中考英语语法思维导图之定语从句演示教学
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语法词法10种词性,9种重要
动词
名词
冠词
形容词
副词
介词
代词
连词
数词
感叹词
句法
简单句
陈述句
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
反意疑问句
感叹句
w hat 开头
h ow 开头
祈使句
动词原形开头
含有比较级的名词短语
简单句主干
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+双宾
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
主语+谓语
主语+系动词+表语并列句
一个句号两个谓语,中间含有一个并列连词(
a nd等),两个分句动作没有主次之分
复合句
名词性从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
状语从句9个状语从句。
定语从句定义定语修饰和限定 名词 或 代词 的语法成分定语从句充当 定语 的从句,由关系词引导被修饰的词叫做“ 先行词 ”关系词关系代词who 指人 (主语、 宾语 、 表语 )whom指人 ( 宾语 )whose指人或物 ( 定语 )that指人或物 (主语、宾语 、表语 )which指物 (主语、宾语、表语 ),还可以指代 句子as指人或物 (主语、宾语、表语 )关系副词when (时间)where (地点)why (原因)先行词只有 reason关系副词根据情况有事可以换成“ 介词 + which ”分类限定性定语从句名词+关系词+简单句非限定性定语从句名词or句子+ 逗号 +关系词+简单句特殊用法只用which不用that非限定性定语从句介词之后只用that不用which先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时先行词既有人也有物时主句的主语是疑问词who或which时引导非限制性定语从句时,as 和which的区别as意为:正如……位置: 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中后面的谓语动词多用 see, know, expect, say, mention, reportwhich意为:“这一点”或“这件事”等位置:多放在主句之后。
中考英语语法思维导图之定语从句中考英语定语从句精讲定语从句结构图解(三年经典)2011-2013全国各地中考英语试题精选:定语从句【2011广西百色】 34.The policeman caught the thief ______ has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.A. whichB. whoseC. whomD. who答案: D【解析】考查定语从句的引导词,which 用于指事儿;whose“谁的”;whom“谁”是宾格;who“谁”,是主格,先行词指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,所以要用主作格。
(2011桂林)37. The basketball ________ I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. when37.答案:A【解析】连词的用法。
定语从句的连接词根据先行词来判断,先行词为人时用who或that,先行词为物时用which或that.此题中先行词basketball为物因此用that,故选A。
【河北省2011】43. The teacherscame for a visit are foreigners.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。
who 指代人,在从句做主语和宾语;whom 指代人,在从句做宾语;whose指代谁的,在从句做定语;which指代物,在从句做主语和宾语。
此处修饰先行词是“人”而且在从句中作主语,用who引导。
故选A。
【2011•河南省】32. Tony, tell me the result of t he discussion_____ you had with your dad yesterday.a.what B. which C. when D. who32.答案:考查定语从句。
该句的先行词为the discussion,故用which做关系代词,在从句中做宾语。
语意:…告诉我你和你父亲讨论的结果。
注意:what不是关系词;when做关系副词在从句中做时间状语;who做关系代词时,先行词必须是人。
【2011黑龙江绥化市】()18. This is the camera______my uncle gave me for my birthday.A.whichB. whoC. what答案:A【解析】本题考查定语从句。
句中先行词是名词camera,故用that或which。
【2011广西南宁市】31.My grandparents like to live in a house _______ is not very big but bright and comfortable.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.whose31. 答案:A【解析】考查定语从句。
定语从句的连接词根据先行词来判断,先行词为人时用who或that,先行词为物时用which或that.此题中先行词house为物因此用that,故选A。
【2011贵州贵阳】41. Mary Smith says she likes to have friends_________ are different from her.A. whoseB. whichC. who答案:C【解析】这里考查的是定语从句,先行词是人,故排除B,同时又在从句中作主语,故应用who。
【2011湖南湘西】24. Do you know the girl _________ is singing in the classroom?A. whenB. whoC. which答案:B【解析】考查定语从句的引导词定语从句修饰人时用that 和 who,这里只能选B.(2011湖南岳阳中考)30.I can’t forget the timethe earthquake happened in Yushu.A. whenB. whichC. where解析:本题考查定语从句。
the ti me表时间,故答案选A。
【2011山东滨州】33. I hate people _________don’t help others when they are in trouble.A. whoB. whichC. whoseD. where答案:A【解析】考查定语从句的用法。
由先行词people 决定定语从句的引导词指人,并且作主语,因此排除B,D。
whose“谁的”,用作定语,故选A。
【浙江湖州】 21.— What kind of movies do you like?— I like the movies ____ are about Chinese history.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. that答案:D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。
句意:-你喜欢哪种电影?-我喜欢关于中国历史的影片。
先行词the movies为物,要用指物的关系代词that。
排除其他选项。
故选D。
【2011浙江衢州】23. The photos successfully show the rich culture ______makes Beijing so famous.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. why答案:B【解析】定语从句。
定语从句修饰 the rich culture, 先行词是物,用which。
【2011•四川成都】34. The old man asked the girl to take another seat he wanted to sit next to his wife.A. becauseB. so thatC. so答案:B【解析】考查连词及状语从句。
由句意知:那位老人让那个女孩坐另一座位的“目的”就是想坐到妻子旁边。
故用so t hat(以便)引导目的状语从句。
【2011•四川成都】42. Kate was so gladshe received a Christmas gift from his grandparents away in Thailand.A. thatB. whenC. if答案:B【解析】考查连词及状语从句。
句意:Kate收到她远在泰国的祖父母的礼物时,是那么的高兴。
注意:不要误认为是“so...that”引导的结果状语从句。
因为后面从句不是前面主句的结果。
【2011四川绵阳】14. The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose答案:C【解析】考查定语从句的用法。
Whom指人,作从句的宾语;which指物,作从句的主语或宾语;who指人,作从句的主语或宾语;whose即指人也指物,作从句的定语,后跟名词。
根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语,而“the girl”指人,故选C。
12.【2011•扬州】One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by foreigners is the West Slender Lake.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. /答案:C【解析】定语从句。
根据句意:被外国旅游者参观的最著名的地方是西湖。
Are often visited by foreigners修饰先行词places。
【2011湖北黄冈】38. —Who is your new head teacher this semester?—The woman _______ is wearing a red skirt.A. whomB. whoC.whoseD. which答案:B【解析】关系代词的用法。
本题先行词“the woman”为“人”,故选择关系代词who。
【2011•铜仁】32. Li Mei is the student _________ handwriting is the b est in our class.A. whoseB. whomC. whoD. that答案:A【解析】定语从句的用法。
who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。
whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
由handwriting可推断关系代词做定语,故选A。
【2011呼和浩特】10. ---- Is there anyone here name isBetty?---- Sorry, I don’t know.A. whoB. whichC.whomD. whose【答案】D【解析】定语从句的考察先行词anyone 是人,在定语从句中做name的定语,所以应用关系代词whose。
【2011四川达州】24.—Where did you go last week?—I went t o Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house he was born in.A. thatB. thereC. whoD. whose答案:A【解析】本题考查定语从句的用法。
根据上下文语境语意:-上个星期你去哪了?-我去了张爱萍的家乡,参观了她出生的地方。
先行词“that”修饰“house”,故本题选A。
【2011•四川南充】26. Is that the man_______ helped us a lot after the earthquake?A. whichB. whoC. whom答案:B【解析】考查定语从句及关系代词用法辨析。
句中先行词为the man,又因为关系词需要做helped的主语,故选who。
注意:用which时,先行词只能是物;而whom只能做宾语。
(2011四川资阳)20.—I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here.—Look, the man _________ is working over there is her brother.A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which答案:A【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。
who “代替人”作主语或者宾语;whom “代替人”作宾语;what不用于宾语从句;which“代替物”作主语或者宾语;先行词为人,在从句中作主语。
故选A。
【2011天津】44. John is the boy_____ legs were badly hurt in the accident.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which答案:A【解析】定语从句。