塑性复合材料热压罐/真空成型：thermoforming of thermoplastic composite热塑性复合材料液压成型：hydroforming?of?thermoplastic?composite热塑性复合材料隔膜成型：diaphragm?forming?of?thermoplastic?composite离心浇注成型：centrifugal?casting?moulding泡沫贮树脂成型：foam?reserve?resin?moulding环氧树脂基复合材料：epoxy resin matrix composite聚氨酯树脂基复合材料：polyurethane?resin?matrix?composite热塑性树脂基复合材料：thermoplastic?resin?matrix?composite玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料：glass?fiber?reinforced?resin?matrix?composite 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料：carbon?fiber?reinforced?resin?matrix?composite 芳纶增强树脂基复合材料：aramid?fiber?reinforced?resin?matrix?composite混杂纤维增强树脂基复合材料：hybrid?fiber?reinforced?resin?matrix?composite 树脂基复合材料层压板：resin?matrix?composite?laminate?树脂基纤维层压板：resin?matrix?fiber?laminate树脂基纸层压板：resin?matrix?paper?laminate树脂基布层压板：resin matrix cloth laminate树脂基木质层压板：resin?matrix?wood?laminate纤维增强金属层压板：fiber?reinforced?metallaminate吸胶材料：bleeding?materials；bleeder 脱模布：release?cloth喷射成型：spray-up?moulding 纤维缠绕成型：filament?winding?压机模压成型：press?moulding 拉挤成型：pultrusion?process预压时间：dwelling?time 预吸胶：debulking? 固化：curing加压时机：pressure?applying?opportunity 固化周期：curing?cycle固化温度：curing?temperature 脱模剂：mold?release?agent一、玻璃纤维：GFRP空心纤维：hollow fiber 非织造物：nonwovens, nonwoven fabric毡：mat 连续原丝毡：continuous strand mat, continuous filament mat短切原丝毡：chopped strand mat 干切原丝：dry chopped strands湿切原丝：wet chopped strands 复合毡：combination mat薄毡：veil，tissue 织物：fabric机织物：woven fabric 电子布：electronic fabric, PCB cloth无捻粗纱布/方格布：roving cloth, woven rovings 机织带：woven tape编织物：braided fabric 单向布：unidirectional fabric, UD网布：mesh fabric, scrim 非织造网布：nonwoven scrim, laid scrim有机物：organics 化学品安全说明书：material safety data sheets (MSDS)天然橡胶：nature rubber 碳黑：carbon black 颗粒：particle中大颗粒增强复合材料：large-particle reinforced composites弥散强化复合材料：dispersion-strengthened composites原子或分子水平：atomic or molecular level增强机理：mechanism of reinforcement 直径：diameter晶须：whiskers 单晶：single crystals 硼：boron多晶或非晶体材料：polycrystalline or amorphous material片状结构：laminar composites 夹层结构：sandwich panels低密度：less-dense 硬度：stiffness 强度：strength 延展性：ductility 冲击强度：impact resistance 断裂韧性：fracture toughness拉伸：tension 压缩：compression 脆性材料：brittle material延性材料：ductile material 弹性材料：elastic material拉伸试验：tensile test 树脂：resin 增强体：reinforcement耐磨性：abrasion resistance有机物：organics 化学品安全说明书：material safety data sheets (MSDS)天然橡胶：nature rubber 碳黑：carbon black 颗粒：particle中大颗粒增强复合材料：large-particle reinforced composites弥散强化复合材料：dispersion-strengthened composites原子或分子水平：atomic or molecular level增强机理：mechanism of reinforcement 直径：diameter晶须：whiskers 单晶：single crystals 硼：boron多晶或非晶体材料：polycrystalline or amorphous material片状结构：laminar composites 夹层结构：sandwich panels低密度：less-dense 硬度：stiffness 强度：strength 延展性：ductility 冲击强度：impact resistance 断裂韧性：fracture toughness拉伸：tension 压缩：compression 脆性材料：brittle material延性材料：ductile material 弹性材料：elastic material拉伸试验：tensile test 树脂：resin 增强体：reinforcement耐磨性：abrasion resistanceAcetyl||乙酰Acid-proof paint||耐酸涂料, 耐酸油漆Acrylic fiber||丙烯酸纤维Acrylic resin||丙烯酸树脂Active filler||活性填料Adapter assembly||接头组件Addition polyimide||加成型聚酰亚胺Addition polymer||加聚物Adjusting valve||调整阀，调节阀Adhersion assembly||粘合装配Adhersion bond||胶结Adjustable-bed press||工作台可调式压力机Adjuster shim||调整垫片Adjusting accuracy||调整精度，调校精度Admissible error||容许误差Admissible load||容许载荷Adsorbed layer||吸附层Advanced composite material||先进复合材料，高级复合材料Advanced development vehicle||试制车，预研样车AE(Automobile Engineering)||汽车工程技术Aeolotropic material||各向异性材料Aerated plastics||泡沫塑料, 多孔塑料Aerodynamic body||流线型车身Aft cross member||底盘/车架后横梁Air bleeder||排气孔Air clamp||气动夹具Air deflector||导流板；导风板，气流偏转板Air intake manifold||进气歧管Air servo||伺服气泵Air-tight joint||气密接头All-plastic molded||全塑模注的All polyster seat||全聚酯座椅Alligatoring||龟裂，涂膜皱皮,表面裂痕Amino resin||氨基树脂Angular test||挠曲试验Anti-chipping primer||抗破裂底漆（底层涂料）Apron||防护挡板Aramid fibre composites||芳胺纤维复合材料Assembly drawing||装配图Assembly jig||装配夹具Assembly part||装配件，组合件Autoclave forming||热压罐成型Autocorrection||自动校正Automatic compensation||自动补偿Automatic feed||自动进料Automobile instrument||汽车仪表板Automotive transmission||汽车传动装置，汽车变速器Auxiliary fasia console||副仪表板Axial strain||轴向应变Axle bushing||轴衬Axle fairing||底盘车桥整流罩A Stage||A 阶段(某些热固性树脂聚合作用的初期阶段)AAC(Auxiliary Air Control)||辅助空气控制ABC(Active Body Control)||主动式车身控制装置Abherent||阻粘剂Ability meter||测力计，性能测试仪ABL (Ablative)||烧蚀剂Ablation||烧蚀Ablative composite material||烧蚀复合材料Ablative insulative material||烧蚀绝热材料Ablative polymer||烧蚀聚合物Ablative prepreg||烧蚀性预浸料Ablative resistance||耐烧蚀性ABR(Acrylate Butadience Rubber)||丙烯酸丁二烯橡胶Abradant material||研磨材料，磨料Abrade||研磨；用喷砂清理Abrasion||磨耗Abrasion coefficient||磨耗系数Abrasion loss||磨耗量，磨损量Abrasion performance||磨耗性Abrasion-proof material||耐磨材料Abrasion resistant paint||耐磨涂料Abrasion test||磨损试验Abrasive blast system||喷砂清理系统Abrasive cloth||砂布Abrasive disc||砂轮盘，砂轮片Abrasive finishing||抛光Abrasive paper||砂纸Abrasive resistance||耐磨性ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)resin||ABS树脂，丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(热塑性)树脂ABSM(American Bureau of Standard Materials)||美国标准材料局Absolute dynamic modulus||绝对动态模量Absolute error||绝对误差Absorbent material||吸收性材料,吸收性物质，吸声材料，吸收剂Absorber||减振器，阻尼器，缓冲器ACA(Automotive Composite Alliance)||汽车复合材料协会ACC(Automatic Clutch Control)||自动离合器操纵控制Accelerant||促进剂，加速剂Accelerated aging test||加速老化试验，人工老化试验Accelerator pedal shaft||加速踏板轴Accelerator pump nozzle||加速泵喷嘴Acceptable life||有效使用寿命Acceptance test specification||验收测试规范Access panel||罩板,盖板Accessory||配件，附属品Accessory equipment||辅助设备Accessory kit||附件包，成套附件Accumulator can||储电池外壳Accumulator package||蓄压器组件，蓄压器单元Accuracy in calibration||校准精度Accuracy of finish||最终加工精度Accuracy of manufacture||制造精度Accuracy of positioning||定位精度Accuracy of repetition||重现精度，复制精度Acetal matrix composites||缩醛树脂基复合材料Acetal plastic||缩醛塑料,聚甲醛塑料Acetal resin||缩醛树脂Acetamide||乙酰胺Acetate fiber||醋酸纤维，乙酸纤维Acetone||丙酮Back corner panel||后围角板Back panel||后围板Back side panel||后侧板Back wall pillar||后围立柱Backer||衬料Baffler||挡板，阻尼器；导流叶片Bag Molding||气囊施压成型(袋模法) Baggage holder||行李架Barrier coat||阻挡层；防渗涂层Batch mixing||分批混合，批混Batching unit||分批加料装置Bearing assembly||轴承组合件Biaxial winding||双角缠绕, 双轴缠绕Binder fiber||粘合纤维Bipolymer||二元共聚物Bismaleimide composites||双马来酰亚胺复合材料Blank placement||坯料的放置Blanket||玻璃纤维毡；坯料Blanking press||冲压机, 冲割压力机Blending resin||掺合树脂BMC(Bulk Moulding Compound)||团状膜塑料BMI (Bismaleimide)||双马来酰亚胺Body back panel||车身后板Body back wall||车身驾驶室后围Body bracket||车身支架Body control module||车身控制模块Body frame (Body skeleton)||车身骨架Body front panel||车身驾驶室前围板Body monocoque||单壳体车身，单壳式结构车身Body outer panel||驾驶室覆盖件；驾驶室覆盖件Body structural member||车身结构件Body trim||车身装饰件Bonded riveted structure||胶铆结构Bonnet||发动机罩Brake||制动器Brake arrangement||制动装置Brinell hardness test||布氏硬度试验Brittle coating||脆性涂层Bulk coat||整体涂层Bulk heat treatment||整体热处理Bulk moulding compound||(增强塑料)预制整体模塑料Bumper bracket(holder)||保险杠托架Bus brake system||客车制动系Butt flange||对接法兰Butt joint||对接接头；对接Butterfly valve||节流阀，节气门BWI (Body In White)||白车身Cab deflector shield||驾驶室导流板Cab fairing||驾驶室整流罩Cab floor||驾驶室地板Cab mounting||驾驶室悬置CAD(Computer Aided Design)||计算机辅助设计CAE (Computer Aided Engineering)||计算机辅助工程设计Calibration tolerance||校准公差Calibrating instrument||校准仪表Camouflage paint||覆面漆, 盖面涂料, 伪假漆Cantilever beam impact test||悬臂梁冲击试验Carbon-felt reinforced carbon composites||碳毡增强碳复合材料Carbon fiber clutch||碳纤维离合器Carbon filament cloth||碳丝织物Case extension||外壳的伸出部分，延伸外壳Casing gasket||外壳密封垫Catalyst manifold||固化剂总成Catalyst pump||固化剂泵Catalyst ratio||固化剂比率Cavity||模槽，型腔；凹模Cavity block||阴模Cavity depth||模槽深度Cellular board||蜂窝状板，多孔板Cellular plastics||泡沫塑料，多孔塑料Centre boss||轮毂Centre pin||销轴，枢轴，主销Centrifugal casting moulding||离心浇铸成型Centrosymmetry||中心对称层板Ceramic matrix composites||陶瓷基复合材料Charge||填充气体，填充料Chasis||底盘；机壳，车架Chlorinated polyethlene||聚氯乙烯Chopped fiber||短切纤维Chopped random mat||短切无序毡Chopped strand||短切原丝CIRTM(Co-Injection RTM)||共注射RTM Clamping fixture||夹具，夹紧装置Clamping force||夹持力，合模力Class A surface||A级表面Clear coat||透明涂层，透明罩漆，清漆层Clear coat finish||清漆涂层Clicker die||冲模Climb milling||同向铣削, 顺铣Clipping press||切边压力机Closure pressing speed||合模速度CMM(Closed Mould Moulding)||闭合模塑CMT(Compression Molding||挤压成型工艺CNC(Computerized Numerical Control）||电脑数值控制Coarse grinding||粗磨，用砂轮初加工Coating defect||涂层缺陷Collision test||碰撞试验，撞车试验Combination property||综合性能Concept design||概念设计Convection modulus||对流模量Convergence test||收敛试验Cooling fixture||冷却夹具Cooling tower||冷却塔Crazing||龟裂，细裂纹Cresol resin||甲酚树脂Cutting felt||毡的剪切Cutting-off bushing||环形下料模; 下料环Damped structure||阻尼缓冲结构Damper bracket||件振器支架Dashboard illumination||仪表板照明Dash trimming||前围板衬板Deburring||去毛刺，倒角，除飞边Deepdrawing forming||深拉成型Deflection test||挠曲试验Dent resistance||耐冲击性Design freedom||设计自由度Detail drawing||祥图，零件图Die assembly||压模装置Die casting||压模铸件,压模铸法Dimethyl fomamide||二甲基甲酰胺Dimethyl ketone||二甲基甲酮; 丙酮Dip pretreatment||浸渍预处理Die prime coat||浸渍打底漆Dimensional stability||尺寸稳定性Dip coating||浸涂Dip forming||浸渍成型Durability testing||耐久性试验，寿命试验Dwell||保压,暂停加压；滞留时间Dynamometer||测力计Edge effect||边缘效应，边界效应Edge feed||边缘进料Edge gate||侧浇口Ejection force||脱模力Ejector||起模杆Ejector guide pillar||推板导套Ejector housing||支架Elasticizer||增塑剂Elastomeric composites||高弹体复合材料Elongation at break||断裂延伸率Energy absorbing foam||吸能泡沫塑料Epoxy resin||环氧树脂Ether ketone||酮醚Explosion proof||防爆Exterior body panelling||车身外板部蒙皮Exterior trim||外饰，外饰件Fabric composites||织物复合材料Fabric impregnation||织物浸渍Fabric preform||织物预成型Fabric prereg||织物预浸料Fabrication parameter||制造参数Fabrication procedure||制造工序Fabricating machinery||加工设备Face plate coupling||法兰式连接Factory primer||工厂底漆，工厂防锈漆Fairing||整流罩，整流装置Fairing panel||前裙板Fascia bracket||仪表板支架Fascia mask||仪表板罩板Fastening clamp||夹紧装置，紧固夹子Fatigue tension test||拉伸疲劳性试验FCM(Fibrous Composite material)||纤维复合材料FEA(Finite Element Anlysis)||有限元分析Feed system||供料系统Feeding pump||供给泵Feeding speed||进给速度Female groove||凹模Female mould(tooling)||阴模Fender||翼子板；护板Fender apron||挡泥板Fender inner panel||翼子板内衬护板Fiber composite laminate||纤维复合材料层板Fiber mat layer||纤维毡层Finisher(Finishing component)||装饰件Flange||法兰, 凸缘Flange fitting||法兰式管接头Flash||毛边Flash mold||毛边模具Front sheet metal||车前板制件Fuselage fairing||机身整流装置Gage kit||仪表组，仪表套件Gas cavity||气泡，砂眼Gauge panel||仪表板Gear assembly||齿轮传动装置, 减速器Gearbox cover||变速器壳盖Gear bracket support||齿轮托支架Gel coat||胶衣,凝胶涂层Gel coat drum||胶衣圆桶Gel coat flow monitor||胶衣流量监控器Gel time||凝胶时间Glass fiber winding machine||玻璃纤维缠绕机Glass wool||玻璃棉Glass yarn||玻璃丝Guiding device||导向装置Gunk||预混料Gusset||角撑件Gutter channel||流水槽Hand lay-up ||手工铺叠，手工铺贴Hardness testing machine||硬度测试仪Hauling truck||拖车Header board outside panel||前板外板Headrest||靠枕Heat barrier material||隔热材料Heat forming||热成型High molecular material||高分子材料High pressure bag molding||高压袋成型工艺High pressure injection moulding||高压注射成型，高压注射模塑High-strength structural adhesives||高强度结构粘合剂此资源来自：如需转载，请注明出处，谢谢合作!~ High temperature coating||高温涂层Hose support||软管支架Hub assembly||毂组件Hub bearing||车轮轮毂轴承Hydraulic device||液压装置Hydraulic engine||液压发动机Hydrostatic strength||流体静力强度IMC(In-Mold Coating)||模具内部涂层Immersion paint||浸漆Immersion test||浸渍试验，浸泡试验Immovable support||固定刀架Impact analysis||碰撞试验撞击分析Impact bending||冲击挠曲Impact specimen||冲击试样Impegnate||浸渍Impelling strength||冲击韧性Injection head||注射头Injection-moulded composites||注射模塑复合材料Injection moulded part||注塑制件Injection nozzle||注射喷口，压注喷口Intermittent entry||间歇供给，不连续供给Intermittent failure||间接性故障Izod test||悬臂冲击试验Jack||千斤顶，起重器；传动装置Jack engine||辅助发动机Jackbit insert||切刀，刀具，刃口Jacket||护套，套管，保护罩，蒙皮Jar-proof||防震的Jaw||钳口；定位销Jell||胶凝，凝固，固结Jet milling||喷射研磨Jig||夹具，定位模具Jig-adjusted||粗调的Job program||工作程序Joining nipple||接合螺管Joining on butt||对头接合Joint face of a pattern||分模面Joint gate||分型面内浇口Joint packing||填充垫圈，接合填密Joint sealing material||填缝料Joint-shaped support||铰接支架Joint strenght||连接强度Jump welded tube||对缝焊管，焊接管Junction bolt||接合螺栓Junction point||接点Keeping life||保存期，产品有效期Kenel||型芯Ketene||乙烯酮, 烯酮Ketene dimethyl||二甲酮Ketimide||酰基酮亚胺Ketimine||酮亚胺Ketoamine||酮胺，氨基酮Ketol||乙酮醇Ketone||甲酮Keying strength||咬合强度Knife holder||刀具，刀架Knockout||脱模Knockout pin||脱模销Knockout plate||脱模板Knoop scale||努氏硬度标度Knuckle joint||铰链连接Koplon||高湿模量粘胶纤维Koroseal||氯乙烯树脂Lacquer||挥发性漆；涂漆Lacquer finish||喷漆，上漆，罩光Lacquer formation||漆膜形成，成漆Lacquer putty||腻子，整面用油灰Lacquering ||上清漆Laminate construction thickness||结构层厚度Laminated panel||薄层状板Laminated plastics||层压塑料制品, 塑料层板Laminated thermosetting plastics||层压热固塑料Latex paints ||清漆Lay-up||(塑料，夹板的)铺叠成型Light-alloy body part||轻合金车身零件Lining ||衬里，衬垫Loaded haul cycle||载货行程Location bearing||定位轴承Location guide||固定导杆，定位导杆Location hole||定位孔Location tolerance||位置公差, 安装公差Locatin pin||定位销Lock bolt||锁紧螺钉Low pressure injection moulding||低压模塑成型Low shrink resin||低收缩树脂Luggage rack||行李架Machining accuracy||加工精度Machining center||加工中心Main shaft gear bushing||主轴齿轮衬套Mandrel ||卷芯，模芯；芯轴Manifold hood||歧管外罩Manual Lay-Up||人工手糊Manual spray-up||手工喷射Manual truck||手推车Manufacturing drawing||制造图纸Matched molds||合模Matrix ||基体，基质Mechanical properties||机械性能Metal bonding||金属粘结Metal-working machine||金属加工机床Methanol||甲醇Mismachining tolerance||加工误差Modular||组装式的Mofulus of elasticity||弹性模量Mould operation||模具操作Moulded plastics||模压塑料Moulding||嵌条；成型；装饰件Mount support||装配支架Multi-axial stress||多轴向应力Multi-tool machining||多刀切削加工||Needled mat||针刺毡，针织毡Non-ductile fracture||无塑性破坏Nontwisting fiber||不加捻纤维Notched izod test||带缺口悬臂梁式冲击试验Nozzle||管嘴，喷嘴Numerically controlled engine lathe||数控普通车床Nylon resin||尼龙树脂OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) ||原始设备生产商Offset cab||侧置驾驶室On-site forming||现场发泡On-site winding||现场缠绕成型Open molding||敞开式模塑法Opening mould||开模Optimized design||优化设计Orifice||注孔Orthophenyl tolyl ketone||邻苯基甲苯基酮Orthophthalic resin ortho||邻苯二甲酸树脂Osmotic pressure||渗透压力Outboard wing||外翼Outer panel skin||蒙皮Oven heating||烘箱加热，加热固化Over-engineering||过份设计的Over flow||溢流Over-spray||过喷Overhead traveling crane||高空移动行车Overhead-valve engine||顶置气门发动机Overhung trailer||外伸式拖车Oxide paint||氧化物涂料Package power||动力装置总成Packed ||紧密的，密实的；有密封的，有填料的Packing||衬垫；填料，密封填料；包装PAD(Paint As Required)||按需涂漆Paint base coat||上底漆Paint blemish||涂漆缺陷Paint blower||喷漆用压力机，喷漆枪Paint brush||涂漆刷Paint dilution||油漆稀释PE(Polyethlene)||聚乙烯Pedestal mounted||落地安装的Phenolic plastic||酚醛塑料Phenyl ketone||苯基甲酮Pit mounted||嵌入式安装Pivotal arm||枢轴Platic structural component||塑料结构零部件Plastic upholstery||(座椅)塑料蒙面Play compensation||间隙补偿PLC(Programmable LogicalController) ||可编程序逻辑控制器Polycarbonate plastics||聚碳酸脂塑料Polyester resin||聚脂树脂Polyimide||聚酰亚胺Polymer||聚合物，高分子，多聚体Polyurethane foam||聚氨酯泡沫塑料Polyvinyl||聚乙烯的, 聚乙烯Polyvinyl fluoride||聚氟乙烯Prefabricated parts||成品零部件，制造好的零部件Propylene resin||丙烯类树脂Protecting lacquer||防护漆PSF(Polystyrene Foam)||聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene)||聚四氟乙烯Pultrusion||拉挤成型Putty knife||油灰（腻子）刮铲QC(Quality Control)||质量控制QCS(Quality Control Standard)||质量管理控制标准QR(Quality Requirements)||质量规格(要求)Quality certification||质量认证Quantity production||大量（成批）生产，大规模生产Quantity production||大量（成批）生产，大规模生产Quarter panel brace||后侧围板支撑件Quarter panel lower extension||后侧围板下延伸部Quarter trim cap||后侧围装饰板盖Quarte wheel house||后侧围轮滚罩，后侧围车轮室Quasi-isotropic laminate||准各向同性层板Quench||淬火Rack truck||架子车, 移动架Radial dispersion||径向位移Radial loading||径向力(载荷) Radial pump||径向离心泵Radiation protective paint||防辐射涂料Radiator||散热器Rag||毛刺RARTM(Rubber-assisted RTM)||橡胶辅助RTM(用橡胶取代芯材的热膨胀RTM)Reactive resin||活性树脂, 反应型树脂Rear skirt rail||后围裙边梁Reciprocating engine||活塞式发动机, 往复式发动机Reinforcement||车身加强件，增强材料；构架Repeat accuracy||重复精确度Repeatability||设备重复定位精度Resin formulation||树脂配方Retaining nest||定位槽Return trip||回程，返回行程Rib||筋，加强筋RIFT(Resin Infusion Under Flexible Tooling)||挠性上模具树脂浸渍工艺RIM(Reaction Injection Molding)||反应注射模塑Safety hood||安全罩Sample testing||样品试验Sand wet||(车身/涂装)湿砂打磨Sandwich body||夹层结构车身Sandwich construction||夹层结构Sandwich panel||多层板，复合板Shaft assembly||轴组件Skin coat||表层；罩面层Solvent reclaim||溶剂的回收Stiffener||加强件Storage modulus||储能模量Stress at definite elongation||定伸应力Stretched actylic plastic||拉伸丙烯酸塑料String milling||连续铣削Stroke||(悬架)减振器，冲程Structural instrument panel||结构仪表板Structural layer||结构层Styrene||苯乙烯Styrofoam||聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Surface mat||表面薄毡Synthetic resin paint||合成树脂涂料Tack strength||粘着强度Tail gate||(卡车等的)后挡板Teflon||聚四氟乙烯(塑料, 绝缘材料)TERTM(Thermal-Expansion Resin Transfer Molding)||热膨胀树脂传递模塑Thermoplastic plastics||热塑性塑料Thermoset resin||热固性树脂Thickening agent||增粘剂Trim waste||内饰废料Trimming orientation||修边定位Turbulent heating||湍流加热Turndown ratio||衰减比率Twisting stress||扭胁强, 扭应力U bolt||U形螺栓U bolt plate||U 形螺栓垫板Ultimate mechanical strength||极限机械强度Ultraviolent sensitive coating||紫外线感光涂层Undercoat paint||头道漆Uniaxial drawing||单轴拉伸Unsaturated polyester resin||非饱和聚酯树脂Unyielding support||不可压缩支架, 刚性支架Upper yield stress||上屈服应力Urethane coating||氨基甲酸乙酯涂层UVRTM(Ultra-violet RTM)||紫外线固化RTM（利用紫外线进行固化）VA RTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) ||真空辅助RTM Vacuum bag molding||真空袋模制法VARI(Vacuum Assisted Resin njection)||真空辅助树脂注射Variable speed||无级变速Ventilation duct||通风管Ventilator(Ventilating equipment)||通风装置Vibratory stress||振动应力VIMP (Variable Infusion Molding Process)||可变浸渍模塑Vinyl chloride resin||聚氯乙烯树脂VOC(Volatile Organic Compound)||挥发性有机化合物Volume modulus||体积模数Vortex generator||(车身)扰流器，导流板VRV(Vacuum Reducer Valve)||真空减压阀Warping stress||翘曲应力Waste utilization||废物利用，废物处理Water shield||防水罩，挡泥板；密封条Water tolerance||耐水性Wedge gripping||楔形夹具Wheel fender||翼子板Wing trussgrid||翼子（挡泥）板加强件Winding||缠绕Wingtip assembly||翼尖整流罩Wire drawing||拉丝Wiring press||卷边压力机, 嵌线卷边机Workpiece grippe||工件夹子（持器），机械手Woven roving fabric||（玻璃纤维）无捻粗纱布织物Xylenol Carboxylic Acid||二甲苯酚酸Xlylene||亚二甲苯基Xyster||刮刀X alloy||铜铝合金Xenidium||胶合板Xenidium||胶合板Xylene ||二甲苯Xylene resin||二甲苯树脂Yard-crane||移动吊车，场内移动起重机Yarn count||纱线支数，丝线支数Yarn strength||纱线强度，长丝强度Yield limit||屈服极限，屈服点Yield point under bending stress||弯曲应力下的屈服点Yield stress||屈服应力, 屈服点Yield stress controlled bonding||屈服应力粘结Zedeflon||四氟乙烯均聚物Zero checker||定零位装置, 零位校验Zero clearance||零间隙Zero compensation||零位补偿Zero initial condition||零初始条件Zero setting||(仪表)零位调整, 置零Zero shrinkage resin||零收缩树脂Zone control||区域控制。