2019-2020学年深圳第三高级中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年深圳第三高级中学高三英语二模试卷及答案解析

第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

As a nation, we are getting bigger and eating more. But there are effective ways to control your appetite and

eat only as much as you need.

Keep away from low-nutrition snacks

That means ice cream, sweets, chips biscuits, cakes and any other salty orsugary snacks you eat between

meals. Although we have a tendency to eat them, you can learn to live without these

unhealthy-and-fattening-additions to your diet. Try to make it a habit to eat them only when offered at social

events or as a special treat.

Leave half an hour between main course and dessert

Having a break between courses gives your brain time to receive the fullness signal and make you more likely

to refuse the sweet stuff. And, in fact, as soon as you feel the first signals of fullness, remove your plate from the

table. That will tell your brain that food time is over.

Make yours a small helping

Put an end to super-sized portions. You won’t be missing out—today’s small was the medium or large of a

few decade ago. Select or serve yourself a modest portion and eat it slowly enjoying the flavors. Before you know

it, small will feel just right. What’s more, ordering the smaller size leads to wearing the smaller size.

Distract yourself

When you find yourself hunting down food, even though you’re even hungry, do something else for 20

minutes. Drink a large glass of water as thirst is often confused with a desire for food. Choose something that

engages your brain as well as your hands, such as writing a letter or listening to a song. You could also go for a

short walk or do something that you enjoy. If you think you really are hungry, set an alarm for 20 minutes’ time

and if you still want to eat when it rings, fine. If not, the urge will have passed.

1. Which way suits you better if you tend to order a large portion of food?

A. Distract yourself.

B. Make yours a small helping.

C. Keep away from low-nutrition snacks. D. Leave half an hour between main course and dessert.

2. Why should you have a break between main course and dessert?

A. To give people time to chat.

B. To have a good appetite for sweet stuff.

C. To reduce appetite for dessert.

D. To give the host time to remove your plate.

3. When you find yourself pursuing for food, what should you do?

A. Eat some biscuits. B. Eat some sugary snacks.

C. Have some soft drinks. D. Listen to a lovely melody.

B

Thermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like

a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found

a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car

engines, and other energy-generating devices.

“This looks like a very smart way to realize high performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. He

notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This

will be used in the not too far future.”

Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot side and a cool

side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A device’s success at

preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.

Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 when

Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with.

“For practical applications, it’s a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.

Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide the team makes is mixed with Na,

creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an

“n-type” version to conduct negative charges.

Zhao’s team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear

path to making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed

everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65%

of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat. 4. The first paragraph wants to tell us________.

A. The wide use of thermoelectric generators

B. The devices of current thermoelectric generators

C. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectrics

D. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection

5. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?

A. Indifferent. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Worried.

6. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?

A. It was far from a success for practical applications.

B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.

C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devices

D. A “p-type” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges

7. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?

A. Recycle. B. Produce. C. Clean. D. Increase.

C

She is one of mankind’s oldest ancestors and is more than three million years old. New analysis of the arm

bones of Lucy, an early hominid, suggests she was a tree climber. Lucy’s remains were uncovered in Ethiopia in the

1970s, with the 3.18 million-year-old skeleton(骨骼)being the most complete of any upright, walking human

ancestor. Since she was discovered, researchers have debated whether she spent her life in the trees or spent time

walking on the plains as well.

The new evidence from scans of her arm bones proves she spent time climbing and used her arms to pull

herself up. The scans were compared with cross sections of humans and chimpanzees, which spend a mixture of

time in trees and walking on all fours on the ground. They found that the arm bones were more heavily built,

similar to those of chimps, while her lower limbs(下肢)would have meant she walked less efficiently than modern

humans. Professor John Kappelman, atUniversityofTexas, believes the advantage of his study was that it focused

on characteristics that reflect actual behavior during life, suggesting that evenwhen Lucy walked upright, she may

have done so less efficiently than modern humans, limiting her ability to walk long distances on the ground.

Previous studies suggested that Lucy was just 4 feet tall and weighed just 65 pounds. Combining the new data

paints a picture of an ancestor who may have spent a great amount of her time in trees. It also expands on

evidence from earlier this year which claimed that Lucy may have died from a fall, most likely from a tree. The