(完整word版)高考英语不可数名词
- 格式:doc
- 大小:13.06 KB
- 文档页数:1
高考英语语法归纳大全高考英语语法归纳大全一、词类1、名词(1)分类:可数名词和不可数名词。
(2)名词的复数规则:一般情况下,直接加-s;以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的加-es;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es;以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s。
(3)主谓一致:主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后面要加-s 或-es。
2、冠词(1)分类:定冠词和不定冠词。
(2)用法:定冠词用在元音发音开头的单词前面,如 the book,the man;不定冠词用在辅音发音开头的单词前面,如 a book,an apple。
3、代词(1)分类:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词等。
(2)用法:人称代词主格做主语,物主代词却是在名词前面;指示代词 that 这个,those 那个,以及 those on the desk;反身代词表示强调,如 myself,himself 等;不定代词表示泛指,如 something,anyone 等。
4、数词(1)分类:基数词和序数词。
(2)用法:基数词表示数量,如 one,two,three;序数词表示顺序,如 first,second,third。
5、形容词和副词(1)分类:形容词和副词。
(2)用法:形容词修饰名词,如 a beautiful girl;副词修饰动词和形容词,如 run quickly,look carefully。
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成:比较级是 more 和 most,最高级是 best 和 most。
6、动词(1)分类:实意动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(2)用法:实意动词表示动作,有及物动词和不及物动词;连系动词表示状态,常见的有 be,seem,look 等;助动词有 be,have,do 等;情态动词表示情绪和态度,常见的有 can,may,must 等。
7、介词(1)分类:时间介词、方位介词、方式介词等。
(完整word版)常用英语语法术语表English Grammar Glossary—常用英语语法术语表一语法:grammar句法:syntax词法:morphology结构:structure层次:rank句子:sentence从句:clause词组:phrase词类:part of speech单词:word实词:notional word虚词:structural word单纯词:simple word派生词:derivative复合词:compound词性:part of speech名词:noun专有名词:proper noun普通名词:common noun可数名词:countable noun不可数名词:uncountable noun抽象名词:abstract noun具体名词:concret noun物质名词:material noun集体名词:collective noun个体名词:individual noun介词:preposition连词:conjunction动词:verb主动词:main verb及物动词:transitive verb不及物动词:intransitive verb系动词:link verb助动词:auxiliary verb情态动词:modal verb规则动词:regular verb不规则动词:irregular verb短语动词:phrasal verb限定动词:finite verb非限定动词:infinite verb使役动词:causative verb感官动词:verb of senses动态动词:event verb静态动词:state verb感叹词:exclamation 形容词:adjective副词:adverb方式副词:adverb of manner程度副词:adverb of degree时间副词:adverb of time地点副词:adverb of place修饰性副词:adjunct连接性副词:conjunct疑问副词:interogative adverb关系副词:relative adverb代词:pronoun人称代词:personal pronoun物主代词:possesive pronoun反身代词:reflexive pronoun相互代词:reciprocal pronoun指示代词:demonstrative pronoun疑问代词:interrogative pronoun关系代词:relative pronoun不定代词:indefinite pronoun物主代词:possecive pronoun名词性物主代词:nominal possesivepronoun形容词性物主代词:adjectivalpossesive pronoun冠词:article定冠词:definite article不定冠词:indefinite article数词:numeral基数词:cardinal numeral序数词:ordinal numeral分数词:fractional numeral形式:form单数形式:singular form复数形式:plural form限定动词:finite verb form非限定动词:non—finite verb form原形:base form从句:clause从属句:subordinate clause并列句:coordinate clause名词从句:nominal clause定语从句:attributive clause状语从句:adverbial clause宾语从句:object clause主语从句:subject clause同位语从句:appositive clause时间状语从句:adverbial clause oftime地点状语从句:adverbial clause ofplace方式状语从句:adverbial clause ofmanner让步状语从句:adverbial clause ofconcession原因状语从句:adverbial clause ofcause结果状语从句:adverbial clause ofresult目的状语从句:adverbial clause ofpurpose条件状语从句:adverbial clause ofcondition真实条件状语从句:adverbial clauseof real condition非真实条件状语从句:adverbial clauseof unreal condition含蓄条件句:adverbial clause ofimplied condition错综条件句:adverbial clause of mixedcondition句子:sentence简单句:simple sentence并列句:compound sentence复合句:complex sentence并列复合句:compound complexsentence陈述句:declarative sentence疑问句:interrogative sentence一般疑问句:general question特殊疑问句:special question选择疑问句:alternative question附加疑问句:tag question反义疑问句:disjunctive question修辞疑问句:rhetorical question感叹疑问句:exclamatory question存在句:existential sentence肯定句:positive sentence基本句型:basic sentence pattern否定句:negative sentence祈使句:imperative sentence省略句:elliptical sentence感叹句:exclamatory sentence句子成分:members of sentences主语:subject谓语:predicate宾语:object(完整word版)常用英语语法术语表双宾语:dual object直接宾语:direct object间接宾语:indirect object复合宾语:complex object同源宾语:cognate object补语:complement主补:subject complement宾补:object complement表语:predicative定语:attribute同位语:appositive状语:adverbialEnglish Grammar Glossary-常用英语语法术语表二句法关系:syntatic relationship并列:coordinate从属:subordination修饰:modification前置修饰:pre—modification后置修饰:post-modification限制:restriction双重限制:double—restriction非限制:non-restriction数:number单数形式:singular form复数形式:plural form规则形式:regular form不规则形式:irregular form格:case普通格:common case所有格:possessive case主格:nominative case宾格:objective case性:gender阳性:masculine阴性:feminine通性:common中性:neuter人称:person第一人称:first person第二人称:second person第三人称:third person时态:tense过去将来时:past future tense过去将来进行时:past future continuous tense过去将来完成时:past future perfect tense一般现在时:present simple tense一般过去时:past simple tense一般将来时:future simple tense现在完成时:past perfect tense过去完成时:present perfect tense将来完成时:future perfect tense现在进行时:present continuous tense过去进行时:past continuous tense将来进行时:future continuous tense过去将来进行时:past futurecontinuous tense现在完成进行时:present perfectcontinuous tense过去完成进行时:past perfectcontinuous tense语态:voice主动语态:active voice被动语态:passive voice语气:mood陈述语气:indicative mood祈使语气:imperative mood虚拟语气:subjunctive mood否定:negation否定范围:scope of negation全部否定:full negation局部否定:partial negation转移否定:shift of negation语序:order自然语序:natural order倒装语序:inversion全部倒装:full inversion部分倒装:partial inversion引语:citation直接引语:direct speech间接引语:indirect speech自由直接引语:free direct speech自由间接引语:free indirect speech一致:agreement主谓一致:subject-predicateagreement语法一致:grammatical agreement概念一致:notional agreement就近原则:principle of proximity强调:emphasis重复:repetition语音:pronunciation语调:tone升调:rising tone降调:falling tone降升调:falling—rising tone文体:style正式文体:formal非正式文体:informal口语:spoken/oral English套语:formulistic expression英国英语:British English美国英语:American English用法:usage感情色彩:emotional coloring褒义:commendatory贬义:derogatory幽默:humorous讽刺:sarcastic挖苦:ironic。
考点一名词一、可数名词Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several companies①.He works seven days① a week and 12 months② a year.In his spare time he likes watching football matches③.He likes eating tomatoes④ but he doesn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has two pet horses⑥ and he often rides them with his friends on Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery of the farm⑧ is very beautiful.Mr Black is a friend of his⑨,who raises some cows and goats.注释:1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es;以元音字母加y结尾的名词,加-s。
②以-th 结尾的名词加-s。
③以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/,要加-s,如stomach)。
④以-o结尾加-es 的单词有:英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes),其他多直接加-s。
⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词,多变f或fe为v,再加-es。
但也有直接加-s的单词,如:屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。
⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2.名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
多为单数名词作定语,但woman,man作定语时,要用复数形式表达复数概念。
3.名词的所有格⑦有生命名词,不以-s结尾的名词加-’s;以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。
不可数名词归纳四川省武胜县乐善中学符小林A.Abstract 抽象名词advice 建议age 年老ﻫbeauty 美丽capitalism 资本主义communism 共产主义democracy 民主ﻫenergy 能源fun 乐趣happiness 幸福ﻫhelp 帮助ﻫhonesty 诚实ﻫinformation 信息justice 正义ﻫkindness善良knowledge 知识ﻫlaughter笑声liberty 自由ﻫlife 生命、生物、活力play 玩ﻫrecreation娱乐ﻫstrength 实力trouble 麻烦ﻫtruth 真理virtue美德ﻫwisdom智慧work 工作youth 青年B. Matter, material 物质名词air 空气ﻫbeer啤酒ﻫblood 血液bread面包butter 黄油ﻫcake 蛋糕chalk粉笔cheese奶酪coal煤ﻫcoffee 咖啡electricity 电力ﻫfog 雾fish 鱼gold黄金grass草hair头发ice冰ﻫink 油墨ﻫiron铁juice 果汁lumber 木材ﻫmeat 肉milk 牛奶ﻫoil油oxygen 氧气paper 纸ﻫrain 雨rice 水稻ﻫsmoke烟雾ﻫsnow雪ﻫsoap 肥皂soup汤ﻫsugar糖ﻫtea茶water 水wine葡萄酒ﻫwood 木C. Genericterms属类business 商业ﻫchange零钱ﻫequipment设备fruit 水果furniture家具jewelry 珠宝luggage 行李ﻫmachinery 机械ﻫmail邮件money金钱news 新闻ﻫpropaganda宣传scenery 风景ﻫslang 俚语stationery 文具traffic交通ﻫvegetation植被ﻫweather 天气D.Subject 学科biology 生物history 历史ﻫliterature 文学ﻫmathemaarchitecture 建筑ﻫart 艺术ﻫchemistry 化学ﻫeconomics 经济学ﻫengineering工程ﻫEnglish英语geology地质学ﻫgrammar 语法tics数学ﻫmusic音乐ﻫphilosophy哲学physics 物理学science科学technology 技术ﻫvocabulary 词汇poetry诗歌最常见的不可数名词有:(请把意思写出来)advice,baggage, change,furniture,hair, homework,information, knowledge,luggage,money, news, progress, trafficabsence, age,anger,courage,energy, equipment,experience,failure, fear, food, fun,health,ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage,music,nature,paper,peace,pleasure, poetry,power,pri de,rain, research,respect, safety, salt, sand,silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time,trade,transport, travel, trust,truth, waste, water,wealth, weather,wind, work(二)不可数名词的转化有些名词的可数与不可数可以相互转化,但词义也同时发生变化,如: ﻫ1.表示不同的种类,如food, wine, metal,wheat, rice等。
考点四不可数名词英语中的名词根据数的范畴可划分为可数名词和不可数名词。
前面能加数词的名词为可数名词。
如:car, book, computer等;前面不能直接加数词的名词,也就是说需借助其它名词来表示量的名词为不可数名词。
如:rice, meat, tea, cotton等。
在使用不可数名词时,应注意以下几点: 1. 不可数名词前不能直接加数词或a (an)。
切忌犯以下错误:a meat, two tea, 应说a piece of meat, two cups of tea。
2. 不可数名词无单复数变化,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:There is some milk in the glass. 杯里有一些牛奶。
Some food on the table goes bad. 桌子上的食物变质了。
3. 能修饰不可数名词的词有: much, a little, little, a bit, some, any, a lot of, plenty of等,以此来表示不确定的数量。
如:much bread 许多面包a little milk 一点牛奶a lot of work 许多工作4. 表示具体的数量时应用单位词加of结构。
如:I bought two kilos of meat. 我买了两公斤肉。
He ate three pieces of bread. 他吃了三块面包。
Would you like a cup of coffee? 你想喝杯咖啡吗?1.My first _________(impress ) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man .2.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _________(commit) ,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made .3.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional_________ (competent).(2018·新课标II卷·语法填空)This switch has decreased________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.【答案】pollution【解析】考查词性转化。
高考英语50个高频不可数名词wood 木头traffic 交通weather 天气money 钱sand 沙progress 进步paper 纸张wealth 财富luck 运气hair 头发gas 汽油food 食物coffee 咖啡bread 面包work 工作sugar 糖rice 大米meat 肉knowledge 知识grass 草furniture 家具fire 火cloth 布baggage 行李wind 风fun 乐趣news 新闻rain 雨snow 雪light 光information 信息grain 谷物equipment 仪器air 空气change 零钱wheat 小麦waste 废物,废弃物smoke 烟tea 茶music 音乐luggage 行李ink 墨水water 水glass 玻璃fruit 水果cotton 棉花chalk 粉笔advice 建议homework 家庭作业housework 家务劳动高考英语可数名词和不可数名词三大考点1 修饰词many,much等的使用不可数名词修饰词使用是高考的高频考点之一,常常结合few,little,many,much,some等表示数量的概词进行考察。
需要牢牢记住:some既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。
对于不可数名词,无论是多少,都是用原形。
例句:Give me some money!给我点钱。
much只能修饰不可数名词,用不可数名词的原形。
many只能修饰可数名词,且需要加可数名词的复数。
little和a little只能修饰不可数名词。
little表示否定含义,几乎没有,a little 表示肯定含有,有一些。
few和a few只能修饰可数名词的复数形式。
few表示否定含义,几乎没有,a few表示肯定含有,有一些。
例句:There are few apples。
没有苹果了。
There is much water in the earth。
(一)可数名词和不可数名词1.什么是不可数名词?英语语法---名词 4. 复合名词的复数1)将后一部分变成复数Englishman---Englishmen gentleman---gentlemenpolicewoman----policewomen grown-up --- g rown-ups2)将主要成分变成复数looker-on----lookers-on son-in-law ---- s ons-in-law1)物质名词glass, tea 2)抽象名词beauty, youth 3) 科学名称physics, maths 3) 如果前一词是man, woman,将两部分都变成复数men doctors women singers 练习:找出不可数名词练习:roof woman driver step-motherboot tear knowledge money wood chicken music sheep Japanese sister-in-lawhomework bread blood dress news milk dustman 2.不可数名词变成可数名词1)词义发生改变time—times work---works wood—woodssand—sands cloth—clothes glass—glasses2) 加量词 a glass of water , two pieces of paper练习;填入恰当的量词a of good news (条) a of trousers (条)a of advice ( 条) a of coffee ( 杯)a of oil (滴) a of time (段)a of matches (盒) a of glasses (副)a of chocolate (条) a of ink (瓶)a of tea (壶) two of fish ( 盘)three of rice (袋) four of furniture (件)five of sugar (磅) six of clothes (套)3.可数名词的复数构成练习:写出下列名词的复数形式。
英语语法汇总第一章名词一、名词的分类:名词就其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。
普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
专有名词:Beijing Smith the United Nations个体名词:man, expert, factory可数名词集合名词:audience(观众),class, family普通名词:物质名词:water, coal, rice不可数名词抽象名词:surprise, honour, help二、可数名词的复数形式1.一般情况,直接加-s。
port(港口)→ports;technique(技术)—techniques2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾发[s]、[∫]、[t∫]、[dЗ]音的词,加—esbus—buses, box—boxes, bush—bushesbranch—branches,stomach—stomachs(stomach词尾发k,故复数直接加-s)3.辅音字母+ y,变y为i,加-es university—universitiesy前为元音字母,直接加-s boy—boys4.以O结尾加-es hero—heroesO前为元音字母,及部分外来词直接加-szoo—zoos radio—radio piano—pianos photo—photos5.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es leaf—leaves wife—wives※以下f结尾单词直接加-s belief—beliefs(信念)roof—roofs(屋顶)proof—proofs(证据)safe—safes(保险柜)chief—chiefs(首领)gulf—gulfs(海湾)6.不规则名词man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth,goose—geese, mouse—mice, child—children, ox—oxen注1:有些可数名词的单复数相同,要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数,例如:sheep 羊fish 鱼deer 鹿means手段,方法works工厂,作品series系列注2:在些可数名词,只有单数形式,但表示复数意义。