初中英语定语从句
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初中英语语法—定语从句定义:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句。
被修饰的名词或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系词关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which关系副词有:when, where, why关系词作用:1起连接作用2替代作用3成分作用Mary is a beautiful girl.(形容词作定语)Mary is a girl who has long hair.(句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句。
)根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
This is the car which I bought last month.The car, which I bought last month, is very nice.一、关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)1.当先行词指人时,用关系代词that/who在从句中作主语或宾语。
whom在从句中作宾语。
如:The man who/ that gave a speech on TV is the president.昨天在电视上演讲的人是总统。
(作主语)This is the strange man that/who/whom I met yesterday..这就是在那次大地震中失去双亲的那个小姑娘。
We live in a house whose windows open to the south.我们居住在一所窗户朝南的房子里。
3.当先行词指物时,用关系代词that/which在从句中作主语或宾语。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的种类及用法定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用来修饰名词或者代词。
在初中英语中,掌握定语从句的种类及用法对于提高语言表达能力具有重要意义。
本文将对初中英语中定语从句的种类及用法进行归纳总结。
一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行进一步的限制和说明,如果去掉限制性定语从句,句子的意思就会发生改变。
1.关系代词引导的限制性定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that可以引导限制性定语从句。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(那个站在那儿的女孩是我的妹妹。
)The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2.关系副词引导的限制性定语从句关系副词where, when, why可以引导限制性定语从句。
例如:This is the school where I study.(这是我上学的学校。
)I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
)二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句用来对被修饰的名词进行补充说明,如果去掉非限制性定语从句,句子的意思仍然完整。
1.关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that可以引导非限制性定语从句。
与限制性定语从句不同的是,非限制性定语从句之后要用逗号与主句分开。
例如:Tom, who is my best friend, is very good at playing basketball.(汤姆,他是我的最好的朋友,非常擅长打篮球。
)This is my car, which was a gift from my parents.(这是我父母送给我的车。
定语从句一、概述1.定语从句的概念:定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
2.定语从句中的关系词:关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as。
在从句中做主语/宾语/表语/定语。
关系副词有:when, where, why, how。
在从句中做状语。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
3.定语从句的分类:根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,限制性定语从句多半译成汉语的前置定语,修饰其后的先行词。
eg. This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
(限制性)非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,非限制性定语从句则往往译成后置的并列从句。
eg . The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。
(非限制性)4.注:(1)关系代词在从句中指什么、作什么成分:指人指物主语宾语表语定语that √√√√√×which ×√√√√√who √×√×××whom √××√√×whose √√×××√as √√√√√×(2)表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing、不定式、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的引导词和关系代词定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,用于修饰名词或代词。
在定语从句中,常用的引导词包括关系代词和关系副词。
本文将对初中英语中定语从句的引导词和关系代词进行归纳总结。
1. 引导词的种类和用法:(1)关系代词(用于在主句和从句之间建立关系):- who:用于指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- whom:用于指人,在从句中作宾语。
- which:用于指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- that:既可以用于指人也可以用于指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
- whose:用于指人或物,在从句中作定语修饰名词。
(2)关系副词(用于具体的地点、原因、时间或程度):- where:表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。
- why:表示原因,在从句中作原因状语。
- when:表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。
- how:表示程度,在从句中作程度状语。
2. 定语从句的位置和构成:定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,用来限定或说明这个名词或代词。
定语从句的构成包括先行词、引导词和从句三个部分。
先行词是被修饰的名词或代词,引导词是用来引导定语从句的关联词,从句是由引导词和相应的谓语动词或其他成分组成。
3. 定语从句的例句:(1)关系代词引导的定语从句例句:- The student who is sitting next to me is my best friend.- I have a guitar which was given to me by my grandfather.- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- I know a girl whose father is a doctor.(2)关系副词引导的定语从句例句:- The house where they live is very beautiful.- This is the reason why I didn't go to the party.- I still remember the day when we first met.- I can't believe how quickly time flies.通过以上例句可以看出,定语从句在句子中起到修饰、限定名词的作用,使句子更加丰富有力。
初中英语语法——定语从句定语从句定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who。
whom。
whose。
that。
which。
as。
关系副词有:when。
where。
why。
how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1、关系代词引导的定语从句1) who。
whom。
that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that XXX在从句中作宾语)2) whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3) which。
that它们所替代的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,比方:A prosperity which / that had never been XXX在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped。
(which / that在句中作宾语)关系代词that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法区别:不用that的情况:a)在引导非限定性定语从句时错)The tree。
that is four hundred years old。
定语从句“介词+关系代词+不定式”用法-初中英语语法一、用法实例“介词+关系代词+不定式”的表现形式通常为 in which to do sth, with which to do sth, on which to do sth等,其中的介词视具体语境的搭配而定。
如:She must have time in which to grow calm. 她需要有时间冷静下来。
She had no time left in which to pack her things. 她没有时间收拾行李了。
He had only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。
Allow me one minute in which to change my costumes. 给我一点时间来卸装。
Now he had no pretext on which to prolong his stay. 现在他已没有继续留下去借口。
He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。
She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 她银行里有些钱用来协助她的母亲。
The boy wants another fifty cents with which to buy some ice cream. 这男孩还要五角钱去买冰淇淋。
It was a marvelous place to begin one’s management career. First of all, there were so many different aspects oftransport on which to try my hand. 这是开始一个人的经营管理生涯的好地方。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句的特殊情况处理初中英语知识点归纳:定语从句的特殊情况处理定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的知识点,用于修饰名词或代词,进一步描述或限定其含义。
在定语从句的用法中,有一些特殊情况需要注意处理。
本文将对这些特殊情况进行归纳总结。
一、关系代词在定语从句中作主语当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词应该与关系代词的先行词保持一致。
例句1:The boy who is laughing is my brother.(那个正在笑的男孩是我的兄弟。
)例句2:The book that tells about Chinese history is very interesting.(那本讲述中国历史的书非常有趣。
)二、关系代词在定语从句中作宾语当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致,并且关系代词在定语从句中起连接作用。
例句1:The teacher who we met yesterday is very nice.(我们昨天遇到的那个老师非常友好。
)例句2:I have lost the pen that you gave me.(你给我的那支钢笔我丢了。
)三、定语从句中缺少主语或宾语当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,需要根据具体情况选择是否使用关系代词 "that" 进行省略。
例句1:This is the house (that) we lived in last year.(这是去年我们住的房子。
)例句2:I have read all the books (that) you recommended.(我已经读了你推荐的所有书。
)四、定语从句中存在介词当定语从句中存在介词时,根据先行词与介词的搭配情况,选择合适的介词。
例句1:The restaurant in which we had dinner last night is very famous.(我们昨晚去的那家餐厅非常有名。
初中英语语法大全——定语从句1.定语从句的概念和位置定语从句在句子中起到形容词的作用,用来修饰先行词。
例如:Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?这里的定语从句修饰先行词girl。
另外,定语从句也被称为形容词性从句。
例如:This is the museum which was built last year.这里的定语从句修饰先行词museum。
2.先行词和关系词被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
关系词则是用来指代先行词,并连接定语从句中的成分,包括主语、宾语、表语、状语等。
关系代词包括that。
who。
whom。
whose。
which;关系副词包括when。
where。
why等。
例如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.这里的关系代词who指代先行词man。
例如:Let's find a place where we can have a ic.这里的关系副词where指代先行词place。
3.定语从句的构成定语从句的构成是通过引导词连接先行词和从句中的成分,例如:He has a car which has 7 seats.这里的which引导定语从句,修饰先行词car。
The hotel where we stayed was very clean.这里的where引导定语从句,修饰先行词hotel。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在句子中充当一定的成分,修饰前面的先行词。
关系代词有that。
which。
who。
whom。
whose等,其主要用法如下:当先行词为人时,关系代词who/that可作主语或宾语;关系代词whom/that可作宾语。
例如:The person who/that is XXX.这里的关系代词who/that作主语。
例如:XXX XXX I XXX.这里的关系代词XXX作宾语。
初中英语定语从句总结定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,常用来给出进一步的描述或限定。
下面是初中英语定语从句的一些重要特点和常用结构总结:1.定语从句通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:- The book that I am reading is very interesting.(我正在读的那本书很有趣。
)- The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.(与汤姆说话的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
)2. 定语从句可由关系代词引导,包括:that, who, whom, whose和which。
- that通常指代人或物;- who用于指代人,作为主语时可以省略,作为宾语时不可省略;- whom用于指代人,作为宾语时需要放在介词后面;- whose用于指代所有格,引导修饰名词的定语从句;- which用于指代物。
3.定语从句中的主谓一致问题:-当关系代词指代的是单数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;-当关系代词指代的是复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
4.定语从句中的介词问题:- 当关系代词在定语从句中作为介词的宾语时,介词通常放在关系代词之后,如:The house in which he lives is very big.(他住的房子很大。
)- 如果关系代词在定语从句中作为介词的宾语,且介词是固定搭配时,可以将介词提前放在关系代词之前,如:The book about which we are talking is very interesting.(我们正在谈论的那本书很有趣。
)5. 定语从句可省略关系代词that或who/whom的情况:- 当定语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略关系代词that或who/whom,如:The boy (who/that) is wearing a red hat is my friend.(戴红帽子的男孩是我的朋友。
初中英语知识点归纳定语从句在句子中的位置和作用总结定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的知识点,它在句子中的位置和作用经常令学生困惑。
本文将对初中英语定语从句的位置和作用进行归纳总结。
一、定语从句的位置定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,在句子中可以出现在名词或代词的前面或后面。
1. 名词前定语从句:这种情况下,定语从句紧跟在被修饰名词之前。
例如:- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
2. 名词后定语从句:这种情况下,定语从句紧跟在被修饰名词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
例如:- The man we met yesterday is a famous singer.昨天我们遇到的那个人是一位著名的歌手。
- I like the movie that we watched last night.我喜欢昨晚我们看的那部电影。
二、定语从句的作用定语从句在句子中有以下几种作用:1. 修饰名词或代词:定语从句被用来修饰名词或代词,进一步说明其特征或属性。
例如:- The house that is near the lake is very beautiful.靠近湖边的那栋房子非常漂亮。
- This is the pen which I lost yesterday.这是我昨天丢失的钢笔。
2. 限定范围:定语从句可以起到限定范围的作用,帮助我们更加准确地理解句子的含义。
例如:- The school where my brother studies is very famous.我弟弟就读的那所学校非常有名。
- Do you remember the place where we first met?你还记得我们第一次见面的地方吗?3. 确定身份:定语从句可以用来确定被修饰名词或代词的身份,避免歧义。
初中英语中的定语从句用法讲解定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分,也是初中阶段英语学习的重点之一。
它在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用,使句子更加丰富和准确。
在本文中,我们将对初中英语中的定语从句用法进行讲解。
定语从句是由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导的从句。
它通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面,并对其进行进一步的说明或限定。
首先,我们来看一些关系代词的用法。
关系代词who和that用来修饰人,而which和that用来修饰物。
例如:The boy who is wearing a red shirt is my brother.(戴红衬衫的男孩是我的弟弟); The book which is on the table is mine.(桌子上的书是我的)。
关系代词whom用来修饰人,在非正式语言中,通常可以用who代替。
例如:The girl whom I met yesterday is my classmate.(我昨天遇到的那个女孩是我的同学)。
关系代词whose用来修饰人或物,表示所属关系。
例如:The man whose car was stolen reported the case to the police.(那个车被偷的男人向警方报案)。
接下来,我们来看一些关系副词的用法。
关系副词when用来修饰时间,在定语从句中表示时间的概念。
例如:I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天)。
关系副词where用来修饰地点,在定语从句中表示地点的概念。
例如:I will never forget the school where I spent my childhood.(我永远不会忘记我度过童年的那所学校)。
关系副词why用来修饰原因,在定语从句中表示原因的概念。
定语从句初中知识点汇总定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,它可以用来修饰名词或代词,从而充实句子的信息量。
在初中英语学习中,定语从句是一个重要的语法知识点。
本文将对定语从句的定义、结构、使用方法以及一些常见问题进行汇总和解答。
一、定语从句的定义定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,在句中充当名词的修饰成分。
它可以在句子中形成修饰成分,使句子更加丰富和具体。
定语从句通常直接跟在被修饰的名词之后,用来对名词进行说明,限定其范围或提供更多信息。
二、定语从句的结构1. 关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词有关系主代词和关系宾代词两种。
关系主代词:who,whom,whose,that,which关系宾代词:whom,whose,that,which2. 关系副词引导的定语从句:关系副词有关系地点副词和关系时间副词两种。
关系地点副词:where关系时间副词:when,why三、定语从句的使用方法1. 修饰人的名词:The man who is standing there is my uncle.(那个站在那儿的人是我的叔叔。
)2. 修饰物的名词:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的书是我的。
)3. 修饰指代整个句子的名词:He didn't accept the offer, which surprised me.(他没有接受那个提议,这让我感到惊讶。
)4. 对所修饰的名词进行进一步限定:The car that was parked outside was stolen.(停在外面的那辆车被盗了。
)四、常见问题解答1. 关系代词that和which的区别是什么?关系代词that通常只用来修饰物的名词,而which可以用来修饰人或物的名词。
此外,that在定语从句中不能省略,而which可以省略。
例如:The car that I bought is red.(我买的那辆车是红色的。
英语定语从句用法详解(初中)在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
The man who/that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.先行词定语从句引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
I am waiting for the boy who/that is wearing a red coat.(关系代词作主语)先行词关系代词1. 由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:This is the boy who often helps me.2. 由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.3. 由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?4. 由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.The river which is in front of my house is very clean.This is the pen which you want.注意:(1) whom, which用作介词宾语时,介词可放在whom、which之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。
如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of.(2) 引导非限制性定语从句时,必须用关系代词which,不用that,如:I have lost my bag, which I like very much.(3) 关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5. 由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句:(1) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,如:All that we have to do is to practice English.(2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如:The first letter that I got from him will be kept.(3) 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰,如:I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,如:He is the only person that I want to talk with.(5) 先行词既有人又有物时,如:They talked about persons and things that they met.(6) 当句中已有who时,为避免重复,如:Who is the man that is giving us the class?(7) 主句是there be结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用whichThere is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句:(1) 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that. 例如:What’s that which is under the desk?(2) 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that. 例如:This is the room in which he lives.(3) 引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that. 例如:Tom came back, which made us happy.6. 由when, where, why引导的定语从句,如:I don't know the reason why he was late.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。
This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.) 7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等,这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which, 不用that; 指人时可用who, 如:I have two brothers, who are both students.8. 如何简化定语从句(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。
如My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here. 我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.→This is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。
(2).定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher. 站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time. 当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
(3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
(4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school. 他总是第一个到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
(5)定语从句简化为what从句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said. 我记不得他说的话。
【典型例题解析】例1 The second book ______I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. as解析: 先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句,故选C例2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.A. whenB. in whichC. thatD. for which解析: 本题指时间,故选A例3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.A. you needB. what you needC. which you need itD. that you need it解析: B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触,故选A例4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when解析: 本题指地点,故选C例5 I'm one of the boys _________never late for school.A. that isB. who areC. who amD. who is解析: 本题中who用作主语,谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致,故选B例6 Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.A. whomB. thatC. whichD. who is解析: 非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用which, 不用that, 但指人时用who或whom. 故选A例7 These books are for students _____ mother language is not English.A. of whomB. thatC. whichD. whose解析: whose引导的定语从句中, whose用作定语,故选DⅠ.单项选择1. —Do you know the man _________is talking with your father?—Yes, he’s our headmaster.A. heB. whoC. whichD. whom2. Is this the river_________I can swim?A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city_________I know.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary_________the other day?A. that you boughtB. you bought itC. that you bought itD. which you bought it5. Anyone_________with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing_________is missing.A. thatB. itC. whichD. who7. The man_________coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who’sB. whoseC. that of whichD. which’s8. The girl_________is reading under the tree_________my sister.A. which; isB. whom; wasC. who; isD. who; was9. I love places_________the people are really friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who10. The world_________is made up of matter.A. in that we liveB. on which we liveC. where we live inD. we live inⅡ.用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。