1,B,Things the Throw away Society

Unit TEN: TEXT IWords and ExpressionsParagraph 1Eminently (l. 4) (Note 1): very; perfectly; elegantly 不寻常地，非常E.g.: The discussion is eminently practical. 讨论非常实际。

His articles are eminently comprehensible. 他的文章特别易于理解。

Little girls adore Barbie because she is highly realistic and eminently dress-upable (l. 4) (Note 1): The reason why Barbie appeals so much to little girls is that she looks just like a real-life person who can be dressed up in the way they wish.Paragraph 2humanoid (l. 10): (esp. of a machine) having human shape or qualities 似人的，有人类特点的-oid: like; in the form ofE.g.: metalloid (like a metal) Mongoloid (like Mongolian)trade-in allowance (l. 11) (Note 3):The amount of money a shop deducts from the price of a new thing which a customer buys when he turns in an old one to the shop 以旧换新打折价跳楼价cut-throat price; the lowest price疯狂甩卖crazy sale; crazy dropped price大减价price cutting冬季大减价Winter Crazy SaleMoreover, Mattel announced that, for the first time, any young lady wishing to purchase a new Barbie would receive a trade-in allowance for her old one. (ll. 10-11)Besides, Mattel made public that, for the first time, all girls desirous of buying a Barbie from its company were to be given the right of turning in their old dolls in exchange for new models at a reduced price.Paragraph 4texture (l. 18): the degree of roughness or smoothness, coarseness or fineness, of a surface, substance, or material, esp. as felt by touch 质地，纹理，结构iridescent (l. 18): showing changing colors as light falls on it 色彩斑斓的，彩虹般的E.g.: Soap bubbles are iridescent. 肥皂泡沫色彩斑斓。

Things：The Throw-Away SocietyA few days ago, I cleaned up my room and found out many things like books, old clothes, and toys. Not knowing how to deal with them, I felt very upset. At last, I had no choice but to throw them away. However, I can’t help myself thinking about the things I threw away. I don’t dare to calculate how much loss we will cause, and how much rubbish we may make, if everyone throw things away like me. As a matter of fact, there are much more things are thrown away everyday. It is no wonder that our society was called the throw-away society.Maybe some people will say that the matter is much exaggerated. Unfortunately, it’s a truth which you may find out the answer by looking around you. The rubbish dump is always full, the street is always crowded with garbage, the rubbish even hides in the bushes.How could this terrible situation happen? First of all, there are so many one-off products in our society such as disposable chopsticks,plastic bags, throw-away lunchbox, etc. These one-off products are being used in a great deal owing to their cheapness and convenience. In addition, people do not pay much attention to the things they throw away.They just throw away the things which they think they don’t need, without thinking whether it is really not needed, without thinking whether it can be recycled or not. The most important point is people do not have the idea of share. On the one hand, people becomemuch selfish today. Some people are so afraid to be taken advantage of, so that, they would rather throw away their old things than share. It reminds me of my neighbour who often chucks away his leftover not willing to give them to the stray cats. On the other hand, people are too peacockish to receive others’ share. Some people say it is shame to use things being used by others before.In order to prevent the throw-away situation from being worse, some measures must be taken.At first, we should control both the production and the use of the disposable things. People should be encouraged to use the recycling products. What’s more, people’s awareness about sustainable development should be improved. For example, when you want to throw away something, think twice before you throw it. Don’t throw it before you are very sure that it is useless. Last but not least, learn to share and get share. If you have something you don’t want it anymore, give them to the one who need it. If you need something shared by others’,take it bravely, because there is no shame to be a environmentally friendly person.Many factors contribute to the throw-away society which is a great tragedy for us, however, we still have chance to change it,as long as we want.。

Throw-away societyThe earth is the home we rely on for existence. Nowadays, the environme ntal pollution is becoming so serious that many people think that we have stepped into a "throw-away society". Because we are filling our environ ment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. Recently, the problem of environment has drawn worldwide attention. Of course, this phenomenon involves several complicated factors .On the one hand, it is mainly caused by the waste products released from artificia l substances, industrial production and increased consumption of resource s. Besides, the use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes envir onmental pollution. I think environmental pollution is connected with peo ple’s environmental awareness. When shopping, we use plastic bags just f or the convenient. We ignore that the plastic bags discarded by us result i n white pollution. In fact, we should have avoided this unnecessary pollut ion by use environmental-friendly shopping bag as much as possible. At t he same time ,many people of all throw away rubbish freely,not only do t hey throw rubbish away while in the street but also put the trash everywh ere in the home .Even some people just dump their rubbish to the river. T his is why river pollution is increasingly serious and millions of tons of w aste products are heaping around us.How to change this condition? Our government is trying to work out so me effective means to bring it under control, but no great success has been made. In my opinion, if we want to have a good living environment, we should enhance our own awareness of environmental protection. Meanw hile, the affective ways must be taken by our government to protect the en vironment form being damaged even more. More laws about environment should be published in order to punish the people and originations which do the improper things to our beautiful earth. In a word, the throw-away s ociety must be changed for a better future of our human beings.The environmental pollution is becoming so serious that many people thi nk that we have stepped into a "throw-away society". Because we are fill ing our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish.This phenomenon involves several factors. Initially, with the development of industrialization the products update quickly, so the pollution is mainly caused by the waste products which people don’t want anymore. Meanwhile the process of industrial manufacture makes a mess of waste.。

Nowadays, we are living in a throw-away society. What are its causes and what are its problems？What could be done to address this issue？Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.Model Answer:Nowadays, we have adopted the throw-away lifestyle and over-consumption and excessive production of short-lived or disposable items is a global phenomenon which is making the condition even worse. Consumerism, rapid advancement of technology, changing lifestyleand globalisation are some of the main reasons which are contributing to this phenomenon even more. The effect of this trend is so extraordinary and deep that it will someday challenge our own existence and implementation of effective measures should be immediately taken.Consumerism is a social and economic ideology that encourages people to acquire more products and services in an ever-increasing amount. Our materialistic lifestyle fuels this habit and we change our cell phones, cars and other household equipment more frequently than ever. Advertising plays a majorrole in creating a consumerist society and we are never contented with the things we have and want to acquire more than we need. Shopping is no longer a necessity and has turned out to be an activity for many. Thus we are producing an overwhelming amount of wastages and a little effort has been in place to recycle many of our used items.The rapid advancement of technology often forces us to buy latest products as new products have better features than the one we own. The rise of the middle-income people globally and their desire to mimic rich people and adopt atechnology centric lifestyle also the reasons for the increasing waste productions as a result of our throw-away lifestyle. Our traditional lifestyle and skills are almost gone and we want to buy everything rather than creating them.For instance, the number of people who rely on canned and packet food rather than cooking at home is a great example that shows the paradigm shift towards a busy and ready-made social lifestyle.Finally, the globalisation has immensely contributed towards our inclination to a throw-away society we are living in. The problems thatthe throw-away society and consumerism tendency create are overwhelming. This is a degradation of human moral as a massive number of poor people are starving, on one hand, million tonnes of foods are being wasted in few countries on the other hand. The toxic waste and chemical garbage are polluting our environment while we are remaining busy to buy more electronic products. The global warming, temperature rise, extinction of many species are just the beginning and if we fail to take effective measures to stop this heinous trend, we will be destroying our future.There are many steps that should be immediately in place to address this issue. Non-recyclable packets, bags and goods should be restricted as much as possible. The environment friendly goods should be manufactured and used by people and elements like plastic bags should be totally banned. Every household wastes should be classified as recyclable and non-recyclable and recyclable waste should be used to produce new products rather than throwing them away. The government, as well as individuals' cumulative efforts to reduce the wastage production and to save the environment, should be in place.To conclude, no doubt our ignorance and desire to have more have contributed towards the creation of a throwaway society. Advancement of technology, globalisation, social and economic structure have all fueled this trend even faster. But the time has come for us to step forward and think about the future of the mother planet and take steps to revert the damage.。

Unit 1Text AHit the nail on the head恰到好处Alan Warner1）Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？他先是左敲敲，然后右敲敲，有时还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果钉子只敲进一半。

而一个娴熟的木匠，只需坚实巧妙地正对钉头敲几下，就能一钉到底。

语言也是如此。