Latest Supernova data in the framework of Generalized Chaplygin Gas model
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国际商务英语写作模板:商业计划书篇一:商业计划书模板---英文版精编资料商业计划书模板---英文版BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATEBUSINESS PLAN[My Company]123 Main StreetAnytown, USA 10000123-4567[Your Name][DATE]TABLE OF CONTENTS...商业计划书商业计划书模板---英文版BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATEBUSINESS PLAN[My Company]123 Main StreetAnytown, USA 10000123-45671[Your Name][DATE]2TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive Summary ....................................................................................... (1)Management ................................................................................ (2)[Company] History ............................................................................................ . (5)[Product/Service] Description ................................................................................... .. (7)Objectives....................................................................................... . (9)Competitors ................................................................................. .. (10)Competitive Advantages ................................................................................... . (11)Innovation ..................................................................................... . (13)Pricing ............................................................................................ .. (14)Specific Markets .......................................................................................... . (15)Growth Strategy .......................................................................................... . (16)Market Size and Share ............................................................................................... . (17)Targeting New Markets .......................................................................................... .. (18)Location ......................................................................................... (19)Manufacturing Plan .................................................................................................. (20)Research &Development ............................................................................... (21)Historical Financial Data ................................................................................................. .. (22)Proforma Financial Data ................................................................................................. .. (23)Proforma Balance Sheet ............................................................................................... . (26)Cost Control ........................................................................................... (27)Effects of Loan or Investment .................................................................................... . (28)Attachments ................................................................................. . (29)3Executive Summary [My Company] was formed asa [proprietorship, partnership, corporation] in [Month, Year] in [City, State], by [John Doe] in response to the following market conditions:[Startup, growth] opportunities exist in [Product/Service].The need for use of efficient distribution (转载于: 小龙文档网:国际商务英语写作模板:商业计划书)and financial methods in these overlooked markets.[I/We] have several customers who are willing to place large [orders,contracts] within the next three months.Several other prospective [customers/clients] have expressed serious interest in doing business within six months. [I/We] previously owned a company that was active in the widget markets. Over the past few years I spent much time studying ways to improve overall performance and increase profits. This plan is a result of that study. The basic components of this plan are:1. Competitive pricing2. Expand the markets3. Increased advertising4. Lower our unit costs,5. Thereby achieving higher profits.1. Sign contracts2. Increased advertising3. Increase office staffTo this end, [I/we] need investment from private individuals and/or companies. A total of $XXX is being raised which will be used to finance working capital, plant and equipment. The company will be incorporated and common stock issued to investors. The company will be run as a [proprietorship, partnership, corporation].Financial Goals Sales Net Income Earnings pershareYear 1 $25,000 .01 Year 2 $250,000 .12 Year 3 $375,000 .141Management[Name] [Title]??[Experience]??Sales growth from zero to $1,000,000 in five years.??Led market in market share - 30%.Formulated advertising budgets & campaigns.Pioneered new distribution channels. Established national sales force.Established national repair & service centers.Brought new and innovative products to the market.Designed point-of-purchase materials.[Education}University of BostonBoston, MA- Computer SciencesPresidentJohn Q. Doe, Chief Executive Officer, and Director since February 1988 and President since January 1990. Mr. Doe was the founder and Chief Executive Officer of the original operating company known as Random Excess, Inc. He has had experience in the widget field with his own firm, John Doe Co., of Oshkosh (Wisconsin), from 1980 to 1987. This firm was sold to FatCat Widgets, Inc. in 1987.篇二:商务英语写作(商业计划书写作格式)商务英语写作:商业计划书写作格式XX-03-24 13:39:08 来源:爱词霸资讯官网封面(Title page)企业的名称和地址Name and address of business负责人的姓名和地址Name(s) and address(es) of principals企业的性质Nature of business报告机密性的陈述Statement of confidentiality目录(Table of contents)1. 概述/总结(Executive summary)2. 行业及市场分析(Industry analysis)对未来的展望和发展趋势(Future outlook and trends)竞争者分析(Analysis of competitors)市场划分(Market segmentation)行业预测(Industry forecasts)3. 企业的描述(The description of the venture)企业的宗旨和目标(Mission statement and objectives)产品或服务的描述(Description of the product or service)企业的规模(Size of business)产品的进一步开发(Future potential/product development)竞争优势(Competitive advantage)办公设备和人员(Office equipment and personnel)创业者的背景(Backgrounds of entrepreneurs)4. 生产计划(Production plan)制造进程/被分包的数量(Manufacturing process / amount subcontracted)选址(Location)厂房(Physical plant)机械和设备(Machinery and equipment)原材料的供给情况(Sources of raw materials to be supplied)生产能力和提高的可能性(Output limitations,if any,and scale-up possibilities)质量控制计划(Quality control plans)5. 营销计划(The marketing plan)定价(Pricing)分销(Distribution)促销(Promotion)产品预测(Product forecasts)预见的涨价(Anticipated mark-up)竞争对手的反映(Competitors’response)市场份额预测(Market share projection)控制(Controls)6. 组织计划(Organizational plan)所有权的形式(Form of ownership)合作者或主要股权所有人的身份(Identification of partners or principal shareholders)负责人的权利(Authority of principals)管理层成员的背景(Management team background)组织成员的角色和责任(Roles and responsibilities of members of organization)7. 风险与对策分析(Assessment of risks)企业弱点的评价(Evaluate weakness if business)新技术(New technologies)应急计划(Contingency plan)8. 财务计划(Financial plan)各类业绩比率和投资回报(Summary of performance ratios, ROI etc.)销售预测(Sales forecasts)财务预测的假设(Assumptions underpinning financial forecasts)损益表(Income statement / Profit and lossstatement)预测现金流量表(Cash flow projections)资产欠债预估表(Pro forma balance sheet)量本利分析(Break-even analysis)资金来源和运用(Sources and applications of funds)9. 融资需求(Financing requirements)融资前的活动小结(Summary of operations prior to financing)此刻的股东和未付债款(Current shareholders, loans outstanding)资金需要量及时间(Funds required and timing)投资回报(The deal on offer)资本欠债比率和盈利与利息比率(Anticipated gearing and interest cover)投资者退出方式(Exit routes for investors)附录(Appendix)1. 管理人员简历(Management team biographies)2. 职业咨询人员背景(Names and details of professional advisors)3. 技术参数和图纸(Technical data and drawings)4. 专利、版权、设计等(Details of patents,copyright, designs)5. 审计的报表(Audited accounts)6. 信件(Letters)7. 市场调研数据(Market research data)8. 租约或合同(Leaser or contracts)9. 供给商的报价单(Price lists from suppliers)10. 客户的定单(Orders from customers)篇三:英文商业计划书模板英语商业计划书(Business Plan)第一讲:概述第二讲:现状分析第三讲:目标肯定第四讲:组织结构第五讲:产品分析第六讲:市场分析第七讲:市场策略第八讲:生产分析第九讲:财务分析第十讲:附件第一讲:概述(executive summary)概述是整个商业计划的第一部份,相当于整个商业计划的浓缩,使整个商业计划的精华所在。
华为认证最新试题及答案1.(判断题) HDFS采用的是“一次写入、屡次读取”的文件访问模型。
所以推荐一个文件经过创立、写入和关闭之后,就不要再去修改。
A. TrueB. False2.(多项选择题) HDFS的应用开发中,以下哪些是HDFS效劳支持的接口?A. BufferedOutputStream.writeB. BufferedOutputStream.flushC. FileSystem.createD. FileSystem.append3. (多项选择题) 关于kinit操作命令,如下哪些说法是错误的?A. 只能使用人机账号。
B. 只能使用机机账号。
C. 一个客户端不支持多个账号同时使用。
D. 执行此命令得到的票据在24小时后会超时,需再次执行kinit命令去重新。
4.(多项选择题)对于HBase Rowkey的设计原那么,如下描述正确的选项是?A. 访问权重高的属性值放在Rowkey前面。
B. 访问权重高的属性值放在Rowkey后半局部。
C. 离散度好的属性值放在Rowkey前半局部。
D. 离散度好的属性值放在Rowkey后半局部。
5.(单项选择题)HBase表的Rowkey设计是一个很重要的开发设计环节。
假设存在如下场景,最频繁的查询场景是基于手机号查询每个月、每半年的历史通话记录,以下哪个Rowkey设计是最优的?A. 姓名+手机号B. 日期+手机号C. 手机号+日期D. 手机号+姓名6.(单项选择题) FusionInsight HD中,关于Hive的分区(partition)功能,如下描述错误的选项是?A. 分区字段要在创立表时定义。
B. 分区字段只能有一个,不可以创立多级分区。
C. 使用分区,可以减少某些查询的数据扫描范围,进而提高查询效率。
D. 分区字段可以作为where字句的条件。
7.(判断题) FusionInsight HD系统的V100R002C60版本中,Hive仅支持基于MapReduce引擎的查询效劳,不支持基于Spark引擎的查询效劳。
英语手机应用英语50题1. You can ______ photos with your phone.A. takeB. makeC. doD. have答案:A。
本题考查动词的用法。
“take photos”是固定搭配,表示“拍照”。
选项B“make”通常用于“make a cake”等短语;选项C“do”常与“homework”等词搭配;选项D“have”一般表示“拥有”,不符合“拍照”的意思。
2. We can ______ music on the phone.A. listenB. listen toC. hearD. hear to答案:B。
“listen to music”是固定短语,表示“听音乐”。
选项A“listen”是不及物动词,其后需要加介词“to”;选项C“hear”强调听到的结果;选项D 没有“hear to”这种搭配。
3. You can use the phone to ______ messages.A. sendB. giveC. takeD. get答案:A。
“send messages”表示“发送消息”。
选项B“give”通常与“give sth. to sb.”搭配;选项C“take”常见于“take photos”等;选项D“get”意思是“得到”,不符合“发送”的意思。
4. We can ______ games on the phone.A. playB. doC. haveD. make答案:A。
“play games”是“玩游戏”的常用表达。
选项B“do”常与“do sports”等搭配;选项C“have”一般表示“拥有、吃、喝”等;选项D“make”用于“make a cake”等。
5. With the phone, you can ______ the weather.A. lookB. look atC. watchD. see答案:D。
The Dell EMC Networking S4048-ON switch empowers organizations to deploy workloads and applications designed for the open networking era.Businesses who have made the transition away from monolithicproprietary mainframe systems to industry standard server platforms can now enjoy even greater benefits from Dell open networking platforms. Using industry-leading hardware and a choice of leading network operating systems to simplify data center fabric orchestration and automation, organizations can accelerate innovation by tailoring their network to their unique requirements.These new offerings provide the needed flexibility to transform data centers. High-capacity network fabrics that are cost-effective and easy to deploy provide a clear path to a software-defined data center of the future, as well as freedom from vendor lock-in.The Dell EMC S4048-ON supports the open source Open Network Install Environment (ONIE) for zero-touch installation of alternate network operating systems including feature-rich Dell Networking OS.Ultra-low-latency, data center optimizedThe Dell EMC Networking S-Series S4048-ON is an ultra-low-latency 10/40GbE top-of-rack (ToR) switch built for applications in high-performance data center and computing environments. Leveraging a non-blocking switching architecture, the S4048-ON delivers line-rate L2 and L3 forwarding capacity with ultra-low-latency to maximize network performance. The compact S4048-ON design provides industry-leading density of 48 dual-speed 1/10GbE (SFP+) ports as well as six 40GbEQSFP+ uplinks to conserve valuable rack space and simplify the migration to 40Gbps in the data center core (each 40GbE QSFP+ uplink can also support four 10GbE ports with a breakout cable). In addition, the S4048-ON incorporates multiple architectural features that optimize data center network flexibility, efficiency and availability, including I/O panel to PSU airflow or PSU to I/O panel airflow for hot/cold aisle environments, and redundant, hot-swappable power supplies and fans.S4048-ON supports feature-rich Dell Networking OS, VLT, networkvirtualization features such as VRF-lite, VXLAN Gateway and support for Dell Embedded Open Automation Framework.• The S4048-ON is the only switch in the industry that provides customers an unbiased approach to Network Virtualization by supporting both network-centric virtualization method (VRF-lite) and Hypervisor centric virtualization method (VXLAN).• The S4048-ON also supports Dell Networking’s EmbeddedOpen Automation Framework, which provides enhanced network automation and virtualization capabilities for virtual data center environments.• The Open Automation Framework comprises a suite of interrelated network management tools that can be used together orindependently to provide a network that is flexible, available and manageable while helping to reduce operational expenses.Key applicationsDynamic data centers ready to make the transition to software-defined environments• Ultra-low-latency 10GbE switching in HPC, high-speed trading or other business-sensitive deployments that require the highest bandwidth and lowest latency • High-density 10GbE ToR server access in high-performance data center environments When running the Dell Networking OS9, Active Fabric™ implementation for large deployments in conjunction with the Dell EMC Z-Series, creating a flat, two-tier, nonblocking 10/40GbE data center network design:• High-performance SDN/OpenFlow 1.3 enabled with ability to inter-operate with industry standard OpenFlow controllers • As a high speed VXLAN Layer 2 Gateway that connects thehypervisor based ovelray networks with nonvirtualized infrastructure • Small-scale Active Fabric implementation via the S4048-ON switch in leaf and spine along with S-Series 1/10GbE ToR switches enabling cost-effective aggregation of 10/40GbE uplinks • iSCSI storage deployment including DCB converged lossless transactions Key features - general• 48 dual-speed 1/10GbE (SFP+) ports and six 40GbE (QSFP+) uplinks (totaling 72 10GbE ports with breakout cables) with OS support • 1.44Tbps (full-duplex) non-blocking switching fabric delivers line-rate performance under full load with sub 650ns latency • I/O panel to PSU airflow or PSU to I/O panel airflow • Supports the open source ONIE for zero-touch • Installation of alternate network operating systems • Redundant, hot-swappable power supplies and fans • Low power consumption• Support for multi-tenancy lilke VXLAN and NVGRE in hardwareDELL EMC NETWORKING S4048-ON SWITCH10/40GbE top-of-rack open networking switchKey features with Dell EMC Networking OS9Scalable L2 and L3 Ethernet switching with QoS and a full complement of standards-based IPv4 and IPv6 features, including OSPF, BGP and PBR (Policy Based Routing) support• VRF-lite enables sharing of networking infrastructure and provides L3traffic isolation across tenants• Increase VM Mobility region by stretching L2 VLAN within or across two DCs with unique VLT capabilities like Routed VL T, VLT Proxy Gateway • VXLAN gateway functionality support for bridging the nonvirtualizedand the virtualized overlay networks with line rate performance.• Embedded Open Automation Framework adding automatedconfiguration and provisioning capabilities to simplify the management of network environments. Supports Puppet agent for DevOps• Modular Dell Networking OS software delivers inherent stability as well as enhanced monitoring and serviceability functions.• Enhanced mirroring capabilities including 1:4 local mirroring, Remote Port Mirroring (RPM), and Encapsulated Remote Port Mirroring (ERPM). Rate shaping combined with flow based mirroring enables the user to analyze fine grained flows• Jumbo frame support for large data transfers• 128 link aggregation groups with up to 16 members per group, using enhanced hashing• Converged network support for DCB, with priority flow control (802.1Qbb), ETS (802.1Qaz), DCBx and iSCSI TLV support Fastboot feature enables min-loss software upgrade on a standalone S4048-ON without VL T/stacking• S4048-ON supports Routable RoCE to enable convergence of compute and storage on Active Fabric• User port stacking support for up to six units and a total stack bandwidth of up to 320Gbps bandwidth48 10 Gigabit Ethernet SFP+ ports6 40 Gigabit Ethernet QSFP+ ports1 RJ45 console/management port with RS232signaling1 USB 2.0 type A to support mass storage device1 Micro-USB 2.0 type B Serial Console PortSize: 1RU, 1.71 x 17.09 x 17.13” (4.35 x 43.4 x 43.5cm (H x W x D) Weight: 18.52 lbs (8.4kg)ISO 7779 A-weighted sound pressure level: 59.6 dBA at73.4°F (23°C)Power supply: 100–240V AC 50/60HzDC Power supply: -40.5V ~ -60VMax. thermal output: 799.64 BTU/hMax. current draw per system:2.344A/1953A at 100/120V AC,1.145A/0.954A at 200/240V ACMax. DC current : -40.5V/23.8A , -48V/19A ,-60V/15.6A.Max. power consumption: 234.35 Watts (AC), 800 Watts (DC)T ypical power consumption: 153 WattsMax. operating specifications:Operating temperature: 32°F to 113°F (0°C to 45°C)Operating humidity: 10 to 85% (RH), non-condensingMax. non-operating specifications:Storage temperature: –40°F to 158°F (–40°C to 70°C)Storage humidity: 5 to 95% (RH), non-condensingRedundancyHot swappable redundant powerHot swappable redundant fansPerformance generalSwitch fabric capacity:1.44Tbps (full-duplex)720Gbps (half-duplex)Forwarding Capacity: 1080 MppsLatency: Sub 650nsPacket buffer memory: 12MBCPU memory: 4GBOS9 Performance:MAC addresses: 160KARP table 128KIPv4 routes: 128KIPv6 hosts: 64KIPv6 routes: 64KMulticast hosts: 8KLink aggregation: 16 links per group, 128 groups Layer 2 VLANs: 4KMSTP: 64 instancesVRF-Lite: 511 instancesLAG load balancing: Based on layer 2, IPv4 or IPv6headersQOS data queues: 8QOS control queues: 12QOS: Default 768 entries scalable to 2.5K Egress ACL: 1KIEEE compliance with Dell Networking OS9802.1AB LLDP802.1D Bridging, STP802.1p L2 Prioritization802.1Q VLAN T agging, Double VLAN T agging, GVRP802.1Qbb PFC802.1Qaz ETS802.1s MSTP802.1w RSTP802.1X Network Access Control802.3ab Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T) with QSA orbreakout802.3ac Frame Extensions for VLAN T agging802.3ad Link Aggregation with LACP802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBase-X) with QSA802.3ba 40 Gigabit Ethernet (40GBase-SR4,40GBase-CR4,40GBase-LR4) on optical ports802.3u Fast Ethernet (100Base-TX)802.3x Flow Control802.3z Gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-X) with QSAANSI/TIA-1057 LLDP-MEDForce10 PVST+MTU 12,000 bytesRFC and I-D compliance with Dell NetworkingOS9General Internet protocols768 UDP793 TCP854 T elnet959 FTPGeneral IPv4 protocols791 IPv4792 ICMP826 ARP1027 Proxy ARP1035 DNS (client)1042 Ethernet Transmission1305 NTPv31519 CIDR1542 BOOTP (relay)1812 Requirements for IPv4 Routers1918 Address Allocation for Private Internets2474 Diffserv Field in IPv4 and Ipv6 Headers2596 Assured Forwarding PHB Group3164 BSD Syslog3195 Reliable Delivery for Syslog3246 Expedited Assured Forwarding4364 VRF-lite (IPv4 VRF with OSPF, BGP, IS-IS and V4multicast)5798 VRRPGeneral IPv6 protocols1981 Path MTU Discovery Features2460 Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6)Specification2464 T ransmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet2711 IPv6 Router Alert Option4007 IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture4213 Basic T ransition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers4291 IPv6 Addressing Architecture4443 ICMP for IPv64861 Neighbor Discovery for IPv64862 IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration5095 Deprecation of T ype 0 Routing Headers in IPv6IPv6 Management support (telnet, FTP, TACACS,RADIUS, SSH, NTP)VRF-Lite (IPv6 VRF with OSPFv3, BGPv6, IS-IS)RIP1058 RIPv1 2453 RIPv2OSPF (v2/v3)1587 NSSA 4552 Authentication/2154 OSPF Digital Signatures Confidentiality for2328 OSPFv2 OSPFv32370 Opaque LSA 5340 OSPF for IPv6IS-IS5301 Dynamic hostname exchange mechanism forIS-IS5302 Domain-wide prefix distribution with two-level IS-IS5303 Three way handshake for IS-IS point-to-pointadjacencies5308 IS-IS for IPv6BGP1997 Communities2385 MD52545 BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-DomainRouting2439 Route Flap Damping2796 Route Reflection2842 Capabilities2858 Multiprotocol Extensions2918 Route Refresh3065 Confederations4360 Extended Communities4893 4-byte ASN5396 4-byte ASN representationsdraft-ietf-idr-bgp4-20 BGPv4draft-michaelson-4byte-as-representation-054-byte ASN Representation (partial)draft-ietf-idr-add-paths-04.txt ADD PATHMulticast1112 IGMPv12236 IGMPv23376 IGMPv3MSDPSecurity2404 The Use of HMACSHA- 1-96 within ESP andAH2865 RADIUS3162 Radius and IPv63579 Radius support for EAP3580 802.1X with RADIUS3768 EAP3826 AES Cipher Algorithm in the SNMP User BaseSecurity Model4250, 4251, 4252, 4253, 4254 SSHv24301 Security Architecture for IPSec 4302 IPSec Authentication Header 4303 ESP Protocol4807 IPsecv Security Policy DB MIB draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-05 PIM-SMw Data center bridging802.1Qbb Priority-Based Flow Control802.1Qaz Enhanced Transmission Selection (ETS) Data Center Bridging eXchange (DCBx) DCBx Application TLV (iSCSI, FCoE)Network management 1155 SMIv1 1157 SNMPv11212 Concise MIB Definitions 1215 SNMP Traps 1493 Bridges MIB 1850 OSPFv2 MIB1901 Community-Based SNMPv22011 IP MIB2096 IP Forwarding T able MIB 2578 SMIv22579 T extual Conventions for SMIv22580 Conformance Statements for SMIv22618 RADIUS Authentication MIB 2665 Ethernet-Like Interfaces MIB 2674 Extended Bridge MIB 2787 VRRP MIB2819 RMON MIB (groups 1, 2, 3, 9)2863 Interfaces MIB3273 RMON High Capacity MIB 3410 SNMPv33411 SNMPv3 Management Framework3412 Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)3413 SNMP Applications3414 User-based Security Model (USM) for SNMPv33415 VACM for SNMP 3416 SNMPv23417 Transport mappings for SNMP 3418 SNMP MIB3434 RMON High Capacity Alarm MIB3584 Coexistance between SNMP v1, v2 and v34022 IP MIB4087 IP Tunnel MIB 4113 UDP MIB 4133 Entity MIB 4292 MIB for IP4293 MIB for IPv6 T extual Conventions 4502 RMONv2 (groups 1,2,3,9)5060 PIM MIBANSI/TIA-1057 LLDP-MED MIB Dell_ITA.Rev_1_1 MIBdraft-grant-tacacs-02 TACACS+draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-mib-06 BGP MIBv1IEEE 802.1AB LLDP MIBIEEE 802.1AB LLDP DOT1 MIB IEEE 802.1AB LLDP DOT3 MIB sFlowv5 sFlowv5 MIB (version 1.3)FORCE10-BGP4-V2-MIB Force10 BGP MIB (draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-mibv2-05)FORCE10-IF-EXTENSION-MIB FORCE10-LINKAGG-MIBFORCE10-COPY-CONFIG-MIB FORCE10-PRODUCTS-MIB FORCE10-SS-CHASSIS-MIB FORCE10-SMI FORCE10-TC-MIBFORCE10-TRAP-ALARM-MIBFORCE10-FORWARDINGPLANE-STATS-MIB Regulatory compliance SafetyUL/CSA 60950-1, Second Edition EN 60950-1, Second EditionIEC 60950-1, Second Edition Including All National Deviations and Group DifferencesEN 60825-1 Safety of Laser Products Part 1:Equipment Classification Requirements and User’s GuideEN 60825-2 Safety of Laser Products Part 2: Safety of Optical Fibre Communication Systems FDA Regulation 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11EmissionsAustralia/New Zealand: AS/NZS CISPR 22: 2009, Class ACanada: ICES-003, Issue-4, Class AEurope: EN 55022: 2006+A1:2007 (CISPR 22: 2006), Class AJapan: VCCI V3/2009 Class AUSA: FCC CFR 47 Part 15, Subpart B:2009, Class A ImmunityEN 300 386 V1.4.1:2008 EMC for Network EquipmentEN 55024: 1998 + A1: 2001 + A2: 2003EN 61000-3-2: Harmonic Current Emissions EN 61000-3-3: Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker EN 61000-4-2: ESDEN 61000-4-3: Radiated Immunity EN 61000-4-4: EFT EN 61000-4-5: SurgeEN 61000-4-6: Low Frequency Conducted Immunity RoHSAll S-Series components are EU RoHS compliant.CertificationsJapan: VCCI V3/2009 Class AUSA: FCC CFR 47 Part 15, Subpart B:2009, Class A T ested to meet or exceed Hi Pot and Ground Continuity testing per UL 60950-1Warranty1 Year Return to DepotIT Lifecycle Services for NetworkingExperts, insights and easeOur highly trained experts, withinnovative tools and proven processes, help you transform your IT investments into strategic advantages.Plan & Design Let us analyze yourmultivendor environment and deliver a comprehensive report and action plan to build upon the existing network and improve performance.Deploy & IntegrateGet new wired or wireless network technology installed and configured with ProDeploy. Reduce costs, save time, and get up and running cateEnsure your staff builds the right skills for long-termsuccess. Get certified on Dell EMC Networking technology and learn how to increase performance and optimize infrastructure.Manage & SupportGain access to technical experts and quickly resolve multivendor networking challenges with ProSupport. Spend less time resolving network issues and more time innovating.OptimizeMaximize performance for dynamic IT environments with Dell EMC Optimize. Benefit from in-depth predictive analysis, remote monitoring and a dedicated systems analyst for your network.RetireWe can help you resell or retire excess hardware while meeting local regulatory guidelines and acting in an environmentally responsible way.Learn more at/LifecycleservicesLearn more at /Networking。
黑洞的由来的英语作文The Origin of Black Holes: A Journey into Cosmic Mysteries。
Introduction。
Black holes, enigmatic entities lurking in the depthsof space, have captivated the imagination of scientists and laypersons alike. Their origins, shrouded in cosmic mystery, have been the subject of intense study and speculation. In this essay, we embark on a journey to unravel the secretsof black holes, exploring their formation, properties, and significance in the universe.Formation of Black Holes。
The genesis of black holes begins with the demise of massive stars. When a massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel, it undergoes a cataclysmic event known as a supernova explosion. During this explosive phase, the outer layers ofthe star are ejected into space, while its core undergoes gravitational collapse. If the core's mass exceeds acritical threshold, it collapses into a singularity—a point of infinite density—giving birth to a black hole.The process of black hole formation can also occur through the gravitational collapse of dense stellar remnants, such as neutron stars, or through the merger of two compact objects, such as neutron stars or black holes. These pathways lead to the creation of different types of black holes, ranging from stellar-mass black holes to supermassive black holes found at the centers of galaxies.Properties of Black Holes。
H13-811云服务HCIA题库更新日期:2020-5-141.一个AZ(Availability Zone)是一个或多个物理数据中心的集合,有独立的风火水电,将计算,网络,存储等资源划分成多个集群。
A.TRUEB.FALSEAnswer:A2.LEADS理念的理解哪项不正确?A.L:Lab as a serviceB.E:End to EndC.A:AgileD.D:DedicatedE.S:ServiceAnswer:E3.通常Regions是根据什么划分的?A.地理位置和网络时延维度B.集群服务器C.可用去(AZ)Answer:A4.云计算是一种模型,它可以实现随时随地,便捷的,随需应变的从可配置资源共享池中获取所需的资源(例如,计算.存储.网络.应用及服务),资源能够快速供应并释放,使管理资源的工作量和云服务提供商的交互减小到最低限度。
A.TRUEB.FALSEAnswer:A5.关于混合云下列说法哪项是不正确的?A.统一管理企业在公有云和私有云的资源B.实现业务资源在公有云与私有云之间流动C.通过混合云实现最优的资源调配D.只能将应用部署在公有云中Answer:D6.云计算的部署模式有哪些?(多选)A.私有云B.公有云C.混合云D.社区云/行业云Answer:ABCD8.华为云服务的定位说法正确的是?A.聚焦I层,使能P层,聚合S层B.聚焦S层,使能P层,聚合I层C.聚焦p层,使能I层,聚合S层D.聚焦I层,使能S层,聚合P层Answer:A9.以下哪些构成了华为公有云生态?(多选)A.应用超市B.开发者社区C.合作伙伴D.华为云服务认证工程师Answer:ABCD10.华为向开发者提供了能力开放,将会助力开发者将华为产品开放的能力与其上层应用融合,构建差异化的创新解决方案。
A.TRUEB.FALSEAnswer:A11.哪项不属于软件开发云的能力A.项目管理B.代码检查C.编译构建D.数据备份Answer:D12.下面哪项组件不属于大数据平台中的组件?A.MapReduceB.OpenStackC.HDFSD.YarnAnswer:B13.华为云应用超市提供哪些应用与服务?(多选)A.基础软件B.商业软件C.开发者工具D.专业服务Answer:ABCD15.可以跨VPC访问文件系统。
Alfamation 发布最新Supernova 4.0 软件,进一步简
化测试周期
2018 年3 月15 日,领先的先进交钥匙测试和测量解决方案供应商Alfamation 推出Supernova Test Application Framework 软件的最新4.0 版本,可释放NI TestStand 的完整性能。
此外,新版本添加了全新工具和备份功能,对性能予以改进,并添加了更加灵活的管理功能。
Supernova 是一种基于配置的自动化测试环境,可与NI 的TestStand 测试管理软件相互集成,由此简化对高端测试功能的访问。
借助Supernova,测试
工程师能够轻松管理单一环境中的所有测试任务,通过一款易于使用的工具
访问所有所需项目。
通过减少分析、培训和定制所花费的时间加速测试部
署,从而快速满足业界最具挑战性的用例。
借助Supernova,工程师可以通过简单地更改配置来执行高级任务,而无
需编写代码。
这有助于企业充分利用有限的资源,并且通常能够将上市时间。
英语作文对天文的解释Title: Exploring the Wonders of Astronomy。
The vast expanse of the cosmos has captivated human imagination for centuries, sparking curiosity and inspiring exploration. Astronomy, the study of celestial objects and phenomena beyond Earth's atmosphere, offers a window into the mysteries of the universe. From the ancientcivilizations' observations of the night sky to thecutting-edge technology of modern space exploration, astronomy has played a crucial role in expanding our understanding of the cosmos.At its core, astronomy seeks to unravel the mysteries of celestial bodies, including stars, planets, galaxies, and beyond. By observing these objects and analyzing their properties, astronomers can decipher the fundamental laws governing the universe. Through the lens of powerful telescopes and sophisticated instruments, scientists have uncovered a wealth of information about the origins,evolution, and dynamics of the cosmos.One of the most profound concepts in astronomy is the theory of the Big Bang, which suggests that the universe originated from a hot, dense state approximately 13.8billion years ago. This theory provides a framework for understanding the expansion of the universe and the formation of galaxies and other cosmic structures. Through precise measurements of cosmic microwave background radiation and the distribution of galaxies, astronomers have gathered compelling evidence in support of the Big Bang model.Furthermore, astronomy sheds light on the life cycles of stars, from their birth in vast clouds of gas and dust to their dramatic deaths in supernova explosions or the collapse into black holes. By studying the light emitted by stars, astronomers can deduce their composition, temperature, and distance from Earth. This information not only deepens our understanding of stellar evolution but also provides insights into the origin of chemical elements essential for life.In addition to studying individual celestial objects, astronomers investigate the vast networks of galaxies that populate the universe. Through surveys and observations, scientists have mapped the large-scale structure of the cosmos, revealing the intricate web of galaxy clusters, filaments, and voids that span billions of light-years. These cosmic structures offer clues about the nature of dark matter and dark energy, mysterious components that dominate the universe's composition and evolution.Moreover, astronomy intersects with other scientific disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, and planetary science, to address pressing questions about the nature of space and time. The exploration of exoplanets, planets orbiting stars outside our solar system, has opened new frontiers in the search for extraterrestrial life. By studying the atmospheres and surface conditions of exoplanets, astronomers aim to identify potentially habitable worlds and unravel the conditions necessary for life to thrive beyond Earth.Beyond scientific inquiry, astronomy has cultural and societal significance, shaping our perception of humanity's place in the cosmos. Ancient civilizations looked to the stars for navigation, timekeeping, and spiritual guidance, while modern societies continue to marvel at the beauty and grandeur of the night sky. Astronomy inspires wonder and awe, fostering a sense of curiosity and exploration that transcends national boundaries and unites people from diverse backgrounds.In conclusion, astronomy offers a fascinating glimpse into the vastness and complexity of the universe. By studying celestial objects and phenomena, astronomersstrive to unravel the mysteries of the cosmos and deepen our understanding of the fundamental laws that govern the universe's evolution. From the birth of stars to the structure of galaxies, astronomy continues to push the boundaries of human knowledge and inspire future generations to explore the wonders of the cosmos.。
九年级英语作文开头与结尾的摘抄全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1開頭:I never thought I'd say this, but middle school was the best time of my life. I know, I know, you're probably thinking "What? How could dealing with raging hormones, piles of homework, and a constant feeling of awkwardness be the 'best time'?" Trust me, I get it. But hear me out...After a few engaging introductory paragraphs...I still vividly remember my first day of 9th grade. I was a nervous wreck...結尾:...As I stood there watching my junior high disappear in the rear view mirror, I realized that although growing up isn't easy, it's undoubtedly worth it. The friends, memories, and life lessons I gained will stick with me forever.Middle school was a rollercoaster, but I wouldn't have had it any other way. I can't wait to see what high school has in store,but I know that whatever comes my way, I'll handle it. After Making it through the daunting halls of junior high, I'm ready to take on the world. Bring it on!篇2My Awesome Summer VacationHi there! My name is Timmy, and I'm a 10-year-old kid who just had the best summer vacation ever! I can't wait to tell you all about it.It all started when school let out for the summer. My parents had planned this really cool trip for us to go camping in the mountains. At first, I wasn't too excited about it because I thought camping would be boring. Boy, was I wrong!The day we left, we packed up our big camper van with all sorts of gear – sleeping bags, tents, cooking supplies, and even my favorite snacks. The drive to the campground took forever, or at least it felt that way to me. But when we finally arrived, I was amazed by how beautiful everything was.The campground was nestled deep in the mountains, surrounded by towering trees and a sparkling lake. The air smelled so fresh and clean, and I could hear birds chirping allaround us. My parents set up our tent, and we spent the first evening roasting marshmallows over the campfire. I've never tasted anything so delicious!Over the next few days, we went on some amazing hikes through the woods. We saw all kinds of cool wildlife, like deer, squirrels, and even a family of bears (from a safe distance, of course!). One day, we went fishing in the lake and caught enough trout for dinner. My dad showed me how to clean and cook them over the campfire – they were so tasty!But my favorite part of the trip was when we went whitewater rafting down a nearby river. At first, I was a little scared because the rapids looked really intense. But our guide was super cool and made sure we were all safe. As we paddled through the churning waters, I couldn't help but feel a rush of excitement and adrenaline. We even got soaked a few times, but it was totally worth it!After a week of camping, hiking, and outdoor adventures, it was finally time to head back home. As we drove away, I looked out the window at the mountains and felt a little sad to be leaving. But I also felt incredibly grateful to have had such an amazing experience.Now that summer is over and I'm back in school, I can't stop thinking about our camping trip. It was the perfect blend of adventure, relaxation, and quality family time. I made so many wonderful memories that I'll cherish forever.If you ever get the chance to go camping in the mountains, I highly recommend it. It's an experience like no other, and it's one that I'll never forget. Thanks for reading about my awesome summer vacation! Until next time, this is Timmy signing off.篇3My Trip to the Science MuseumLast weekend, my parents took me on a trip to the science museum in the city. I was really excited because I love learning about science and seeing all the cool exhibits. "An institution for diffusing instruction adapted to the years of youth," the sign above the entrance proclaimed.We started our visit by going to the physics section. There were all sorts of hands-on displays that let you experiment with motion, forces, and energy. My favorite was the giant lever you could use to lift things much heavier than yourself. "By the application of this, you may rise to superiority," a plaque read. Ipulled down on the long end and easily lifted a big weight on the short end. So cool!Next was the space area with models of planets, moons, and spacecraft. I loved checking out the full-size mock-up of the Mars rover. "Worlds which we formerly contemplated, as settled and immovable," a description noted. I climbed up inside the cabin and pretended I was driving around on the red planet, analyzing samples and searching for signs of life.The highlight for me though was the section all about the human body. They had incredibly detailed models that let you see all the different organs and body systems up close. "That nice framework on which whimsical boys are apt to scribble temporary illustrative character," a caption mentioned. I spent a long time checking out the muscular system model, moving the joints and feeling the textures. So fascinating!After that exhausting but fun exploration, we stopped for a pizza lunch at the museum café. I got a kick out of the little quotes printed on the pizza boxes. "An habitual avowal of gratitude for a providential exception from suffering," one said about Thanksgiving. What a quirky way to describe turkey day!Reenergized from the food break, we continued our visit by going through the chemistry galleries. There were tons ofinteractive demos of different chemical reactions. My favorite was watching them make a little supernova explosion inside a chamber. "The clouds of chaos are separating into the organized forms of sun, planet, and satellite," a plaque poetically described it. The bright colors and thunderous boom were amazing!We finished up by walking through the transportation wing with its cars, planes, trains, and more from different eras. I liked sitting in the cockpit of an old fighter jet the most. "As thebird-beast goes through the air, so it carries its nest," another quote mused about aircraft. I pulled all the levers and flipped all the switches, pretending I was a daring pilot dodging missiles in the skies.On the drive home, I was totally worn out from all the walking and learning, but still buzzing with excitement from all we'd seen and done. "In these young minds, a monument rears itself higher than the highest peak of solid earth," the museum's brochure stated about inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers. That place definitely motivated me to keep studying science as I move on to middle school. What an awesome day at the museum!篇4Opening Paragraph:You know, being in 9th grade is kind of a weird time. I'm not a little kid anymore, but I'm definitely not a grown-up either. It's like being stuck in this middle zone where you're too old for kid stuff but too young for adult things. My mom still treats me like a baby sometimes, which is so annoying. But then I'll act like a total brat and she'll say "You're not a little boy anymore!" So which is it? I can't seem to win...Closing Paragraph:...Anyway, that's my take on being in 9th grade so far. It's been a bit of a roller coaster for sure. One moment I feel like I have it all figured out, and the next I'm as clueless as a little kid. But I guess that's just part of growing up. The important thing is that I'm trying my best and keeping an open mind. If there's one thing I've learned, it's that nothing stays the same forever. Who knows what awesome or crazy adventures are waiting for me just around the corner? I might be a semi-clueless 9th grader now, but someday I'll be a wise adult looking back at these days. I just have to hang in there and enjoy the ride!篇5My Awesome Summer VacationSummer vacation is the best time of the year! No school, no homework, just fun in the sun. This summer was awesome and I want to tell you all about it.It started on the last day of school. I was so excited for summer, I could barely sit still in class. I kept staring at the clock, watching the minutes tick by until finally the bell rang. "Freedom!" I shouted maybe a little too loudly. The teacher gave me a funny look, but I didn't care. Summer had officially begun!The first week I just hung around the house, sleeping in late and playing video games. My mom kept trying to get me to go outside and "enjoy the nice weather" but I was way too busy battling zombies to waste time on that. Finally, she dragged me out and we went to the park. I have to admit, it was pretty fun. We played frisbee and had a picnic lunch. There were also some kids around my age there and we played a huge game of tag. By the end of the day, I was laughed out and sunburned, but happy.A few days later, my dad surprised us with tickets to go to the waterpark! I could barely sleep the night before, I was so excited. We got up at the crack of dawn and hit the road. The waterpark was huge, with about a million different waterslides, a lazy river, and the hugest wave pool I'd ever seen. We went on every single slide, even the really scary one that's like a zillionfeet tall. My favorite was the one where you go through a total wipeout section and get completely drenched. We stayed until they kicked us out at closing time. Best day ever!The next week, my cousins came to visit from out of town. Having them around meant there was always someone to play with. We had massive games of hide and seek around the house and in the backyard that pretty much wrecked the place. We also had some awesome sleepovers, staying up late watching movies and telling scary stories. We tried catching fireflies in the backyard but only managed to get a few before they all got away. Still, it was crazy fun to try.Towards the end of the summer, my family went camping in the mountains for a few days. We hiked, fished, roasted marshmallows around the campfire, and slept in a tent under a bajillion stars. One night, we heard some scary noises outside the tent and were convinced a bear was going to eat us. Turns out it was just a raccoon digging through our snacks, but we were still pretty freaked out. The fresh air and beautiful scenery were amazing though. I didn't want to leave!All too soon, summer was nearly over. I had one last hurrah in the form of my birthday party. My parents let me invite all my friends over for a backyard BBQ and sleepover campout. Westuffed ourselves with burgers and cake, then played literally every outdoor game we could think of until we dropped. That night, we camped out under the stars, staying up way too late just being kids. Waking up sunburned with messy hair and grass stains on my clothes was totally worth it.And just like that, summer was gone in a flash. I'm already counting down the days until next year. School may be starting up again, but I've got enough awesome memories crammed into my brain to get me through. Summer, I'm going to miss you!篇6Introduction:You know, being in 9th grade is a really weird time. I'm not a little kid anymore, but I'm definitely not an adult either. It's like being stuck in this awkward middle phase where everything feels kind of confusing and overwhelming. But I guess that's just how growing up goes, right? One minute you're worried about cooties and the next you're stressing over homework and trying to figure out who you are. Wild, huh?At least I'm not the only one going through it. All my friends seem just as lost and confused as I am most days. We're all just stumbling through adolescence together, trying to make senseof the world and our place in it. Some days that perspective helps, knowing we're in this together. Other days it doesn't make anything easier at all...Body Paragraphs: [Content Omitted for Brevity]Conclusion:...So yeah, that's a glimpse into the wonderful chaos of being a 9th grader. It's honestly pretty nuts just how much happens and how quickly everything seems to change at this age. One minute everything is steady and you think you've got it all figured out, and the next the ground is shifting beneath your feet again.I try to just roll with it as best I can. There's no point getting too worked up over things I can't control, you know? I'm sure in a few years I'll look back and laugh at how dramatic I was being over all of this. But for now, it's my reality. The neverending journey of finding yourself and your place.All I can do is keep an open mind, stay true to who I am, and appreciate the friends and family supporting me along the way. At the end of the day, we're all just kids trying our best to grow up and make sense of this crazy world. If we can do that withsome laughter, kindness and good people by our sides, I think we'll be just fine.。
OBCA练习题21. 下列关于备份恢复哪些描述正确? *A、支持租户级别的恢复(正确答案)B、恢复过程包括租户系统表和用户表的 Restore 和 Recover过程C、数据备份指备份基线数据,包括全量备份和增量备份D、日志归档指日志数据的自动归档功能(正确答案)2. 集群扩容和缩容所需数据移动平衡操作由OceanBase自动完成无需用户干预 [判断题] *对(正确答案)错3. 以下哪些是OceanBase集群部署的常见方案? *A、三地四中心B、三地五中心(正确答案)C、2D、两地三中心(正确答案)4. OceanBase是如何避免随机写的? *A、oceanBase是一个准内存数据库的架构,存储又采用LSM Tree的架构,可以有效解决随机写和写放大的问题(正确答案)B、对数据的修改,比如insert、update等,都会先放到内存的MemTable中(正确答案)C、MemTable中的数据像传统数据库那样不定期的进行check point到硬盘中D、通过把增量数据与基线数据进行合并,顺序写入磁盘,可以有效降低写随机写(正确答案)5. 租户逻辑上类似传统数据库的实例,创建完成后,每个租户都将有自己的专属进程。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)6. 同一个资源单元定义unit config(比如2C8G,或者4C16G等),可以被多个资源池使用。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错7. 对于存量Oracle业务迁移到OceanBase上需要数据实时同步功能,建议使用哪个工具? [单选题] *A、oCPD、DataXC、 OMS(正确答案)D、ODC8. OCP管理集群时每个受管服务器需要安装OCP agent [判断题] *对(正确答案)错9. OceanBase数据库可以部署在哪些环境中? *A、虚拟化环境(正确答案)B、本地机器(正确答案)C、容器化环境(正确答案)D、云平台(正确答案)10. OceanBase集群灾难恢复等级是多少 [单选题] *A、5B、6(正确答案)C、2D、111. 关于OB原生分布式关系型数据库架构的优势下列描述正确的是? *A、数据高可靠+服务高可用:多副本一致性协议Paxos的工业级实现,个别节点发生故障时保证数据零丢失(RPO=0)和服务快速恢复(RTO<30秒)(正确答案)B、线性扩容随着业务量增加进行扩容(比如线上促销期间),随着业务量减少进行缩容(比如促销后)(正确答案)C、高成本:对硬件要求高,需要使用高端小型机和存储D、灵活的部署方式:支持三中心、五中心、主备等多种部署模式(正确答案)12. Ooenabase数据库已经通过TPC-C测试认证 [判断题] *对(正确答案)错13. OceanBase可以实现动态的扩容和缩容。
Huawei USG6630E/USG6650E/USG6680E Next-Generation FirewallsWith the continuous digitalization and cloudification of enterprise services, networks play an important rolein enterprise operations, and must be protected. Network attackers use various methods, such as identityspoofing, website Trojan horses, and malware, to initiate network penetration and attacks, affecting thenormal use of enterprise networks.Deploying firewalls on network borders is a common way to protect enterprise network security. However,firewalls can only analyze and block threats based on signatures. This method cannot effectively handleunknown threats and may deteriorate device performance. This single-point and passive method doesnot pre-empt or effectively defend against unknown threat attacks. Threats hidden in encrypted traffic inparticular cannot be effectively identified without breaching user privacy.Huawei's next-generation firewalls provide the latest capabilities and work with other security devicesto proactively defend against network threats, enhance border detection capabilities, effectively defendagainst advanced threats, and resolve performance deterioration problems. Network Processors providefirewall acceleration capability, which greatly improves the firewall throughput.Product AppearancesUSG6630E/USG6650E/USG6680EProduct HighlightsComprehensive and integrated protection• Integrates the traditional firewall, VPN, intrusion prevention, antivirus, data leak prevention, bandwidth management, URL filtering, and online behavior management functions all in one device.• Interworks with the local or cloud sandbox to effectively detect unknown threats and prevent zero-day attacks.• Implements refined bandwidth management based on applications and websites, preferentially forwards key services, and ensures bandwidth for key services.More comprehensive defense• The built-in traffic probe of a firewall extracts traffic information and reports it to the CIS, a security big data analysis platform developed by Huawei. The CIS analyzes threats in the traffic, without decrypting the traffic or compromising the device performance. The threat identification rate is higher than 90%.• The deception system proactively responds to hacker scanning behavior and quickly detects and records malicious behavior, facilitating forensics and source tracing.High performance• Uses the network processing chip based on the ARM architecture, improving forwarding performance significantly.• Enables chip-level pattern matching and accelerates encryption/decryption, improving the performance for processing IPS, antivirus, and IPSec services.• The throughput of a 1 U device can reach 80 Gbit/s.High port density• The device has multiple types of interfaces, such as 40G, 10G, and 1G interfaces. Services can be flexibly expanded without extra interface cards.DeploymentSmall Data center border protection• Firewalls are deployed at egresses of data centers, and functions and system resources can be virtualized.The firewall has multiple types of interfaces, such as 40G, 10G, and 1G interfaces. Services can be flexibly expanded without extra interface cards.• The 12-Gigabit intrusion prevention capability effectively blocks a variety of malicious attacks and delivers differentiated defense based on virtual environment requirements to guarantee data security.• VPN tunnels can be set up between firewalls and mobile workers and between firewalls and branch offices for secure and low-cost remote access and mobile working.Enterprise border protection• Firewalls are deployed at the network border. The built-in traffic probe extracts packets of encrypted trafficand sends the packets to the CIS, a big data analysis platform. In this way, threats in encrypted traffic are monitored in real time. Encrypted traffic does not need to be decrypted, protecting user privacy and preventing device performance deterioration.• The deception function in enabled on the firewalls to proactively respond to malicious scanning behaviorand associate with the CIS for behavior analysis to quickly detect and record malicious behavior, protecting enterprise against threats in real time.• The policy control, data filtering, and audit functions of the firewalls are used to monitor social networkapplications to prevent data breach and protect enterprise networks.Hardware1. HDD/SSD Slot2. 12 x GE (RJ45)3. 12 x 10GE (SFP+)4. 2 x 40GE (QSFP+)5. 1 x USB3.06. 1 x GE (RJ45) management port7. Console portUSG6630E/USG6650E1. HDD/SSD Slot2. 28 x10 GE (SFP+)3. 4 x 40GE (QSFP+)4. 2 x HA (SFP+)5. 1 x USB3.06. 1 x GE (RJ45) management port7. Console portUSG6680ESoftware FeaturesSpecificationsSystem Performance and Capacity1. P erformance is tested under ideal conditions based on RFC2544, 3511. The actual result may vary with deployment environments.2. Antivirus, IPS, and SA performances are measured using 100 KB HTTP files.3. F ull protection throughput is measured with Firewall, SA, IPS, Antivirus and URL Filtering enabled. Antivirus, IPS and SA performances are measured using 100 KB HTTP files.4. F ull protection throughput (Realworld) is measured with Firewall, SA, IPS, Antivirus and URL Filtering enabled, Enterprise Mix Traffic Model.5. SSL inspection throughput is measured with IPS-enabled and HTTPS traffic using TLS v1.2 with AES128-GCM-SHA256.6. SSL VPN throughput is measured using TLS v1.2 with AES128-SHA.*SA: Service Awareness.Note: All data in this document is based on USG V600R006.Hardware Specifications* Some 10G ports and 40G ports are mutually exclusive. The ports can be configured as follows: 4 x 40GE (QSFP+) + 20 x 10GE (SFP+) + 2 x 10GE (SFP+) HA + 1 x USB or 2 x 40GE (QSFP+) + 28 x 10GE (SFP+) + 2 x 10GE (SFP+) HA + 1 x USBCertificationsRegulatory, Safety, and EMC ComplianceOrdering GuideAbout This PublicationThis publication is for reference only and does not constitute any commitments or guarantees. All trademarks, pictures, logos, and brands mentioned in this document are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. or a third party.For more information, visit /en/products/enterprise-networking/security.Copyright©2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.。
Too many management obstacles?Today, siloed infrastructure and management processes make it difficult for IT organizations to keep up with the demands of the business. Non-standard manual tasks; multiple hand-offs between server, storage, and network administrators; and incomplete process automation complicate IT service roll-outs and ongoing management. They can also lead to costly errors.To address these issues, you need:• A converged management platform that unifies management of servers, storage, and network—breaking down the walls between infrastructure silos • Simple, software-defined process templates that allow connectivity, compute, and firmware settings to be programmed once and rolled out the same way every time • A platform that can be accessed programmatically through industry-standard application programming interfaces (APIs) to exponentially accelerate the speed of management task execution You need HP OneView.Exciting new approach to infrastructure management To eliminate infrastructure complexity, HP OneView automates the delivery and operation ofIT services—transforming everyday management of server, storage, and network resourcesin physical and virtual environments. HP OneView improves IT administrator efficiency byconverging management of HP server, storage, and networking resources. It speeds IT serviceroll-outs and helps actively prevent error-induced downtime through a template-based,software-defined approach to management. And HP OneView saves time by acting as anautomation hub that performs infrastructure configuration and management tasks at therequest of other applications.HP OneView featuresStandard• Map View• Smart Search, Activity View, Dashboard• Monitoring/Inventory/Reporting• REST API access• Technical Support and Software updatesAdvanced• All the standard features• Partner integrations• Software-defined infrastructure (profiles,groups, sets)• Storage provisioning and SAN zoning• Virtual Connect advanced management• Firmware management• Power management (3D visualization)• OS provisioning• Remote management Data sheetHP OneViewEliminating infrastructure complexity with automation simplicity2HP OneView reduces OPEX and improves agility, so you can free-up resources to focus on new initiatives that will help grow your business. HP OneView interoperates closely with HP CloudSystem, HP Business Service Management, VMware® vCenter, and Microsoft® System Center. It helps lay the foundation for Infrastructure-as-a-Service delivery through the cloud solution of your choice.Transform the way you manage your IT infrastructure Converge your management experience You can use HP OneView to automate the deployment, update, and ongoing management of HP ConvergedSystem offerings and HP Converged Infrastructure components. The customizable HP OneView dashboard provides an easy-to-understand summary/status of servers, storage pools, and enclosures. Color-coded icons tell you which systems are functioning properly and which ones need help—whether you manage five systems or 500.• One platform manages HP ProLiant DL servers, HP BladeSystem, and HP 3PAR StoreServ storage.• Smart Search instantly finds what you are looking for without forcing you to search through long and complicated tree views.• 3D Power/Thermal Mapping provides intuitive power management.• Pre-configured reports help catalogue inventory and alerts, facilitating asset management and creation of internal status reports to IT and business leadership.• Email event notification alerts administrators of potential problems in real time.HP Operations Analytics for HP OneView collects and analyzes HP OneView data to pinpoint the root cause of system outages and performance problems. It also allows administrators to build a profile for a normal operating environment and identify trends indicative of future problems before they occur.New HP Virtualization Performance Viewer for HP OneView extends the value of HP OneView with capacity optimization so you can forecast and model future capacity needs.Figure 1. Converged infrastructure managementHP OneView is:• Converged —Manage across compute, storage,and networking and enjoy a 50 percent reductionin tools to learn, manage, deploy, and integrate.1• Software-defined —Capture best practiceknowledge in templates to guarantee thatinfrastructure is deployed and managed theright way every time.• Automated —Use HP OneView REST APIsto deploy a VMware vSphere cluster in justfive easy steps 2 and leverage HP OneViewas the infrastructure automation hub foryour enterprise.1 B ased on HP internal analysis, May 2014,comparing OneView 1.10 vs. the traditionalapproach to infrastructure managementrequiring eight tools.2 D etermined during HP internal testing inJanuary 2014, comparing HP OneView 1.05 withthe HP Insight Control for VMware vCenter Server v7.30 plugin vs. traditional HP management tools.Server Profile Templates Define configurations once, in minutes, and then provision or update the configuration many times—consistently and reliably with no repetitive tasks Driver & Firmware Update Device drivers and firmware update can be automated at scale with HP OneView. Profile templates used in combination with HP Software Update Tools enables staged (online) update of drivers and firmware Profile Mobility Flexibly migrate and recover workloads—new profile mobility supported across server platforms and generations Multi-Hop FCoE Support HP OneView provides a powerful multi-fabric strategy—from pure end to end FCoE, to hybrid FC/FCoE to pure end to end FC connections. Now supporting dual hop and multi-hop FCoE on supported configurations SAN health connection monitoring Proactive SAN Volume Attach Monitoring—Proactive alerts provided for data path failures and data path configuration issues Storage Snapshots and Clones Providing SAN volume snapshot & clone operations within HP OneView Virtual Connect—Quality of Services (QoS)Provides prioritization for designated networking traffic flows and guarantees certain level of performance through resource reservation VC Migration Enhancements Migration Wizard automates Virtual Connect Domain migration with a single push of the button—new enhancements to this capability including Gen9 support What’s new Compute Network StorageHP OneView Automation Hub Message bus + REST API provides a closed loop automation solution What has changed in the environment?What action needs to be taken?Out-of-the-box standard integrations - HP - VMware - Microsoft - Red Hat®- OpenStack®Storage Servers Networking 3Software-defined infrastructure management Software-defined management allows you to create templates that define infrastructure services. This way, you can deliver IT services in a fast, repeatable, and reliable manner at lower cost and with fewer errors.• Profiles and groups capture best-practices and policies for configuration of network uplinks and downlinks, storage volumes, blade enclosure and blade and rack mount server configurations and firmware baselines. You can create profiles and groups once, and then roll them out to as many enclosures, servers, and storage arrays as you like. Doing so increases productivity and guarantees compliance and consistency.• OneView visualizes the connections between infrastructure elements, so you can better understand the impact of hardware faults, performance bottlenecks, or other conditions on the surrounding infrastructure.• You can take advantage of intelligent configuration checking to make certain that changes to network or storage configurations don’t inadvertently disrupt production workloads.Automated platform An essential feature of the software-defined data center is automation—which becomes more powerful when numerous tasks from multiple tools are linked together using industry standards. HP OneView creates a closed-loop automation hub with consistent, industry-standard APIs; a uniform data model; and a subscription-based message bus. With HP OneView, you can automate deployment of multiple enclosures, blades, storage, and networking programmatically—using the industry-standard REST interface or your choice of PowerShell and Python language bindings. With HP OneView automation capabilities, you can:• Inform multiple management tools such as HP Operations Manager, Microsoft System Center or VMware vCenter Server or systems administrators of changes to the infrastructure managed by HP OneView • Quickly react to environmental changes by deploying or updating resources, updating asset management records, or automatically creating service tickets • Enable virtualization administrators to automate control of all HP resources—without having detailed knowledge of each device—via integration with VMware vCenter and VMware vCenter Operations and Microsoft System Center • Automate power and location discovery 3 T he number of steps was determined byHP internal testing in January 2014, comparingHP OneView 1.05 with the HP Insight Controlfor VMware vCenter Server v7.30 plugin vs.traditional HP management tools.4 B ased on HP internal testing in May 2014,comparing HP OneView 1.10 vs. traditionalmanagement tools to deploy 32 server clusterson HP ProLiant blades, 3PAR 7200 storagearrays, and Brocade switches.5 B ased on HP internal testing in August 2013,comparing HP OneView 1.0 vs. traditionalHP management tools, each deploying 16 servers.The test was to configure the networks,enclosure, template, and profiles. HP OneViewtakes 14 minutes of an admin’s time vs. traditionalHP management tools taking 170 minutes of anadmin’s time.6 B ased on internal estimates made byHP for the standard time to configure anHP ConvergedSystem 300 for Virtualization.7 B ased on HP internal testing of HP OneView 1.0 vs.manual operations, as of September 2013. WithHP OneView, it takes 30 seconds of a user’stime to add a network vs. 12 minutes withmanual operations.8“HP OneView Expected to Play Critical Role inDifferentiating HP ConvergedSystem Sharks,”IDC, March 2014.“This people-centric approach to unifying and automating the full spectrum of HP systems administration capabilities delivers significant productivity benefits across IT administration teams, while improving business agility.”– IDC 8Figure 2. HP OneView is an intelligent automation hub Proof by the numbersIt’s one thing to claim excellence. It’s another toprove it with verifiable facts and figures.• Five easy steps to deploy a VMware vSpherecluster 3• Ability to create clusters in hours instead ofthe days required with current server, SAN, andstorage management tools 4• 96 percent reduction in server configurationtime 5• 20 minutes to configure a newHP ConvergedSystem 6• Four commands to access all HP OneViewtelemetry and control functions• 24X faster to change network configurations 7Rate this documentShare with colleagues Sign up for updates /go/getupdated Why HP for converging your IT?Delivering systems that are purpose-built by design Uniting market-leading HP Converged Infrastructure with decades of experience in solution design, HP delivers the ConvergedSystem portfolio—offering a purpose-built system that dramatically simplifies your IT. There’s no need to build your own systems, because HP has done all the pre-engineering, validations, and testing for you—saving a considerable amount of your IT administrators’ time. Through quick deployment, automated management with HP OneView, and system-level support, your IT staff can be freed up to innovate. With HP OneView built into your HP ConvergedSystem, you can:• Simplify management with one consistent infrastructure management platform that replacesseveral tools, and includes unified physical and virtual management through VMware vCenteror Microsoft System Center• Free up your IT staff’s time by automating everyday tasks using software-defined templatesto create resource profiles and groups once, and then roll them out to hundreds of enclosuresand systems in minutes• Deploy complete VMware vSphere or Hyper-V clusters in minutesWith HP ConvergedSystem, you don’t get disparate technologies from different vendors boltedtogether and called “converged.” Instead, you receive components designed from the start forconvergence, coupled with integrated OneView management and workload optimization basedon decades of expertise. The result—a single holistic computing ecosystem.Get the support you need with comprehensive HP servicesYou can count on smooth operations with HP by your side. We offer a range of support servicesto deliver the precise level of assistance you need.• Three-year, 24x7 HP Technical Support is included in the purchase of OneView software. Youcan extend this coverage to four or five years to match your hardware support coverage andmake sure your solution is completely supported.• HP Proactive Care Service offers access to enhanced call center support for your HP ProLiantBladeSystem servers running HP OneView. HP Proactive Care provides a personalized andsimplified support experience.• HP Education Services can help familiarize your staff with HP OneView.• HP Installation and Data Migration Services are available to ease your transition toHP OneView, and allow you to plan your data migration with expert assistance.How do I get started?• Explore HP OneView demos• Contact your HP representative or authorized channel partner today for a live demo• Download the free 60-day trialLearn more at /go/oneviewGain the skills you need with ExpertOne trainingand certification from HP. With HP ProLianttraining, you will accelerate your technologytransition, improve operational performance, andget the best return on your HP investment. Ourtraining is available when and where you needit, through flexible delivery options and a globaltraining capability. /learn/proliantCustomize your IT lifecycle management, fromacquisition of new IT, management of existingassets, and removal of unneeded equipment. /go/hpfinancialservices © Copyright 2013–2015 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.Microsoft is a trademark of the Microsoft group of companies. Red Hat is a registered trademark of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. The OpenStack word mark and the Square O Design, together or apart, are trademarks or registered trademarks of OpenStack Foundation in the United States and other countries, and are used with the OpenStack Foundation’s permission.4AA4-6214ENW, June 2015, Rev. 6。
Data Center Infrastructure Management SystemiManager NetEco6000TheNetEco6000isa next-generationdatacenter infrastructure management systemdeveloped and continuouslyevolvedbyHuawei.Itisdedicatedtoproviding an innovative and leading intelligent O&M solution for data centers to maximize the efficiency and value of data centers.Product OverviewValue & Design ConceptApplication ScenariosMicro/Small-sized data center,medium-and large-sized data center,outdoor prefabricated data centerDigital visualization for intelligent, for the ultimate experience and operation insight.Digital and intelligent O&M, improve O&M quality and efficiency, and save O&M costs by 35%.Asset life cycle management, intelligent capacity planning, and increase resource utilization by 20%.iCooling@AI solution enable energy efficiency optimization, reducing PUE by 8%-15%Digital VisualizationAutonomous MaintenanceIntelligent OperationAI PUE OptimizationAir ConditionerUPS PDU GeneratorCameraAccess ControlWater LeakageSmokeSensorT&H Sensor···Mobile APP3rd party systemDC 1DC 2DC 3DC N•Power system •Security system•Building system •Firefighting others…………LANWeb Browser Big Screen DisplaySystem ArchitectureServer ServerServerCategory LicenseFeaturesNoteBasic Features NADevice Monitoring, Big Screen Display, Alarm Management, Power Link Visualization, Cooling Link Visualization,Report Management, Energy Efficiency Analysis and Fault Analysis.Platform InterfaceNorthbound Interface Device/System Integration.Southbound Interface Optional FeaturesTemperature Nephogram Temperature Map 3D View-Lite 3D View-Lite Choose one of three.3D View-Pro 3D View-Pro 3D View-BIM 3D View-BIMDashboard Report Big Data Dashboard and Report Analysis.Basic MaintenancePersonnel and Shift Management, Electronic Inspection, App O&M, O&M Process Management, Knowledge Library and O&M Process ManagementChoose one of two.Digital MaintenancePersonnel and Shift Management, Electronic Inspection, App O&M, O&M Process Management, Knowledge Library, O&M ProcessManagement, Conserve, Repair Management,Routine Drill, Entry and Exit Registration and Supplier Management.AI Inspection of Power Facility AI Automatic Inspection of Power Facility AI Inspection of Cooling Facility AI Automatic Inspection of AHU AI Robot InspectionAI Robot InspectionAI Predictive Maintenance of Circuit BreakerBreaker Health Prediction and Circuit Breaker Setting Analysis.AI Predictive Maintenance of Power FacilityTemperature PredictionAI Predictive Maintenance of Energy Storage Lithium Battery Health PredictionIntelligent Operation Asset management,Capacity Management, Tenant management,Warehouse Management and Automatic detection of U space.Cooling OptimizationAI PUE Optimization.Features Overview :CategoryDescriptionNoteDeployment ModeSingle server, cluster server, or VM(FusionSphere or FusionCompute)Operating System / Database EulerOS / GaussDB, Huawei-developed.Management Capability ≥3 million monitoring points (about 30,000 cabinets), supporting capacity expansion.Number of Online Users ≤100Data StorageDefault 1 year, maximum support 3 years.Basic Parameters :Digital Visualization Module:License Feature Description Advantages SpecificationsNA-Basic Features DeviceMonitoringReal-timemonitoring of datacenterinfrastructure.Topology of thepower and coolingsystem.•Monitor data center infrastructure in real time,such as power equipment, cooling equipment,sensors, etc.•Can centrally manage multiple data centers.Big ScreenDisplayDisplay the KPI onthe splicing LCD.Professionalcustomized bigscreen•You can flexibly display the alarm, energyefficiency, capacity and O&M dashboards on thebig screen•Support custom development of big screen.AlarmManagementViewing andHandling Alarms.Alarm masking rulesthat support multipleconditions.•Supports alarm browsing, query, masking,redefinition and threshold setting.•Notification methods include SMS, phone,emailand WeChat.•Supports the expert experience library to recordalarm handling experience and suggestions.Power LinkVisualizationDisplays theoperating status ofthe power system.Accurately locateproblems and reducerepair time.•Automatically generate power links, which can becustomized and show power flow.•You can click the device or alarm icon on the linkto quickly jump to view.Cooling LinkVisualizationDisplays theoperating status ofthe cooling system.Shortens theemergency handlingduration andimproves reliability.•The flow direction can be displayed on the link,which can be defined.•You can click the device or alarm icon on the linkto quickly jump to view.ReportManagementStatistics andanalysis ofplatform data.Supports reportcustomization andcreate scheduledreport tasks.•Built-in report templates, such as asset reports,capacity reports, energy consumption reports, etc.•The content, logo, etc. of the report can becustomized.•Reports can be sent to designated users regularly.EnergyEfficiencyAnalysisStatistical analysisof data centerenergy efficiencyindicators.The calculationmethod of energyefficiency indicatorscan be customized,and different levelsof PUE calculationsare also provided.•Support different levels of PUE and historical curveanalysis such as data center, room and smartmodule.•The threshold and reference value of PUE can beset, and an alarm is generated when PUE is toohigh.•Electricity cost calculation supports multistepelectricity price.•Identify abnormal cPUE and energy consumption.License Feature Description Advantages SpecificationsNA-Basic Features FaultAnalysisSimulates andanalyzes theservice scopeaffected by adevice fault.Dynamic linkanalysis,supporting real-time analysis andpre-rehearsal.•Analyzes the impact of device alarms anddisplays the impact range on power links.•Supports fault simulation and displays theimpact.•Fault impact analysis reports can be generated.Temperature Nephogram TemperatureMapTemperaturedistribution in thedata center.The data is accurate,which is collected bythe sensor in realtime.•Three-layer temperature maps are supported,automatically identifying top 5 hot and cold spots.•It can be displayed in 2D or 3D mode.•The range of temperature rendering colors can bemodified.3D View-Lite3D View-Lite Provides a 3D viewof the data center.Built-in 3D engine,2D/3D view one-clickswitching.•Provides 3D views of building, floor, room, module,and cabinet.•Automatically generate 3D view based on 2Dlayout.•Provide 3D capacity view and 3D temperaturemap.3D View-Pro 3D View-ProImproved 3Dvisualizationexperience ofdata center.More professional3D technology,supportingsimulationrendering ofvarious details.•Provides 3D views of campus, building, floor,room, module, and cabinet.•Provides rendering of decorations such as grass,stairs, tables and chairs, walls, etc.•The IT device panel can be rendered and deviceconnection relationships can be viewed.•Provide 3D capacity view and 3D temperaturemap.3D View-BIM 3D View-BIMUse the BIMmodel tovisualize the reallayout of thedata center.The BIM modelcaptures realityand effectivelyintegrates projectdesign resources.•BIM views of buildings, floors, rooms, modules,and cabinets are displayed.•Supports simulation of facilities such as cables,cable trays, and pipes.•Allows users to zoom in and out views, cutmodels, and measure distances.•Provide 3D capacity view and 3D temperaturemap.Northbound /Southboun d Interface Device/SystemIntegrationIntegration with 3rdparty systems.Pre-integrated withmany3rd partysystems.•Provides southbound and northbound interfaces.•Monitors performance and alarm informationreported by system.•Pre-integrated with many systems for fast delivery.License Feature Description Advantages SpecificationsBasic Maintena nce & Digital Maintena nce Personnel andShiftManagementPersonnelmanagement andshift management.Distribute O&M tasksautomatically basedon duty.•You can configure the basic information, shifts andgroups of O&M personnel.•Provide the duty information on the shift calendar.•Provide duty plan and handover plan etc.•Provide statistics and analysis of abnormal shifts.ElectronicInspectionElectronic andmobile routineinspection ofequipment rooms.Provide inspectiontemplates, shareexpert experience,and reduceinspection skillrequirements.•You can plan inspection tasks and createinspection templates, such as inspection content,sequence, methods, reference values, and notes.•Receive tasks on the APP and obtain detailsthrough QR codes or NFC.•Inspection reports can be generated.App O&MRemote accessthrough mobilephones.APP permissioncontrol, supportoffline data cache.•View alarms, PUE,device parameters, etc.•Supports viewing and processing O&M tasks。
2024年80分tencent的Mysql云数据库产品认证答案1.自建的MySQL数据库在向腾讯云MySQL迁移时,自建MySQL需要开启?A开启慢日志B.开启二进制日志c.开启中继日志D开启审计日志2.关于腾讯云TXSQL内核大表添加新列的描述错误的是?A通过instant算法来避免数据拷贝B使用方式如下:ALTERTABLEt1ADD COLUMN c1int,algorithm=instantC可有效减少加列时的磁盘I/0D.只支持5.7版本3.下列关于腾讯云MySQL数据库的特点描述错误的是?A高可扩展性B高可用性c支持克隆实例D.一日选择实例版本,不支持版本升级4.关于腾讯云数据MySQL高可用和管理方面描述错误的是?A云数据库MySQL支持同城多可用区灾备和跨地域灾备B支持DBbrain进行实例诊断C支持数据库审计策略制定D采用TXSQL内核,兼容innodb引擎性能更优5.关于腾讯云MySQL的描述错误的是?A可以在几分钟内启动并连接到一个可以立即投入生产的MYSQLB云数据库MSQL支持强同步和半同步的数据复制方式C基于原生的MySQL内核进行深度定制开发D.不兼容原生MySQL6下面是腾讯云MySQL默认事务隔离级别?A . READ UNCOMMITTEDB.READ COMMITTEDC.CREPEATABLE READD.DSERIALIZABLE7.关于腾讯云TXSQL的特性,下列描述错误的是?A支持并行复制B支持数据加密C支持异步删除大表D不支持数据审计8在腾讯云MySQL管理中下列属于会话管理模块功能的是?A创建表B按条件kil会话C.不支持会话统计D.不支持定位会话访问来源9.在进行DTS腾讯云MySQL之间的迁移过程中,下列描述错误的是?A在进行迁移时,源端可以使用root账广B迁移过程中使用普通用户时,需要对用户进行授权C.DTS平台迁移不支持增量同步D支持其他厂商云上MySQL到腾讯云MySQL的迁移10.关于SQL优化建议,下列说法不准的是?A创建表时,建议带有主键约束B.join的性能比较差时,改造成子查询性能一定会得到提升C多表联接查询时,关联字段创建适合的索引D避免SELECT*FROM操作,尽量列出检索列11.查看MySQL的当前会话连接情况,可以在数据库管理平台那个模块中查看会话状态? A库管理模块B实例监控模块C.实例会话模块D.SQL窗口12在腾讯云MySQL迁移时,对于DTS迁移平台能力描述不正确的是?A支持源端到多个目标端的迁移B仅支持源端到目标端一对一的迁移任务C支持云主机中自建MySQL到公有云MySQL的迁移D支持公有云MySQL之间的迁移。
The Impact of "The Wandering Earth" on Chinese Science Fiction CinemaIntroductionReleased in 2019, "The Wandering Earth" marked a significant milestone in Chinese science fiction cinema. Directed by Frant Gwo and based on the novella by Liu Cixin, the film's ambitious narrative, stunning visual effects, and substantial box office success have positioned it as a groundbreaking achievement in Chinese filmmaking. This essay explores the profound impact "The Wandering Earth" has had on the Chinese science fiction genre, examining its influence on technical standards, narrative scope, cultural representation, and the global perception of Chinese cinema.Technical Advancements and Industrial Standards"The Wandering Earth" set a new benchmark for technical excellence in Chinese cinema. The film's visual effects, produced by a combination of domestic and international teams, showcased China's growing capabilities in CGI and special effects. The intricate depiction of a frozen Earth and the colossal planetary engines demonstrated that Chinese filmmakers could produce visuals on par with Hollywood blockbusters.- Special Effects and CGI: The film's success in creating believable and immersive special effects has encouraged further investment in CGI technology within China, leading to an overall enhancement in the quality of visual effects across the industry. - Production Quality: By adhering to international production standards, "The Wandering Earth" has raised the bar for future Chinese films, promoting a more professional and rigorous approach to filmmaking.Expanding Narrative Horizons"The Wandering Earth" introduced Chinese audiences to a new kind of storytelling that blends science fiction with traditional Chinese values. The film's narrative, which involves moving the entire planet to a new star system to escape an impending supernova, combines grand-scale scientific concepts with themes of familial duty, sacrifice, and collective effort.- Innovative Storytelling: The film's success has shown that Chinese audiences are receptive to complex and innovative sci-fi stories, encouraging writers and filmmakers to explore more diverse and ambitious narratives.- Cultural Integration: By integrating Chinese cultural elements and values into a sci-fi framework, the film has paved the way for future projects to explore uniquely Chinese perspectives within the genre.Cultural Representation and National PrideOne of the most significant impacts of "The Wandering Earth" is its role in fostering national pride and cultural representation. The film portrays a unified global effort led by Chinese scientists and engineers, highlighting China's potential as a leader in solving global crises. This positive portrayal of Chinese ingenuity and heroism has resonated deeply with domestic audiences.- National Pride: The film has bolstered national pride by showcasing China's capabilities in both scientific achievement and cinematic storytelling.- Global Perception: It has also helped shift the global perception of Chinese cinema, demonstrating that China can produce high-quality, compelling films that appeal to international audiences.Box Office Success and Market Confidence"The Wandering Earth" was a massive box office success, grossing over $700 million worldwide. This commercial achievement has had a ripple effect throughout the Chinese film industry, instillingconfidence in producers and investors regarding the profitability of science fiction films.- Market Viability: The film's financial success has proven that there is a significant market for high-quality sci-fi films in China, encouraging more investment in the genre.- Industry Growth: Increased investment and interest in science fiction are likely to lead to more diverse and innovative projects, further expanding the genre and contributing to the overall growth of the Chinese film industry.Influencing Future ProjectsThe impact of "The Wandering Earth" is evident in the surge of sci-fi projects announced or released in its wake. Filmmakers and studios are now more willing to take risks and invest in science fiction narratives, recognizing the genre's potential for both critical and commercial success.- New Projects: Numerous sci-fi films and TV series are now in development, drawing inspiration from "The Wandering Earth" and aiming to replicate its success.- Talent Development: The film has also highlighted the importance of nurturing talent in areas such as screenwriting, special effects, and production design, leading to a more skilled and versatile workforce in the industry.Conclusion"The Wandering Earth" has had a transformative impact on Chinese science fiction cinema. Its technical achievements, narrative innovation, cultural representation, and commercial success have set a new standard for the genre and inspired a wave of new projects. By demonstrating that China can produce world-class sci-fi films, "The Wandering Earth" has not only elevated the status of Chinese cinema on the global stage but also opened the door to a future rich with possibilities for Chinese science fiction storytelling. As the industry continues to evolve, the legacy of"The Wandering Earth" will undoubtedly influence and inspire filmmakers for years to come.。
In the realm of future technology,our imaginations can run wild.Heres a detailed English composition that envisions the technological advancements of the future.Title:A Glimpse into the Future of TechnologyAs we stand on the precipice of the next era of technological innovation,it is both thrilling and daunting to consider the potential changes that lie ahead.The future of technology promises to be a tapestry woven with threads of artificial intelligence, quantum computing,biotechnology,and sustainable energy solutions.Artificial Intelligence AIThe integration of AI into daily life will be seamless and ubiquitous.Personal AI assistants will not only manage our schedules and provide information but will also understand our emotions and predict our needs.In the workplace,AI will collaborate with humans to enhance productivity,offering insights and solutions that we might not have considered.Autonomous vehicles will revolutionize transportation,reducing accidents and traffic congestion while optimizing routes for efficiency.Quantum ComputingQuantum computers will unlock new frontiers in data processing and problemsolving. With their ability to perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds,they will transform fields such as cryptography,drug discovery,and materials science.Quantum encryption will ensure unprecedented security in digital communications,while quantum simulations will enable the design of new materials with tailored properties. BiotechnologyAdvancements in biotechnology will lead to breakthroughs in personalized medicine. Genetic editing technologies like CRISPR will allow us to correct genetic disorders and potentially enhance human capabilities.Synthetic biology will give rise to new forms of life,designed to perform specific functions,such as cleaning up pollution or producing renewable energy.Sustainable EnergyThe quest for sustainable energy will yield innovative solutions to combat climate change. Solar and wind energy will become more efficient and affordable,with advancements in energy storage allowing for a more stable and reliable power grid.Fusion power,once adream of science fiction,may become a reality,providing a nearly limitless and clean source of energy.Virtual and Augmented RealityThe boundaries between the digital and physical worlds will blur as virtual reality VR and augmented reality AR become more sophisticated.VR will offer immersive experiences for entertainment,education,and therapy,while AR will overlay digital information onto the physical world,enhancing our perception and interaction with the environment.Space ExplorationThe future will see a new age of space exploration,with private companies and international collaborations pushing the limits of what we know.Mars may become the first offworld colony,with sustainable habitats and infrastructure built to support human life.Space tourism will become a reality,offering breathtaking views of Earth from the cosmos.CybersecurityAs our reliance on technology grows,so does the importance of cybersecurity.Advanced encryption methods and AIdriven threat detection systems will protect our digital infrastructure from cyber attacks.Quantumresistant algorithms will safeguard our data against the power of quantum computers.Ethical ConsiderationsWith great power comes great responsibility.The future of technology will demand a robust ethical framework to guide its development and use.Issues such as privacy,data ownership,and the digital divide will require thoughtful solutions to ensure that technological advancements benefit all of humanity.In conclusion,the future of technology is a canvas waiting for the brushstrokes of innovation.It holds the promise of a world that is more connected,efficient,and sustainable.However,it also presents challenges that we must navigate with wisdom and foresight.As we step into this future,let us do so with a commitment to using technology for the betterment of all.。
a r X i v :a s t r o -p h /0402387v 2 28 M a y 2004Mon.Not.R.Astron.Soc.000,000–000(0000)Printed 2February 2008(MN L A T E X style file v2.2)Latest Supernova data in the framework of the GeneralizedChaplygin Gas modelO.Bertolami 1⋆,A.A.Sen 1†,S.Sen,2‡,and P.T.Silva 1§1Instituto Superior T´e cnico,Departamento de F´ısica,Av.Rovisco Pais,1,1049-001,Lisboa,Portugal 2CAAUL,Departamento de F´ısica da FCUL,Campo Grande 1749-016,Lisboa,Portugal2February 2008ABSTRACTWe use the most recent Type-Ia Supernova data in order to study the dark energy -dark matterunification approach in the context of the Generalized Chaplygin Gas (GCG)model.Rather surprisingly,we find that data allow models with α>1.We have studied how the GCG adjusts flat and non-flat models,and our results show that GCG is consistent with flat case up to 68%confidence level.Actually this holds even if one relaxes the flat prior assumption.We have also analyzed what one should expect from a future experiment such as SNAP.We find that there is a degeneracy between the GCG model and a XCDM model with a phantom-like dark energy component.Key words:Cosmology:Cosmological Parameters-Observations-Distance Scale-Supernovae type Ia-Method:Data Analysis.1INTRODUCTIONRecent cosmological observations reveal that the Universe is dom-inated by two invisible components.Type-Ia Supernova observa-tions (Riess et al.1998;Garnavich et al.1998;Perlmutter et al.1999),nucleosynthesis constraints (Burles et al.2001),Cosmic Mi-crowave Background Radiation (CMBR)power spectrum (Balbi et al.2000;de Bernardis et al.2000;Jaffe et al.2001),large scale structure (Peacock et al.2001)and,determinations of the matter density (Bachall &Fan 1998;Carlberg et al.1998;Turner 2000)allow for a model where the clumpy component that traces mat-ter,dark matter,amounts for about 23%of the cosmic energy bud-get,while an overall smoothly distributed component,dark energy,amounts for approximately 73%of the cosmic energy budget.The most interesting feature of this dark energy component is that it has a negative pressure and drives the current acceler-ated expansion of the Universe (Riess et al.1998;Garnavich et al.1998;Perlmutter et al.1999).From the theoretical side,great effort has been devoted to model dark energy.The most obvious candi-date is the vacuum energy,an uncanceled cosmological constant [see eg.Bento &Bertolami (1999),Bento et al.(2001)]for which ωx ≡p x /ρx =−1.Another possibility is a dynamical vacuum (Bronstein 1933;Bertolami 1986a;Bertolami 1986b;Ozer &Taha 1987)or quintessence.Quintessence models most often involve a single scalar field (Ratra &Peebles 1988a;Ratra &Peebles 1988b;⋆E-mail:orfeu@cosmos.ist.utl.pt †E-mail:anjan@cfif3.ist.utl.pt‡E-mail:somasri@cosmo.fis.fc.ul.pt §E-mail:paptms@ist.utl.ptWetterich 1988;Caldwell et al.1998;Ferreira &Joyce 1998;Zlatev et al.1999;Bin´e truy 1999;Kim 1999;Uzan 1999;Amendola 1999;Albrecht &Skordis 2000;Bertolami &Martins 2000;Banerjee &Pav´o n 2001a;Banerjee &Pav´o n 2001b;Sen &Sen 2001;Sen et al.2001)or two coupled fields (Fujii 2000;Masiero et al.2000;Bento et al.2002a).In these models,the cosmic coincidence problem,that is,why did the dark energy start to dominate the cosmological evolution only fairly recently,has no satisfactory solution and some fine tuning is required.More recently,it has been proposed that the evidence for a dark energy component might be explained by a change in the equation of state of the background fluid,with an exotic equation of state,the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG)model,rather than by a cosmological constant or the dynamics of a scalar field rolling down a potential (Kamenshchik et al.2001;Bili´c et al.2002;Bento et al.2002b).In this proposal,one considers the evolution of the equation of state of the background fluid instead of a quintessence potential.The striking feature of this model is that it allows for an unification of dark energy and dark matter (Bento et al.2002b).Moreover,it is shown that the GCG model may be accommodated within the standard structure formation scenario (Bili´c et al.2002;Bento et al.2002b).Concerns about this point have been raised by Sandvik et al.(2002),however in this analysis,the effect of baryons has not been taken into account,which was shown to be impor-tant and allowing compatibility with the 2DF mass power spectrum (Bec ¸a et al.2003).Also,the Sandvik et al.(2002)claim was based on the linear treatment of perturbations close to the present time,thus neglecting any non-linear effects.Thus,given it potentialities,the GCG model has been the sub-ject of great interest,and various attempts have been made to con-2Bertolami et al.strain its parameters using the available observational data.Studies include Supernova data and power spectrum(Avelino et al.2002), age of the Universe and strong lensing statistics(Dev et al.2002), age of the Universe and Supernova data(Makler et al.2002;Al-caniz et al.2002).The tightest constraints were obtained by Bento et al.(2003a)using the CMBR power spectrum measurements from BOOMERANG(de Bernardis et al.2002)and Archeops(Benoit et al.2002),together with the SNe Ia constraints.It is shown that 0.74∼<A s∼<0.85,andα∼<0.6,ruling out the pure Chaply-gin gas model.From the bound arising from the age of the APM 08279+5255source,which is A s∼>0.81(Alcaniz et al.2002), one can get tight constraints,namely0.81∼<A s∼<0.85,and 0.2∼<α∼<0.6,which also rules out theΛCDM model.These re-sults were in agreement with the WMAP data(Bento et al.2003b). It was also shown that the gravitational lensing statistics from fu-ture large surveys together with SN Ia data from SNAP will be able to place interesting constraints the parameters of GCG model(Silva &Bertolami2003).As we shall see in Sections3and4,all these constraints are consistent with Supernova data at95%confidence level.Recently Choudhury&Padmanabhan(2003)have analyzed the supernova data with currently available194data points[see also Padmanabhan&Choudhury(2003)]and shown that it yields relevant constraints on some cosmological parameters.In particu-lar,it shows that when one considers the full supernova data set,it rules out the decelerating model with significant confidence level. They have also shown that one can measure the current value of the dark energy equation of state with higher accuracy and the data prefers the phantom kind of equation of state,ωX<−1(Caldwell 2002).Moreover,the most significant observation of their analy-sis is that,without aflat prior,the latest Supernova data also rules out the preferredflatΛCDM model which is consistent with other cosmological observations.In a previous paper,Alam et al.(2003) have reconstructed the equation of state of the dark energy compo-nent using the same set of Supernova data and found that the dark energy evolves rapidly fromωx≃0in the past to a strongly neg-ative equation of state(ωx∼<−1)in the present,suggesting that ΛCDM may not be a good choice for dark energy.More recently, other groups have also analyzed these recent Supernova data in the context of different cosmological models for dark energy(Gong& Duan2004;Nesseris&Perivolaropoulos2004).In this paper,we analyze the GCG model in the light of the latest supernova data(Tonry et al.2003;Barris et al.2003).We consider bothflat and non-flat models.Our analysis shows that the problem with theflat model,which has been discussed in Choud-hury&Padmanabhan(2003),can be solved in the GCG model in a sense thatflat GCG model is consistent with the latest Supernova data even without aflat prior.We have also analyzed the confidence contours for a GCG model,that one expects from a future experi-ment such as SNAP.Wefind that there is a degeneracy between the GCG model and a XCDM model with a phantom-like dark energy component.This paper is organized as follows.In Section2we discuss various aspects of the generalized Chaplygin gas model and its the-oretical underlying assumptions.In Section3we describe our best fit analysis of the most recent supernova data in the context of gen-eralized Chaplygin gas model.Section4contains our analysis for expected SNAP results.Finally,in Section5we present our con-clusions.2GENERALIZED CHAPLYGIN GAS MODELThe generalized Chaplygin gas(GCG)is characterized by the equa-tion of statep ch=−Aa3(1+α) 1/(1+α),(2) whereρch0is the present energy density of GCG and A s≡A/ρ(1+α)ch0.One of the most striking features of this expression is that, the energy density of this GCG,ρch,interpolates between a dust dominated phase,ρch∝a−3,in the past and a de-Sitter phase,ρch=−p ch,at late times.This property makes the GCG model an interesting candidate for the unification of dark matter and dark en-ergy.Indeed,it can be shown that the GCG model admits inhomo-geneities and that,under the Zeldovich approximation,they evolve in a qualitatively similar fashion like theΛCDM model(Bento et al.2002b).Furthermore,this evolution is controlled by the homo-geneous parameters of the model,namely,αand A.There are several important aspects of the above equation which one should discuss before constraining the relevant parame-ters using Supernova data.Firstly,one can see from the above equa-tion that A s must lie in the range0≤A s≤1.For A s=0,GCG behaves always as matter whereas for A s=1,it behaves always as a cosmological constant.Hence to use it as a unified candidate for dark matter and dark energy one has to exclude these two pos-sibilities resulting the range for A s as0<A s<1.To have an idea about the possible range forα,one has to consider the propagation of sound through thisfluid.Given any Lagrangian L(X,φ)for afieldφ,where X=1ρ,X=L,XGCG and recent Supernova data3Figure1.Confidence contours in theα−A s parameter space forflat uni-fied GCG model.The solid and dashed lines represent the68%and95%confidence regions,respectively.The bestfit value used for M′is-0.033.values.In all previous work,αhas been restricted to a value up to1.But one can see from the above expression for c2s0that as0<A s<1,the maximum allowed value forαcan be surely greaterthan1and that also depends on the value of A s,e.g for A s=0.5,the allowed range forαis0≤α≤2.Notice also that thedominant energy conditionρ+p≥0is always valid in this case.Furthermore,there is no big rip in the future and asymptotically theUniverse goes toward a de-Sitter phase.Hence,on general grounds,restrictingαup to1is not a veryjustified assumption.Moreover,this restriction arises mainly byconsidering the present day value of c2s which is not an importantepoch for structure formation.In general c2s in this model is a timedependent quantity and in such cases it is not very proper to con-strainαwith the present day value of c2s.There is another reason for not restrictingαup to1.It has beenshown by Kamenshchik et al.(2001)that one can also model theChaplygin gas with a minimally coupled scalarfield with canoni-cal kinetic energy term in the Lagrangian density.Performing thisexercise for the GCG,leads to a potential for this scalarfield of theformV=V0e3(α−1)φ[cosh(mφ2)−2α/(α+1)](5)where V0is a constant and m=3(α+1).Forα=1,one recovers the potential obtained by Kamenshchik et al.(2001).Now as we have discussed earlier,for a minimally coupled scalarfield with a canonical kinetic energy term,the value of c2s is always1irrespec-tive of the equation of state.Hence if one considers this kind of scalarfield to model GCG,there is no such restriction onαcoming from the sound speed.In what follows,we shall consider that A s lies in the range 0<A s<1and the only constrain onαthat we shall consider is that it takes positive values.We should also point out that theα=0 case corresponds to theΛCDM model.The Friedmann equation for a non-flat unified GCG model in general is given byH2=H20[Ωch A s+(1−A s)(1+z)3(1+α) 1/(1+α)+Ωk(1+z)2],(6)Figure2.Same as Figure1,but with a wider range forα. where H0is the present day value of the Hubble constant.Ωch andΩk are the present day density parameters for GCG and the curvature.For aflat UniverseΩk=0andΩch=1,whereas for the non-flat caseΩch=1−Ωk.3RECENT SUPERNOV A DATA AND THE BEST FIT ANALYSISTo perform the bestfit analysis of our GCG model with the recent Supernova data,we follow the method discussed by Choudhury& Padmanabhan(2003).As far as the Supernova observation is con-cerned,the cosmologically relevant quantity is the apparent mag-nitude,m,given bym(z)=M+5log10D L(z),(7) where D L=H01Mpc +25where M is the absolute magnitude for the Supernova which is believed to be constant for all Type-Ia Supernova.In our analysis,we take the230data points listed in Tonry et al.(2003)along with the more recent23points from Barris et al. (2003).Also,as discussed by Choudhury&Padmanabhan(2003), for low redshifts,data might be affected by the peculiar motions, making the measurements of the cosmological redshifts uncertain; hence we shall consider only those points with redshifts z>0.01. Moreover,since it is difficult to be sure about the host galaxy ex-tinction,A v,we do not consider points which have A v>0.5. Hence in ourfinal analysis,we consider only194points,which are similar to those considered by Choudhury&Padmanabhan(2003).The Supernova data points given by Tonry et al.(2003)and Barris et al.(2003)are listed in terms of luminosity distance log10d L(z)together with the corresponding errorσlog10d L(z). These distances are obtained assuming some value of M which may not be the true value.Hence,in our analysis we shall keep it as free parameter whilefitting the data.The bestfit model is obtained by minimizing the quantity4Bertolami et al.Figure3.Confidence contours in theΩk−αparameter space for nonflat unified GCG model.The solid and dashed lines represent the68%and95% confidence regions,respectively.The bestfit value used for M′is-0.033.χ2=194i=1 log10d L obs(z i)−0.2M′−log10d L th(z i;cα)ln101c 2.(9)This correction is more effective at low redshifts,i.e for small val-ues of d L.In our subsequent bestfit analysis,the minimization of(8)is done with respect to M′,α,A s andΩk.The parameter M′is a model independent parameter and hence its bestfit value should not depend on a specific model.We have checked that when min-imizing(8)with respect to M′,the bestfit value for M′for all of the models considered here is−0.033which is also consistent with that obtained by Choudhury&Padmanabhan(2003).Hence, in our subsequent analysis,we shall use always this bestfit value, M′=−0.033.3.1Flat caseFor this case,we assumeΩk=0and consider only two parame-ters,αand A s.Wefirst restrictαto be≤1.In Figure1,we have shown the68%and95%confidence contours inα−A s parameter space.The bestfit values for[α,A s]are given by[0.999,0.79]. The bestfit value ofαis very close to its upper limit since the actual bestfit value lies in the region beyondα=1.Also,up to 68%confidence level,theα=0,i.e.theΛCDM case,is excluded although it is consistent at95%confidence level.Next we allowαto vary for a wider range.The Figure2repre-sents the same as Figure1but withαtaking a wider range.The best fit values for[α,A s]are now[3.75,0.936].This high value ofαmight just be a statisticalfluke though,as the confidence regions ex-Figure4.Same as Figure3,but in theΩk−A s parameter space. hibit a very shallow valley along theαdirection.Here,also at68% confidence level,theα=0,ΛCDM case,is excluded,although it is consistent at95%confidence level.It should be noted that both Choudhury&Padmanabhan(2003)and Tonry et al.(2003)also found some conflict between theΛCDM model and the SN Ia data, namely,that when imposing aflat Universe prior,the data ruled out the vacuum energy as an allowed dark energy component,and ac-tually favoured a phantom energy component.Here we see that the GCG modelfits the data well,and,as mentioned previously,with-out the theoretical complications that plague the phantom energy model,namely the dominant energy condition is not broken,and there is no big rip singularity in the future.It is also clear from the minimum value forχ2obtained in these two cases,that when one allows to varyαbeyond1,one obtains a betterfit to the Supernova data.3.2Non-flat caseAnother problem that theΛCDM has with the new SN Ia data is that without aflat prior,aflatΛCDM Universe has also been ruled out at68%confidence(Choudhury&Padmanabhan2003).Tonry et al.(2003)argued that this was probably due to some overlooked systematic error,since a small systematic error of0.04mag was able make theflatΛCDM consistent with the data.Here we attempt tofind if the GCG model might alleviate this problem.For this,we allow a non-vanishing curvature in our model. We now have three parameters in our model namely,α,A s and the density parameter for the curvature at present,Ωk.First we assume that our Universe deviates slightly from theflat model assumingΩk to vary between[-0.1,0.1].In this case the bestfit values forα,A s andΩk are[2.87,0.89,-0.099].It suggests that the data prefers a negative curvature.In Figure3,we have shown the68%and95% confidence contours in theΩk-αplane assuming the bestfit value for A s,whereas in Figure4,we have shown the same contours in theΩk-A s plane assuming the bestfit value forα.Bothαand A s are constrained significantly and68%confi-dence limits onαand A s are[1.63.625)]and[0.8560.946)]re-spectively.It shows that the data prefers higher value forαand the ΛCDM limit(α=0)is excluded,both for68%and95%confi-dence limit.Also one can see from bothfigures that theflat cases0.81],respectively.Also the allowed range forαshifts more sig-nificantly towards smaller values and data do allow the model to get closer toΛCDM(α=0.052)as well as to the Chaplygin gas model(α=1).In Figure5,we have shown the68%and95%confidence con-tours inΩk-αplane assuming the bestfit value for A s,as well as for its values in the wings of68%confidence limit.It shows that the allowed range is quite sensitive to the parameter A s.For smaller values of A s(but within its68%confidence limit)theflat model (Ωk=0)is more inconsistent with the data and negative curvature is preferred.But for higher values of A s,e.g A s=0.81whichIn Figure6,we have shown the same contours but now in the Ωk-A s plane assuming the best values forαas well as its values at the wings of the68%confidence limit.Figure(6c)is forα=0.052 which is almost aΛCDM model,and it is quite similar to what ob-tained by Choudhury&Padmanabhan(2003)for aΛCDM model. It shows that model that behaves more likeΛCDM(α=0.052) is inconsistent with aflat universe at68%confidence level.On the other hand,model that deviates more from theΛCDM model,Fig-ure(6a)and(6b),is consistent with theflat universe with better confidence level.Like Figure5,it again shows that even if one does6Bertolami et al.Table 1.SNAP specifications for a two year period of observations.Redshift IntervalNumber of SNe0.20.40.60.81m ;1 A s0.250.50.7511.251.51.752Β;ΑFigure 7.Expected confidence regions for SNAP for a GCG fiducial model with 1−A s =0.25and α=1.The solid and dashed lines represents the 68%and 95%confidence regions respectively.The left contours are for GCG and the right ones are for XCDM.For GCG,the parameter space is 1−A s Vs.αwhereas for XCDM,it is Ωm Vs.β.We have marginalized over M .not take a flat prior,unlike the ΛCDM model,flat GCG model is consistent with the supernova data up to 68%confidence level.4EXPECTED SNAP CONFIDENCE REGIONS 4.1MethodTo find the expected precision of a future experiment such as SNAP,one must assume a fiducial model,and then simulate the experi-ment assuming it as a reference model.This allows for estimates of the precision that the experiment might reach [see Silva &Berto-lami (2003)and references therein for a more detailed description of the method employed here].Let us then assume a fiducial model and functions χ2based on hypothetical magnitude measurements at the various redshifts.In this case,χ2(model )=z maxz i =0m model (z i )−m fid (z i ) 21.5z ,(11)which are measured in magnitudes such that at z =1.5the sys-tematic error is 0.02mag,while the statistical errors for m are es-timated to be σsta =0.15mag.We place the supernovae in bins of width ∆z ≈0.05.We add both kinds of errors quadraticallyσmag (z i )=n i,(12)where n i is the number of supernovae in the i ′th redshift bin.The distribution of supernovae in each redshift bin is,as before,taken from Weller &Albrecht (2002),and shown in Table I.Summarizing,for each fiducial model,the method used,con-sists in the following(i)Choose a fiducial model.(ii)Fit the XCDM model to the mock data,and obtain the re-spective confidence regions.(iii)Repeat the previous step to the GCG.4.2ResultsIn Figures 7to 9we show the confidence contours for the GCG and XCDM model for future SNAP observation taking different fiducial models.In all these Figures β≡−ωx .Also,along x-axis in all of these figures,we have plotted 1−A s (instead of A s asGCG and recent Supernova data70.20.40.60.81m ;1 A s0.250.50.7511.251.51.752Β;ΑFigure 9.Same as figure 7,but for a ΛCDM fiducial model with Ωm =0.30.1−A s represents Ωm when α=0)for the GCG and Ωm for the XCDM.As mentioned above,our main aim is to explicitly show that a GCG Universe might appear as a XCDM Universe with a dark energy component that has a phantom-type equation of state.To do so,we have considered two fiducial models.The first corresponds to a Chaplygin model (α=1),with 1−A s =0.25.If one attempts to fit a XCDM model to the data (Figure 7),one finds that data favour a larger amount of matter than expected and a phantom-type dark energy component.This is fully consistent with Figure 13of Tonry et al.(2003).To further examine the degeneracy between models,in Fig-ure 8we have repeated the procedure assuming a XCDM fiducial model,with Ωm =0.49and β=1.55(w =−1.55).From ex-amining Figures 7and 8,one can see that both models appear es-sentially identical.Also for GCG,the confidence regions for both fiducial models are quite identical to what we have shown earlier in Figure 2for the current Supernova data.In Figure 9we used a fiducial ΛCDM model,with Ωm =0.3.As can be seen,the confidence regions are completely different from those found in the two previous cases.Also,for the GCG model the confidence regions are quite different from what we have earlier in Figure 2for the current Supernova data,further hinting that indeed the ΛCDM model is not a good description of the Uni-verse.To illustrate the degeneracy between the GCG model and the XCDM model with a phantom like equation of state (ωx <−1),we Taylor expand the luminosity distance as,d L =c2z 2−1dz|0.(14)For the GCG model,one can calculate q 0anddq2(1−A s )−1dq2A s (1−A s )(1+α),(15)whereas for XCDM model they turn out to beq DE 0=3dz|DE 0=9dz |0has to be equal for the twoing this together with the equation (17),one finds that ωx =−α(1−A s )−1Ωm=(1+α)(1−A s )respectively.The values for the parameters of these models used in the plot are given in the main text.A s=0.936)respectively.We have actually plotted the streched D L/z as function of redshift in order to graphically show the de-generacy.5CONCLUSIONSWe have analyzed the currently available194supernova data points within the framework of the generalized Chaplygin gas model,re-garding GCG as a unified candidate for dark matter and dark en-ergy.We have considered both,flat and non-flat cases,and used the bestfit value for M=−0.033which is independent of a specific model,throughout our analysis.For thefirst time,we have crossed theα=1limit for the GCG model and try to see whether the data actually allow it or not.For theflat case,we have studied both cases,restrictingαto the range0≤α≤1and also without any restriction on the upper limitα.From Figures1and2,it is quite clear that data favours α>1,although there is a strong degeneracy inα.Also the quality offit improves substantially as one relaxes theα=1restriction. Moreover,the minimum values allowed forαand A s at68%con-fidence level are[0.78,0.778],which excludes theα=0,ΛCDM case,although there is no constrain onαat95%confidence level.Moreover,if one does not assume aflat prior for the analy-sis,our study shows that theflat GCG model forαvalues suffi-ciently different from zero,is consistent with the Supernova data up to68%confidence level.It also allows small,both positive and negative curvature,making the GCG a somewhat better description than theΛCDM model.This is consistent with recent result which shows that without aflat prior,aflatΛCDM model,which is oth-erwise consistent with different cosmological observations,is not a goodfit to the supernova data(Choudhury&Padmanabhan2003). Moreover,the fact that GCG is a betterfit to the Supernova data thanΛCDM,is consistent with the result of Alam et al.(2003),also have reconstructed a similar kind of evolving equation of for the dark energy from the latest Supernova data.We have also studied the confidence contours for a GCG and model expected from the future SNAP observation assum-differentfiducial universes.In this regard,the degeneracy be-the GCG model and a phantom-like dark energy scenario has obvious in Section4,where we have shown that whenfitting model to a GCG universe,the data will favour a phan-energy component,and vice-versa.This degeneracy is also il-analytically through the expression for the luminosity dis-d L as function of redshift.We have shown that for higher red-GCG model is completely degenerate with a XCDM modela phantom type of constant equation of state.We mention thatalready been noted in Maor et al.(2002)that time varying of state might be confused with phantom energy,and we show that this is true for the GCG,without breaking the energy condition and without a big rip singularity in the It should also be noted that with the exception of a cosmo-constant,most dark energy models predict a time varyingof state,therefore a constant dark energy equation of state not be the best parametrization for dark energy.We have alsothat for aΛCDMfiducial model,confidence regions for a model,which are expected from future SNAP experiment, are quite different from what we have shown in Section3.1,sug-gesting that SN Ia data does not favour theΛCDM model.Thus,our study shows that the generalized Chaplygin gas model is a very goodfit to the latest Supernova data both with or without aflat prior.With future data,one expects the error bars to be reduced considerably,but we still expect that Supernova data will favour a generalized Chaplygin gas model with high confidence.AcknowledgmentsO.B.acknowledges the partial support of Fundac¸˜a o para a Ciˆe ncia e a Tecnologia(Portugal)under the grant POCTI/FIS/36285/2000. 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