Immune function of erythrocytes in patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extre

调节性T细胞在变应性鼻炎免疫应答中的作用①罗超曾佐静彭顺林（成都中医药大学附属医院耳鼻喉科，成都 610075）中图分类号R765.22 文献标志码 A 文章编号1000-484X（2023）04-0879-06［摘要］调节性T（Treg）细胞是CD4+T细胞的一个小而关键的亚群，具有维持免疫稳态的作用，诸多研究已证明Treg 在过敏性气道疾病中具有巨大的治疗潜力，在免疫抑制和炎症气道的恢复中起至关重要的作用。

在变应性鼻炎（AR）中，Treg 可抑制第2组先天淋巴细胞、辅助性T细胞、肥大细胞、树突状细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和B细胞，从而维持耐受性机制。

本综述回顾总结了目前关于Treg在AR中如何调节过敏原引发的免疫应答和维持耐受性机制，对充分利用Treg生物学知识为临床防治AR提供重要参考。

［关键词］变应性鼻炎；调节性T细胞；免疫应答Effect of regulatory T cells in immune response of allergic rhinitisLUO Chao，ZENG Zuojing，PENG Shunlin. Department of Otolaryngological，Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Chengdu 610075， China［Abstract］Regulatory T （Treg） cells are a small and key subgroup of CD4+T cells， which have the function of maintaining immune homeostasis. Many studies have proved Treg has great therapeutic potential in allergic airway diseases， and plays an important role in immunosuppression and the recovery of inflammatory airway. In allergic rhinitis （AR）， Treg inhibits group 2 innate lympho‐cytes，T helper cells，mast cells，dendritic cells，eosinophils and B cells to maintain tolerance mechanisms. In the paper，we re‐viewed the current situation of Treg in AR how to regulate the immune response and maintain tolerance mechanism caused by aller‐gens， which provides important knowledge for the clinical prevention and treatment of AR.［Key words］Allergic rhinitis；Regulatory T cells；Immune response变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）是由环境和遗传共同作用导致的鼻黏膜非感染性炎症疾病，其发生发展是多基因、多因素参与的多阶段演变过程。

308细胞与分子免疫学杂志（Chin J Cell M ol Immunol)2021，37(4)•论著•文章编号：1007-8738(2021 )04>0308"07扎伊尔埃博拉病毒糖蛋白泛m h c n限制性表位预测及验证刘洋1A，孙昊1△，陆振华2,兰明福、许家豪、孙报增\姜东伯杨琨W(空军军医大学，基础医学院免疫学教研室，2军事预防医学系军队防疫与流行病学教研室，陕西西安710032)[摘要]目的生物信息学预测获得埃博拉病毒（E B0V)糖蛋白泛主要组织相容性复合体n(MHC I I)限制性优势表位，分析 其特征并筛选鉴定可用于疫苗研制的候选对象。

方法通过IEDB分析预测EBOV糖蛋白的优势表位，并对优势表位进行聚类 分析，保守性分析和分子对接。

同时，利用编码糖蛋白DNA的质粒PVAX-GP免疫小鼠，酶联免疫斑点试验（ELISpot)验证预测 获得的表位。

结果在构成人群覆盖率达99%的人类白细胞抗原n(HLA I I)超家族限制性15表位肽预测中筛选获得19个优 势表位，H-2筛选获得13个优势表位。

ELISpot结果显示PVAX-GP可诱导小鼠脾细胞产生针对合成优势表位的细胞免疫反应，其中表位LFLRATTELRTFSIL和GYYSTTIRYQATGFG在C3H小鼠体内具有显著激活细胞免疫反应的效果。

保守性分析结果中 存在种间和种内均保守的优势表位，不存在种内不保守而种间保守的优势表位。

分子对接显示实验鉴定的两条优势表位可在 人HLA II类超家族分子中均可获得良好的对接分数，进一步肯定其在人群免疫中应用的可行性。

结论多肽LFLRATTELRTF­SIL 和GYYSTTIRYQATGFG 可作为EB0V 表位疫苗的候选表位。

[关键词]扎伊尔埃博拉病毒(EB0V);泛主要组织相溶性复合体II (pan-MHC II )限制性表位；表位预测；保守性分析；分子对接 [中图分类号]R373.9, R392. 1[文献标志码]APrediction and verification of pan-MHC II restricted epitopes in the glycoprotein of Zaire Ebola virusLIU Yang I A,SUN Hao1A ,LU Zhenhua', Lan Mingfu' ,XU Jiahao1,SUN Baozeng' ,JIANG Dongbo1*, YANG Kun'*1 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, X i’an 710032，China* Corresponding authors, E-mail：*******************.cn；**************************[A b s tra c t] Objective To analyze the characteristics of pan-MHC n restricted dominant epitopes of Ebola virus glycoprotein and identify candidate epitopes for vaccine development by bioinformatic prediction and downstream analysis. Methods The dominant epitopes of Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein were predicted by using lEDB-recommended prediction tool and analyzed by cluster analysis, conservation analysis, and molecular docking. Mice were immunized with the plasmid pVAX-GP encoded glycoprotein DNA, and the predicted epitopes were verified by ELISpot assay. Results There were 19 and 13 dominant epitopes obtained from the prediction of restricted 15-mer epitopes binding to the HLA n superfamily with 99% population coverage and the H-2, respectively. ELISpot assay showed that pVAX-GP induced mouse spleen cells to produce cellular immune responses against synthetic dominant epitopes, among which epitopes LFLRATTELRTFSIL and GYYSTTIRYQATGFG significantly activated cellular immune response in C3H mice. The results of conservation analysis showed that there were dominant epitopes of inter-species conservation and intra-species conservation, yet there were no dominant epitopes of inter-species conservation but no intra-species conservation. Molecular docking showed that the two dominant epitopes identified in the experiment obtained good docking scores in binding to HLA n superfamily molecules, which further confirmed the feasibility of their application in human immunity. Conclusion The polypeptides LFLRATTELRTFSIL and GYYSTTIRYQATGFG can be used as candidates for the Ebola virus epitope vaccine.[Key words] Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) ；pan-MHC II restricted epitope；epitope prediction；conservation analysis；molecular ctocking收稿日期：2021 >014)3;接受日期：202(M)3-10基金项目：国家自然科学基金（82073154, 81772763)作者简介：刘洋（丨996-),女，陕西西安人，硕士研究生T el：155****0301；E-mail：844702157@A同为第一作者* 通讯作者，杨現，E-mail: yangkunkun@fm m ;姜东伯，E-mail: **************************4期刘洋，等.扎伊尔埃博拉病毒糖蛋白泛M HC n限制性表位预测及验证309扎伊尔埃博拉病毒（Zaire Ebola virus)通常称为 埃博拉病毒（£1)〇13^〇«,£80¥),是一种非节段负链RNA病毒。

分析血液的英语作文Blood is a vital component of the human body. It is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients tovarious parts of the body, ensuring their proper functioning. The composition of blood is diverse,consisting of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Each component plays a unique role in maintaining our overall health.Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. Without red blood cells, our organs and tissues would not receive the oxygen they need to function properly.White blood cells, or leukocytes, are essential for our immune system. They help to fight off infections and diseases by identifying and destroying harmful pathogens. There are several types of white blood cells, each with itsown specific function. For example, neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are responsible for engulfing and destroying bacteria.Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, play a crucial role in blood clotting. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets rush to the site to form a clot and prevent excessive bleeding. This process is essential for wound healing and preventing life-threatening hemorrhages.Plasma is the liquid component of blood, making up about 55% of its total volume. It is a yellowish fluid that contains water, proteins, hormones, and waste products. Plasma carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, helping to maintain homeostasis.Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The most common blood types are A, B, AB, and O. Blood type O is considered the universal donor, as it can be transfused to individuals with any blood type. On the other hand, individuals with blood type AB are considered universalrecipients, as they can receive blood from any blood type.In conclusion, blood is a complex and vital fluid that plays a crucial role in maintaining our overall health. Its diverse components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma, work together to ensure the proper functioning of our organs and tissues. Understanding the composition and functions of blood is essential for medical professionals and individuals alike.。

广东化工2021年第8期ꞏ166ꞏ第48卷总第442期人工重组促红细胞生成素的药物治疗及免疫耐药的研究进展赵芪，刘艳姝*，刘红艳(佳木斯大学附属第一医院，黑龙江佳木斯154000)[摘要]重组促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin，EPO)是一种含165个氨基酸的糖蛋白，作为一种细胞因子和生长因子，可以影响多个器官。

除了促进红细胞生成外，对非红细胞也有细胞保护作用。

自重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)的开发以来，肾性贫血的治疗发生了革命性的变化，但是关于应用促红细胞生成素不良反应的报道日益增多。

所以进一步研究促红细胞生成素的药物作用和免疫耐药及不良反应对肾性贫血的治疗有非常重要的意义。

[关键词]药物治疗；免疫耐药；造血作用；非造血作用；不良反应[中图分类号]TQ[文献标识码]A[文章编号]1007-1865(2021)08-0166-02Research progress of Drug therapy and Immune resistance of ArtificialRecombinant ErythropoietinZhao Qi,Liu Yanshu*,Liu Hongyan(The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University,Jiamusi154000,China)Abstract:Erythropoietin(EPO)is a glycoprotein with165amino acids.As a cytokine and growth factor,it can affect many organs.In addition to promoting erythropoiesis,it also has cytoprotective effect on non erythrocytes.Since the development of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO),revolutionary changes have taken place in the treatment of renal anemia,but,there are more and more reports about the adverse reactions of erythropoietin.Therefore,further study of erythropoietin drug effect and immune resistance and adverse reactions is of great significance for the treatment of renal anemiaKeywords:Drug therapy；Immune resistance；Hematopoiesis；Non hematopoiesis；Adverse reactions肾脏疾病(CKD)是一个全球性的健康问题，其发病率和流行率不断上升。

Vertebrate Blood SmearAs I examined the vertebrate blood smear under the microscope, I was struck by the intricate beauty and complexity of the cells that make up this vital fluid. The red blood cells, or erythrocytes, were the most abundant and easily recognizable. Their biconcave shape allows for efficient oxygen transport,essential for the survival of the organism. Each cell seemed to pulsate with life, carrying out its crucial function with precision and grace. Next, I turned my attention to the white blood cells, or leukocytes, which play a crucial role inthe body's immune response. These cells come in various shapes and sizes, each specialized for different tasks such as phagocytosis, antibody production, and cytokine release. I marveled at the diversity and adaptability of these cells, which work together to protect the body from pathogens and maintain its health.As I continued to observe the blood smear, I noticed the platelets, small cell fragments that are essential for blood clotting. Without these tiny but powerful cells, even a minor injury could result in life-threatening bleeding. Theplatelets appeared as tiny specks scattered among the other cells, a reminder of their critical role in maintaining hemostasis and preventing excessive blood loss.I couldn't help but feel a sense of awe and wonder at the intricate dance of cells that I witnessed under the microscope. Each cell, with its own unique structureand function, worked together in harmony to ensure the survival and well-being of the organism. It was a testament to the incredible complexity and beauty of the natural world, and a reminder of the miracle of life itself. As I reflected onthe significance of the vertebrate blood smear, I couldn't help but think aboutthe impact of diseases and disorders that can affect the composition and function of these cells. From anemia to leukemia, from infections to autoimmune disorders, there are countless ways in which the balance of the blood can be disrupted, leading to serious health consequences. It was a sobering reminder of thefragility of life and the importance of maintaining a healthy blood system. In conclusion, the vertebrate blood smear is a window into the inner workings of the body, revealing the intricate and interconnected systems that keep us alive and healthy. It is a testament to the beauty and complexity of life, and a reminder of the fragility and resilience of the human body. As I continued to study the bloodsmear, I felt a deep sense of gratitude for the miraculous processes that keep us alive, and a renewed appreciation for the wonders of the natural world.。

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉-蛹虫草复方的安全性评价及调节免疫活性研究焦春伟1,2，梁慧嘉2，随晶晶2，陈家明2，谢意珍1,2*（1.广东粤微生物科技有限公司，广东肇庆 526000；2.广东粤微食用菌技术有限公司，广东广州 510663）摘 要：目的：评价蝙蝠蛾拟青霉-蛹虫草复方安全性与免疫增强活性。

方法：采用小鼠急性毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验、微粒体酶（Ames）试验、迟发型变态反应试验、血清溶血素滴度检测和脾细胞抗体生成细胞试验，观察受试物的安全性和免疫功能。

结果：蝙蝠蛾拟青霉-蛹虫草复方对小鼠急性毒性最大耐受量＞20.0 g/kg bw，属无毒级物质，且小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验及Ames试验呈阴性；细胞免疫试验中，中剂量（0.33 g/kg bw）、高剂量（0.99 g/kg bw）复方能显著提高小鼠足跖厚度差值（中剂量：p＜0.05；高剂量：p＜0.01）；体液免疫试验中，高剂量复方能极显著提高小鼠溶血空斑数与半数溶血值（p＜0.01），说明复方能增强小鼠细胞免疫与体液免疫。

结论：该复方在试验剂量内安全无毒，且具有增强免疫功效。

关键词：蝙蝠蛾拟青霉；蛹虫草；毒理学；调节免疫；安全性评价Safety Evaluation and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Combination of Paecilomyces hepiali and Cordyceps militaris JIAO Chunwei1,2, LIANG Huijia2, SUI Jingjing2, CHEN Jiaming2, XIE Yizhen1,2*(1.Guangdong Yuewei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China; 2.Guangdong Yuewei EdibleFungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China)Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunomodulatory activity of the combination of Paecilomyces hepiali and Cordyceps militaris. Method: Acute toxicity test in mice, bone marrow cell micronucleus test in mice, sperm malformation test in mice, microsomal enzyme（Ames）test, delayed metamorphosis test in mice, serum hemolysin titer detection and spleen cell antibody - producing cell assay were used to observed to determine the toxicity and immune effect. Result: The maximum tolerated oral acute toxicity of the compound in mice was ＞20.0 g/kg bw, which was a non-toxic substance, and the mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test, sperm malformation test and Ames test were negative; in the cellular immunity test, the medium (0.33 g/kg bw) and high (0.99 g/kg bw) doses of the compound significantly increased the difference in foot and plantar thickness in mice (medium dose: p＜0.05. High dose: p＜0.01); In the humoral immunity test, the high dose of the compound significantly increased the number of hemolytic vacuoles and hemolytic values in mice (p＜0.01), indicating that the compound could enhance cellular and humoral immunity in mice. Conclusion: the compound is safe and non-toxic at the doses tested and has immune-enhancing effects.Keywords:Paecilomyces hepiali; Cordyceps militaris; toxicology; immunomodulatory; safety evaluation基金项目：肇庆高新区创新团队项目（2019ZHQ10）；广州开发区国际科技合作项目（2020GH07）。

Estradiol inhibits differentiation of mouse macrophage into a pro-inflammatory phenotype by upregulating the IRE1α-XBP1signaling axisZHUO Lingjian,WANG Shuochen,LIU Xing,CHEN Baoan,LI XiangDepartment of Emergency Medicine,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China摘要：目的研究雌二醇其通过内质网应激通路影响巨噬细胞免疫特性的可能机制。

方法提取C57小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，IFN-γ60ng/mL 作用下体外培养巨噬细胞，分组检测雌激素对巨噬细胞影响：实验组为雌二醇（1.0nmol/L ）处理；抑制剂组为雌二醇（1.0nmol/L ）和雌激素受体拮抗剂（Acolbifene,4nmol/L ）同时作用；对照组加等量PBS 处理，培养48h 后通过Western blot 法检测比较巨噬细胞极化蛋白MHC-II 、iNOS 和内质网应激标志性蛋白IRE1α、eIF2α和ATF6的表达水平，通过RT-PCR 法检测巨噬细胞TGF-β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF αmRNA 水平变化。

随后分组检测内质网应激对巨噬细胞的影响：雌激素处理组；雌激素和内质网IRE1α信号抑制剂（4µ8C ，50µmol/L ）处理组；IRE1α激动剂组（TG ，0.2nmol/L ）处理组；对照组加等量PBS 处理，随后检测巨噬细胞的分化情况。

结果和对照组比较，雌激素处理后巨噬细胞M1相关蛋白MHC-II （P =0.021）和iNOS （P <0.001）表达显著降低，促炎细胞因子TNF-α（P =0.003）和IL-6mRNA （P =0.004）表达下调，抗炎的M2型细胞因子TGF-β（P =0.002）和IL-10（P =0.008）mRNA 表达上升，同时发现内质网相关的IRE1α（P <0.001）蛋白活化水平升高，其下游转录因子XBP-1（P <0.001）表达上调，加入雌激素受体阻断剂能够改变这种变化。

地牡宁神口服液联合可乐定透皮贴治疗儿童抽动-秽语综合征效果与安全性研究*文伟①　肖珊①　罗丽② 【摘要】　目的：探讨地牡宁神口服液联合可乐定透皮贴治疗儿童抽动-秽语综合征（TS）患儿的效果。

方法：选取2021年1月—2022年7月赣州市妇幼保健院收治的60例TS患儿，按随机数字表法分为两组，各30例。

对照组给予可乐定透皮贴治疗，观察组加用地牡宁神口服液治疗，均持续6个月。

对比两组临床疗效、症状改善时间、血清学指标及安全性。

结果：观察组治疗总有效率96.67%，高于对照组的73.33%（P<0.05）。

观察组运动性抽动改善时间（1.89±0.34）个月，发声性抽动改善时间（1.95±0.28）个月，综合性损伤症状改善时间（2.04±0.55）个月，均早于对照组的（2.46±0.57）、（2.48±0.61）、（2.78±0.81）个月，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

治疗前两组免疫功能、血清学指标比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后观察组血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）水平为（6.05±0.47）g/L，免疫球蛋白A（IgA）水平为（0.49±0.10）g/L，免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平为（0.51±0.15）g/L，白细胞介素-12（IL-12）水平为（101.15±8.64）pg/mL，肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平为（177.44±13.60）pg/mL，均低于对照组的（6.52±0.55）g/L、（0.68±0.13）g/L、（0.67±0.14）g/L、（112.74±9.55）pg/L、（202.49±14.68）pg/mL，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

两组不良反应比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

doi:10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.2024.24.0016李扬秋 研究员，二级教授，博士生导师，暨南大学血液学研究所所长，广东省医学领军人才。

中国病理生理学会实验血液学委员会副主委，Blood Science 副主编、J Immuno Ther Cancer （Clinical/Translational Cancer Immunotherapy 专题副主编）、J Hematol Oncol 、Exp Hematol Oncol 、Exp Hematol 、《中华血液学杂志》《中国免疫学杂志》《肿瘤防治研究》等杂志编委。

主要从事血液肿瘤分子发病机制和肿瘤T 细胞免疫及靶向治疗研究。

在Nat Med, Mol Cancer, J Hematol Oncol 和Adv Sci 等国内外期刊发表论文200多篇。

靶向T细胞免疫治疗急性髓性白血病的策略李扬秋Strategy of Targeted T Cell Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia LI Yangqiu Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaAbstract: T cell dysfunction is a common feature in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The up-regulation of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins resulting in T cell exhaustion is a key reason for T cell dysfunction. Immunotherapy with IC inhibitors exerts a remarkable effect on AML. However, due to the heterogeneity of T cell exhaustion and other factors that impair T cell function in patients with AML, the optimization of targeted T cell immunotherapy strategy for AML might be based on the multidimensional investigation of immune deficiency with different T cell subtypes.Key words: Acute myeloid leukemia; T cell; Exhaustion; Immune checkpoint protein; Immunotherapy Funding: Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82293630, 82293632, 82070152)Competing interests: The author declares that she has no competing interests.摘 要：急性髓性白血病（AML ）常伴有T 细胞免疫功能不全，由于免疫检查点（IC ）分子表达上调引起T 细胞耗竭是其重要原因之一。

Hans Journal of Biomedicine 生物医学, 2017, 7(3), 54-58Published Online July 2017 in Hans. /journal/hjbm https:///10.12677/hjbm.2017.73009文章引用: 葛琴, 谢国栋, 蔡晶, 赵季忠, 刘继斌, 杨百霞, 崔娟娟, 储春霞. 免疫细胞功能检测在恶性肿瘤患者外周Expression of Immune Cell Function in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Malignant Tumor and Its Clinical SignificanceQin Ge 1, Guodong Xie 1, Jing Cai 1*, Jizhong Zhao 1, Jibin Liu 2, Baixia Yang 1, Juanjuan Cui 1, Chunxia Chu 11Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Nantong, Nantong Jiangsu 2Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Nantong, Nantong JiangsuReceived: Jun. 22nd , 2017; accepted: Jul. 9th , 2017; published: Jul. 12th , 2017AbstractObjective: To investigate the clinical value of immune cell in peripheral blood of patients with ma-lignant tumor, and to explore its clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Methods: 60 cases of cancer patients, including 20 cases of esophageal cancer, lung cancer in 20 cases, 10 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, other tumors (including laryngeal cancer in 1 case, tongue cancer in 1 case, breast cancer in 3 cases, 1 case of skin malignant melanoma, rectal cancer 4 cases) and 20 normal control group peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets percentage, B lym-phocyte percentage, NK cell percentage, compared with the differences of normal control group. Results: The percentage of total T lymphocytes CD3+, assisted/induced T lymphocyte CD4+ and helped inhibited T lymphocyte ratio CD4+/CD8 in peripheral blood of tumor patients was signifi-cantly lower than that of healthy group (P < 0.05). The percentage of inhibition cytotoxicity T lymphocyte CD8+ was slightly higher than that in the healthy group (P > 0.05). There was no sig-nificant difference between the percentage of total B lymphocytes and the percentage of NK cells in the tumor group and the control group. Conclusions: T lymphocyte subsets are a good method for detecting immune dysfunction in cancer patients, which are of great significance to monitor the disease and judge the prognosis.KeywordsTumor, Immune Cells, Percentage, Immune Function免疫细胞功能检测在恶性肿瘤患者外周血中的表达和临床意义葛 琴1，谢国栋1，蔡 晶1*，赵季忠1，刘继斌2，杨百霞1，崔娟娟1，储春霞1*通讯作者。

•论著.雷公藤红素下调p-p38、p-JNK、NF-k B减轻脑梗死后的炎备反应乔会敏董梅陈林玉杜媛媛杨锬张祥建吴冰洁【摘要】目的探讨脑缺血后磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（P-p38)、磷酸化c-J u n氨基末端激酶（P-J N K)、核因子-k B (N F-k B)的表达变化，观察雷公藤红素的脑保护作用及机制。

方法用改良线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉永久性脑梗死（pMCAO)模型。

实验分为3组：溶剂对照组，假手术组和雷公藤红素组（3mg • kg—1腹腔注射）。

采用RT-qPCR和Western Mot观察p-p38、p-JNK、NF- k B基因和蛋白表达变化，比较各组的患侧脑水肿、脑梗死体积和神经功能评分。

结果与溶剂对照组相比，雷公藤红素组脑水肿明显低于溶剂对照组（P<0.05);梗死体积明显小于溶剂对照组（P<0.05);神经功能评分明显小于溶剂对照组（P <0.05 );p-p38、P-JN K、N F- k B的表达明显低于溶剂对照组（P <0.05 )。

结论雷公藤红素对脑梗死大鼠具有脑保护作用，雷公藤红素通过调节p-p38，p-J N K和N F-k B的表达可能是其脑保护作用机制之一。

【关键词】脑梗死；雷公藤红素；磷酸化P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶；磷酸化c-J u n氨基末端激酶；核因子-k B中图分类号：R743. 32 文献标识码： A 文章编号：1006-351X( 2021) 05-0274-06Celastrol reduces inflammation after cerebral infarction by down-regulating p-p38, p-JNK and NF- k BQiao Huimin, Dong Mei, Chen Linyu, Du Yuanyuan, Yang Yi, Zhang Xiangjian, Wu BingjieDepartment of N eurology, the Second Hospital of H ebei Medical University, Shijiazh u ang 050000, ChinaCorresponding author: Dong Mei, Email:*************[Abstract] Objective To research the changes of p-p38, p-JNK and NF- k B after ischemic stroke and tostudy the underling mechanisms of celastrol. Methods Permanent middle cerebral occlusion (MCAO) was made inmale Sprague-Dawley rats adopting modified suture occlusion technique. Rats were randomly classified into 3 groups:Celastrol group, sham group and vehicle group. The brain edema, neurological deficits, infarct volume, the expressionof p-p38, p-JNK and N F- k B were measured at 24h after cerebral isc hemia. Results Celastrol group dramaticallysuppressed edema compared with vehicle rats. Celastrol group reduced neurological deficit compared with vehiclerats. Celastrol group showed smaller infarct volume compared with vehicle rats. Meanwhile, Celastrol group decreasedthe expression of p-p38, p-JNK and NF- K B compared with vehicle rats. Conclusion Celastrol protects the brainagainst pMCAO damage. The p-p38, p-JNK and NF- k B were involved in the protective effect of celastrol.[Key words] Cerebral infarction; Celastrol; p-p38 (Phosphorylated p38); p—JNK (Phosphorylated JunN—terminal Kinase); NF—k B (Nuclear factor kappa B)最近的研究发现磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（phosphorylated p38, p-p38 )、鱗酸化c-Jun 氨基末端激酶（phosphorylated jun N-terminal kinase, p-JNK)、核因子-k B(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年基金（81601152)作者单位：050000石家庄，河北医科大学第二医院神经内科；河北 省神经病学重点实验室）通信作者：董梅，Email:dm-m p@ k B )通路在调节大脑炎症过程中发挥重要作用[1_31。

自然重磅：中国发现延长寿命和抑制乳腺癌的共同关键靶点编者按：众所周知，哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1（mTORC1）是细胞生长的主要调节物，可以对包括氨基酸在内的多种体内环境信号产生应答。

mTORC1失调与多种代谢病、癌症和老年病相关。

mTORC1对氨基酸信号产生应答后，被重组活化基因（Rag）三磷酸鸟苷（GTP）酶招引至溶酶体及其激活位点。

由DEPDC5、NPRL2和NPRL3组成的GATOR1复合物具有GTP酶活化蛋白（GAP）活性，在氨基酸缺乏时，可使GTP酶失活。

不过，尚不明确GATOR1受到氨基酸信号刺激后如何产生抑制功能。

2018年5月16日，全球自然科学三大旗舰期刊之一、英国《自然》正刊在线发表北京大学分子医学研究所膜生物学国家重点实验室、清华大学北京大学生命科学联合中心、代谢及心血管分子医学北京市重点实验室、北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院、北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院、北京大学肿瘤医院乳腺中心、恶性肿瘤发病机制及转化研究教育部重点实验室的研究报告，发现科尔奇样蛋白22（KLHL22）可以激活氨基酸依赖型mTORC1信号转导而诱发乳腺癌和老年病。

该研究发现，淘汰蛋白3（CUL3）科尔奇样蛋白22（KLHL22）泛素连接酶（E3）对氨基酸信号产生应答后，促使DEPDC5（GATOR1所需功能亚基）发生与K48位连接的多聚泛素化和降解。

KLHL22对于哺乳动物和线虫的mTORC1活化和下游连锁反应发挥了关键作用。

由于哺乳动物的寿命较长，难以进行短期观察，故该研究利用寿命较短的线虫，通过耗竭线虫的KLHL22同源基因MEL-26，发现可以显著延长线虫的寿命。

此外，该研究还发现乳腺癌患者的KLHL22水平升高，而DEPDC5水平相应降低，耗竭裸鼠乳腺癌细胞的KLHL22可以抑制乳腺癌生长。

因此，针对KLHL22的靶向药物干预，可能具有治疗乳腺癌和老年病的潜力。

或许将来，消灭癌症和延年益寿的梦想能够一起实现。