一、时态讲解：现在完成时(1)构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词have有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上n o t、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
以1)现在完成时诵常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。
I ' m sure we ' ve met be我肯.定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived.她到了。
2) 表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用, 女口recently, already, just, lately, for …,sinceyet-等。
如：I haven ' t heard from her these days这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven ' t seen you recently最近我们没有见到你。
They have bee n away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has bee n with us since Mon day.★注意：a) si nee和for的区别si nee 后接时间点，女口1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示长达多久”女口ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise:用since 禾口for 填空1. Jim has bee n in Irela nd ____ M on day.2. Jill has bee n in Irela nd _____ t hree days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _____ 15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has bee n there ____ 7 o'clock.5. In dia has bee n an in depe ndent country ___ 1974.6. The bus is late. They've bee n wait ing ____ 20 minu tes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have bee n empty _____ m any years.8. Mike has bee n ill ____ a long time. He has bee n in hospital _____ October.2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。
因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. xThe old man has died for 4 mon ths. xThey have left only for 5 minu tes. x以上三句话可以改为：He has bee n here for 2 weeks.The old man has _____________ for 4 mon ths.They have __________ only for 5 minu tes2）have （has） been和have （has） gone的区别：表示曾到过某地"要用“ have （has） been 表示已经去某地"要用“ have （has） gona试比较：Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Can ada.他们到过加拿大。
（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Ca nada.他们到加拿大去了。
（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以禾口already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等连用。
例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven ' t read it yet我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always bee n a good stude nt. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have ofte n see n him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have n ever bee n to Yan 他们从未去过延安。
I have n't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
Exercise:1. Fill in the bla nks with the proper form.1.1 ___ already ___ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.2. ___ he ____ (fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father ___ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where ' s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher ' s office.5. I _________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I ______________ (make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _______ the Wangs _____________ (stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ______ just ___________ (fin ish) my homework. 9. He _______ (go) to school on foot every day. 10. __ y ou ______ (find) your scie nee book yet? 11. If it ___ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The stude nts __________ (read) En glish whe n the teacher came in. 13. Look! The mon key ________ (climb) the tree.14. My mother _________ (come) to see me n ext Sun day. 15. I've lost my pen. ________ you _______ (see) it any where? II. Choose the best an swer. 1. How long have you ______ here?A. comeB. got2. My gran dpa died _______ .A. at the age of my 2 C. whe n I was 2.3. Jane has ____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. bee nB. goneC. went 4. It is ten years ____ I last saw her. A. afterB. sinceC. for5. --Who will go to the stati on to meet Lorry? --I will. I ___ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met6. --What a nice dress! How long ____ y ou ______ it?--Just 2 weeks. A. will, buyB. did, buyC. are, havi ng7. --Do you know Lydia very well?--Yes, She and I ____ friends si nee we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have bee n 8. The Smiths _____ in China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have bee n9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaki ng. Can I speak to Mr. Black?--Sorry. He the Bainiao Park.A. has bee n toB. has gone toC. went to D .will go to10. -- you ever to the US?--Yes, twice.A. Have, goneB. Have, bee n C, Do, go D .were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences.1.1 have been to Macau before.（改为否定句）I __________________ b ee n to Macau before.C. arrived B. for 2 yearsD. my age was 6. D. beenD. never been D. that D. will meetD. have, hadD. have turnedD. live2. He hasn ' t come to schctoi cause he was ill.（就划线部分提问）____________ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now.（用just 改写）I ___ just ____ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.（改为同义句）We ________ En glish ____ three years5. He has never surfed, _____________ ?（改成反意疑问句）6. They have been here since 2000.（对划线部分提问）______________ have they bee n here?7. The old man ________ l ast year. He has ______________ for a year. （die）（动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同义句转换）Miss Gao has _______________________ an hour ago.Ask the questi ons1）I have bee n there for two days._____________________________ y ou _____________________ ?2）My father has lived here since 2000._____________________________ y our father ___________________ ?3）He left here yesterday.________________ he ____________________ ?4）They bought a book two hours ago._____________________ t hey __________ a book?Use never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since ” to fill in the blanks.1.1 have ______ see n him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has ________ f ini shed his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ______ ten years.4. “ Have you ______ s een the film? ”“ No, I have ______ seen it.5. “ Has the bus left ____ ? ”“ Yes, it has _______ l eft. ”现在完成时练习题及答案一、翻译下列句子：你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
