2016年考研英语一真题完整版1 _J*Mi "■*■*■—. 1 — i r M —-/■■ —1'■'■—，J" ™v,™v■- ——IM f —JM . > -J^Bi J .J d — fHB —j'LM — I'Hi _■'■"■ ^JBl'EI—"■*■ ^^Mi'一——■■ . .-1 MM — U _■"■■ __1°I*M _^T H ^-M*U —Sect ion I Use of En glishDirections: Read the followi ng text.Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may in volve not only his pare nts and his frien ds, 1 those of the young woma n, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man ' s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the select ion. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her pare nts have chose n.5 a spouse has bee n selected, each family in vestigates the other to make sure its child is marryi ng 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the1980s it more com monly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short serm onand 8 prayers of bless ing. Parts of the ceremony in volve ritual hair cutt ing, 9 cott on threads soaked in holy water around the bride ' s and groom ' s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditi on ally move in with the wife ' s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not com mon. Divorced pers ons are 15 with some _ disapproval. Each spouse reta ins 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and join tly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced pers ons may remarry, but a gen der prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn ' t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woma n must wait ten mon ths.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange[D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]ln theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]i nto [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]sinee[B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]foldi ng [B]pili ng [C]wrapping[D]tying10. [A]passi ng [B]light ing [C]hiding [D]servi ng11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]u nion12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until[C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge[D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whe never [D]wherever17. [A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed[C]shows[D]clears20. [A]so that[B]while [C]o nee [D]in thatSection IIReadi ng Comprehe nsionPart A Directions: Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ingA,B,C or D. Mark your an swers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 poi nts)Text 1Fran ce,which prides itself as the global inno vator of fashi on, has decided its fashi on in dustry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thi n models on run ways.The parliame nt also agre ed to ban websites that “ in cite excessive thinn ess ” by promoti ngextreme dieti ng. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That ' s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo bey ond protecti ng models from starvi ng themselves to death— as some have don e. It tells the fashi on in dustry that it must take resp on sibility for the sig nal it sends wome n, especially tee nagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determ ine their in dividual worth.18. [A]withdraw n [B]i nvested[C]do nated [D]divided 19. [A]breaks [B]warmsThe ban s, if fully en forced, would suggest to wome n (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps fain tly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe puni shme nt to cha nge a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep —and bon e-show ing. Un der the law, using a fashi on model that does not meet a governmen t-defi ned in dex of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six mon ths in pris on.The fashi on in dustry knows it has an in here nt problem in focus ing on material ador nment and idealized body types. In Den mark, the Un ited States, and a few other coun tries, it is trying to set volun tary sta ndards for models and fashi on images that rely more on peer pressure for en forceme nt.In contrast to France ' s actions, Denmark ' s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashi on Ethical Charter clearly states: “ We are aware of and take resp on sibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. ” The charter ' s main tool of en forceme nt is to deny access for desig ners and modeli ng age ncies to Cope nhage n Fashi onWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashi on In stitute. But in gen eral it relies on a n ame-a nd-shame method of complia nee.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular in dustry.21. Accord ing to the first paragraph, what would happe n in Fran ce?[A] Physical beauty would be redefi ned.[B] New run ways would be con structed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashi on in dustry would decli ne.22. The phrase “ imp inging on ” (Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heighte ning the value of.[B] in dicat ing the state of.[C] losi ng faith in.[D] doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New sta ndards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no Ion ger un der peer pressure.[D] Its in here nt problems are gett ing worse.24. A desig ner is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setti ng a high age threshold for models.[B] cari ng too much about models [C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] purs uing perfect physical con diti ons.25. Which of the followi ng may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starvi ng Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry ' s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in tow ns tha n in the country. In Brita in this has had aShakespeare and the Nati onal Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A cen tury ago Octavia Hill laun ched the Nati onal Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save"the beauty of n atural places for every one forever.with spaces for leisure where they could experienee “ a refreshing air. ” Hill ' s pressure later ledcharacter.curious result. While polls show Brit ons rate the coun tryside alon gside the royal family,It was specifically to provide city dwellersto the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don ' t make countryside any more, andevery year con crete con sumes more of it. It n eeds con sta nt guardia nship.At the n ext electio n none of the big parties seem likely to en dorse this sen time nt. TheCon servatives ' pla nning reform explicitly gives rural developme nt priority over con servati on,even authoriz ing “ off-pla n ” buildi ng where local people might object. The con cept of susta in able developme nt has bee n defi ned as profitable. Labour likewise wants to disc on ti nue local pla nning where coun cils oppose developme nt. The Liberal Democrats are sile nt. Only Ukip, sensing its cha nee, has sided with those pleadi ng for a more con sidered approach to using gree n Iand. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sen sible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where in frastructure is in place. The London age nts Stirli ng Ackroyd recen tly ide ntifiedeno ugh sites for half a milli on houses in the London are alone, with no in trusi on on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provi nces.The idea that “ housing crisis ” equals “ concreted meadows ” is pure lobby talk. The issue is notthe n eed for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Un der lobby pressure, GeorgeOsbor ne favours rural n ew-build aga inst urba n reno vati on and ren ewal. He favours out-of-tow nshopp ing sites aga inst high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural tow ns and villages have grow n and will always grow. They do so best where build ing sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urba n con servatio n areas. Why ruin rural on es?s most Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe crowded country. Halfa century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural cohere nee, while stillpermitt ing low-de nsity urba n liv ing. There is no doubt of the alter native —the corrupted Ian dscapes of souther n Portugal, Spai n or Irela nd. Avoidi ng this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Brita in ' s public sen time nt about the coun tryside[A] didn ' t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much ben efit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27. Accord ing to Paragraph 2, the achieveme nts of the Nati onal Trust are now be[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively rei nforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28. Which of the follow ing can be in ferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is un der attack for oppos ing developme nt.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losi ng political in flue nee.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural con servati on.29. The author holds that George Osborne ' s preferenee[B] The Con servatives may aba ndon "off-plan ” building.[A] highlights his firm sta nd aga in st lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the n ecessity f eas ing the hous ing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice aga inst urba n areas.3O.ln the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciatio n of\[A] the size of populati on in Brita in.[B] the political life in today ' s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the tow n-an d-co untry pla nning in Brita in.Text 3“ There is one and only one social respon sibility of bus in esses, ” Wrote Milt on Friedma n, a Nobel prize-w inning econo mist, “ That is,to use its resources and en gage in activities desig ned toin crease its profit ” . But even if you accept Firedma n ' s premise and regard corporate socialclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create mon etary value for compa ni es-at least whe n they are prosecuted for corrupti on.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,accord ing to an estimate by EPG, a con sult ing firm.This could add value to their bus in esses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “ signal ” that a company ' s productsare of high quality. Second, customers may be willi ng to buy a compa ny ' s products as an in direct resp on sibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders mon ey, things may not be absolutelyway to don ate to the good causes it helps.A nd third, through a more diffuse "halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differe ntiati ng these effects because con sumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by look ing at bribery prosecuti ons under America ' s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not con sume a compa ny ' s products as part of their in vestigati ons, they could be in flue need only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehe nsive CSR programmes ten ded to get more lenient pen alties. Their an alysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms ' political in flue nee, rather tha n their CSR sta nd, that acco un ted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study con cludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be in flue need by a compa ny ' s record in CSR. “ We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategivi ng by about 20% results in fines that gen erally are 40% lower tha n the typical puni shme nt forbridi ng foreig n officials, says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not an swer the questi on of how much bus in esses ought to spe nd on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much compa nies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible ben efits, whe n they decide their do-goodi ng policies. But at least they have dem on strated that whe n compa nies get into trouble with the law, evide nee of good character can win them a less costly puni shme nt.31. The author views Milt on Friedma n ' s stateme nt about CSR with[A] tolera nee[B] skepticism[C] un certa inty[D] approval32. Accord ing to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a compa ny by[A] winning trust from con sumers.[B] guard ing it aga inst malpractices.[C] protect ing it from being defamed.[D] rais ing the quality of its products.33. The expressi on “ more lenient ” (Li ne 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less con troversial[C] less severe[D] more last ing34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company ' s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decisi on.[B] comes across as reliable evide nee.[C] in creases the cha nee of being pen alized.[D] con stitutes part of the in vestigati on.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its n egative effects on bus in esses are ofte n overlooked.[B] The n ecessary amount of compa nies ' spe nding on it is unknown.[C] Compa nies ' finan cial capacity for it has bee n overestimated.[D] It has brought much ben efit to the banking in dustry.Text 41The New York Times ceases to publish stories on n ewspri nt.publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside The in frastructure required to make a physical n ewspaper-pri nti ng presses, delivery trucks tjust expensive; it ' s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don of finan cial con strain ts. Readers are migrat ing away from print any way. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulati on lower, but rush ing to elim in ate its print editi on would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should ' t waste time gett ing out of the print bus in ess, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “ Figuri ng out a way to accelerate that tran siti on would make sensefor them, ” he said, “ but if you discontinue it, you ' re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you. ” Sometimes that ' s worth maki ng a cha nge any way. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdisc ontinuing its DVD-maili ng service to focus on stream ing. “ It was see n as a blun der, ” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? "I wouldn ' t pick a year to end print, ” he said. " I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they ' d feel There will even tually come a day whe n Exactly whe n that day will be is a matter of debate.Sometime in the futurethe paper ' s,there ' s plenty of incentive to ditch print. —isn t have the same setlike they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “ So if you ' re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were help ing, ” Peretti said. “ The n in crease it at a higher rateeach year and esse ntially try to gen erate additi onal revenue. ” In other words, if you ' re going tomake a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year——more tha n twice as mush as a digital-only subscripti on.“ It' s a really hard thing to do and it ' s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn ' t have a legacy bus in ess, ” Peretti remarked. “ But we ' re going to have questi ons like that where we have things we ' re doing that don ' t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it ' s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive. ”36. The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operati on.[B] the pressure from its in vestors.[C] the compla ints from its readers.[D] the in creas ing on li ne ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, i n face of the prese nt situati on, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print editi on for good.[C] aim for efficie nt man ageme nt.[D] make strategic adjustme nts.38.lt can be in ferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a "legacy product[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy bus in esses are bec oming outdated.[B] cautious ness facilitates problem-solvi ng.[C] ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditi on al luxuries can stay un affected.4O.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashi onPart BDirections: Read the follow ing text and an swer the questi ons by choos ing the most suitablesubheadi ng from the A-G for each of the nu mbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extrasubheadi ngs. Mark your an swers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 poi nts)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have con fide nee in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Un derstood the con text[E] Work with professi on als[F] Make it efficie nt[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or in formal the work environment, the way you prese nt yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your compete nee, trustworth in ess, and like ability in just a tenth of a sec ond, solely based on the way you look.The differenee between today ' s workplace and the “ dress for success ” era is that the range of opti ons is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragme nted. In some sett in gs, red sn eakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we prese nt is mag ni fied by social-media services like decade or two ago. Mille nni als, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal gen erati on yet the most con scious of style and pers onal brandin g. It can be confusing.So how do we n avigate this? How do we know whe n to in vest in an upgrade? And what ' s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:As an executive coach, I ' ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--whe n look ing for a new job, stepp ing into a new or more public role, or cha nging workenvironments. If you ' re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you ' re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there ' s no need for anupgrade and that ' s OK.Get clear on what impact you ' re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For ano ther, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more moder n and stylish.For some one moving from finance to advertis ing, maybe they want to look more “ SoHo. ” (Its OK to use characterizations like that.)yourenvironment? What convey status? Who are your most importa nt audie nces? How do the people you respect and look up to prese nt themselves? The better you un dersta nd the cultural con text, the more con trol you can have over your impact.En list the support of professi on als and share with them your goals and con text. Hire a pers onal stylist, or use the free styli ng service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist in stead of a barber.Work with a professi onal photographer in stead of your spouse or frien d. It ' s not as expe nsive as you might think.The point of a style upgrade isn ' t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. I nstead, use it as an opport un ity to reduce decisi on fatigue . Pick a sta ndard work uniformor a few go-to opti ons. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist in stead of shopp ing alone, one article of cloth ing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the followi ng text carefully and the n tran slate the un derl ined segme nts intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don _______ ' t_have_to_learn_how_to_be_mentally_healthy;_it_is_built ___ into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broke n bon e.Me ntal health can ' t be leanned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don ' t understand the value of mental health and we don ' t know how to gain access to it,men tal health will rema in hidde n from us, (47)Our men tal health does n ' t really go any where; like the sun beh ind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidde n from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an in sta nt.Men tal health is the seed that contains self-esteem —con fide nee in ourselves and an ability totrust i n our com mon sen se. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to n ot take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It ' s a from of inn ate or unlearned optimism. (48)Me ntal health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are havi ng troubles, with kindn ess of they are in pain, and with uncon diti on al love no matter who they are. Men tal health is the source of creativity for solvi ng problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative bus in ess idea or inven ti on to make our lives easier. It gives us patie nce for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although men tal health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has bee n there to direct you through all your difficult decisi on s. It has bee n available eve n in the most mundane of life situati ons to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Men tal health has com mon ly bee n called con scie nce, in sti net, wisdom, com mon sen se, or the inner voice. We thi nk of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of in tellige nt thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the follow ing draw ing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) expla in its inten ded meaning, and the n3) give your comme nts.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 poi nts)9武只扯嘤求・不如做个樓粹2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版） Secti on IUse of En glish【答案】B as well as 【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断， 前后是并列关系，选项中只有 B 选项as well as 2、【答案】D decide on 【解析】根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词， 1、 "择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友， ________ 女方的亲朋好友"显然 表示并列关系。
