OTA Integration Guide for Android

Android测试工程师的自动化测试框架选择自动化测试框架是Android测试工程师日常工作中必不可少的工具之一，选择适合的自动化测试框架对于提高测试效率和质量具有重要意义。

本文将介绍几种常见的Android自动化测试框架，并讨论它们的优缺点，以便Android测试工程师在选择时能够根据实际需求作出明智的决策。

1. AppiumAppium是一款开源的跨平台自动化测试框架，支持Android和iOS平台的自动化测试。

Appium使用WebDriver协议来驱动手机应用程序，可以通过编写脚本实现各种操作，如点击、输入、滑动等。

优点是支持多种编程语言，如Java、Python、Ruby等；缺点是配置相对复杂，需要连接真机或模拟器来运行测试。

2. EspressoEspresso是Google推出的用于Android应用程序的自动化测试框架，主要用于功能测试和界面测试。

Espresso使用简单，提供了丰富的API来进行UI操作和断言验证，适合在开发阶段快速迭代的场景下使用。

缺点是它只支持Android平台，对于跨平台需求不够灵活。

3. UI AutomatorUI Automator是Google提供的用于Android系统级UI测试的框架，可以对应用程序以及系统应用进行自动化测试。

UI Automator可以实现跨应用的测试，使用起来相对简单，并且提供了强大的UI交互能力。

缺点是编写测试脚本相对繁琐，不够灵活，对于应用程序内部的UI测试不够方便。

4. Robot FrameworkRobot Framework是一款通用的自动化测试框架，支持多种应用程序、平台和编程语言。

它使用关键字驱动的方式编写测试用例，易于学习和使用，并且提供了大量的扩展库来完成各种测试任务。

优点是灵活性高，可扩展性好；缺点是相对于其他框架，学习成本较高。

5. CalabashCalabash是一款适用于Android和iOS应用的自动化测试框架，基于Cucumber和Ruby开发。

Android自动化测试工具的选择与比较Android应用程序的自动化测试在软件开发过程中扮演着重要的角色。

为了保证应用程序的质量和稳定性，开发人员需要选择一个适合他们需求的自动化测试工具。

在本文中，我们将比较几种常见的Android自动化测试工具，并为您提供有关如何选择适合您的项目的建议。

一、UI AutomatorUI Automator是由Google开发的一个基于黑盒测试的自动化测试框架。

它允许开发人员跨应用程序的用户界面元素进行测试。

UI Automator支持Android 4.1及以上的设备，并提供了丰富的API来与设备进行交互。

它的优点是可以通过模拟用户的真实操作来测试应用程序的性能和用户体验。

然而，UI Automator的学习曲线较陡峭，对于新手来说可能需要一些时间来熟悉其使用方法。

二、EspressoEspresso是一个由Google开发的轻量级自动化测试框架，旨在简化Android应用程序的UI测试。

Espresso的主要特点是易于使用和快速执行测试。

它提供了简洁的API用于编写可读性强的测试代码，并且能够处理异步操作和UI事件。

Espresso还集成了多种延时和等待机制，以便于开发人员进行稳定的测试。

然而，Espresso的适用范围相对较窄，主要针对应用程序的单个Activity进行测试。

三、AppiumAppium是一个开源的跨平台自动化测试框架，支持Android和iOS平台。

它使用WebDriver协议来驱动真实的设备和模拟器，可以以多种编程语言编写测试脚本。

Appium的优点是支持网页应用测试和混合应用测试，可以覆盖更广泛的测试场景。

然而，Appium的配置和设置相对复杂，对于初学者来说可能需要一些技术知识和经验。

四、Robot FrameworkRobot Framework是一个通用的自动化测试框架，支持多种应用程序和系统的测试。

它具有可扩展性、易用性和灵活性的特点。

Android Auto ™Models with Display AudioConnect a compatible Android phone to the system. You can use the touchscreen to make a phone call, listen to music, and more. Visit the Android Auto website for more information.Park in a safe place before connecting your Android smartphone and launching any compatible apps.1.Connect the phone to the front (right side *1) USB port. Compatible Android phones will prompt you to download any required apps.2.Select Enable or Disable.3.Follow any prompts shown on your phone.4.The phone will be automatically paired. A tutorial will appear on the vehicle screen.5.Select a menu option.1.Maps (Navigation): View Google Maps and operate navigation. You can only use this system or the pre-installed navigation system to set a destination with routing guidance. You cannot enter destinations using the keyboard while the vehicle is moving.2.Phone: Make phone calls or listen to voicemail.3.Home (Google Now): Display useful information organized by Android Auto into simple cards that appear only when needed.4.Music: Play music from compatible apps. Select this icon to switch between music apps.5.Return to HOME screen: Displays a menu with an option to return to the vehicle system HOME screen.6.Voice: Use voice commands via Google Voice Search to operate Android Auto. You can also press and hold the Talk button on the steering wheel (see Steering Wheel Controls) to say voice commands.*1 - If equipped AUDIO AND CONNECTIVITYAUDIO AND CONNECTIVITY Depending on use, Android Auto can share certain vehicle information (e.g., vehicle location, speed, and other operating conditions) with Google and its service providers. See Google privacy policy for details regarding Google’s use and handling of data uploaded by Android Auto. Use of Android Auto is at user’s own risk, and is subject to agreement to the Android Auto terms of use, which are presented to the user when the Android Auto application is downloaded to the user’s Android phone. Android Auto vehicle integration is provided “as is,” and Honda cannot guarantee Android Auto operability or functionality now or in the future due to, among other conditions, changes in Android Auto software/Android operating system, service interruptions, or incompatibility or obsolescence of vehicle-integrated hardware or software. See dealer for details. Only use Android Auto when conditions allow you to do so safely. See your Owner’s Manual at (U.S.) or myhonda.ca (Canada) for further license and warranty terms.。

手机OTA(增量包)本地包升级操作指导目录一确认手机系统版本 (3)二OTA升级操作手册 (4)(一) OTA升级（V1.0~V1.5）操作手册 (4)步骤一下载OTA升级包 (4)步骤二OTA升级（压缩包不需要解压） (5)步骤二升级成功后版本确认 (9)注意事项 (10)(二) OTA升级（V0.9.5~V1.0）操作手册 (11)步骤一下载OTA升级包 (11)步骤二OTA升级（压缩包不需要解压） (11)步骤二升级成功后版本确认 (16)注意事项 (17)(三) OTA升级（V0.9.3~V0.9.5）操作手册 (18)步骤一下载OTA升级包 (18)步骤二OTA升级（压缩包不需要解压） (18)步骤二升级成功后版本确认 (23)(四) OTA升级（V0.7.1~V0.9.3）操作手册 (24)步骤一下载OTA升级包 (24)步骤二OTA升级（压缩包不需要解压） (24)步骤二升级成功后版本确认 (29)(五) OTA升级（V0.6.5~V0.7.1）操作手册 (30)步骤一下载OTA升级包 (30)步骤二OTA升级（压缩包不需要解压） (30)步骤二升级成功后版本确认 (35)(六) OTA升级（V0.5.4~V0.6.5）操作手册 (36)步骤一下载OTA升级包 (36)步骤二OTA升级（压缩包不需要解压） (36)步骤二升级成功后版本确认 (41)一确认手机系统版本手机拨号键*#6776# 下拉至最后查看OTA Version1.若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202206292020，表示为最新版本，无需进行升级操作2.若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202111051824，参考【OTA升级（V1.0~V1.5）操作手册】3.若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202110161643，参考【OTA升级（V0.9.5~V1.0）操作手册】4.若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202109150203，参考【OTA升级（V0.9.3~V0.9.5）操作手册】5.若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202108022150，参考【OTA升级（V0.7.1~V0.9.3）操作手册】6.若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202106121902，表示需要进行两次升级首先参考【OTA升级（V0.6.5~V0.7.1）操作手册】再参考【OTA升级（V0.7.1~V0.9.3）操作手册】7.若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202105101815，表示需要进行三次升级首先参考【OTA升级（V0.5.4~V0.6.5）操作手册】升级手机系统版本到PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202106121902其次参考【OTA升级（V0.6.5~V0.7.1）操作手册】最后参考【OTA升级（V0.7.1~V0.9.3）操作手册】8.若版本号为PDEM30_11_A.01_001_202104081724，表示该版本不支持升级操作（如要升级请联系技术人员将手机寄回升级）二OTA升级操作手册(一)OTA升级（V1.0~V1.5）操作手册步骤一下载OTA升级包1.进入开发者网站V1.5版本，找到升级指导书下的OTA升级包链接下载注意：OTA升级包如上图（1.0-1.50ota.zip）仅支持V1.0升级到V1.5版本步骤二OTA升级（压缩包不需要解压）1.将OTA增量升级包使用adb push命令导入到手机根目录或新建一oplus_ota_local目录将OTA包导入到oplus_ota_local下：注意：1. OTA升级包不要解压直接将压缩包导入到手机；2. 注意OTA包电脑端存放的路径不要有中文，否则容易导致导入的包不完整或出错；2.OTA包导入完成后，进入文件管理器中查看导入包的大小是否与电脑端一致，格式是否为zip格式，如下图：或3.手机连接电脑，执行adb命令：adb reboot recovery，手机进入recovery模式：4. 选择语言后进入ColorOS恢复模式界面，选择安装升级文件：5. 在安装升级文件界面点击从手机存储安装6.选择导入的OTA包，弹出确认弹框7.弹出确认弹框后，点击确定后进入升级过程：8.升级成功后弹出安装成功的提示弹框，点击重启，手机自动重启：步骤二升级成功后版本确认1.重启后，拨号键*#6776#确认手机系统版本是否升级成功若版本号为PDEM10_11.D.01_001_202206292020，则表示系统升级成功2.确认OppoXR版本是否升级成功手机-->设置-->应用管理-->应用列表-->OppoXR-->应用信息-->查看版本号若版本号为：版本OPPO_XR_202206291619，则表示OppoXR升级成功注意：OTA升级后若OppoXR版本不是OPPO_XR_202206291619，则OppoXR升级有问题。

安卓自带系统程序对照表*Accountprovider 账号管理器ApkManager.apk APK安装器（即N 多安装器）advancedsettings.apk 高级设置AlarmClock 闹钟AndroidSyncService 系统同步服务AndroidUI 索尼爱立信X10UI界面程序appinstaller.apk app安装器*ApplicationsProvider 程序管理器AutoSettingDispatcher 自动设置修补bootinfo 启动信息Bluetooth.apk 蓝牙（删了就没有蓝牙了） Browser 自带浏览器Bugreport.apk Bug报告btoppservice 蓝牙设置服务Calculator 系统自带计算器Calendar 系统自带日历程序CalendarProvider 系统自带日历管理器*Camera 系统自带相机CapabilitySetupReceiver 接收器安装能力*CertInstaller.apk 证书服务CdfInfoAccessor CDF信息访问器*Contacts 联系人储存CredMgrService CredMgr服务*DefaultContainerService.apk 默认通讯录服务DeskClock.apk 自带闹钟（用第三方闹钟的可删）第 1 页DigitalClock 数字时钟*DownloadProvider 下载管理器*DrmProvider DRM信息管理器SPManager.apk DSP音频管理（兴哥集成在设置里面，我不太使用这个，删了EMAIL 伊妹儿。

Emeual （干什么用的我毫不知情）EnhancedGooglesearchProvider 增强谷歌搜索管理器Fcebook 非死不可FaceRecognition 脸部识别程序（MS里面看照片的时候可以关联联系人）filemanager.apk 文件管理FileCopier 文件复制器Fota FOTA解决方案Generic-app-Installer 全球版的APK安装器GlobalSearch 全球搜索Gmail 谷歌MAILGmailProvider GMAIL管理器Gallery3D.apk 3D浏览器 （嫌弃它速度慢的，可删）GenieWidget.apk 天气与新闻（我自己不用他看新闻，删了）GoogleApps 谷歌程序googlebackuptransport.apkgooglecheckin.apkgooglecheckinhelper.apkGoogleFeedback.apk ***（据说删除后开机会提示googlefeedback.apk，不过我删了没什么第 2 页副作用）googlepartnersrtup.apk Google助手（删了没感觉有特殊）GoogleCalendarSyncAdapter.apk 存储日历信息（删了没感觉有特殊）GoogleContactsSyncAdapter.apk 存储联系人信息（怕影响到联系人未删，但兴哥精简版已经删了）GoogleCheckin 谷歌签入程序GoogleContactsProvider 谷歌联系人管理器GooglePartnerSetup 谷歌好友设置GoogleSearch 谷歌搜索GoogleQuickSearchBox.apk 谷歌搜索（删了影响到桌面的搜索插件）GoogleServicesFramework.apk 同步支持服务（删了不能同步联系人，不能登录google）GoogleSettingProvider 谷歌设置管理器GoogleSubscribedFeedsProvider 谷歌同步管理器 GooglePinyinIME.apk Google拼音（用其他输入法的可删）gtalkservice GTALK服务HTMLViewer HTM查看器hidialer.apk 智能拨号himarket.apk 安卓市场kickback.apk 辅助功能LearningClientLauncher2.apk 2.2原生桌面（用ADW和PRO的可删，删了以后第三方桌面要在开机以后从电脑安装，91，豌豆助手都可）第 3 页LiveWallpapersPicker.apk 动态壁纸（可删，反正G2跑起来不怎么样）im.apk 即使通讯组件包含MSN、yahoo通implugin.apkImProvider gtalk管理器Launcher 主页面程序MAPS 谷歌地图MarketUpdater 电子市场更新程序*MediaProvider 媒体管理器Mediascape 大名鼎鼎的MediascapeMediascapePluginManager Media插件管理器MediaUploader 媒体更新器Metadatacleanup 元数据清除器MMS 短信和彩信程序Moixer 烦人的moixer程序NUSIC 原生音乐播放器nDuoaDialer.apk N多拨号（可删，自带的就可以了）nDuoaMarket.apk N多市场（可删，电子市场对我够了）nDuoaSettings.apk N多设置组件1（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置，兴哥集成在了设置里面）nDuoaSettingsAddon.apk N多设置组件2（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置）nDuoaSettingsHelper.apk N多设置组件3（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置）NetworkLocation 纵横程序，显示地点officesuite office套件，可看PDF第 4 页OneTimeInitializer.apk ***（不明物体，删了没什么副作用）*PackgeInstaller APK安装器PcCompanionInstaller PcCompanion的安装程序，在设置>应用程序>里面就有勾选的选项*Phone 电话程序Phonebook 电话簿PhoneGuard.apk 拨号卫士（可删，类似来电通等的）PicoTts 语音程序Playnowarena PLAY NOW程序Playnowarena_updater PLAY NOW的更新程序 PNPWizard PNP设置向导PrisonBreak.apk 越狱（vpn用的）Protips.apk ***（不明物体，删了无副作用）*QuickMgr.apk 一键设置（长按menu的后弹出的那个，不要删，删了以后长安menu会FC）Readsdcard TF卡的系统读取程序se-support-rachael 索尼爱立信的帮助程序SemcCameraApplication SE照相机增强程序（给自带的照相机加入各种模式）SemcIme 系统自带输入法SemcSetupWiazard 索尼爱立信设置向导SEMCTouchPalChinese 索尼爱立信中文触摸输入法SEMCTouchPalKrea 索尼爱立信韩语触摸输入法 ServiceMenu 服务菜单*Setting 设置程序第 5 页*SettingProvider 设置管理器（储存手机设置里的一些设定）*SetupWizard 第一次开机的开机向导SnsContactImageCacheProvider SNS联系人头像缓存管理器SMSPopup.apk 短信泡泡（就是短信来时弹出的那个，其实就是个弹出框架，可用chomp替换）soundback.apk 辅助功能（可删）SoundRecorder 录音机STK SIM卡工具Street 谷歌地图的街景模式*superuser.apk 超级用户systemupdater.apk 系统升级TALK gtalk主体程序 （可删，删了没有电子市场上）*TelephonyProvider 电话管理器Timescape 大名鼎鼎的TimesacpeTimescapePluginManager Timescape插件管理器 TimescapeProivder Timescape管理器TimesacpeTheme**** 各种颜色的Timescape主题TrackID 有名的TrackIDTerm.apk 超级终端（可删，不过不建议，可以用来刷recovery）TtsService 语音输入服务Updater.apk 在线升级（可删）UserDictionaryProvider 用户字典管理器（就是系统自带输入法的用户自定义词组管理器）第 6 页Vending 电子市场VoiceDialer 语音拨号程序VoiceSearch 语音搜索程序VpnService 虚拟专用网服务WebMediaProvider 网页媒体管理器Wiper 擦除数据程序（恢复出厂设置用的）YouTube 大名鼎鼎的Youtube客户端一种是对固件修改 就还有就是开了ROOT后用 软件去卸载你不想要的 还有就是 用91手机助手的文件 管理 对APP文件夹下的系统程序 精简第 7 页。

android教学大纲Android教学大纲随着移动互联网的快速发展，Android操作系统成为了全球最流行的移动操作系统之一。

作为一名Android开发者，掌握Android开发技术是必不可少的。

而为了帮助初学者系统地学习和掌握Android开发技术，一个完善的Android 教学大纲是非常重要的。

一、Android开发入门1. Android平台简介- Android操作系统的历史和发展- Android操作系统的特点和优势- Android应用生态系统的组成2. Android开发环境搭建- JDK的安装和配置- Android Studio的安装和配置- 创建第一个Android项目3. Android应用基础- Android应用的组成和结构- Android应用的运行机制- Android应用的界面布局二、Android应用开发进阶1. 用户界面设计- Android布局和控件- 常用布局和控件的使用技巧- 用户界面的优化和适配2. 数据存储和管理- Android数据存储方式的选择- SQLite数据库的使用- 文件存储和SharedPreferences的使用3. 多媒体应用开发- 图片、音频和视频的处理- 多媒体应用的开发实践- 多媒体应用的性能优化4. 网络应用开发- 网络通信协议和技术- HTTP请求和响应的处理- 网络应用的安全性和性能优化三、Android应用实战1. 实战项目选题- 根据学生的兴趣和实际需求选择合适的项目 - 项目选题的评估和规划2. 项目开发流程- 项目需求分析和设计- 项目开发和测试- 项目发布和维护3. 项目实施中的常见问题和解决方法- 常见的bug和异常处理- 性能优化和内存管理- 用户反馈和问题解决四、Android开发资源与进阶1. Android开发资源推荐- 官方文档和教程- 开源项目和库- 学习交流平台和社区2. Android开发进阶之路- 深入学习Android框架和原理- 掌握Android开发中的高级技术和工具- 参与开源项目和技术分享总结：通过这个Android教学大纲，学习者可以系统地学习和掌握Android开发技术。

android OTA 简介OTA 全称 over the air , OTA 升级是 Android 系统提供的标准软件升级方式。

它功能强大，提供了完全升级、增量升级模式，可以通过 SD 卡升级，也可以通过网络升级。

这里，首先介绍SD卡升级,网络升级原理和SD卡大致一样.下面我们将介绍这一过程.在升级前,我们要准备升级包,所有编译好的包都命名为update.zip ,不管是增量升级还是完全升级.1.生成完全升级包../mk prj new./mk prj otapackage编译完成之后,将在\out\target\product\prj\目录下生成prj-ota-eng.root.zip ,这个zip将是我们升级用的包,我们要把他改名为update.zip ,然后copy 到SD卡的根目录下. 在运行上面指令的过程中,同时会在 out\target\product\prj\obj\PACKAGING\target_files_intermediates\ 目录下生成prj-target_files-eng.root.zip 这个文件非常重要,我们将他保存为old.zip它是我们做增量包的基础文件.2.生成增量包.当代码有更新时,我们更新新的代码.同样运行./mk prj otapackage 产生代码更改后的完全升级包. 这时同样会在out\target\product\prj\obj\PACKAGING\target_files_intermediates\ 目录下生成prj-target_files-eng.root.zip我们把它重命名为new.zip ,接下来我们完成生成增量包的最后一步.运行./build/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files -i old.zip new.zip diff.zip ,产生new.zip 到old.zip 的增量包diff.zip ,同样我们要把它命名为update.zip ,可以copy 到SD卡的更目录下,做增量式升级使用.(备注:如果升级有特殊的要求,比如格式化data 分区,更新uboot等分区,需要修改ota_from_target_files.py 这个脚本)上面的内容介绍了如何准备update.zip 升级文件.接下来介绍升级过程.先说一下正常开机过程, 按power 键开机,uboot 在运行完之后,将把boot 分区的内容boot.img 文件加载到内存,然后跳转到boot中linux内核的开始位置,运行linux 内核代码,在内核的最后执行正常启动时的init.rc 文件,挂载system分区到/system 目录下,挂载data 分区到 /data 目录下.启动虚拟机等相关的一下服务.要升级程序,开机的时候,需要按住power 和下vol 键,这样uboot 在运行完之后将加载recovery分区的recovery.img 文件到内存.现在我们看一下,recovery.img 这个镜像里面有什么内容.详细的内容我们可以查看build/core/makefile 文件,在这个文件里面我们查找 Recovery image ,从这里开始的内容,主要是打包recovery.img 的内容.关于recovery.img的具体内容,说的简单点,就是linux 内核和将\out\target\product\prj\recovery目录打包成ramdisk 的一个镜像的集合.对比正常开机的boot.img镜像,区别为boot.img 里面的ramdisk镜像是out\target\product\prj\root 打包来的.其内核文件是同一个文件. recovery.img 镜像里面的ramdisk 文件系统包含的用于数据升级相关的bin文件,比如gzip,recovery 等重要的程序.在机器加载recovery.img ,执行完内核后,运行recovery 模式下的init.rc 该文件在bootable\recovery\etc\目录下,我们拿它和正常开机的init.rc 文件相比.发现recovery 模式的init.rc 仅仅新建了几个目录,包括sdcard,用于SD卡的挂载点.启动了2个service,一个ueventd,一个recovery的主菜单程序recovery(该文件是bootable\recovery\recovery.c 编程而成),内容非常简单.在recovery 的主界面,选择更新程序后,recovery将会解压update.zip 文件,执行其中的\META-INF\com\google\android\updater-script ,recovery会对脚本进行解析.下面是这个脚本的部分摘录.show_progress(0.500000, 0);format("yaffs2", "MTD", "system");mount("yaffs2", "MTD", "system", "/system");package_extract_dir("recovery", "/system");package_extract_dir("system", "/system");symlink("toolbox", "/system/bin/cat", "/system/bin/chmod","/system/bin/chown", "/system/bin/cmp", "/system/bin/date",......."/system/bin/wipe");set_perm_recursive(0, 0, 0755, 0644, "/system");........show_progress(0.200000, 10);assert(package_extract_file("boot.img", "/tmp/boot.img"),write_raw_image("/tmp/boot.img", "boot"),delete("/tmp/boot.img"));show_progress(0.100000, 0);unmount("/system");(以上脚本为系统自动生成)从脚本可以看到,首先格式化system区分,然后把updata.zip 里面的system目录的内容解压到system 分区.接着修改system分区下文件的权限.最后将boot.img 镜像写回到boot 分区.从以上的介绍,可以看到android 的功能非常强大,在recovery 模式下,linux 已经已经完全跑了起来.除了apk,jar 不能运行之外,你可以做任何你想做的事情.上面的例子中,更新了system分区和boot分区,如果需要还可以更新 uboot分区,logo分区,格式化data 分区等等 .关于OTA的网络实现,实际上是检查网络上的更新,或者网络通知更新.把更新包(update.zip)下载到本地,在用户的选择下,重启机器自动进入recovery模式,执行上面的过程.。

Android OTA升级原理和流程分析Android OTA升级原理和流程分析（一）--update.zip 包的制作这篇及以后的篇幅将通过分析update.zip包在具体Android系统升级的过程，来理解Android系统中Recovery模式服务的工作原理。

我们先从update.zip包的制作开始，然后是Android系统的启动模式分析，Recovery工作原理，如何从我们上层开始选择system update到重启到Recovery服务，以及在Recovery 服务中具体怎样处理update.zip包升级的，我们的安装脚本updater-script怎样被解析并执行的等一系列问题。

分析过程中所用的Android源码是gingerbread0919（tcc88xx开发板标配的），测试开发板是tcc88xx。

这是在工作中总结的文档，当然在网上参考了不少内容，如有雷同纯属巧合吧，在分析过程中也存在很多未解决的问题，也希望大家不吝指教。

一、 update.zip包的目录结构|----boot.img|----system/|----recovery/`|----recovery-from-boot.p`|----etc/`|----install-recovery.sh|---META-INF/`|CERT.RSA`|CERT.SF`|MANIFEST.MF`|----com/`|----google/`|----android/`|----update-binary`|----updater-script`|----android/`|----metadata二、 update.zip包目录结构详解以上是我们用命令make otapackage 制作的update.zip包的标准目录结构。

1、boot.img是更新boot分区所需要的文件。

这个boot.img主要包括kernel+ramdisk。

android ota包校验规则
Android OTA（Over-the-Air）包校验规则是确保设备接收到的更新包是完整且未被篡改的一种机制。

这些规则通常包括以下几个方面：
1. 文件完整性校验，OTA包中的每个文件都会有一个校验和（checksum）或者哈希值，通常使用MD5、SHA-1或SHA-256等算法生成。

在OTA包应用到设备时，系统会重新计算文件的校验和，并与OTA包中的校验和进行比对，以确保文件在传输过程中没有被损坏或篡改。

2. 数字签名验证，OTA包通常会使用数字证书对整个包进行签名，以确保包的完整性和真实性。

设备在接收到OTA包后会验证数字签名的有效性，如果签名无效，则不会应用该OTA包。

这可以防止未经授权的第三方发布虚假的OTA包。

3. 安全引导（Secure Boot），一些设备还会使用安全引导技术，确保只有由授权的密钥签名的软件才能被启动和执行，从而进一步保障系统的安全性。

4. OTA升级服务器的安全性，除了OTA包本身的校验，升级服务器的安全性也至关重要。

服务器需要采取安全措施，防止未经授权的访问和篡改，以确保设备接收到的OTA包是可信的。

总的来说，Android OTA包校验规则涉及文件完整性校验、数字签名验证、安全引导以及升级服务器的安全性等多个方面，以确保设备接收到的更新包是完整、真实且安全的。

这些规则对于保障设备系统的安全性和稳定性至关重要。

Android测试中的UI自动化测试工具推荐在Android测试领域，UI自动化测试工具是至关重要的一环。

它们的目的是通过模拟用户交互来验证应用程序在不同设备和屏幕尺寸下的可靠性和稳定性。

本文将介绍几款在Android测试中被广泛推荐的UI自动化测试工具。

一、Appium：跨平台的自动化测试工具Appium是一款开源、跨平台的自动化测试工具，支持多种编程语言，包括Java、Python、Ruby等。

它可以针对Android和iOS应用进行测试，而且与操作系统解耦，使得测试用例可以在不同平台上重复使用。

Appium使用WebDriver协议进行操作，支持多种自动化框架和测试框架，如JUnit和TestNG。

二、Espresso：Google官方推荐的测试框架Espresso是一个强大的UI测试框架，由Google官方推出并维护。

它专为Android应用程序设计，提供了简单易用的API和丰富的匹配器（Matcher）来组织测试用例。

Espresso支持事件同步和异步操作的优化，能够准确地模拟用户交互，并进行可靠的断言和验证。

三、UI Automator：面向系统级测试的工具UI Automator是Google提供的一种系统级开发测试框架，用于验证Android应用的用户界面。

它提供了一组强大的API，可以访问和操作应用程序中的UI组件。

UI Automator适用于系统级UI测试场景，如跨应用测试、应用间交互和系统设置的测试。

它支持多个设备和多个应用的并行测试，并提供JUnit测试运行器执行测试。

四、Robot Framework：基于关键字的测试框架Robot Framework是一个开源的、通用的自动化测试框架，可以用于Android应用程序的UI自动化测试。

它采用关键字驱动的方式编写测试脚本，非常易读且可维护。

Robot Framework支持多种自动化库和插件，可与其他工具无缝集成，提供了广泛的测试报告和日志。

＊AllowUsbDebuggingCritically。

apk 不可删除,不知道是什么程序,但是估计和USB连接电脑有关。

建议不删除。

AntHalService.apk 选删，无线电服务，跟收音机相关ApplicationsProvider 选删，搜索应用提供商，删除后不能与电脑进行电话本同步等操作*atfwd。

apk 不可删除,未知，我没有删,不知道有什么用的。

BackupAndRestore。

apk 选删，备份与恢复，不重要，感觉没啥用。

BackupRestoreConfirmation.apk 选删，备份还原,不用谷歌备份的留着没啥用BackupRestoreRemoteService。

apk 选删，备份恢复远程服务,与上面两个关联BasicDreams。

apk 选删，休眠模式2、BlackGestureCustom。

apk 选删,建议不删, 黑屏手势，双击开屏，黑屏打开闪光灯等都要这个Blacklist。

apk 选删，来电拦截，用第三方的可以删除BluetoothExt 选删蓝牙相关Browser 选删,游览器,可以用第三方C2U。

apk 选删，虽然不知道什么用,但是我没用删除,看看大小54KB.还是不删除吧. CABLService。

apk 选删,有的说是传感相关有的说是自动调整亮度,但是个人建议不删除。

Calculator 选删，计算器Calendar。

apk 选删，日历。

CalendarProvider。

apk 选删，日历相关，用来添加在日历中添加的事项，备忘等，日历删了就删除吧～CertInstaller。

apk 选删，建议不删除.证书服务,证书再比如使用移动支付这一类可能就会需要删除他主进程后依然会主动加载,不过也不会奔溃，点击设置里面的证书服务会FC Clock 选删，时钟,如果需要闹钟，建议不删。

＊com。

qualcomm。

location.apk 不可删除.高能CPU情景模式,不能删除。

AndroidOTA差分包的生成方法Android OTA差分包的生成方法在make Android系统后，会生成系统的img文件。

make otapackage 会生成sd卡用的全部系统升级包,有260M多。

要生成增量升级包。

需要按以下步骤。

1.mkdir ~/OTA2.source build/envsetup.sh; choosecom 1 1 7 eng3.make;make otapackage4.先将编译生成的out/target/product/msm8660_surf/obj/PACKAGING/target_ files_intermediates/msm8660_surf-tar get_files-eng.xxxx.zip 拷贝并且更名放到目录~/OTA/msm8660_surf-target_files-eng.A.zip1.在代码中产生一些更新2.第二次make;make otapackage3.第二次编译生成的out/target/product/msm8660_surf/obj/PACKAGING/target_files _intermediates/msm8660_surf-tar get_files-eng.xxxx.zip 拷贝并且更名放到目录/OTA/msm8660_surf-target_files-eng.tangzm_B.zip4.-在src根目录下执行./build/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files -i <差分包名>。

这里必须在src根目录下执行,因为ota_from_target_files.py这个脚本里面写定了相对路径的引用文件。

如：./build/tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files -v -t MMC -i~/OTA/msm8660_surf-target_files-eng.A.zip~/OTA/msm8660_surf-target_files-eng.B.zip~/OTA/update.zip~/OTA/update.zip 就是升级用的差分包。

AN4503应用笔记环境传感器：用于Android的硬件抽象层作者：Adalberto Muhuho / Lorenzo Sarchi 前言本应用笔记为将意法半导体环境传感器（气压、湿度、紫外线传感器）成功集成到Linux/Android操作系统提供指南。

2016年3月DocID026411 Rev 1 [English Rev 3]1/26目录AN4503目录1文档概述. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1Android传感器HAL概述 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.1内核 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1.2传感器库 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1.3应用框架 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52测试环境/生态系统 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1将传感器连接到PandaBoard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2Ubuntu 13.04环境的特定设置 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3构建Android KitKat-4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3.1下载软件包 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.3.2使用需要的补丁 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.3.3编译源码 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.3.4烧写image文件到PandaBoard SD卡 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Linux内核空间. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.1环境概述 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.1.1I²C总线初始化补丁 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.1.2I²C_board_info结构补丁 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.1.3platform_data示例 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.1.4重建内核之后 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.2驱动描述 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.2.1如何编译和安装设备驱动 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.2.2从Linux用户空间控制设备驱动 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.3权限设置 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4驱动的输出数据 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4.1数据位置 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.4.2用于读取数据的应用样例 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Android传感器HAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.1概述 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.1.1传感器库 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.2文件 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2/26DocID026411 Rev 1 [English Rev 3]AN4503目录4.3如何编译和安装Android传感器HAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185为测试构建简单apk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 6故障排除 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237关键字 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247.1术语和缩略语 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 8版本历史 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25DocID026411 Rev 1 [English Rev 3]3/26文档概述AN4503 1 文档概述本文档描述如何将意法半导体环境传感器集成到Linux/Android系统。

Android 框架、核心服務與軟硬整合技術Part-3主講：高煥堂3.硬整合技術應用(加盟)--以MTK為例(PS. 本文件是教學講義，並非MTK官方報告)何謂加盟?成功的加盟商業模式:上島：餐飲加盟MTK：硬體加盟MTK + Android : 軟硬整合加盟西遊記的名言：強龍不壓地頭蛇。

加盟商業模式又稱為「強龍/地頭蛇」商業模式。

盟主(被加盟者)就是強龍，而加盟者就是地頭蛇。

軟體加盟之範例(1)Microsoft推出.NET框架(Framework)支持其軟體加盟，讓全球數百萬地頭蛇來開發及行銷.NET應用軟體。

軟體加盟之範例(2)Google推出Android應用框架支持其軟體加盟，讓全球眾多的地頭蛇來開發Android 應用軟體。

軟硬整合加盟模式在Android軟體加盟的潮流下，MTK可順應潮流，將其硬體加盟經驗，移植到軟體加盟上，開創出更為強勢的軟硬整合加盟商業模式。

軟硬整合加盟三部曲Step-1:搭Android順風車，讓全球各地的地頭蛇加盟。

藉由Android框架讓全世界的地頭蛇加盟。

軟硬整合加盟三部曲Step-2:開放給各領域的『小強龍』加盟。

聯合全球各應用領域(Domain)的小強龍，萃取領域知識，擴展Android框架，充實框架內涵，讓MTK的Android 框架活力十足、舉世無雙。

軟硬整合加盟三部曲Step-3: 以精緻軟硬整合，發揮硬體的多樣性及差異化。

正確搭配Android框架，小心避開陷阱：軟體綁住硬體。

以精緻的軟硬整合，提升硬體變動自由度，確保MTK的主導地位。

Summary:軟硬整合加盟的核心工作--提升MTK Android框架的應用專業知識含量。

--MTK硬體平台特色+ MTK Android框架的專業知識，提供給全球廣大地頭蛇最佳素材，支持其無限的創意。

Q&A….Thanks…。

Android应用中常见的UI测试框架对比在当今移动应用开发的领域中，高质量的用户界面（UI）是至关重要的。

为了确保应用程序的UI功能和稳定性，开发人员需要进行UI 测试。

为了简化和自动化这一过程，许多UI测试框架被开发出来。

本文将对常见的Android应用中的UI测试框架进行对比，以帮助开发人员根据自己的需求选择合适的框架。

1. EspressoEspresso是Google官方推荐的UI测试框架，特点是简洁、高效。

它提供了丰富的API和DSL（领域特定语言），可以用于编写复杂的UI测试逻辑。

Espresso的优势在于能够与应用程序直接交互，模拟用户与应用程序的交互过程。

这种交互式的测试方式使得测试用例的编写更加直观和灵活。

此外，Espresso还提供了强大的断言库，方便验证UI的正确性。

2. UI AutomatorUI Automator是另一个由Google开发的UI测试框架，它强调对应用程序的整体功能和用户体验的测试。

与Espresso不同，UI Automator 更专注于跨应用程序、跨设备的测试。

它能够与应用程序以外的UI元素进行交互，例如通知栏、系统设置等。

这使得UI Automator在测试应用程序的系统级功能时非常有用。

3. AppiumAppium是一个跨平台的UI测试框架，不仅适用于Android应用程序，还适用于iOS和Windows应用程序。

Appium基于WebDriver协议，提供了用于编写自动化UI测试的API和工具。

一个重要的特点是，Appium允许使用不同的编程语言来编写测试脚本，如Java、Python和Ruby等。

这使得开发人员可以根据自己的喜好和经验选择合适的编程语言来进行测试。

4. RobolectricRobolectric是一个专门为Android应用程序开发的单元测试框架，它具有模拟Android环境的能力。

相比于前面提到的框架，Robolectric更加侧重于非UI的测试，例如数据处理和逻辑验证。

每次在网站查阅一些android资料时，经常看到一些朋友在网上留言咨询现在国内有哪些a ndroid开发网站/社区，以我本人现在对国内android网站的了解程序，及各个android 网站的关注热度，下面我就有大家大概的罗列一下android开发网站，希望对各个需要帮助的有一定的用处，论坛：1,2./3./4./forums/tag/Android5./yuanmaxiazai/564.html6./cmdn/bbs/thread-21365-1-1.html7./bbs/8,/dev/thread.php?fid-9.html8./10./?page_id=117611./12./index.php13./及android开发中最常遇到的一些问题总结：欢迎转载，转载请注明出自:www:This is the FAQ for the Android forum.General questions∙What Java API is supported by Android? How does it differ from JME?o See hereo Dalvik - Googles tweaked JVM for Android∙Where can I get an SDK? What platforms does it support?o The latest version of the SDK is r20 (for Android versions up to 4.1), and it's available for Windows, OS X and Linuxhere.∙Do I need to buy hardware if I want to start writing applications that run on Android?o You can start writing applications even if you don’t have hardware to run them on. The Android SDK comes with anemulator and all tools necessary for application developmentand deployment.o Another option is the freely available Motodev Studio for Android IDE from Motorola.∙Which hardware devices support Android? Here's an incomplete list: o T-Mobile G1(a.k.a. HTC Dream), myTouch 3G, myTouch 4G, Comet(a.k.a. Huawei Ideos)o HTC Magic, Hero, Tattoo, Droid Eris, Legend, Desire, Evo 4G, Wildfire, Incredible, Aria, Evo 4G, Gratia, Flyer, ChaCha andSalsa, Desire S, Wildfire S and Incredible S, Sensation,Wildfire S, Rezound, Sensation XEo Motorola Dext, Droid / Milestone, Backflip, Motoroi, Cliq / Quench, Cliq 2, Devour, Flipout, XT720, Droid 2, Droid X,Charm, Defy, Defy+, Droid Pro, Droid 2 Global, Droid Bionic,XOOM, Atrix 4G, Droid X2, Droid 3, XOOM 2o Sony Ericsson Xperia X10, Xperia X10 mini, Xperia arc, Xperia Play, Xperia Pro and Xperia Neoo Google Nexus One (only available to Android developers by now), Nexus So LG In TouchMax GW620, Optimus, Optimus 3D, G-Slate tableto Samsung Galaxy i7500, Galaxy Portal i5700, Captivate / Galaxy S, Vibrate, Galaxy S i9000, Galaxy Tab, Galaxy I9003 SL,Vibrant 4G, Galaxy Indulge, Galaxy Tab 10.1, Galaxy S II,Xcover, Galaxy S II Skyrocket, Captivate Glide, Galaxy Note o Garmin-Asus A50o Acer Stream, Iconia Smart, A 200o ZTE Skateo Huawei IDEOS X3 and S7 Slimo Dell Streako Archos 28, 32, 43, 70 and 101, Q9o Asus Transformer Primeo Handset NEWS (and rumors) at AndroidGuyso WikiPedia ist_of_Android_deviceso extensive list at TechCrunch?∙What is Dalvik? How is it different from JVM?o Dalvik is a register based virtual machine optimized to run on a slow CPU,with relatively little RAM and on an OS withoutswap space. Further Reading∙What are the different Media formats supported on Android?o See here∙Where can I publish my Android applications?o Android Market (instructions)o Voeveoo SlideMEo AndAppStoreo AndroLibo Cyrketo AndroidPIT (in German)o AndSpoto AppBraino Aproovo AppsLib (targeted specifically at tablets)o Amazon appstore (in beta)o GetJar (covers other mobile OS as well)∙How can I get insight into how people are using my app?o Integrating the Google Analytics for Android library will provide you with quantitative feedback on your app's usage. ∙I'd like to display ads in my app without having to negotiate it all by myself. What are my options?o AdMob, mobclix, Millennial Media, InMobi and JumpTap are Android-compatible ad networks. Also check out adwhirl,which puts a common interface on top of several networks. ∙What support does Android or Dalvik VM provide for running nativeC code?o In June 2009, Google announced a NDK(Native Development Kit) that gives developers the ability to call into native codefrom Android applications. There is a Google group forNDK-related discussions. At present, Android supports JNIshared libraries written in C or C++ that link with theAndroid versions of libc, libm, libz and OpenGL ES 2.0. Thereare plans to support linking with audio libraries in future. ∙How do I get Android source code?o See this documento You can also browse it online here∙How can I view PDFs and Office documents?o Options include Documents To Go, RepliGo Reader, MultiReader ∙Which Android versions are being used out in the field?o Google tracks the versions that access the Android Market, which should be a useful proxy number.Programming∙Is Android code compiled to a .class file?o The Java bytecode of a compiled class is converted into Dalvik executables or (.dex) files, using the "dx" tool bundled withthe SDK . The application is packaged into .apk file whichare zipped .dex files. The Dalvik virtual machine runs Dalvikexecutables in the apk file. Details of .dex file format canbe found here∙I want to write Android Applications too but dont know where to start?o Try Hello World tutorial.o Read Application Fundamentalso Try sample code distributed with the SDK.∙Do Android projects have deployment descriptors?o AndroidManifest.xml∙My Application throws an Exception, where is the Stack Trace dumped?o Exceptions are written to a log file, named Logcat in the emulator. You can obtain a dump by executing the adb logcatcommand. To write log messages from your application, use thestatic methods of JavaDoc:android.util.Log class(Log.v(),Log.d(), Log.i(), etc.). If you are using Eclipse with ADTplugin, you can open "Logcat" view to see the logged messages.∙What functionality of the actual device can the emulator emulate?o For Emulator How-Tos and limitations, read this ∙How can I send email from an Android application?o See this threado A JavaMail?port has been written for Android and can be found hereo article on sending mail with user interaction ∙javax.xml.xpath is not supported; how can I use XPath anyway?o The jaxen library runs on Android, and works well with DOM objects. Just put its jar file into the "libs" folder of yourproject, and it'll be packaged along with the other classfiles. Starting with Android 2.2, javax.xml.xpath is part ofthe core libraries.∙What options for storing data do I have?o Understanding Android local data store APIs introduces preferences, SQLite, and the internal and external memoryAPIs. See What's Your Preference?part 1and part 2for moreinformation particularly on Preferences.Reference material∙Android Home Page∙Developer Guide∙API ReferenceBooks∙Application Security for the Android Platform by Jeff Six∙by Mark Murphy: Beginning Android, Busy Coder's Guide to Android Development, Busy Coder's Guide to Advanced Android Development, Android Programming Tutorials∙Hello, Android: Introducing Google's Mobile Development Platform by Ed Burnette∙Unlocking Android by Frank Ableson, Charlie Collins, and Robi Sen;the 2nd ed. is called Android in Action∙Professional Android 2 Application Development by Reto Meier ∙Android Wireless Application Development and Sams Teach Yourself Android Application Development in 24 Hours by Shane Conder and Lauren Darcey∙Pro Android Games by Vladimir Silva∙Learn Java for Android Development by Jeff Friesen∙The Android Developer's Cookbook: Building Applications with the Android SDK by James Steele and Nelson To∙Practical Android Projects by Lucas Jordan and Pieter Greyling ∙Android in Practice by Charlie Collins, Michael D. Galpin, and Matthias Kaeppler (early access)∙Pro Android 3: A Developers Handbook by Komatineni, MacLean? and HashimiOther∙Android Developers Blog∙Android Development Wiki∙Article Master Google Android: 40 Tips and Tricks∙Frameworks for developing cross-platform mobile applications: Rhodes, Titanium Mobile, Unity, Corona, Pyxis Mobile ∙The Gingerbread (aka Android 2.3) FAQ∙The Ice Cream Sandwich (aka Android 4.0) FAQ, Android 4.0 upgrade list: Is your device getting Ice Cream Sandwich?。

推荐电子产品的作文In the digital age, electronic products have become an integral part of our daily lives, enhancing our productivity, communication, and entertainment. When recommendingelectronic products, it's essential to consider factors such as functionality, user experience, design, and value for money. Here's a comprehensive guide to some of the top electronic products that are worth considering for various needs.Smartphones:The smartphone market is highly competitive, with brands like Apple, Samsung, and Google offering cutting-edge technology. The iPhone 13 Pro, for instance, is renowned for its exceptional camera quality, powerful A15 Bionic chip, and seamless integration with the Apple ecosystem. For Android enthusiasts, the Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra offers a stunning display, robust performance, and a versatile camera system that supports 8K video recording.Laptops and Tablets:When it comes to laptops, the Dell XPS 13 is a favorite among professionals for its sleek design, powerful performance, and long battery life. For those who prefer the flexibility of a tablet with laptop capabilities, the Microsoft Surface Pro 7 offers a brilliant touchscreendisplay and the versatility of running full desktop applications with the added benefit of a detachable keyboard.Wearable Technology:The Apple Watch Series 7 is a standout in the world of smartwatches, providing health tracking, fitness coaching, and seamless integration with iOS devices. For fitness enthusiasts, the Garmin Forerunner 945 is a GPS watch that offers advanced training metrics and long battery life, making it ideal for endurance athletes.Audio Equipment:For music lovers, the Sony WH-1000XM4 headphones deliver top-notch sound quality with active noise cancellation, making them perfect for travel or focused work sessions. Bose's QuietComfort Earbuds are another excellent choice for those seeking a truly wireless experience with reliable noise reduction.Home Entertainment:The LG C1 OLED TV is a home theater enthusiast's dream, offering incredible picture quality with perfect blacks and vibrant colors. For a more immersive audio experience, the Sonos Arc soundbar provides Dolby Atmos support and a clean, room-filling sound that complements the visual spectacle.Gaming Consoles:Gamers have a plethora of options, but the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X stand out for their high-performance hardware, enabling them to deliver next-gen gaming experiences with stunning graphics and fast load times.Smart Home Devices:The Amazon Echo (4th Gen) is a versatile smart speaker that not only offers high-quality audio but also serves as a hub for controlling other smart home devices through voice commands with Alexa.When recommending electronic products, it's crucial to tailor the suggestions to the user's specific needs and preferences. Whether it's for work, play, or home use, the right electronic product can significantly enhance one's lifestyle, making it an investment worth considering.。

A GUIDE TO NETSUITE EDIINTEGRATIONINTRODUCTIONIf your company operates on NetSuite, you want to utilize it to process as much data as possible. It’s a powerful ERP platform — centralizing all business-critical information will optimize efficiency and deliver a greater return on your investment.Integrating NetSuite with EDI order management can help make your supply chain seamless. When more components of your operation run through a single system, efficiencies are gained, mistakes are dramatically reduced, and you enjoy a solid return on your investment. A true integration partner will not only build a robust solution, they will continue working with you to optimize performance.How will you make it happen without problems? When is the best time to do it? What kind of solution will work for your company? Do you really want to introduce another system in addition to NetSuite? (Good news: with the right integration, you can work exclusively in NetSuite or with software that is connected to NetSuite. It’s up to you.)If you have questions, you’re not alone. The good news? Answers are right here.A NetSuite integration has the potential to provide real benefits — more efficiency, fewer errors, hours of time saved. What’s important is making sure you get the integration that is best for your company and your work flow. To make that happen, make sure you avoid these common pitfalls.SEVEN COMMON NETSUITE INTEGRATION ISSUESIT’S NOT TRULY CUSTOMSome out-of-the-box solutions may be advertised as custom or tailored to your needs.Make sure that’s a legitimate claim. Ask about the Discovery Phase and how theintegration team researches your current work flow. Your integration should let youwork the way you want to work.IT’S BARE BONES WITH NO ROOM TO GROW.There’s no meat on it. It handles EDI, but only the most basic documents. And it doesn’tmerge orders from other channels. As you grow and begin working with new tradingpartners, this becomes even more problematic.IT’S A BLACK BOX.Integration shouldn’t mean you give up control. Was there a mistake on the ASN? Didthat invoice go? For sure? Make sure your integration lets you see everything.THERE’S SUPPOSED TO BE SUPPORT. BUT IT’S NOT EXACTLY SUPPORTIVE.Not every EDI provider has the kind of support your business demands. Make sure thecompany handling your integration can also handle the questions you’ll have.THE INTEGRATION WAS OUTSOURCED. ALONG WITH THE ACCOUNTABILITY.When a third-party vendor is the developer, you don’t know who to hold responsible.Make sure the company you’ll be working with is the company that builds it. After all, ifyour integration winds up running about as smoothly as a ’73 Gremlin, you want to knowwho is going to fix it.YOUR PEOPLE ARE STILL DOING A LOT OF MANUAL DATA ENTRY.Maybe you don’t think you’re doing much of it. But just a few entries per day are costly.Add them up — every business day over the entire year — and the drain on time isextraordinary.OPEN MINDS AREN’T PART OF THE PROCESS.Your NetSuite integration partner should utilize best practice solutions but also bring freshthinking to your project. A true partner will help you find ways to make the integrationseamless and create new efficiencies in your supply chain. 1234567WHAT SHOULD YOU EXPECT FROM AN EDI INTEGRATION?Let’s start with the basics. Your integration should, at an absoluteminimum, merge the most important EDI and eCommerce documentsinto NetSuite. Those documents are:Invoice (EDI 810)Payment (EDI 820)Inventory Sync (EDI 846)Sales Order (EDI 850)Order Acknowledgement (EDI 855)Item Fulfillment (EDI 856)Order Change (EDI 860)Functional Acknowledgment (EDI 997)It may seem obvious that if you’re bringing all your orders into NetSuite, it needs to includethese documents. But not every integration will — some are bare bones. You’ll end up withsome EDI capability within NetSuite but the scope will be limited and you will find yourselfworking outside of NetSuite or manually entering data more often than you expected.Take concrete steps to avoid this. Early in the process, make sure there is clearcommunications about the breadth and depth of the integration. Ask which EDI documentscan be merged, if others can be added easily in the future, and if your orders from othersales channels that don’t require EDI can also be automatically synced into NetSuite. Theintegration process is a complicated one and the results will be far better if you and yourintegration team create clarity from the outset. Think of it like building a house — ask forthe blueprints and pore over them first.If the proposed integration includes only a few of the basic EDI documents, this shouldset off an alarm. Unless you have a business with very straightforward transactions, anintegration with only the basic documents indicates that the company working on theintegration is not fully versed in the process. Be wary — you may end up going throughthe integration and ending up with something that isn’t satisfactory.WILL ORDERS FROM ONLINE MARKETPLACES AND ECOMMERCE STORES BE MERGED SEAMLESSLY?and for many, sales to Internet buyers drive growth. Are these transactions automatically merged into NetSuite post-integration?The rewards of being an omnichannel seller are obvious — more outlets usually translate into more sales. It is also not without challenges. Are your orders from other channels that don’t require EDI automatically synced in NetSuite? Is shipping being handled in the most efficient way possible? Are you able to see the history of an order easily?When you’re bringing in data from different channels, it’s critical that it flows into your NetSuite system in the same format as other information. If you are working with a true integration partner, they will be well-versed in your unique integration requirements and, as a result, additional sales channels can be added easily. It’s just a matter of plugging them in with the connections that make the data work with everything else you’re already doing.WORK THE WAY YOUWANT TO WORKNo two organizations are exactly alike. After all, companies sell different products, manage inventory differently, invoice differently, and ship differently. And that’s justthe start of it. Factor in legacy processes, different workforces, and company location — to name just a few — and it’s obvious that a cookie-cutter integration won’t work. An approach that may have worked for someone else won’t produce optimal results for you. When any company begins a NetSuite integration, a thorough investigation of work flow needs to occur. You and your team should not have to force an integration into NetSuite and adjust the way you work — the right integration is one that is designed around the needs of your company.YOUR EDI REQUIREMENTSARE UNIQUE. HANDLETHEM IN THE MOST COST-EFFECTIVE, EFFICIENT WAY.If you use NetSuite, you know that it’s a powerful platform with extraordinary flexibility. Since both you and trading partners have very specific EDI requirements, you may need to add new documents, records, and fields in your NetSuite system, and an integration can certainly make that happen. The challenge? It becomes expensive to develop and maintain. What’s more, requirements will change or new customers will be added, making it complex and time-consuming to stay current.An experienced integration partner, following initial research of your company and its processes, will offer solutions that are tailored but also cost-effective. Remember — human hours aren’t free. While many companies do want to work entirely in NetSuite, others will choose an integration that allows them to work within their system while seamlessly handling some very specific EDI requirements outside of it.The bottom line is simple: an expert integration partner will make sure you can Work the Way You Want to Work. Here are a few examples of NetSuite integrations that were built to provide seamless workflow with minimal disruption.Complex Organization has Multiple Sales Channels:Needs to Run Everything Through NetSuiteCompany A wanted to merge all EDI and digital commerce data into the NetSuite system it was operating. Everything else in their business was running in NetSuite — it only made sense for EDI and orders from online channels to run through it as well.Their business was complex and they were busy — they did not want to introduce a new application that could slow things down or force staff to learn a different way of operating. For them, the goal was clear: maximum NetSuite, zero anything else.The Discovery Team studied their workflow, asking questions and determining preferences. They learned that Company A was also using NetSuite as its WMS, which meant it needed warehouse personnel to be able to log into NetSuite and retrieve documents.Armed with the necessary information, the integration went like this.Order is received (EDI 850 or an online order) in NetSuite. The warehouse is notified, packages the order, and ships it — all within NetSuite. The inventory is automatically synced.At the same time, Lingo automatically pulls the ASN (EDI 856) or, if it’s an online order, the tracking number. But that happens behind the scenes — nobody at Company A needs to log into Lingo or leave NetSuite to do it.If it’s an EDI transaction, an invoice is created in NetSuite, automatically and seamlessly pulled into Lingo, and then sent to the retailer. Again, nobody at Company A has been forced to work outside of NetSuite. Lingo is hard at work the whole time, running validation checks and sending notifications if a document is not sent. But the people at Company A never have to leave NetSuite or log into Lingo.All Data Merged into NetSuite with the ControlPanel Used for Speed and EfficiencyCompany B was NetSuite-centric but wanted to take advantage of the Shipping Connector that Lingo offers. It ships a lot of orders and being able to connect directly to FedEx and UPS would make that process far more efficient.NetSuite remains at the heart of their system, and is the critical reporting tool — keeping track of inventory, receiving and verifying orders, confirming fulfillment. But the actual fulfillment is handled through the Lingo Control Panel. That adds speed — hundreds of documents can be processed at once and tracking numbers can be automatically updated. For Company B, this integration is the most efficient way to manage both EDI transactions and online orders. The people at Company B can still rely almost entirely on NetSuite, and only need to log into Lingo to create shipping labels.There is another important advantage this integration provides. When the order is ready to ship, the warehouse logs into Lingo to fulfill it. Since they are in Lingo and not NetSuite, they don’t have access to all your vital business information that resides in NetSuite. This means they can see everything they need — and nothing they don’t. For many, especially when working with a 3PL, it’s a measure of added security.If it’s an online order, Lingo pushes the tracking number to NetSuite. If it’s an EDI transaction, the ASN (856) will be merged into NetSuite. The Lingo validation checks will catch errors — any mistakes can be viewed and easily corrected within Lingo. Invoices are created in NetSuite — a process that can be automated with the ASN — before being pushed back into Lingo and sent to the retailer or the online buyer.Order Information Connected to a 3PL with Data fromthe WMS Flowing Back into NetSuiteLike Company A, Company C wanted to work entirely in NetSuite. What’s different is they have a 3PL with its own WMS.After the workflow was examined, the integration was developed to match it.Orders — EDI or online — are received in NetSuite. Once verified, the order is pushed to the WMS through an API. When the warehouse is ready to fulfill the order, the WMS pushes fulfillment data back into NetSuite via the API, and simultaneously sends an EDI 945 document with a tracking number back to Lingo.Lingo sends the ASN to the retailer or tracking info to the online platform. Meanwhile, in NetSuite, the invoice can be created, merged back into Lingo, and sent to the retailer or internet shopper.CONCLUSIONA NetSuite integration, done well, can provide tremendous ROI. The supply chain becomes more efficient, errors are virtually eliminated, and costs are significantly reduced.Before you undertake an integration, make sure you ask the right questions of the provider. Does it let you work the way you want to work? Will development be outsourced to a third-party or done in-house? Can it merge information from EDI transactions and orders that arrive through online channels?Your company is unique — any integration should be a custom fit. Make sure the team you work with takes the time to understand your processes and builds exactly what your company needs.To learn more, reach out to one of our NetSuite integration specialists. Call 877-765-3564 or send an email to *********************** and tell us about your needs.。