2019届高三英语二模汇编--十一选十

2019 北京西城区高三二模英语2019.5本卷共 10 ，共 120 分。

考 100 分。

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考束后，将本卷和答卡一并交回。

第一部分：知运用（共两，45 分）第一法填空（共10 小；每小 1.5 分，共 15 分）下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未提示的空白填写 1 个适当的，在出提示的空白用括号内所的正确形式填空。

AWhen I was in high school our physics teacher gave us a challenge 1 involved making apaper airplane of any shape. The only objective was to get it to fly as far as possible. 2(stand) at the starting line, one of my classmates took a piece of flat paper, crumpled (把⋯捏成一) it up, and 3 (throw) it down the way. He beat the class with ease. Some of the students gotmad and said that he cheated, but the physics teacher 4 (clear) explained it could be any shapeand that a paper ball was indeed a shape.BBuildings around the world 5 (go) dark for 60 minutes this evening in a voluntary eventknown as Earth Hour. This grassroots effort started in 2007 in Sydney, Australia, and has sincegrown into 6 global movement to raise awareness of our energy consumption and the effects ofclimate change on our planet. Anyone can participate in this movement 7 switching off the lightsat 8:30 PM local time. Last year close to 18,000 landmark buildings switched off their lights in 188countries. Will you dim your lights tonight?CThe story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, both Chinese sneaker brands,suddenly gained international attention. Their products 8 (see) on models all over the worldthen. Last year, Chinese sportswear brand LI-NING was at the New York Fashion Week in Septemberwith new designs 9 (decorate) with Chinese characters. Now the Chinese brands are impressive andambitious and can go head to head with foreign brands. And this ambition may be due to the factthat China’s young people are now more confident about10(they) own culture.第二完形填空（共20 小；每小 1.5 分，共 30 分）下面短文，掌握其大意，从每所的A、 B、 C、D四个中，出最佳，并在答卡上将涂黑。

2019届高三英语二模试卷带答案英语（二）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

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第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AY ou can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling, just like reading, is a refreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel.1. On the Road, 1957, by Jack KerouacThe book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life. The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States.2. Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan KunderaJean-Jacques Rousseau once said, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”The book tells a young artist’s romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams and has a relationship. Experience the artist’s passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.3. The Stories of the Sahara,1967, by SanmaoThe book narrates the author’s simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems a desolate and dull place. The fancy natural scenery and life there, along with the author’s romantic and intensive emotions will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.4. Lotus,2006, by AnnbabyThis novel set in Tibet, tells three people’s stories, each with their unique characteristics. It reveals modern people’s emotions and inner life, their confusion about love, and exploration of Buddhism. The book is a goodpartner to bring you to the scared land Tibet.21. Which book is about the exploration of life value through a journey?A. On the Road.B. Life is Elsewhere.C. Lotus.D. The Stories of the Sahara.22. Whose book is suitable to accompany your trip to Germany?A. Milan Kundera’s.B. Sanmao’s.C. Annbaby’s.D. Jack Kerouac’s.23. What can we learn from the text?A. The Stories of the Sahara records the dialogues between the author and her readers.B. Life is Elsewhere promotes readers’consideration of their present lives.C. Lotus is a religious book which explores Buddhist culture in Tibet.D. On the Road is intended to advise a classic route for driving across the US.24. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To advertise four travel guidebooks.B. To introduce four novels about traveling.C. To recommend four books linked to destinations.D. To arouse readers’interest in reading books.BI was in the Sants Cruz Mountains not long ago, speaking and singing at awomen’s conference. We were focusing on the theme of loving others in practical ways through our gifts, and something in particular happened during one of the sessions（会议）will remain imprinted in memory.A young Syrian woman (Lilith) was invited to the conference at the last minute, and everyone seemed surprised and delighted that she’d actually come. Just a few days earlier, Lilith had fled her country and found refuge with one of the women attending the conference. As an Orthodox Christian in Syria, she and her loved ones had become attacked targets of violent terrorist groups in the country’s ongoing civil war.Lilith had witnessed horrors no one of her young age should ever see. Despite the further danger it presented, she’d decided to leave her home and her family to find safety here in America. Knowing some of her story, and seeing her sitting through the sessions at the retreat（畏缩不前）---head, covered in a scarf, bowed toward the floor---broke my heart. Lilith’s story touched all of us, including Pam, who was quilt maker. Pam had just finished a beautiful quilt, and had brought it with her. She, along with a few of the leaders, decided to give it to Lilith as a symbol of their comfort and love.During our last session, Lilith was called forward and prayed over, hugged, and wrapped up in that beautiful quilt. I thought of the many hours Pam undoubtedly spent working on it, and the terrible events that led Lilith to this moment---surrounded by the beauty and love quiltembodied. I wept. When they told her it was for her, she wept.25. What is the purpose of the women’s conference?A. To help others in a practical way.B. To win equal rights for women.C. To get together to dance and sing.D. To exchange gifts with each other.26. Why did Lilith go to America?A. To attend the women’s conference.B. To find safety.C. To find her family.D. To find a better job.27. From this passage, we know that the writer is____________.A. enthusiasticB. sympatheticC. intelligentD. talented28. What is the meaning of the underlined word?A. a place of interestB. a place of dangerC. a place of conferenceD. a place of shelterCY ou know the feeling that you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world. “Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. Y ou can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memoriessuffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt”(neck pain was often reported) and “alone”predicted higher levels of nomophobia.“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,”said Dr. Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.”Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts-the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).“We are talking about an internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,”says Griffiths. “Y ou would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat orInstagram, they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no internet,”says Griffiths.29. Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with?A. We waste too much time on phones.B. Phones have become part of some users.C. Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.D. Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.30. According to Giffiths, we get nomophobia because .A. we are accustomed to having a phone on usB. we need our phones to help us store informationC. we worry we may miss out what our friends are doingD. we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble31. Where can you probably find the above passage?A. In a research report.B. In a fashion brochure.C. In a science textbook.D. In a popular science magazine. DAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in aboring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.32. The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him .A. at birthB. through educationC. both at birth and through educationD. through environment of one’s family33. If a child is born with high intelligence, he can .A. surely become a geniusB. still become a genius if he isn’t given good educationC. reach his intelligence limits through his own effortsD. probably reach his intelligence limits in rich and varied surroundings34. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows .A. the importance of their intelligenceB. the role of environment on intelligenceC. the importance of their positionsD. the part that birth plays35. The best title of the passage can be .A. On IntelligenceB. On GeniusC. Dependence on EnvironmentD. Effect of Education on Intelligence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。

时文改编十一选十2篇(一)Worn-out cells eventually stop dividingA.otherwiseB. worsenC. accumulatingD. eliminatedE. absentF.ceaselesslyG. limitsH. assumedI. RemovalJ. declineK. automaticallyCells divide many times throughout their lives. But they cannot do it _____1_____. Once they have reached the _____2_____ of their reproductive powers, they enter a state called “senescence”, in which they carry on performing thei r duties but stop making new copies of themselves. For years it was _____3_____ that, apart from their refusal to divide, senescent cells were _____4_____ identical to their replicating companions.There is mounting evidence, though, that this is untrue. One study in 2016 reported that senescent cells in the kidneys and heart produce a protein that causes nearby healthy tissues to _____5_____. Another study published in Nature this week, suggests the accumulation of senescent cells within the brains of mice causes the animals todevelop neurodegenerative(神经退化的) diseases—and that the _____6_____ of thesecells can help prevent them.Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Baker obtained a population of mice that had been genetically engineered to quickly develop fibrous tangles of protein in their brains. These tangles are associated with the _____7_____ in mental abilities caused by diseases like Alzheimer’s. When the mice were four months old, Dr Baker collected brain tissue from some, and found senescent cells _____8_____ in the hippocampus, a seahorse-shaped region of the brain involved with learning and memory. By six months old, they built up in the cerebral cortex as well—as were the tangles that are associated with neurological degeneration.To see what role, if any, senescent cells were playing in their decreasing brainpower, Dr Baker genetically altered some mice so that their senescent cells could be _____9_____ with a twice-weekly dose of a specific chemical. That left a subgroup of mice that sti ll genetically tended to develop neurological diseases, but which also had their brains cleared of senescent cells. By the time these mice reached six months old, the tangles were almost entirely _____10_____. When the mice were presented with objects they had encountered before, they approached them without hesitation, as healthy mice should. In contrast, mice whose brains were full of senescent cells approached the objects cautiously , as if they had never seen them before.【答案】FGHAB IJCDE【解析】1.根据句意，缺副词，细胞在一生中分裂多次，但是他们不可能无休止地分裂。

1.2024届上海市宝山区高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼) F.costly A.processG.crucial B.impacting H.highly C.appearance I.legal D.linked J.pause E.assessmentK.marketed Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades.Traditional tobacco products,such as cigarettes,have been 31to a wide range of health problems,including cancer,heart disease,respiratory (呼吸的)disorders and others.According to a survey,78.3percent of smokers start smoking before age 20.Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32smoking age to 20or above.By instituting this change,they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.Despite being 33as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes,heated tobacco products (HTPs)are stillconsidered tobacco.As such,they pose significant dangers to human health.The heating 34used in these products35addictive releases harmful chemicals and poisons,including tar (焦油),carbon monoxide and nicotine,a(n)substance.HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking.To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and36their health,Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 37review mechanism.Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured,imported and sold to consumers.The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38and encourage them to quit.Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases,including cancer,heart disease,and breathing problems.Quitting smoking can also improve your 39.Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth.Quitting can lead tohealthier skin,whiter teeth and fresher breath.Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell.By stopping tobaccouse,your senses recover,leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.Unfortunately,quitting tobacco isn't easy.Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness,irritability (易怒)and difficulty concentrating.Supportive social for overcoming these things and living a smoke-freeenvironments,coping strategies and professional help are40 life.答案：31.D 32.I 33.K 34.A 35.H 36.B 37.E 38.J 39.C 40.G上海市2024年高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼)A.activateB.amountedparedD.energeticE.guidelinesF.identif yG.image H.influenced I.respects J.review K.substantialExercise Can Help Prevent Depression,Study FindsHow often do you exercise?A new31from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression,even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in2.5to5hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and15minutes to2.5hours of32aerobic(有氧的)exercise per week or some combination of the two.Adults who took a walk for what33to2.5hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all,the study found.But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all,according to researchers.“In this study,a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n)34 decrease in risks of depression,”the study says.The researchers analyzed15studies with nearly200,000participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an18%lower risk of depression 35with adults who did not exercise,the study says.Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25%lower risk of depression than those who did not.Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly36 depression risk,according to researchers.Many37of exercise can lead to improved mental health.For example,working out can increase circulation (血液循环)to the brain and38the central nervous system,leading to what many refer to as a“runners high,”the study says.More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body39,which can cause a person to be more social,researchers say.Nearly5%of adults in the U.S.report regular feelings of depression,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Among the study participants,researchers estimate that1in every9cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise40,the study says.答案：31.J32.D33.B34.K35.C36.H37.I38.A39.G40.EA.floode dB.leapsC.increasinglybinesE.reflectsF.emphasizingG.pioneering H.crafted I.technical J.unexpectedly K.classicChinese animations(动画)are boomingThe“Black Cat Detective”,released40years ago,was a childhood favorite for many Chinese.Since then,Chinese cartoons have come a long way.While“Black Cat Detective”was simply drawn,current cartoons feature_____31_____ advances and fascinating plots.One example is“Boonie Bears:Time Twist”,a family-friendly adventure released in February,with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar,a_____32_____animation studio now owned by Disney.These recent_____33_____in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office.“Ne Zha:Birth of the Demon Child”was the most well-received film in China in2019,_____34_____beating out“Avengers: Endgame”,a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.In the1960s,China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films_____35_____into the Chinese market,dominating both domestic television and cinema screens.As a result,Chinese animators _____36_____began to work for western studios.However,things changed in2015with the release of“Monkey King: Hero is Back”,a breakthrough for Chinese animation.This film,based on the timeless_____37_____“Journey to the West”,signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry.The main character,the Monkey King,is depicted(刻画)as going through a mid-life crisis,which_____38_____the director’s view that cartoons are not just for children.Light Chaser Animation,a Beijing-based studio,has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China.Its production“30,000Miles from Chang’an”_____39_____elements of Chinese culture,history,and legends with aesthetic(美学的)feeling of Tang dynasty poetry.Indeed,traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations,_____40_____the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation.Like other industries,cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added“Chinese characteristics”.答案：31-35IGBJA36-40CKEDFScience in Image sOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world,but they should be offthe menu for hungry worms --which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat.Nowresearchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use aparticular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫).The mushrooms,which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood,then 31the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most32animals these mushrooms encounter.So I think,33,this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,”says study senior author.The study team of geneticists,biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow34the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells,killing them.This35differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work,the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue,finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up.They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of36compound that disappears into air when disturbed.When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37analyzed the nearby air,they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface.When nematodes touch the mushrooms,these structures 38their gas,disturbing the worms’cell walls to cause immobility and death.The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study,“we underestimated the 39to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,”notes Nick Talbot,a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich,England.The study demonstrates “a very 40approach,”he adds.“These organisms are really difficult to work on,and Dr.Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”答案：31.B 32.C 33.E 34.G 35.H 36.K 37.J 38.D 39.F 40.IA.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequently K.unstable Oyster mushroomOpenAI Unveils A.I.that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping VideosLast April,a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos.The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing.But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly__31__videos sooner.Just10months later,OpenAI has revealed a similar system,Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.OpenAI is among the many companies__32__to improve this kind of instant video generator.The technology could__33__the work of experienced moviemakers.It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online__34__,making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet.In an interview,the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s__35__.The intention here is to give a(n)__36__of what is likely to happen soon,so that people can see the capabilities of this technology.Like other generative A.I.technologies,OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data—in this case,videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain.OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from,except to say the training included both__37__available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders.The company says little about the data used to train its technologies,most likely because it wants to__38__an advantage over competitors.Sora generates videos in__39__to short descriptions.Though the videos can be impressive,they may include strange and__40__images.The system,for example,recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie—but the cookie never got any smaller.答案：31-40AHJBC FGEIDThe Curious World of BatsNot all bats are unbelievably adorable,like the one below.Many of them have___31___faces and large ears that help them“see”in the dark,using echo location(回声定位).But all bats are,without adoubt,___32___creatures.Scientists are typically reluctant to___33___about bats because they make up sucha large and diverse group of winged animals.With nearly1,500species,bats___34___about one-fifth of all mammal(哺乳动物)species on Earth.But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are,in not-so-scientific terms,very odd.“They break all the___35___,”said Cori Lausen,a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada.Being able to fly is just one of their___36___,since mammals rarely fly.Apart from that,bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows—as slow as one beat per minute.Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep,known as“torpor”,for a few hours a day or even for weeks to___37___energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable.And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies,some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.For how much energy they need,it’s also surprising that many bat species,including most of those in the US,rely on insects alone for food.They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them.A mom that is___38___a baby can catch more than4,000insects in one night.Oddly,although bats can fly,they can’t easily take off from a(n)___39___position,like most birds and insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down—bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling.“For them,it’s not upside down,”Frick said.“It’s flight-side ready!”While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals,scientists are___40___the alarm.In North America,more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline.Climate change,they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction.答案：31-40BDIJK EAFCHWill AI allow humans to play a part?Rebecca used to have a regular job,translating a fashion brand’s website into German.One day a big change happened.The company(31)______to using machine translation.She kept the job,and it still paid the bills;however, she was now there to check and(32)______whatever was produced by the computer.But there was a complaint.“What it meant,(33)______,was that we humans were training a machine,”she says.Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt,each pair of skinny jeans,was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her.With the(34) ______of chat programs that can imitate humans,the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means.What will it do for our jobs if many once(35)______professions—law,accountancy,medicine—disappear?What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most(36)______—intelligence—has become the cheapest product on the planet?Translators,for good and ill,don’t have to wonder.“You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a(37)______of the world,”says Nicki Bone,chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting.Not all of them are adjusting.“Of course,we have our(38)______,”but she adds,“There are also opportunities,and optimists.”The speed of change,though,has been(39)______.Increasingly,says Bone,she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass,rather than translators of the raw material.For some,that’s fine.“People will say,‘OK,instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour,I’m working at many more words per hour,but for a much lower rate.’Some are happy to take on.Some won’t,as a matter of principle.”As we are(40)______at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing,translators are,compared with the rest of the professions,sensitive.Anyway,this technology is here to stay.答案：31~40KJAHI FGDCBA new way to reduce poachingResearchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns（犀牛角）with radioactive material,a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.Poachers（偷猎者）killed394rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year,government data shows,with public and private game__31__lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there.While the toll was a third lower than in2019and the sixth__32__drop,illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about20,000of the animals in the country—the world’s biggest population.Thousands of__33__sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material__34__into the horns,according to James Larkin,a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg,who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security.“A whole new__35__of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,”he said.Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning,dyeing and removing the horns,have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.Known as The Rhisotope Project,the new anti-poaching__36__started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid（氨基酸）into two rhinos’horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’bodies. Also,__37__studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material.Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine,as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer,__38__ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.“If we make it radioactive,these people will be hesitant to buy it,”Larkin said.“We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company,the University of Witwatersrand,scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project.If the method is__39__feasible,it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept,then we will be making this whole idea__40__to whoever wants to use it,”Larkin said.答案：31-35DEKFA36-40IGCJBA.contrastB.instructe dC.concentratingD.potentialE.touchingF.playedG.better H.specialized I.spot J.follow K.tracing Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at PartiesIf you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party,make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.To explore how background music affects the way we 31conversations,researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31individuals aged 21and 33.During the experiment,participants listened to 72minutes of an audiobook (有声读物),which the pair used as a replacement for32on someone talking,while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.For half of the experiment,the participants were asked to focus on 2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man.The rest of the time,they were told to focus on four background songs,which were similarly33for 2minutes at a time.This34in voices aimed to assess participants’ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.During the experiment,all the participants wore35caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains.This 36of electrical activity was the key.It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently theseindividuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when37to do so.The finding revealed that the participants could 38turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.Following the task,the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills,such as the capacity to 39whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same.Notably,those with lower musical scoresdemonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks,suggesting a(n)40link between musical ability and attention management skills.答案：31.J 32.C 33.F 35.H36.K 37.B 38.G 39.I 34.A 40.D上海市浦东新10.2024届区A.backfirepensateC.exten 小猫钓鱼高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十()d D.impressive E.meaningfulF.measureG.needleH.overallI.perceiveJ.punishmentK.typicallyWhy You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose WeightMany of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting(or restarting)exercise regimens(练身计划)in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds.Unquestionably,aiming to be more active is good.But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well__31__.For starters,exercise—at least the kind most of us do—is__32__ineffective for weight loss.Take walking,for example.A150-pound person who walks briskly for30minutes will burn,on average,around140calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.Studies__33__show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for30minutes a day,five days a week—the amount recommended for good health—typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.When moderate exercise is added to diet,the results are equally not__34__.Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.In studies where exercise has produced__35__weight loss,participants burned at least400to500calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that,sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to exert that much effort,our bodies often__36__by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism,effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into__37__.How many times have you heard someone say(or said yourself)“I’ll need to do extra exercise”after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner?The point is that we’re more likely to__38__exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress.Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.Of course,the benefits of physical activity__39__well beyond these.It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases.It can also improve sleep and boost energy.By all means,striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health.But to improve the odds of success,focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally—and forget about how it moves the__40__on the scale.答案：31-35AKHDE36-40BJICGA.empowersB.termedC.interactio nD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingA New Era of Creative PartnershipsIn a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI,researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof.Jacob Sherson,director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence,together with international partners,discuss research and societal(31)______of creativity and AI.The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity,the interaction between humans and machines towards what is(32)______a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面)that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best(33)______each other.Rafner comments:To date,most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer(34) ______and focus on the abilities of the AI,and the interaction design and dynamics.While these(35)______are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法)and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product,there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity(36)______over the past decades in the psychological sciences.“Right now,we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative?One reason for this is that(37)______creativity is not set in stone.When investigating human only,machine only,and human-AI co-creativity,we need to consider the type and level of creativity under(38)______,from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;(39)______,it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like,what are the similarities and differences in human cognition,behavior,motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能)between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.We,(40)______,don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines,because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear.Looking ahead,researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding,towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.答案：31-35D B A C E36-40G K F H JA.accompaniedB.allowedC.feasiblyD.fueledE.intensityF.optionG.promptingH.routin eI.surgically J.underlying K.variedBrain Signals for Lasting PainBrain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity31patients’lasting pain.That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other32.“We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,”said Prasad Shirvalkar,lead researcher on the project at the University of California.Lasting pain affects nearly28million adults in the UK alone,and the causes are33,ranging from cancer to back problems.That being the case,lasting pain has34a rise in taking powerful painkillers.But no medical treatments work well for the condition,35experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.For the latest study,Shirvalkar and his colleagues36implanted electrodes(电极)into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs.The devices37the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions—the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset.Several times a day,the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the38of pain,meaning how strong the pain was,and then record their brain activity.These scientists,armed with the survey responses and brain recordings,found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC.“We found very different brain activity 39severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,”said Shirvalkar.The finding may explain,at least in part,why40painkillers are less effective for lasting pain.“The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”答案：31-35JFKDG36-40IBEAHA.conservationB.relocat eC.momentarilyD.programE.criticalF.initiativeG.ensureH.permanentlyI.additionalJ.reserveK.unexpectedA team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga,grantee of The Explorers ClubDiscovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation,discovered three newcryptozoic(living underground)snakes dwelling under graveyards(墓地)and churchesin remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.It was an exploration that led to the most(31)_______of places.First published in the journal,Zookeys,Arteaga and his team named the smallbrown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and(32)_______of remote cloud forests in the tropics.The Discovery Ground Snake(Atractus discovery)was found underground in a small graveyard.Two(33)_______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school.Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to(34)_______to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants(35)_______,a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond.The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures,and(36)_______the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP),a(n)(37)_______seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin,grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin.Through conservation organization Re:wild,the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of(38)_______habitat throughout the world.“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,”says Arteaga.“We have already started the process of establishing a nature(39)_______to protect the ground snakes.This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles,even if it meant (40)_______disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”答案：31-35KAIBF36-40GDEJC。

精品文档，欢迎下载！北京市海淀区2019届高三英语二模试题（含解析）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

ATo me, the most beautiful thing is the ocean. It is beautiful because it has a calming effect. When ___1___ (listen) to the sound of the waves, I feel peaceful. ___2___ the age of 10, I went to the beach for the first time. With my feet in the water, I felt totally relaxed, and the sound of the ocean really ___3___ (comfort) me. From then on, I often dream of floating in the ocean, feeling carefree. 【答案】1. listening2. At3. comforted【解析】这是一篇记叙文。

记叙了作者喜欢海洋，以及第一次去海边的感受。

【1题详解】考查省略句。

句意：听着海浪的声音，我感到很平静。

在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。

本句完整应为When（I was）listening to the sound of the waves。

故填listening。

2020上海高三英语二模汇编---十一选十Giving kids allowances in the smartphone ageAllowances are a constant. No matter how much technology interferes with the parent-child relationship, kids still want money and parents still want to impart (赋予) a basic work ethic. But putting stickers on chore (日常事务) charts and dropping coins in piggy banks don’t cut it with the smartphone generation.Parents in search of more 31 ways to teach children the value of money are turning to allowance-tracking apps, where kids can see their 32 rise and fall in real time.Bonnie Koon, a mother of three in Crawfordville, Fla., used to post a calendar on her refrigerator 33 her kids chores, to the embarrassment of her 16-year-old twins. After seeing a Facebook ad for the app Greenlight, she 34 it.Greenlight links to parents’ bank accounts so that the payout can be seamless. Parents can encourage saving by paying interest on the money that isn’t spent 35 — interest out of the parents’ own pockets, of course.It’s the first taste of 36 freedom for many kids, and it’s set in a relatively safe environment. Parents can determine spending limits and choose the retailers（零售商）where a child can make 37 . If a child attempts to buy something at an unapproved store or to spend more than the limit, the transaction (交易) is 38 and parents get a notification. And if a kid loses the card, parents can immediately cancel it from the app.One of Ms. Koon’s twins, Brenna, works part time at a restaurant. She’s putting half of her pay check into a car-insurance savings fund she set up in the app, with the goal of saving $450 by July. With each 39 , the app gives Brenna a progress update.Some parents might worry that relying on apps to get kids to do chores only encourages them to be on their phones more. But parents who have chosen this approach argue that they are meeting their kids where they are and that it takes the 40 nagging (唠叨) out of the equation. The real-time look at their accounts makes the concepts of saving and spending more tangible than reviewing a bank statement.31- 40: FBIEH GKCDA2.黄浦区How to work from home?There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and ___31___ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before ___32___ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it ___33___ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) ___34___ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless quality a remote employee needs to succeed. Do ___36___ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure group chat service and tools are installed and you know how to use them, and make your ___37___ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set ___38___ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid ___39___ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being ___40___, but it’s important to make activity a habit.31-35: CFGAD36-40: KIBHEAt the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He __31__ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of hiscareer, __32__.And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the film was __33__ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) __34__ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the __35__ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was __36__ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more __37__ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom __38__ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s __39__ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the __40__ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.31-40 G F K A H J C B D I4.松江区A. releasedB. eventuallyC. deliveringD.addressE. actF. formerlyG. fascinationH. sightingI. inquiringJ. undertakenK. misidentifiedFrom the early 1950s until 2009, a department in the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) documented and investigated reports of UFOs. Now, more than a decade after the program ended, many of those ___31___ classified files about UFO will be made available to the public for the first time.Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives(国家档案馆) website, The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency’s UFO reports will be ___32___ this year on “a dedicated web page,” a spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an ___33___ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue ___34___ documents to the National Archives,” the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.’s ___35___ with UFOs began around 1950, urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to ___36___ the phenomenon, according to the U.K. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 ___37___, “What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or ___38___ objects, recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomena in the air be___39___.” Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.K.After MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO ___40___, according to the report. But what they did find—including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies—will be published online within the next few months, said Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator for the MoD.31—35 FAECG 36—40 DIKJH5.Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bonesYour shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who 31wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some 32 in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most 33 findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 34from North America, Africa and Europe. These 35sandal-wearing (穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively 36. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations canbe passed on 37.According to Sorrentino, 38 evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have 39 the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino 40 that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJThe series, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month, has the highest percentage of adult viewers of any children’s show. It has been televising lessons (31) ________ for youngchildren on everything from letters and numbers, healthy eating, and diversity and inclusion. For as long it’s been on the air, research on the show has (32) ________ demonstrated that it’s a highly effective educational tool.According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, media (33) ________ can be beneficial for young children, especially when they are shared with parents or caregivers. This is something that “Sesame Street” (芝麻街) has understood since its debut. Part of the show’s winning formula is not just its appeal to children — often with repetitive lessons, fast-paced editing and a(n) (34) ________ interesting style. The show’s ability to encourage adults to watch TV along with their children, known as co-viewing, is a large part of why the series remains a success.As an associate professor of Communication Studies at West Virginia University, I study Entertainment-Education, the practice of (35) ________ educational messages in entertaining media formats — such as popular TV shows, comic books or video games. The best way to attract people of all ages and cultures to messages that leave them better informed is to (36) ________ those messages into the media that they are naturally attracted in order to relax and have fun.In the 1990s, an experiment conducted by educational psychologist Gavriel Salomon demonstrated that the learning differences between underprivileged children and more (37) ________ children could be reduced when a parent co-viewed the show with them.One of the remarkable things about the study was that co-viewing was a(n) (38) ________ for children’s learning because their parents’ mere physical presence is enough to intensify emotions and enhance enjoyment.Years later, studies continued to uncover the benefits of parent-child co-viewing and parental involvement remains one of the key (39) ________ of "Sesame Street" educational strategy. In fact, the show is reported to (40) ________ the highest number of adult-child co-viewing experiences of any children's show, with nearly 50% of its viewers being over the age of 18.The show serves as a generational bridge. Parents of today’s preschoolers enjoy reliving some of their own memories of growing up watching "Sesame Street."No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half receivedmindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short- and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.31.D 32. H 33. K 34. A 35. F 36. B 37. J 38. C 39. I 40. E8.徐汇区Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009.A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instructi on: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, theterm is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cyclingaccident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulatemuscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his armusing the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural(神经的)activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. Butbrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “35 ” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural 40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.答案：31-40 JFAHG BDKCI难度：偏难解析：本文为说明文。

In most democracies today, people expect women to vote. Women are just as able to make decisions about their ___31___ leaders as men. But 200 years ago, most people didn't think so.As late as the middle of the 19 century only men voted in most Western countries. A few countries or states let women vote in local elections. But women voting was far from ___32____. At that time, people believed that women belonged in the home. That meant they should not get involved with public life.But women in Europe, North America and New Zealand began ___33___ this situation. They believed that they should have a(n) ____34___ in their government's leaders. In 1792 an English novelist named Mary Wollstonecraft ___35____ that women should be able to vote, In the United States, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were important figures. They met while campaigning to put a(n) ___36___ to slavery. In the process, they decided that women also should have more ___37___.Yet despite the ___38___ of these women neither Great Britain nor the United States was the first country to let women vote. That honor goes to New Zealand, which changed their law on September 19, 1893. This was because of women like Kate Shepherd. She led a group that presented petitions (请愿书) to their parliament three years in a row. Shepherd is now honored on New Zealand's s10 bill.New Zealand was followed by Australia in 1902 and Finland in 19 zero six. By this time, some U.S. states and territories allowed women to vote. But the country as a whole didn't give women the right until after World War I.In many countries, the right to hold political office came along with the right to vote. And women have ___39___ that right. In many countries, women have even held their country's highest office. All of that is due to the efforts of women who fought for a(n) ___40___ voice.Aurora (极光): wonders or disturbancesCanada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ___31___ out in the darkness. Slowly the colours twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32___ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet ____33___. Most of all, it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colours. The calm green aurora displays that many people see are driven by a(n) ___34___ stream of particles (微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it!But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35___ -- Satellites' electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ___36___ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ___37___ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ___38___ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar fame ____39____ just as Hurricane Iran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the aurora ___40___ is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.People Think Meals Taste Better If They Are ExpensiveIt is said that there’s no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.A new study has found that restaurant __31__ who pay more for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their __32__ of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the __33__ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to __34__ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment __35__ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they __36__. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study __37__ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of __38__ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a hug e impact on how you __39__ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n) __40__ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been (31)______ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs (君主) one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against (32)_______ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It w as a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western (33)_______ to the capital. The outer wa lls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the (34) ______ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is (35)_______ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most (36)_______ bits -- the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are (37)_____ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It (38)_______ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK. The Drawings Gallery (39)______ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen (40)______ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There's been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people's accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking disks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area -- be it creative or social skill -- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something -- say painting or speaking foreign languages but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yours elf, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control -- your behavior, your planning, your reactions -- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it -- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy, you should give second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt -- with some envy -- as ‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to de determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river -- ___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cyst (囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body -- yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition (迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ -- the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, ___39___ the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million -- the largest in the Arab world.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any ageNew Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions (育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be __31__ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to __32__ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner __33__ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on __34__ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were __35__ more l ikely to be cost-effective.Professor Gardner commented: “When there is __36__ about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longe r.” She continued, “As for __37__ parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we should stick to the principle, ‘it’s never too early, never too late’, rather than ‘earlier is better’.”The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be __38__ in younger than older children, at least in the pre-adolescents.Of course, there’s more work to be done. T he experiments conducted were __39__ to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, and parent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for __40__ child behavior problems.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New Yor k University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to (31)________ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic (32)________ in an attempt to help marketers (33)________ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they're in. They infer this from the sort of music you're listening to, (34)________ with where and when you're listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there's nothing particularly (35)________ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you're listening to the songs that (36)________ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it (37)________ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in (38)________ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a (39)________ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. And on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I'll (40)________ off to treat myself to something expensive.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to __31__ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin __32__ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can __33__. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen (胶原质) __34__. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable (可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical __35__, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause __36__ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not __37__ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many __38__ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing __39 __ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body's immune system -- a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body -- and hence are much less likely to be __40__ by the patient's body.They're still kids, and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it's all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___, even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don't quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___ the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of "ingeneration".Rosen says portability is the key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected -- even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do," Rosen says, "But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world ___40___," Rosen says.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The result outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled workers.“Obligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London V odka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave (陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a café and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ m y career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and do whatever makes me happy at the time.”The Father of 3D PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined (连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was (31)________ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, (32)________ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor (33)________ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and (34)________. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he (35)________ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it – and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is (36)________.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, (37)________ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first (38)________ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless –from home-printed food and medicine to (39)________ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the (40)________ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee __31__ in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and __32__ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas __33__ suitable for coffee production won’t be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and unstable quantity of water falling to earth aren’t only __34__ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, __35__ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as the quantity of water falling to earth and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the __36__ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world’s aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and __37__ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperature). Warmer waters also __38__ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that __39__ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium (碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world’s seafood __40__ would run out by the year 2050.The ability of the herd mentality (从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ___31___ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ___32___ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ___33___ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ___34___ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ___35___ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ___36___ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ___37___ on a daily basis.Aral recently went to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ___38___, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ___39___ average opinion.“A woman ___40___ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” h e says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”。

2019安徽淮南市高三第二次模拟英语试题及答案第一节．一、单项填空21. Beijing opera can be very enjoyable, but ___ can be appreciated if you don’t like it .A. nothingB. everythingC. somethingD. anything22. — Do you know when Lily____ back yesterday eventing?—Not too late. About 8 o’clockA. was comingB. had comeC. cameD. would come23. In Beijing, a PE test as part of the College Entrance might encourage parents to ____ various tutoring programs with physical exercise.A. replaceB. regardC. reactD. respond24. A new ___ urges everyone in the UK should learn at least 1,000 words of another language.A. processB. movementC. campaignD. conflict25. — What is the purpose of this experiment ?— ______ if this material breaks easily under high pressure .A. Figure outB. To figure outC. Figuring outD. Figured out26. — The air of many cities in China has been seriously polluted .— It may be many years ___ the situation improvesA. untilB. afterC. beforeD. since27. Oh, sorry. I forgot where I read the article, or I ___ it to you now.A. will showB. showC. can showD. would show28. 2,000 adults will be questioned to see ___ they think ghosts are real on Halloween.A. thatB. whetherC. whatD. which29. — Linda , ___ we attend the lecture about oral English?—Why not ? It’s closely related to our English study .A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. shall30 I wronged the poor honest man very much, ___ I made an apology afterwards.A. for whomB. for whichC. with whomD. with which31. ____sports do great harm to people who have heart problems.A. ThrilledB. EntertainedC. EntertainingD. Thrilling32. —Shelly won’t like it, you kno w .—______? I don’t care what she thinks.A. So whatB. Why notC. What forD. How come33. I didn’t blame anyone; I __ said errors like this could be avoided .A. mostlyB. nearlyC. merelyD. exactly34. Look! Out of the classroom ____who hurry to catch the bus home.A. the childrenB. do the children rushC. rush the childrenD. are the children rushed35. — A bottle of beer?— _____. I have to drive home after the party.A. That depends B, Anything but that C. By all means D. No way第二节:完型填空：(（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2019届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, theterm is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cyclingaccident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulatemuscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his armusing the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural(神经的)activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. Butbrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “35 ” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural 40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.答案：31-40 JFAHG BDKCI难度：偏难解析：本文为说明文。