语法知识梳理一．主谓一致1.Mr Li as well as his family ____at home.Mr Li, together with his family, ____at home.Mr Li, along with his family, ____ at home.2.The whole nation ____ in deep sorrow, hearing the sad news.The whole family ____ watching TV.The whole family ____ a nice family.3. A variety of books ____bought yesterday.A number of books ____ bought yesterday.A set of books ____bought yesterday.A series of books ____bought yesterday.One and a half years ____ passed.Quantities of books ____ bought yesterday.A quantity of books ____bought yesterday.A quantity of water ____ bought yesterday.This kind of books ____nice.Books of this kind ____nice.These kinds of books ____ nice.4.The iron and steel industry ____ the key link in socialist production.Our monitor and secretary ____respectable.5.An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____to be built here next year.6.The poor / the rich / the young ____here now.Either he or you ____right.Neither you nor he ____ right.Either ____ right.____ neither he nor you in the classroom?Fifty percent of the students ____League members.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth ____ covered with water.7.What he left us ____ many books.It was you, not I who ____too much dependent on medicine and never did exercise. 二．冠词1. He is ____ Leifeng of our time.2. This provides ____ source of information.3. He made ____ study of history.4. This kind of animals has little connection with ____ different kind of animals.This kind of animals has little connection with animals of ____ different kind.5. Would it be possible for me to have ____ second appointment for ____ week from today.6. have ____good knowledge of Englishhave ____ good command of Englishmake ____ survey on…have ____large vocabulary at one’s command.____mountain range / ____range of mountains (山脉)（Drive a new motorway across a mountain range.）have____ big breakfast7. To be an inventor, one needs ____ very vivid imagination.8.pay sb. by ____ hourinvent____ telephone / computer (发明物)____English languageMaths is ____ language of science.Biology is ____science of life.____sun / moon / earth （独一无二东西前用）in ____universe____ poor / rich / young （一类人前用）____Philippines （群岛前用）但：Taiwan Island____ … mountains （山脉前用）但：Tai Mountain / Mount Tai9.以下短语中不用冠词conquer naturewalking in space / walking in outer spacespeak in publicgo to church / attend church (做礼拜)finish schoolattend schoolbe in hospitalbe sent / rushed to hospitalbe sent / be put / be thrown into prisonlose heart三．形容词与副词1.much / even /still / a lot / far / many more2.far / much too … to…3.I have never met a better singer.4.He is by far the tallest.He is taller by far.Of the two boys, he is by far the taller.5.He is too good a teacher for me to give up.He is as good a teacher as Susan.6.This room is three times bigger than … / three times as big as … / three times the size of …(The Black Sea was a fresh water lake about two-thirds its present size and unconnected with the Mediterranean 1000 years ago.)7.He gets twice as much as ____ (I, mine)His income is twice as much as ____ (I, mine)8.The more exercise you do every day, the ____ it will do to you. (more good, better )9.as far as No. 1 Department Store （远到）as long as two metres （长达）as deep as two metres （深达）As far as I know, …（据我所知）As long as / so long as you work hard, …（只要）as many as 70 percent of students10.go deep under the muddive deep in the seadig deepjump highfly highopen your mouth widefly high in the skyarrive home safewash your hands cleanpraise sb highlybe deeply moved11.no more than 仅仅/ not more than 至多(no such person / not such a person 没有这种人的)四．倒装结构1.So hard does he study that he has made great progress.2.Were I you, I would learn English.3.No sooner…than…Hardly…when…/ Scarcely… when …/ Barely … when…4.Only then / when he was ten, did he realize the importance of learning English.Such will be our home in the future.5.He arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.The ground is clean, on which sat a group of students playing games.South of the lake lies the village in which lives an old man whose son is in the army.6.By no means will China be the first to use unclear weapon.On no account must we relax our vigilance.At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapon.He was so careful that not a single mistake did he make.If he doesn’t want to go there tomorrow, neither will I.7.Hard as he works, …Hard though he works, …五．虚拟语气1. It is necessary that … (虚拟语气用在主语从中)suggestednaturalimpossibleimportant + (should) doshamestrangea pityno wonderanxious2.If it were not for the fact that you are ill, I wouldn’t let you stay at home.1.Without your help, I would n’t have made great progress.But for your help, I wouldn’t have made great progress.You helped me a lot last time, otherwise I would n’t have made great progress.2.Even if I had known her address I might not have had time to write to her.3.It is required that the subject referred to be discussed immediately.六．从句（一）主语从句1.What a foreign language is is known to all.2.It is known to all that China is a great country.As is known to all, China is a great country. (定语从句)3.That mathematics is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions of human knowledge iswidely accepted.（二）定语从句1.Gone are the days ____ we relied on them. (when, which )2.The days ____ we relied on them are gone forever. （when，which）3.This was the reason, ____ he was late for the meeting yesterday. (for which, why )4.This was the reason ____he was late for for the meeting yesterday. (which, why )5.This was the reason ____ he explained to us for his being late ( why, which )6.The one ____ we thought had moved to another city is still in Shanghai. (whom, who )7.I don’t like the way ____ you speak to your mother. ( /, which )8.At this critical moment, we badly need a mayor to handle this difficult situation, ____ everycitizen has confidence. (whom, in whom )9.This is the person ____ honour the state dinner was given (in whose, of whom)10.I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot of English words andexpressions but couldn’t write a good essay. (where, which)11.We have reached the point / stage ____reforms are badly needed. (where, which)（三）宾语从句1.He asked ____ that made him so sad. （what it was, what was it）2.He asked ____ with you. (what was the matter, what the matter was)3.What do you think has happened to him?4.Where do you suppose they have gone?（四）表语从句1. The reason why he was late for the meeting yesterday was ____ he was ill. ( that, because )2. That’s ____ you are wrong. To give him whatever he wants will only spoil him. ( where, why )（五）同位语从句1. Bob expressed the hope ____if possible, he would come and visit Shanghai again. ( that, / )2. Word came ____our football team beat their team in the match yesterday. (that, which) （六）状语从句1. Put the book ____ it was. ( where, which, what )2. He succeeded ____ other experienced experts failed. ( where, which, what)3. I have kept this picture ____ I can see it every day. (where, which, what)4. You should be firm ____ you think yourself to be right ( where, which, what )5. When you read, place pause ____ there is a full stop. (where, which, what)6. He will have finished all the work by the time he ____. (graduates, will graduate)（七）名词性从句1. He was born in ____ is now Shanghai. (what, /, which )2. Although website do make money, in the current phase of Internet development,____ they earn is far from enough to satisfy their needs. (what, which, / )3. We firmly believe that reading is to the mind ____ exercise is to the body. (what, which, / )4. When the European settler arrived in ____ is now the United States, they brought their holiday like Christmas. (what, /, which )5. ____ what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem. ( Tough, In spit of )6. He drove at ____ we thought was a dangerous speed. ( what, which)7. They built a house in ____ was a waste land ten years ago. ( what, where)七．非谓语动词（一）作定语1. The building being built now is our library.2. The building built last year is …3. The building to be built next year will be …(二) 作状语1. Be careful when ____the street. (crossing , crossed )2.Though ____ in Boston, Mr Wang works and lives in Chicago. ( born, being born )3. Though ____ many times, he still didn’t know how to do it. (having been taught, taught)4. ____ many times, he still didn’t know how to do it. (Having been taught, taught)5. ____ where to go, he went to ask the police. (Not knowing, Not having known )6. The meeting____ over, we went home. (being, was)7. ____ a book in his hand, he went into the classroom. (Holding, Held )8. ____ book in hand, he went into the classroom. ( /, Holding )9. With a book ____in his hand, he went into the classroom. ( /, holding )10. He left home, never ____. (returning, to return )（三）作宾语补足语1. Parents are planning to have their children ____ abroad. (educated, educating)2. He was listened to ____ at the meeting. ( to speak, speaking)八．反义疑问句1. There used to be a bookstore at the corner of the street, __________ ?2. Nobody knows it , __________?3. You don’t think he will come today, __________?4. You’d better come tomorrow, __________?5. I wish to go to your home this evening, __________?6. This is a nice book, __________?7. That is a nice book, __________?8. These are nice books, __________?9. Those are nice books, __________?10. Mr Wang told me that you would go to Beijing, __________?11. Mr Wang told you that he would go to Beijing, __________?12. Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted, __________?13. What he said at the meeting yesterday was interesting, __________?14. There is no light in the room. They must have gone to the cinema, __________?15. You don’t know it, but he knows it, __________?16. This is the third time you have been late this week, __________?17. Tom, you wash the bow today, __________?九．强调结构1. It ____ Mr Wang and Mr Li that helped me yesterday. (was, were)2. It was in the room ____ we had a meeting yesterday____ I met him. ( where, that; where, that )3. It was in the room ____ I met the person ____ helped me last time. (that, who; where, that) 十．“It”的用法1. Space exploration has been made ____ with the development of modern science.(it possible, possible)2. Modern science has made ____for scientists to explore space.(it possible, possible)十一. 主动形式表示被动意思1.It writes smoothly,2.It sells well.3.The door won’t open.4.This kind of cloth washes easily.5.This kind of cloth dries easily.6.This book is worth reading.7.The classroom needs cleaning.。
