生物化学词汇——汉英对照A,癌基因, oncogene艾滋病, acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome，AIDS氨喋呤, anminopterin氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase Ⅰ, CPS-Ⅰ氨基末端, amino terminal氨基酸, amino acid氨基酸接纳茎, acceptor stem氨基酸序列, amino acid sequenceδ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸, δ—aminolevulinic acid，ALA氨基酰-tRNA合成酶, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨基酰位, aminoacyl site氨基转移酶, aminotransferase氨甲喋呤, methotrexate, MTX氨肽酶,氨基肽酶, aminopeptidase胺氧化酶, amine oxidaseB巴士德Pastuer靶细胞target cell白化病albinism白三烯leukotrienes，LTs摆动性wobble斑点印迹bot blotting半保留复制semi-conservative replication 半不连续复制semi-discontinuous replication 半胱氨酸cysteine半乳糖galactose, Gal伴侣素chaperonins包涵体inclusion body胞苷cytidine胞嘧啶cytosine，C胞质小RNA small cytoplasmic RNA，scRNA 保守性转座conservative transposition苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylalanine hydroxylase苯酮酸尿症phenyl ketonuria, PKU吡哆胺pyridoxamine吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛pyridoxal必需氨基酸essential amino acid必需基团essential group必需激活剂essential activator编码链coding strand变构部位allosteric site变构调节allosteric regulation变构激活剂allosteric activator变构酶allosteric enzyme变构效应allosteric effect变构效应剂allosteric effector变构抑制剂allosteric inhibitor变性denaturation变性梯度胶电泳denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE辨认位点recognition site标志补救marker rescue表达载体expression vector表构酶epimerase表观Km值apparent Km表面效应surface effect别嘌呤醇allopurinol丙氨酸－葡萄糖循环alanine-glucose cycle丙酮acetone丙酮酸pyruvate丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase病毒癌基因virus oncogene，v-onc卟啉症porphyria补救合成途径salvage pathway不对称转录asymmetric transcription不可逆性抑制作用irreversible inhibitionC参入incorporation残基residue残粒remnant操纵序列operator操纵子operon侧翼区flanking region层析chromatography层粘连蛋白laminin,Ln插入insertion插入序列insertion sequences, IS长末端重复序列long terminal repeat, LTR长萜醇dolichol肠肝循环bilinogen enterohepatic circulation,enterohepatic circulation 超螺旋结构superhelix, supercoil超敏位点hypersensitive site超速离心ultra-centrifuge超速离心法ultracentrifugation超氧物歧化酶superoxide dismutase, SOD沉降系数sedimentation coefficient,S成肽peptide bond formation初级胆汁酸primary bile acids初级转录产物primary transcripts储脂细胞lipocyte串联酶tandem enzyme锤头结构hammerbead structure醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH次黄核苷inosine，I次黄嘌呤inosine次黄嘌呤核苷酸inosine monphosphate, IMP次黄嘌呤核苷酸转移酶adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, APRT次级胆汁酸secondary bile acids从头合成途径de novo synthesis促红细胞生成素erythropoietin，EPO催化基团catalytic group催化型受体catalytic receptor催化性DNA DNAzyme催化性RNA catalytic RNA催化性小RNA small catalytic RNA脆性X综合征fragile X syndrome脆性位点fragile site错配mismatchD大沟major groove代谢库metabolic pool单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase, MAO单纯酶simple enzyme单核苷酸多态性single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs单链DNA结合蛋白single stranded DNA binding protein, SSB单链构象多态性single strand conformation polymorphism, SSCP 单顺反子monocistron单体酶monomeric enzyme胆chole胆钙化醇cholecalciferol胆固醇cholesterol胆固醇7a-羟化酶cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase胆固醇流出调节蛋白cholesterol-efflux regulatory protein, CERP 胆固醇酯酶cholesteryl esterase胆红素bilirubin胆红素脑病bilirubin encephalopathy胆碱choline胆碱酯酶choline esterase胆绿素biliverdin胆绿素还原酶biliverdin reductase胆囊胆汁gallbladder bile胆色素bile pigment胆色素原prophobilinogen，PBG胆素bilin胆素原bilinogen胆酸cholic acid胆盐bile salts胆汁bile胆汁酸bile acids弹性蛋白酶elastase蛋白二硫键异构酶protein disulfide isomerase，PDI蛋白激酶C protein kinase C， PKC蛋白聚糖proteoglycan蛋白聚糖聚合物aggrecan蛋白磷酸酶protein phophatase蛋白酶protease蛋白酶体proteasome，proteosome蛋白质protein蛋白质表达protein expression蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用protein-protein interaction蛋白质的靶向输送protein targeting蛋白质的凝固作用protein coagulation蛋白质数据库protein databasesDNA-蛋白质相互作用DNA-protein interaction蛋白质芯片protein chip蛋白质印迹技术Western blotting蛋白质转换protein turnover蛋白质组proteome蛋白质组学Proteomics氮平衡nitrogen balance倒位酶invertase等电点isoelectric point，pI等位基因特异寡核苷酸 allele-specific ologonucleotide，ASO低血糖diabetes mellitus低血糖症hypoglycemia底物substrate底物水平磷酸化substrate-level phosphorylation底物循环substrate cycle地心引力gravity第二信使secondary messenger点突变point mutation电穿孔electroporation电喷雾质谱electrospray ionization mass spectrometry，ESI-MS 电泳electrophoresis电子传递链electron transfer chain淀粉starchα-淀粉酶α-amylase凋亡apoptosis调节部位regulatory site调节酶regulatory enzymes调节子regulon定位候选基因克隆策略 positional candidate gene approaches定位克隆positional cloning定向排列orientation arrange杜氏肌营养不良症duchenne muscular dystrophy，DMD端粒telomere端粒酶RNA human telomerase RNA，hTR端粒酶逆转录酶human telomerase reverse transcriptase，hTRT端粒酶协同蛋白1 human telomerase associated protein 1，hTP1短串联重复序列short tandem repeat断裂基因splite gene钝性未端blunt end多胺polyamines多巴胺dopamine多不饱和脂酸polyunsaturated fatty acid多功能酶multifunctional enzyme多核糖体polyribosome多接头克隆位点polylinker cloning sites多聚核蛋白体polysome多聚核苷酸polynucleotides多聚体polymer多聚脱氧核苷酸polydeoxynucleotides多酶体系multienzyme system多顺反子polycistron多顺反子mRNA polycistronic mRNA多态性polymorphism多肽polypeptide多肽链polypeptide chain多样性片段diversity segment多元催化multielement catalysisE鹅膏蕈碱 amanitin鹅脱氧胆酸chenodeoxycholic acid儿茶酚胺 catecholamine二次转酯反应 twice transesterification二级结构 secondary structure二甲基丙烯焦磷酸3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, DPP二聚化dimerization二聚体dimer二氢叶酸合成酶dihydrofolic acid synthetase二氢叶酸还原酶 dihydrofolate reductase二巯基丙醇British anti-Lewisite,proteosome， BAL二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acid, DHA二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA二肽酶dipeptidase二硝基苯酚dinitrophenol,DNPF发夹hairpin翻译起始复合物translational initiation complex反基因策略antigene strategy反竞争性抑制作用uncompetitive inhibition反密码子anticodon反式trans反式作用因子trans-acting factor反烯酰CoA异构酶trans enoyl-CoA isomerase反义寡核苷酸antioligonucleotide反转录PCR reverse transcription PCR，RT－PCR反转重复序列inverted repeat泛醌ubiquinone泛素ubiquitin泛素化ubiquuitination泛酸pantothenic acid非mRNA小RNA small non-messenger RNA，snmRNAs非必需氨基酸non-essencial amino acid非必需激活剂non-essential activator非蛋白氮non-protein nitrogen, NPN非定位候选基因克隆策略 position-independent candidate gene approaches非竞争性抑制作用non-competitive inhibition RNA分化加工differential RNA processing分节基因segmentation genes分解代谢阻遏catabolic repression分解物基因激活蛋白catabolite gene activation protein, CAP 分支酶debranching enzyme分支移动branch migration分子伴侣chaperon，molecular chaperon分子克隆molecular clone分子医学molecular medicine粉蝶霉素A piericidin A粉液化芽苞杆菌bacillus amyloliguefaciens粪卟啉原III coproporphyrinogen III，CPGIII粪胆素stercobilin，l-urobilin粪胆素原stercobilinogen，l-urobilinogen丰富基因redundant gene佛波酯phorbol ester5－氟尿嘧啶5-fluorouracil, 5-fu脯氨酸富含域proline-rich domain辅基prosthetic group辅酶coenzyme辅酶I NAD+辅酶II NADP+辅酶Q coenzyme Q，CoQ辅脂酶colipase辅助因子cofactor辅助因子Fis factor for inversion stimulation 辅阻遏剂corepressor腐败作用putrefaction负超螺旋negative supercoil负碳离子carbanion复合体complex复合体Ⅴcomplex V复性renaturation复制replication复制酶replicase复制体replisome复制性转座duplicative transposition复制因子replication factor,RF复制子replicon富含AT AT richG钙调蛋白calmodulin CaM干扰RNA interference RNA，RNAiRNA干涉RNA interference，RNAi甘氨胆酸glycocholic acid甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸glycochenodeoxycholic acid甘露糖mannose, Man甘油激酶glycerokinase甘油磷脂phosphoglycerides甘油三酯triglyceride2-甘油一酯2-monoglyceride肝胆红素hepatobilirubin肝胆汁hepatic bile肝素heparin肝细胞性黄疸hepatocellular jaundice感染infection感受态细胞competent cell岡崎片段Okazaki fragment高保真性high fidelity高脂蛋白血症hyperlipoproteinemia高脂血症hyperlipidemia功能互补实验functional complementation assay功能基因组学functional genomics功能克隆functional cloning共价修饰covalent modification共同的偶配体SMADs common-partner-SMAD，Co-SMADs共有序列consensus sequence谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine synthetase谷氨酰胺酶glutaminase谷丙转氨酶glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT, ALT谷草转氨酶glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT, ASTβ-谷固醇β-sitosterol谷胱甘肽glutathione, GSH谷胱甘肽S-环氧化物转移酶glutathione S-epoxidetransferase 骨形态发生蛋白bone morphogenetic protein，BMPs钴胺素cobalamin钴胺素I transcobalamin I, TC I固醇sterol固醇载体蛋白sterol carrier protein, SCP固定化酶immobilized enzyme寡核苷酸点阵oligonucleotide arrays寡核苷酸微芯片oligonucleotide micro-chip寡核苷酸杂交分析oligonucleotide hybridization analysis寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme寡霉素oligomycin寡肽oligopeptide寡肽酶oligopeptidase关键酶key enzymes管家基因housekeeping gene光修复light repairing光修复酶photolyase胱甘肽S-转移酶glutathione S-transferase滚环复制rolling circle replication6-果糖双磷酸酶-2 6-phosphofructokinase-2果糖双磷酸酶-2 fructose biphosphatase-2过渡态transition state过氧化酶体peroxisomes过氧化氢酶catalase，peroxidaseHALA合酶ALA synthaseATP合酶ATP synthase核磁共振技术nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR核蛋白nuclear protein核蛋白体RNA ribosomal RNA，rRNA核蛋白体蛋白质ribosomal protein,rp核蛋白体结合位点ribosomal binding site, RBS核蛋白体循环ribosomal cycle核定位信号nuclear localization signal, NLS核定位序列nuclear localization sequence,NLS核苷 ribonucleoside核苷二磷酸nucleoside diphosphate，NDP核苷三磷酸nucleoside triphosphate，NTP核苷酸nucleotide核苷一磷酸nucleoside monophosphate，NMP核黄素riboflavin核酶 ribozyme核内不均一RNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA，hnRNA 核内小分子RNA small nuclear RNA，snRNA核仁小分子RNA small nucleolar RNA，snoRNA核输入因子nuclear importin核酸 nucleic acid核酸内切酶endonuclease核酸外切酶exonuclease核糖核苷酸ribonucleotide核糖核酸ribonucleic acid，RNA核糖体ribosome核小体nucleosome核心颗粒core particle核心酶core enzyme核因子κB nuclear factor-κB， NF-κBPribnow盒Pribnow box黑色素melanin亨丁顿舞蹈病Huntington disease恒定片段constant segment后基因组计划post-Human Genome Project, PHGP呼吸控制率respiratory control ratio, RCR呼吸链respiratory chainb-胡萝卜素b-carotene琥珀酸CoA succinyl CoA琥珀酸CoA合成酶succinyl-CoA synthetase琥珀酸脱氢酶succinate dehydrogenasea互补alpha complementation互补 complementary互补的单链DNA complementary DNA花生四烯酸arachidonic acid化学渗透假说chemiosmotic hypothesis化学修饰chemical modificationHMG CoA还原酶HMG CoA reductase环loop环丁基环cyclobutane ringD-环复制D-loop replication缓激肽bradykinin黄疸 jaundice黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthosine oxidase黄素单核苷酸flavin mononucleotide, FMN黄素蛋白flavoprotein黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD恢复 rescue回文结构palindrome混合功能氧化酶mixed-function oxidase混合微团mixed micelles活化能activation energy活化素activin活性部位active site活性区activation domain，AD活性中心active center获得性突变gain-of-function mutationJ肌酸creatine肌酸酐creatinine肌酸激酶creatine kinase, CK肌营养不良蛋白dystrophin基本重组general recombination基本转录因子general transcription factors基底层bacal laminae基膜baxal lamina基因gene基因靶向gene targeting基因沉默因子silencing factor基因工程genetic engineering基因间隔gene spacer基因矫正gene correction基因克隆gene cloning基因疗法gene therapeutics基因敲除gene knock-out基因失活gene inactivation，loss-of-function mutations 基因文库gene library基因芯片gene chip基因芯片点阵genechip arrays基因增补gene augmentation基因诊断gene diagnosis基因治疗gene therapy基因置换gene replacement基因重组genetic recombination基因转移gene transfer基因族gene family基因组genome，genomics基因组DNA genomic DNA基因组DNA文库genomic DNA library基因作图genetic mapping激动型G蛋白stimulatory G protein，Gs激活蛋白activator激活功能activation function激活剂activator激素反应元件hormone response element激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase, HSL 级联系统cascade system即刻早期反应基因immediate-early gene，IEG急性时相蛋白质acute phase protein APP急性时相反应物acute phase reactant APR己糖激酶hexokinase加单氧酶monooxygenase甲基化methylation甲基化酶methylase甲基转移酶methyl transferase甲硫氨酸循环 methionine cycle甲羟戊酸mevalonic acid, MVA甲胎蛋白α-fetoproteinN-甲酰甲硫氨酸 N-formyl methionine，fMet假尿嘧啶ψ，pseudouridine假神经递质false neurotransmitter间接胆红素indirect reacting bilirubin间接体内疗法ex vivomRNA剪接mRNA splcing剪接splicing剪接接口splicing junction剪接体splicesome检查点check point简并性degeneracy碱基base碱基对base pairs, bp碱性亮氨酸拉链basic leucine zipper碱性螺旋-环-螺旋basic helix-loop-helix降解degradation交联对话cross talk胶原collagen胶原微纤维collagen fibril胶原纤维collagen fiber焦谷氨酸pyroglutamic acid焦磷酸法尼酯farnesyl pyrophosphate, FPPUDPG焦磷酸化酶UDPG pyrophosphorylase焦磷酸硫胺素thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP酵解途径glycolytic pathway酵母yeast酵母基因剔除yeast knockout project酵母人工染色体载体yeast artificial chromosome vector, YAC酵母双杂交系统yeast two-hybrid-system阶段特异性stage specificity接合作用conjugation接受体acceptor结构基因structural gene结构基因组学structural genomicsSH2结构域Scr homology 2 domainSH3结构域Scr homology 3 domain结构域domain结合胆汁酸conjugated bile acidpoly(A)结合蛋白poly(A)-binding protein，PABP结合反应conjugation reactionATP结合盒转运蛋白AI ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ABCA1 结合基团binding group结合酶conjugated enzyme结合区binding domain，BD结合体adaptorDNA结合域DNA binding domain解缠酶untwisting enzyme解毒作用detoxication解磷定pyridine aldoxime methyliodide，PAM解螺旋酶helicase解偶联蛋白uncoupling protein解偶联剂uncoupler金属激活酶metal-activated enzyme金属酶metalloenzyme紧张态tense state进位entrance茎stem茎环stem-loop精胺spermine精脒spermidine竞争性抑制作用competitive inhibition矩形双曲线rectangular hyperbola巨幼红细胞性贫血megaloblastic anemiaRNA聚合酶RNA-pol聚合酶链反应polymerase chain reaction, PCR聚糖glycan绝对特异性absolute specificityM麦角钙化醇ergocalciferol麦角固醇ergosterol麦芽糖 maltose慢反应物质slow reacting substances of analphylaxis锚蛋白ankynin帽结构 cap sequence帽结合蛋白cap binding proteins，CBPsDNA酶deoxyribonuclease，DNaseRNA酶ribonuclease, RNase酶enzyme酶促反应动力学kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction酶蛋白 poenzyme酶联免疫测定法enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA酶免检测分析enzyme immunodetection assay酶偶联测定法enzyme coupled assays酶原zymogen门管周带periportal zone靡蛋白 chymotrypsin米氏方程式Michaelis equation密度梯度离心density gradient centrifugation密码子 codon嘧啶pyrimidine免疫印迹immunoblotting模板template模板理论piecing theory模板链 template strand模体motif末端转移酶terminal transferase母亲效应基因maternal effect genes目的基因target DNAN内分泌 endocrine内分泌信号endocrine signal内含子 intron内化internalization内皮生长抑制蛋白vastatin内皮抑素endostatin内肽酶 endopeptidase内因子intrinsic factor, IF内在序列同源结构internal seguence homology内酯酶 lactonase内质网 endoplasmic reticulum，ER尼克酸 nicotinic acid逆向转运reverse cholesterol transport, RCT逆转录 reverse transcription逆转录病毒retro-virus, RV逆转录酶reverse transciptase 鸟氨酸脱羧酶orinithine decarboxylase鸟氨酸循环orinithine cycle鸟苷guanosine鸟苷酸结合蛋白,G蛋白guanylate binding protein鸟嘌呤 guanine，G鸟嘌呤环化酶guanylyl cyclase，GC尿卟啉原 I同合酶UPG I cosynthased-尿胆素d-urobilini-尿胆素i-urobilind-尿胆素原d-urobilinogen尿苷uridine尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, UDPGA 尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖uridine diphophate glucose, UDPG尿嘧啶 uracil，U尿嘧啶核苷酸uridine monophosphate, UMP尿素循环urea cycle柠檬酸citrate柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环citrate pyruvate cycle柠檬酸合酶citrate synthase柠檬酸裂合酶citrate lyase凝集素样受体lectin-like receptor凝胶过滤gel filtration牛磺胆酸taurocholic acid牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸taurochenodeoxycholic acidO偶氮还原酶类azoreductaseP偶氮还原酶类azoreductase爬行模型inchworn model排出位exit site旁分泌paracrine旁分泌信号paracrine signal胚胎干细胞embryonic stem cell 配体ligand配体蛋白ligandin配伍未端compatible endH片段H segmentKlenow片段Klenow fragment片段重组体patch recombinant嘌呤purine嘌呤核苷酸循环purine nucleotide cycle拼接重组体splice recombinant 平行分子遗传学分析parallel molecular genetic analysis苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭malate-asparate shuttle苹果酸脱氢酶fumarate hydratase，malate dehydrogenase DEAE葡聚糖介导转染DEAE dextran-mediated transfection葡糖醛酸胆红素bilirubin glucuronideUDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶UDP-glucuronyl transferases, UGT葡萄糖glucose， Glc葡萄糖－6-磷酸酶glucose-6-phophatase葡萄糖激酶glucokinase葡萄糖耐量glucose tolerence葡萄糖转运体glucose transporter，GLUTQ栖热水生菌thermus aquaticus启动元件initiator启动子promoter起点origin起始tRNA initiator-tRNA起始密码initiation coden 起始因子initiation factor,IF前病毒provirus前导片段leader segment 前列腺环素prostacyclin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG前脑forebrain前清蛋白prealbumin, PAβ-羟丁酸β-hydroxybutyrate羟化酶hydroxylase3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰CoA合酶3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase, HMG CoA synthase 鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘脂sphingolipids切除修复excision repairing切口-封闭酶nicking-closing enzyme5-氢过氧化廿碳四烯酸5-hydroperoxy-eicotetraenoic acid, 5-HPETE清蛋白albumin清道夫受体scavenger receptor, SR球蛋白globulin区带zone去饱和酶desaturase去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine全酶 holoenzyme醛缩酶aldolase醛脱氢酶aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH缺口nick缺失deletionR染色体chromosome染色体步移chromosome walking染色体畸形chromosomal abnormality染色质chromatin热休克蛋白heat shock proteins, Hsp人类白细胞抗原human leucocyte antigen，HLA人类基因组计划human genome project, HGP人类免疫缺陷病毒human immuno-deficiency virus，HIV溶菌生长途径lysis pathway溶血性黄疸hemolytic jaundice溶源菌生长途径lysogenic pathway融解温度elting temperature, Tm肉碱carnitine肉碱-脂酰肉碱转位酶carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase肉碱脂酰转移酶I carnitine acyl transferase I乳酸lactate乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase乳糖操纵子lac operon朊病毒蛋白prion protein, PrPS三级结构tertiary structure三联体密码triplet code三链DNA形成脱氧寡核苷酸triplex-forming oligonucleotide, TFO三链技术triplex approach三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle三叶草形cloverleaf patternB沙门氏菌 B Salmonella鲨烯squalene鲨烯合酶squalene synthase筛选screening上调up regulation上游因子upstream factors射线radiation,RADX射线衍射法X-ray diffraction神经鞘磷脂sphingomyelin神经肽neuropeptide肾上腺素epinephrine生长因子growth factor生糖氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid生酮氨基酸ketogenic amino acid生物胞素biocytin生物催化剂biocatalyst生物大分子biomacromolecule生物化学biochemistry生物素biotin生物信息学bioinformatics生物氧化biological oxidation 生物转化biotransformationa-生育酚当量a-tocophenol equivalents, a-TE生殖细胞germ line cell石胆酸lithocholic acid时间特异性temporal specificity视蛋白opsin视黄醇retinol视黄醇结合蛋白retinol binding protein, RBP视黄醇磷酸retinyl phosphate视黄醛retinal视黄酸retinoic acid视网膜母细胞瘤retinoblastoma饰胶蛋白decorin释放因子release factor，RF HDL受体HDL recepter受体receptor受体调节的SMADs receptor-regulated-SMAD，R-SMADsLDL受体相关蛋白LDL receptor related protein, LRP6－疏基嘌呤6-mercaptopurine， 6MP鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌salmonella typhimurium衰减attenuation衰减区域attenuator region衰减子attenuator双倒数作图法double reciprocal plot双链duplex1,6-双磷酸果糖1,6-fructose-biphosphate，F-1，6-2P双螺旋double helix双色荧光探针杂交系统two-color fluorescent probe hybridization双缩脲反应biuret reaction双向复制bidirectional replication 双性α-螺旋amphipathicαhelix水解酶类hydrolases水溶性维生素water-soluble vitamin顺反子cistron顺式cis顺式作用元件cis-acting element瞬时转染transient transfection丝氨酸磷脂phosphatidyl serine丝甘蛋白聚糖serglycin四级结构quaternary structure四膜虫tetrahymena四氢叶酸tetrahydrofolic acid, FH4 or THFA松弛酶relaxing enzyme松弛态relaxed state酸性激活域acidic activation domain随从链lagging strandDNA损伤DNA damage羧基末端carboxyl terminal羧基末端结构域carboxyl terminal domain, CTD羧基肽酶A carboxypeptidase AT肽peptide肽单元 peptide unit肽-脯氨酰顺反异构酶peptide prolyl cis-trans isomerase,PPI肽核酸peptide nucleic acid, PNA肽酶 peptidase肽酰位 peptidyl site肽转位复合物 peptide translocation complex糖蛋白 glycoprotein糖复合物 glycoconjugates糖苷键 glycosidic bondDNA糖苷酶DNA glyclsidase糖酵解 glycolysis糖尿病 hyperglycemia and glucosuria糖型 glycoform糖异生 gluconeogenesis糖异生途径gluconeogenic pathway糖原 glycogen糖原储存疾病 glycogen storage disease糖原分解 branching enzyme，glycogenolysis糖原合酶 glycogen synthase糖原累积症Calmodulin套索RNA lariat RNA特异位点重组 site-specific recombination特异转录因子 special transcription factors体内试验，直接体内疗法in vivo体外试验，试管内in vitro体细胞 somatic cell体细胞基因治疗somatic cell gene therapy天冬酰胺 asparagine铁硫簇iron-sulfur cluster, Fe-S铁硫蛋白 iron-sulfur protein通用性 universal同二聚体 homodimer同工酶 isoenzyme同型半胱氨酸 homocysteine同源 homolog同源重组 homologous recombination3-酮基二氢鞘氨醇3-ketodihydrosphingosine酮体 ketone bodiesα-酮戊二酸α- ketoglutatrateα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex 透明质酸 hyaluronic acid透析 dialysis突变 mutation推荐名称 recommended name退火 anneal，annealing脱水酶 dehydrase脱羧基作用decarboxylation脱羧酶 decarboxyase脱氧胞苷 deoxycytidine脱氧胞苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧单磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide monophosphate,dNMP脱氧胆酸 deoxycholic acid脱氧核苷 deoxyribonucleoside脱氧核苷酸deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, dNMP 脱氧核酶 deoxyribozyme脱氧核糖核苷酸deoxynucleotide脱氧核糖核酸 deoxyribonucleic acid，DNA脱氧鸟苷 deoxyguanosine脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脱氧三磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide triphosphate,dNTP脱氧腺苷 deoxyadenosine脱氧腺苷酸deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脱支酶 glycogen phosphorylaseDNA拓扑异构酶DNA topoisomerase唾液酸酶 neuraminidaseW外肽酶exopeptidase外显子exon网络系统networkDNA微点阵DNA microarray微粒体乙醇氧化系统microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, MEOS微团micelles微纤维fibrilDNA微阵列DNA microarray维生素vitamin胃蛋白酶pepsin胃蛋白酶原pepsinogencDNA文库 cDNA library稳定转染stable transfection无规卷曲random coil无嘌呤/嘧啶核苷酸apurinic/apyuimidinic acids，AP物理图physical map物理作图physical mappingX吸光率absorbance，A稀有碱基rare bases系统名称systematic name细胞癌基因cellular-oncogene，c-onc细胞色素cytochrome, Cyt细胞色素C cytochrome C细胞色素P450 Cytochrome P450，Cyt P450细胞特异性cell specificity细胞外基质extracellular matrixc，ECM细胞周期cell cycle细胞周期蛋白cyclin细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶cyclin dependent kinase,CDK下调down regulation纤连蛋白fibronectin, Fn纤维蛋白fibrin纤维蛋白溶酶原plasminogen纤维蛋白原fibrinogen酰基载体蛋白acyl carrier protein, ACP显微注射microinjection线粒体DNA mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA线粒体孔蛋白mitochondrial porin限速酶limiting velocity enzymes限制性内切核酸酶 restriction endonuclease限制性片段长度多态性restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP 限制–修饰体系restriction-modification system腺病毒adeno-virus, AV腺病毒相关病毒adeno-associated virus, AAV腺苷adenosineS－腺苷甲硫氨酸S－adenosyl methionine, SAM腺苷酸环化酶adenyl cyclase，adenylate cyclase,AC腺苷酸转运蛋白adenine nucleotide transporter腺苷脱氨酶adenosine deaminase，ADA腺嘌呤adenine，A相变异phase variation相对特异性relative specificityTBP相关因子TBP-associated factor, TAF相似性similarity相转变phase variation硝基还原酶类nitroreductase硝酸纤维素nitrocellulose , NC小分子核糖核蛋白体 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, snRNP小沟minor groove小片段干涉 RNA small interfering RNA，siRNA小叶中心带centrolobular zone校读proofread协调表达coordinate expression协调调节coordinate regulation心磷脂cardiolipin心钠素arrionatriuretic peptide, ANPcDNA芯片cDNA chipDNA芯片DNA chip锌指结构zinc finger信号肽signal peptide信号肽酶signal peptidase信号序列signal seguence信号转导signal transduction信号转导子和转录激动子signal transductors and activator of transcription， STAT 信使RNA messenger RNA，mRNA性细胞基因治疗germ line gene therapy胸苷thymidine胸苷激酶thymidine kinase, TK胸苷酸thymidine monophosphate, dTMP胸苷酸合成酶thymidylate synthetase胸腺嘧啶thymine，T胸腺嘧啶二聚体thymine dimer休眠蛋白restinDNA修复DNA repairing序列标志位点sequence tagged sites, STSs序列子sequon旋转酶gyrase选择selection血胆红素hemobilirubin血管紧张素II angiotensin II血红蛋白hemoglubin，Hb血红素heme血红素加氧酶heme oxygenase血浆plasma血尿素氮blood urea nitrogen, BUN血清serum血栓噁烷thromboxane A2,TXA2血液bloodY亚基subunitα-亚麻酸a-linolenic acid亚铁螯合酶ferrochelatase亚油酸linoleic acid烟酰胺nicotinamide延长elongation延长因子elongation factor，EF岩藻糖fucose, Fuc盐析salt precipitation氧化还原酶类oxidoreductases氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation氧化型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ 药物G418 geneticin药物基因组学pharmacogenomics野生型wild type叶酸folic acid一级结构primary structure一碳单位one carbon unit一氧化氮合酶nitric oxide synthase (NOS)一致性consensus依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶DNA-dependent DNA polymerase,DNA-pol依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶DNA dependent RNA polymerase,RNA-pol依赖RNA的DNA聚合酶RNA dependent DNA polymerasecAMP依赖蛋白激酶cAMP-dependent protein kinaseNa+依赖型葡萄糖转运体Na+-dependent glucose transporter，SGLT 胰蛋白酶trypsin胰岛素insulin胰岛素受体底物insulin receptor substrate胰高血糖素glucagon胰脂酶pancreatic lipase遗传密码genetic coden遗传型genotype遗传医学genetic medicine乙醇ethanol乙酰CoA aerobic oxidation乙酰CoA羧化酶acetyl CoA carboxylaseN-乙酰半乳糖胺N-acetylgalactosamine, GalNAcN－乙酰谷氨酸N-acetyl glutamatic acid, AGA乙酰基转移酶acetylaseN-乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylglucosamine, GlcNAcN-乙酰神经氨酸N-acetylneuraminic acid, NeuAc乙酰乙酸acetoacetate异二聚体heterodimer异构酶类isomerases异柠檬酸isocitrate异柠檬酸脱氢isocitrate dehydrogenase异戊巴比妥amobarbital异戊烯焦磷酸△3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate, IPP异源双链heteroduplex异质性heterogeneity抑癌基因cancer suppressive gene,anti-oncogene 抑制剂inhibitor抑制型G蛋白inhibitory G protein，Gi抑制性SMADs inhibitory-SMAD，I-SMADsF因子 F factor引物primer引物酶primase隐性黄疸jaundice occultRNA印迹Northern blottingSouthern印迹Southern blotting印迹技术BlottingDNA印迹术DNA blotting茚三酮反应ninhydrin reactioncAMP应答元件cAMP response elementcAMP应答元件结合蛋白cAMP response element binding protein， CREB 荧光报告分子reporter, R荧光淬灭分子Quencher, Q荧光活化细胞分离器fluorescence activated cell sorter, FACS营养价值nutrition游离胆汁酸free bile acid游离脂酸free fatty acid, FFA有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK诱导剂inducer诱导契合假说induced-fit hypothesis诱导作用induction诱饵bait鱼藤酮rotenone原癌基因proto-oncogenes，pro-onc原卟啉IX protoporphyrin IX原胶原tropocollagen原位PCR in situ PCR, ISP原位杂交in situ hybridization原纤蛋白fibrillin圆二色光谱circular dichroism，CDZ杂化核RNA hetero-nuclear RNA, hn RNA杂化双链hybrid duplex杂交hybridization载体蛋白carrier protein载脂蛋白apolipoprotein, apo增强子enhancer增强子结合蛋白enhancer binding protein增色效应hyperchromic effect增殖细胞核抗原proliferation cell nuclear antigen,PCNA 粘结蛋白聚糖 syndecan粘性末端cohesive endβ-折叠β-pleated sheet真核生物eukaryoteDNA阵列DNA arrays整合integration正超螺旋positive supercoil正协同效应positive cooperativity脂蛋白lipoprotein脂肪酶C lipase C脂肪酸fatty acids脂过氧化酶lipoxygenase脂类lipids脂溶性维生素 lipid-soluble vitamin脂酰CoA合成酶acyl-CoA synthetase脂酰CoA转移酶acyl CoA transferaseN-脂酰鞘氨醇 ceramide脂酰肉碱acyl carnitine脂质体转染lipofectin transfection直接胆红素direct reacting bilirubin直接选择法direct selectionDNA指纹fingerprint质粒plasmid致癌物carcinogen中胆素原mesobilirubinogen，i-urobilinogen中间体intermediate中心体centromer终止termination终止密码termination coden肿瘤基因组解剖工程Cancer Genome Anatomy Project重排rearrangement重症联合免疫缺陷综合症Severe combined immunodeficiency disease，SCIDDNA重组DNA recombination重组recombination重组DNA技术DNA recombination technique,recombinant DNA technology 重组激活基因 recombination activating gene重组信号序列 recombination signal sequence, RSS重组修复recombination repairing注册registration爪蟾xenopus laevis专一蛋白speciallized protein专一性specificity转氨基作用transamination转氨酶transaminase转导作用transduction转钴胺素II transcobalamin II, TC II转化transformation转化生长因子βtransforming growth factor β转换数turnover number转基因transgene转基因动物transgenic animalβ-转角β-turn转录后修饰post-transcriptional modification转录激活因子 transcription activators转录空泡transcription bubble转录起始点transcription start site转录起始前复合物 pre-initiation complex, PIC转录抑制因子 transcription inhibitors转录因子transcriptional factors, TF转录组transcriptome转录组学transcriptomics转醛醇酶transketolase转醛基酶transaldolase转染transfection转位translocation转位酶translocase转移酶类transferases。
