暑假专题:谓语动词的人称变化——主谓一致
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2024年初中英语语法专题复习之主谓一致详解英语主谓一致是初中英语学习的重点之一,也是中考考试的考点之一。
为了帮助同学们更好地掌握这一知识点,下面我将为大家归纳总结一下英语主谓一致的考点。
一、什么是主谓一致?主谓一致是指谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。
也就是说,主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式;主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词就用第三人称单数形式。
这是英语语法中的一个重要概念,也是英语学习的重点之一。
判断主语的人称和数可以通过观察句子中的名词或代词来确定。
一般情况下,人名、地名、组织机构名称等专有名词作为主语时,人称和数是固定的,需要根据上下文来判断。
而普通名词或代词则可以通过它们的人称和数来判断主语的人称和数。
主谓一致的应用范围非常广泛,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时、将来时、过去进行时等。
在实际应用中,需要注意一些特殊情况,如复数主语、不定式主语、代词主语、动名词主语等。
二、如何判断主语的人称和数?判断主语的人称和数可以通过观察句子中的名词或代词来确定。
一般情况下,人名、地名、组织机构名称等专有名词作为主语时,人称和数是固定的,需要根据上下文来判断。
而普通名词或代词则可以通过它们的人称和数来判断主语的人称和数。
具体来说,以下是一些常见的名词或代词,以及它们对应的人称和数:人名:第三人称单数,如John、Mary等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
地名:第三人称单数,如New York、Beijing等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
组织机构名称:第三人称单数,如The White House、The Pentagon 等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
代词:第三人称单数,如He、She、It等;第一人称复数,如We、They等。
普通名词:单数形式,如book、dog等;复数形式,如books、dogs 等。
需要注意的是,有些名词或代词在使用时会有变化,例如单数变为复数、第三人称变为第一人称等。
Grammar Subject and Verb Agreement 主语和谓语一致主谓一致:是指一个句子的谓语动词必须和主语的人称和数一致。
也就是说考查主语和谓语动词的单复数对应。
谓语动词用单数还是用复数,这不仅仅取决于主语的单复数形式,有的时候还要看懂主语的单复数意义,所以要揭开庐山真面目,找到句子中真正的主语。
主谓一致主要遵循的三个原则:语法一致,意义一致,就近原则。
语法一致,数决定谓语动词的单复数形式,即主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。
意义一致,是说有的时候主语看似是复数,但其实是单数;有时,主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词要依意义而定,也采用复数形式。
“这就要考虑主语的单复数意义了。
就近原则,是指一些特殊短语做主语,比如,neither…nor,either…or,not…but…,not only…but also等,谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
谓语动词的变化一、就近原则(1).由“or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not…but…”等连接的并列主语,谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。
Either my wife or I am going. Not only you but also he is ready to leave.Neither you nor I am fit for the work.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.(2).“There be +名词”句型中的主语不止一个时,谓语通常和最近的主语保持一致。
There is a book and three pens on the desk.二、谓语动词用复数的情况(1).由“both…and…”连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;如:Both bread and butter are sold out.(2).“people,police,cattle”等集体名词作主语,谓语用复数。
主谓一致的原则主谓一致是英语语法中的基本原则之一,指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
主谓一致的正确运用能够使句子表达更加准确,符合语言规范。
本文将详细介绍主谓一致的原则,并通过一些例子来加深理解。
一、基本原则在英语句子中,主语和谓语之间必须保持一致,具体包括以下几个方面:1. 人称一致:主语是第一人称(I、we)、第二人称(you)或第三人称(he、she、it、they)时,谓语动词的形式必须与之一致。
例如:- I am a student.(我是一名学生。
)- He sings beautifully.(他唱得很美。
)2. 数一致:主语是单数形式时,谓语动词的形式也要用单数;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词的形式也要用复数。
例如:- The dog barks loudly.(这只狗叫得很大声。
)- The birds are chirping.(鸟儿正在鸣叫。
)3. 特殊情况:有些特殊情况下,主谓一致的原则会有一些变化。
例如:- 不定代词:somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody等当作主语时,谓语动词形式使用第三人称单数形式。
例如:Nobody wants to go with me.(没有人想和我一起去。
)- 连接词:and连接的主语,如果表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词的形式使用第三人称单数形式;如果表示不同的人或物时,谓语动词的形式使用第三人称复数形式。
例如:Tom and Jerry is a famous cartoon.(汤姆和杰瑞是一部著名的卡通片。
)The boys and girls are playing in the park.(男孩和女孩们正在公园里玩耍。
)二、例题分析为了更好地理解主谓一致原则,以下通过一些例题来进行详细分析。
例题1:The team _____ working on the project.(be)在这个例句中,主语是"the team",是单数形式,因此谓语动词的形式应该使用单数,填入be的单数形式"is",句子变为:"The team is working on the project."例题2:He and his friends _____ going to the concert.(be)在这个例句中,主语是"he and his friends",表示多个人,因此谓语动词的形式应该使用复数,填入be的复数形式"are",句子变为:"He and his friends are going to the concert."例题3:One of the students _____ the exam.(fail)在这个例句中,主语是"one of the students",表示多个学生中的一个,因此谓语动词的形式应该使用第三人称单数,填入fail的第三人称单数形式"fails",句子变为:"One of the students fails the exam."三、常见错误在使用主谓一致时,常见的错误包括以下几种:1. 混淆主谓的人称和数:主语与谓语之间的人称和数要保持一致,不可以混淆。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义:主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能:确保句子语法正确,意义清晰。
●主谓关系:主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系,这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“either...or...”结构中,根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时,需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理:如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时,需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时,需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时,谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题:提供一些练习题,帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析:对练习题进行详细的答案解析,帮助学生理解自己的错误,并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结,强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性,并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
主谓一致如何正确搭配主语和谓语主谓一致是语法中一个重要的概念,它指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
正确搭配主语和谓语可以帮助我们避免在表达时出现不清晰或者语法错误的情况。
本文将详细探讨主谓一致的正确搭配方法。
一、人称的一致性人称是主谓一致的首要要素。
一般来说,谓语动词的形式变化取决于主语的人称。
1. 第一人称单数:主语为“I”,谓语动词要用第一人称单数形式。
例如:“I am a student”(我是一个学生)。
2. 第二人称单数:主语为“You”,谓语动词用第二人称单数形式。
例如:“You are a teacher”(你是一位老师)。
3. 第三人称单数:主语为“He/She/It”,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
例如:“He is a doctor”(他是一名医生)。
4. 第一人称复数:主语为“We”,谓语动词用第一人称复数形式。
例如:“We are students”(我们是学生)。
5. 第二人称复数:主语为“You”,谓语动词用第二人称复数形式。
例如:“You are teachers”(你们是老师)。
6. 第三人称复数:主语为“They”,谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。
例如:“They are doctors”(他们是医生)。
二、数量的一致性在某些句子中,主语和谓语的数量也需要保持一致。
1. 单数主语:主语为单数形式,谓语动词也要用单数形式。
例如:“The cat is sleeping”(这只猫正在睡觉)。
2. 复数主语:主语为复数形式,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
例如:“The cats are playing”(这些猫正在玩耍)。
三、特殊情况的处理除了基本的人称和数量一致原则,还有一些特殊情况需要注意。
1. 以“each”、“every”或者“either...or...”结构作为主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:“Each student has a book”(每个学生都有一本书)。
中考英语知识点梳理主谓一致讲解主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
在英语中,主谓一致是非常重要的语法规则,它能够帮助我们正确地表达句子的语法结构和意思。
下面是关于中考英语主谓一致的知识点梳理。
1.一般情况下,主谓一致是指主语是单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词要用原形。
例:- He plays basketball every day.(他每天都打篮球。
)- They play basketball every day.(他们每天都打篮球。
)2. 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要加上-s或-es。
例:- She likes reading.(她喜欢阅读。
)- He goes to school by bus.(他坐公交车去学校。
)3. 当主语是以-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o结尾的名词时,谓语动词要加上-es。
例:- The bus stops here.(公交车在这里停。
)- Tom watches TV every evening.(汤姆每天晚上看电视。
)4. 当主语是以辅音字母+y结尾的名词时,谓语动词要变成以-ies结尾。
例:- The baby cries all night.(婴儿整晚哭。
)- The puppies play in the garden.(小狗在花园里玩。
)5.当主语是以元音字母+y结尾的名词时,谓语动词要加上-s。
例:- The toy is on the bed.(玩具在床上。
)- The boy stays at home.(男孩待在家里。
)6.当主语是由两个或多个名词作并列主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
例:- Tom and his friends are going to the park.(汤姆和他的朋友们要去公园。
)- My father and mother are doctors.(我的爸爸和妈妈是医生。
2024年初中英语语法专题复习之主谓一致主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要概念,指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
在英语中,主语的人称和数取决于主语本身,而不是谓语动词的形式。
例如,“The group of students is studying for the exam.”在这个句子中,“group”是复数形式,因此“is”也是复数形式。
主谓一致的应用场景包括一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时等。
在一般现在时中,主语通常是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
例如,“The cat is sleeping on the mat.”在一般过去时中,主语通常是第一、第二或第三人称单数,谓语动词要用相应的过去式形式。
例如,“Tom played soccer yesterday.”在现在进行时中,主语通常是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
例如,“He is studying for the exam at the moment.”为了掌握主谓一致的规则,我们需要掌握三个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致[1]。
其中,语法形态一致指的是主语和谓语在时态、语态等方面的一致;逻辑意义一致指的是主语和谓语在意义方面的一致;就近一致指的是谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的一致需要注意的是,当主语为不可数名词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例如,“The water in the bottle is cold.”另外,当主语为复数形式时,谓语动词也要用复数形式。
例如,“The group of students are studying for the exam.”考生需要注意以下几个方面:首先,以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。
例如,“The boy runs quickly”(这个男孩跑得很快)和"The boys run quickly"(这些男孩跑得很快)。
暑假专题:谓语动词的人称变化——主谓一致英文中主语和谓语必须在人称、数量方面保持一致,这就是主谓一致。
当句子的主语涉及到不同的人称时,谓语动词的第一动词要与主语的人称和单复数保持一致。
主谓一致的关键是判断主语是单数还是复数。
例:I raise my arm.我抬起我的手臂。
He raises his arm.他抬起他的手臂。
1. 主谓一致主要体现在主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要变成相应的单数形式。
动词第三人称单数的变化规则与名词单数变复数相同。
例:He buys a new bicycle.他买了一辆新的自行车。
They buy a new bicycle. 他们买了一辆新的自行车。
2. 谓语和主语的单复数一致,实际上只反映在第一个动词之上。
例:He has seen her in the garden.他在花园中见到了他。
I have seen her in the garden. 我在花园中见到了他。
规则总结【典型例题】1. No one except two students ______ the meeting.A. has been late forB. have been late forC. was late forD. were late for2. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.A. am goingB. is goingC. are goingD. was going3. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.A. areB. wereC. isD. was4. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.A. have arrivedB. are arrivingC. had arrivedD. has arrived5. A number of cars ______ in front of the parkA. is parkedB. was parkedC. are parkedD. has parked[参考答案]1~5 CCCDC【模拟试题】(答题时间:25分钟)1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.A. amB. beC. isD. are2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.A. hasB. haveC. hadD. is having3. Every means ______ tried but without much result.A. has beenB. have beenC. areD. is4. There ______ in this room.A. are too much furnitureB. is too many furnituresC. are too much furnituresD. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.A. wereB. areC. wasD. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.A. amB. isC. areD. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.A. isB. areC. hasD. was8. Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.A. attendsB. attendC. are attendingD. have attended9. ______ was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the studentsB. Both the students and the teacherC. Neither the teacher not the studentsD. Not the students but the teacher10.“______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”A. Will beB. IsC. AreD. Were11. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.A. areB. hasC. isD. were12. Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.A. has been keptB. is being keptC. have keptD. have been kept13. All that can be done ______.A. has doneB. has been doneC. have doneD. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _______.A. is missingB. has been missedC. are missingD. was missing15. More than one worker ______ dismissed.A. have beenB. areC. has beenD. has16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.A. have realizedB. has realizeC. have been realizedD. has been realized17. The gas works ______ near the city.A. isB. areC. wereD. be18. The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were19. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A. has arguedB. has been arguingC. have arguedD. have been arguing20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A. isB. wasC. areD. has been21. Cattle ______ on the hillside.A. grazesB. is grazingC. was grazingD. were grazing22. Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.A. isB. areC. wasD. has been23. Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.A. isB. areC. wereD. have been24. The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.A. liesB. lieC. layD. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.A. isB. amC. areD. was26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.A. is goingB. are goingc. has been going D. have been going27. What caused the accident ______ on the road.A. were stoneB. were stonesC. was stoneD. was stones28. Wisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.A. isB. areC. wereD. have been29. ______ is to attend our evening.A. Both the singer and the dancerB. Either the singer or dancersC. The singer or dancersD. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.A. hadB. has been havingC. are havingD. were having【试题答案】1~5 CAADC 6~10 CBADB 11~15 CDBCC 16~20 BABDC 21~25 DBAAC 26~30 ABBDD。
主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化;主谓一致原则:1、语法上的一致所谓语法一致原则,即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致;谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语为单数或者是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界;We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来;使用语法一致的情况1当主语是and,both…and连接的并列结构如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数;My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影;Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦;注意:由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式;Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育;No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会;2主语后面接说明主语的修饰语主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如:with,along with,together with,as well as,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系;The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议;The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道,也学会了开汽车;A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家;E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用;Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密;All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了;3非谓语动词或从句作主语非谓语动词动词的-ing形式、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式;When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来;Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的;To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事;When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定;注意:当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定;What we need here is money.我们这里需要的是资金;What we need here are workers.我们这里需要的是工人;Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与偷窃是不道德的;4each和复合不定代词作主语each和some/any/no一个比一个差;Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案;Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你;Is there anything in the box箱子里有什么东西吗There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶;5“many a +单数名词”作主语“many a、很多/more than one不只一个+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京;There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案;6“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩;He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生;注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语,定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式;Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩;7由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses眼镜,scissors剪刀,shorts 短裤,shoes鞋子,trousers裤子等作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数形式;His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜碎了,因而看不清楚;His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的;注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时,则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式;Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了;This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售;2、意义上的一致意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义;若主语形式上为复数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数;若主语形式上为单数,而意义上为复数,则动词用复数;The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲;The police are looking into the matter. 警察正在调查此事;使意义上的一致的情况1由and连接两个并列主语其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式;但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时,谓语动词要用单数,有时两个名词共用一个冠词;The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说;两个名词共用一个冠词There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯哈利的记者兼作家;Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策;注意:用and连接起来的两个单数主语,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数;Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八;Time and tide wait/waits for no man .岁月不等人;2形复意单的名词作主语①复数形式的专有名词表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等做主语,通常作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数;The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲;The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.天方夜谭是流传世界各地的名着;The New York Times has a wide circulation.纽约时报销路很广;注意:表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人,谓语也用复数;The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国;Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高;The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请;There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生;②以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语,通常表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式;这类名词有:physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等;Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开设政治课;Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研究工业、贸易生财和用财之道;注意:当这些动词表示有关方面的活动、情况、见解、原理等意思时,谓语动词需用复数形式;What are his politics他的政见如何The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.国家发展经济的原理对现代各国政府都重要;③news,maths,plastics,physics,works,means方法,the United States等虽然以-s结尾,但意义上作为单数看待;“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. 集团军司令说:”随着我们军队的推进胜利的消息接踵而至;”Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.数学/物理是我们必修的科目;Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.所有可能的直至污染的方法都用了,但天空还是不晴朗的;④成对的名词做主语时用单数形式;Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品;His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无限感觉,无限忠于党;⑤“one and a half +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数;One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上;One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间;注意:“one or two+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数;One or two days are enough to see the city.参观该市一两天就足够了;There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一两件事想跟你商量;3有生命的集体名词作主语有生命的集体名词如people,police,cattle,militia作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;Cattle are also kept. 还养了一些牛;There are many people there. 那里有很多人;The police are looking for the thief. 公安人员在搜寻那个小偷;All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平;注意:family,team,class,government,audience,crew,committee等集体名词,如果作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作个别成员看待,谓语动词用复数形式;people作“民族”解时,作单数用;Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all.张家很大,一共12口人;The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 这家人正坐在早餐桌旁;My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭;The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同学正在实验室里做实验;The class has won the honour. 这个班获得了荣誉;The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族;4 名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语,按照意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式;如果指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式,如果指一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;这类形容词有:old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等;The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不开心的时候;The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警察;The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就等于好;5 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了;Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱;Two months is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的;Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我们做这个实验两个小时就够了;Thirty kilometres is a good 公里是一个相当远的距离;注意:如果说话人侧重一个个的个体,谓语动词用复数形式;Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分手以后20年己经过去了;6“a number of十复数可数名词”与“the number of十复数可数名词”作主语“a number of十复数可数名词”表示“一些、许多”的意思,谓语动词用复数;“the number of十复数可数名词”表示“……的数目、数量”,谓语动词用单数;The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.邀请来的人数是50,但很多人因不同的原因没来;A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆丢了许多书;The number of workers in this factory is increasing.这家工厂的工人数目正在增加;7none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词时,有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定;None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区;None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没到;8“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语,这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定;Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖;89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性;In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国,75%的谷物用来喂养动物;Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea. 地球表面的2/3是海洋;Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反对核计划;9表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数,应根据后接名词的单、复数形式而定;这些名间或代词有all,any,enough,half,more,most,the rest,part,some等;The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其余的建筑物并不难上;The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福;Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大部分时间用来读书;Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它;Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上;Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上;10两个主语,一个肯定,一个否定,谓语动词与肯定主语相一致;The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子,而是他的双亲;3、邻近原则邻近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称与数的一致;Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是学生;There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支钢笔,两把椅子和一张桌子;这主要有以下几种情况;1由or,either…or等连接的并列结构作主语由or、either…or、nor、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but连接的并列主语,通常按照就近一致原则,谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定;Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校长在会议上对这些天才的学生颁奖;Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都没有做完试验;Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了,就是他哥哥错了;Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试;Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不仅老师而且他的学生们都研究了这个问题;2在主谓倒装句时在主谓倒装句中,主语并列,谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语相一致;由here或there引导的句子,若有并列主语,谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致;There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和3把椅子;There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有3把椅子、一张书桌和一台电脑;Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿"表里不一"现象:以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致:英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词;它们用法多样,造成了实际使用上的困难,以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题;一以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题二以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题三以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题四以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题五其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题集合名词的主谓一致原则:集合名词作主语时,主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题.对此类问题我们可以从"数"的角度分为四类.1单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类;如:a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army —armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew —crews等;这类集合名词强调的是整体性,即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待;属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数;例如A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每个上午一大群人经常聚集在广场上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已决定通过这一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上;There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有许多讲英语的人但应注意,这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念,所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.2单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体,即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内,所以只有单数形式.如作主语,谓语动词常用单数;这类名词常见的有:humanity,mankind,proletariat等.例如The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.3复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的,就是说它们只有单数形式,但表达的都是复数概念;它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有:police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时,用单数动词或复数动词均可,有时意义区别不大.例如The school teaching staff are is excellent.The public is are requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claims to be badly paid.这类集合名词常见的有:class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience 等.根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体,就认为是单数,用单数动词;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话,就认为其为复数,用复数动词;试比较:The football team is playing well.那个足球队打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡,然后来这里吃茶点;The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭;That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴;巧记主谓一致原则:单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单,如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间;有些名词谓常复,people,police即这般;主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关,many a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单;or、nor、but also、there be,近主原则挂嘴边;关系代词定主语,谓语根据先行词判;不定式短语、动名词,主语从句谓全单;时间、货币与距离,谓语多单复少见,rest,means,fol1owing等,意义决定其复、单;none,all,half of等,of之宾语定答案;还有分数、百分数,仍据of之宾定复、单;代词all指人谓复数,all指事情谓用单;量词用法请注意,谓语要随量词变;and连接两名词,身兼两职一定冠,no,each,every后单名,两件种事物系一概念,以上情况请记清,谓语动词全用单;形容词带the一类人,姓氏复数加定冠,-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛,谓语用复勿用单;neither,either,each,用作主语谓全单;。
暑假专题:谓语动词的人称变化——主谓一致英文中主语和谓语必须在人称、数量方面保持一致,这就是主谓一致。
当句子的主语涉及到不同的人称时,谓语动词的第一动词要与主语的人称和单复数保持一致。
主谓一致的关键是判断主语是单数还是复数。
例:I raise my arm.我抬起我的手臂。
He raises his arm.他抬起他的手臂。
1. 主谓一致主要体现在主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词要变成相应的单数形式。
动词第三人称单数的变化规则与名词单数变复数相同。
例:He buys a new bicycle.他买了一辆新的自行车。
They buy a new bicycle. 他们买了一辆新的自行车。
2. 谓语和主语的单复数一致,实际上只反映在第一个动词之上。
例:He has seen her in the garden.他在花园中见到了他。
I have seen her in the garden. 我在花园中见到了他。
规则总结【典型例题】1. No one except two students ______ the meeting.A. has been late forB. have been late forC. was late forD. were late for2. All but him and me ______ to the exhibition.A. am goingB. is goingC. are goingD. was going3. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.A. areB. wereC. isD. was4. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.A. have arrivedB. are arrivingC. had arrivedD. has arrived5. A number of cars ______ in front of the parkA. is parkedB. was parkedC. are parkedD. has parked [参考答案]1~5 CCCDC【模拟试题】(答题时间:25分钟)1. Each of you ______ responsible for the accident.A. amB. beC. isD. are2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights.A. hasB. haveC. hadD. is having3. Every means ______ tried but without much result.A. has beenB. have beenC. areD. is4. There ______ in this room.A. are too much furnitureB. is too many furnituresC. are too much furnituresD. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.A. wereB. areC. wasD. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.A. amB. isC. areD. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.A. isB. areC. hasD. was8. Either the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.A. attendsB. attendC. are attendingD. have attended9. ______ was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the studentsB. Both the students and the teacherC. Neither the teacher not the studentsD. Not the students but the teacher10.“______ twenty dollars a big sum to her”“I suppose so.”A. Will beB. IsC. AreD. Were11. Three hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.A. areB. hasC. isD. were12. Most of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.A. has been keptB. is being keptC. have keptD. have been kept13. All that can be done ______.A. has doneB. has been doneC. have doneD. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _______.A. is missingB. has been missedC. are missingD. was missing15. More than one worker ______ dismissed.A. have beenB. areC. has beenD. has16. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.A. have realizedB. has realizeC. have been realizedD. has been realized17. The gas works ______ near the city.A. isB. areC. wereD. be18. The surroundings of his house ______ clean now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were19. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A. has arguedB. has been arguingC. have arguedD. have been arguing20. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A. isB. wasC. areD. has been21. Cattle ______ on the hillside.A. grazesB. is grazingC. was grazingD. were grazing22. Her politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.A. isB. areC. wasD. has been23. Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.A. isB. areC. wereD. have been24. The Philippines ______ to the south-east of China.A. liesB. lieC. layD. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always on time.A. isB. amC. areD. was26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.A. is goingB. are goingc. has been going D. have been going27. What caused the accident ______ on the road.A. were stoneB. were stonesC. was stoneD. was stones28. Wisky and soda ______ his favorite drink.A. isB. areC. wereD. have been29. ______ is to attend our evening.A. Both the singer and the dancerB. Either the singer or dancersC. The singer or dancersD. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.A. hadB. has been havingC. are havingD. were having【试题答案】1~5 CAADC 6~10 CBADB 11~15 CDBCC 16~20 BABDC21~25 DBAAC 26~30 ABBDD。