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Thalidomide --------a big tragedy !
Thalidomide was developed by a German pharmaceutical company. It was sold from 1957 to 1961 in almost 50 countries under at least 40 brand names. Thalidomide was chiefly sold and prescribed to pregnant women, as an antiemetic(止吐药) to combat morning sickness and as an aid to help them sleep。In 1961 when thalidomide was withdrawn from the market, more than ten thousand deformed babies were born. They suffered from phocomelia(海豹肢).
penicillum
Alexander Fleming
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② Molecular roulette(分子的轮盘赌) A great many of new chemical structures were synthesized randomly and screened by animal or in-vitro models of human disease to see if any of the newly obtained structures prove certain effect. Disadvantage: wasteful, dependent on sensitive models for screening