残疾青年人健康保险的连续性【外文翻译】
- 格式:doc
- 大小:63.00 KB
- 文档页数:10
英语作文-商业健康保险如何应对罕见病的治疗费用In the realm of healthcare, rare diseases pose a unique challenge, not only due to their low prevalence but also because of the high cost associated with their treatment. Commercial health insurance plays a pivotal role in mitigating the financial burden faced by individuals afflicted with such conditions. The intricate dance between insurance policies and the treatment of rare diseases is a testament to the evolving nature of healthcare financing and the need for a sustainable model that can accommodate the exorbitant expenses without compromising on the quality of care.The financial implications of treating rare diseases are staggering. Often, the therapies are highly specialized, involving cutting-edge technology and novel medications that come with a hefty price tag. For patients, the out-of-pocket expenses can be ruinous, leading to a phenomenon known as 'financial toxicity,' where the cost of treatment exacerbates the patient's suffering. Commercial health insurance steps in as a buffer, absorbing a significant portion of these costs and providing a safety net that allows patients to access necessary treatments without the looming threat of financial ruin.However, the relationship between health insurance and rare disease treatment is not without its complexities. Insurance providers must balance the need to cover expensive treatments with the imperative to maintain financial viability. This balancing act often results in rigorous scrutiny of treatment plans, with insurers requiring substantial evidence of a therapy's efficacy before agreeing to cover its costs. The process can be arduous, with patients and healthcare providers alike navigating a maze of paperwork and approvals.To address these challenges, some insurers have adopted innovative strategies. Tiered formularies, where drugs are categorized based on their cost and efficacy, allow patients to access cheaper alternatives when available. Additionally, prior authorization processes ensure that the prescribed treatments are indeed necessary and the mosteffective option for the patient's condition. These measures, while sometimes contentious, are designed to optimize resource allocation and ensure that the funds are directed towards treatments that offer the best outcomes.Moreover, the advent of value-based insurance design (VBID) marks a significant shift in how commercial health insurance approaches rare disease treatment. VBID aims to align patients' out-of-pocket costs with the value of medical services, thereby promoting high-value care. In the context of rare diseases, this could mean lower copayments for treatments that are proven to be effective, incentivizing patients to opt for therapies that offer the best health outcomes relative to their cost.The interplay between commercial health insurance and the treatment of rare diseases is emblematic of the broader challenges facing healthcare systems worldwide. As medical science advances, bringing forth new and expensive treatments, the insurance industry must evolve to keep pace. The goal is to forge a path that leads to both financial sustainability for insurers and accessible, high-quality care for patients. It is a delicate balance, one that requires ongoing dialogue, innovation, and a commitment to the principle that health is a fundamental right, not a privilege.In conclusion, commercial health insurance's response to the treatment costs of rare diseases is multifaceted, involving a combination of cost-sharing mechanisms, regulatory frameworks, and innovative insurance models. The journey towards a more equitable and effective healthcare system is ongoing, and it is incumbent upon all stakeholders—insurers, healthcare providers, patients, and policymakers—to collaborate in crafting solutions that uphold the sanctity of human health while ensuring economic viability. The road ahead is fraught with challenges, but with concerted effort and a shared vision, it is possible to create a healthcare landscape where rare diseases are not synonymous with financial despair, but rather, a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the power of collective action.。
英语作文-商业健康保险对于残疾人群的保障需求In the realm of healthcare, commercial health insurance plays a pivotal role in providing financial security and access to necessary medical services. This is particularly crucial for individuals with disabilities, who often face additional challenges and expenses related to their healthcare needs. The assurance that comes with comprehensive coverage can significantly alleviate the economic strain on disabled individuals, ensuring that they receive the care they require without the added stress of financial burden.Commercial health insurance for the disabled is not merely a financial tool; it is a means of empowerment and inclusion. It enables individuals with disabilities to access a wider range of healthcare services, from routine check-ups to specialized treatments and therapies. This inclusivity is essential for their well-being, as it promotes not only physical health but also mental and social stability.The design of commercial health insurance policies for the disabled must be thoughtful and inclusive. Insurers need to consider the diverse needs of this group, which may include assistive devices, rehabilitation services, and long-term care. Policies should be flexible enough to cover a variety of treatments and services that cater to the unique circumstances of each individual.Moreover, the process of obtaining and claiming insurance benefits should be streamlined and accessible. Complex paperwork and procedures can be daunting, especially for those already dealing with disabilities. Simplifying these processes and providing clear, concise information can make a significant difference in the user experience.Insurance companies have the opportunity to innovate in this space by collaborating with healthcare providers, disability advocates, and the individuals themselves to create tailored solutions. Such partnerships can lead to the development of policies that are not only financially viable for the insurer but also genuinely beneficial for the insured.Education is also key in ensuring that individuals with disabilities and their families are aware of their options and rights when it comes to commercial health insurance. Awareness campaigns and informational resources can empower them to make informed decisions about their healthcare coverage.In conclusion, commercial health insurance holds immense potential to enhance the lives of individuals with disabilities. By providing financial security and access to necessary healthcare services, it supports their autonomy and integration into society. As insurers continue to evolve and adapt their policies to meet the needs of this community, they contribute to a more equitable and compassionate healthcare system. The collective effort to safeguard the health and well-being of individuals with disabilities not only reflects societal values but also strengthens the fabric of the community as a whole. 。
词汇表Aabstract 摘要:土地所有权的简要历史。
accelerated death benefit 提前给付:在某些情况下,人寿险保单面值的一部分,可以在被保险人身故前(须扣除利息)得到支付。
accidental death benefit 意外死亡额外给付:是一种两全保险。
若被保险人死于意外事故,则向受益人支付附加保险金。
accounts receivable insurance 应收账款保险:因被保险风险造成应收账款记录损毁,因而无法从记账赊销的债务人处收回应收账款,该损失可在应收账款保险项下得到补偿。
accumulation units 积累单位:用于已购买的变额年金。
积累单位的价值取决于投资组合的表现,所以每期保费能购买的积累单位数目是不同的。
activities of daily living 日常活动能力:诸如进食、洗浴、盥洗、换车、穿衣和节制等日常活动,当被保险人无法进行上述部分活动时,长期护理保险将予以给付。
acts of God 天灾:难以合理防范的危险,如洪水、地震。
acts of negligence of the shipper 托运人的疏忽或过失行为:如不当装货或包装缺陷,造成损失的原因不是承运人的责任的。
actual cash value(ACV)实际现金价值:财产的重置成本扣除折旧。
actual loss ratio 实际赔付率:某一险种在先前一个时期,赔付额与已收保费之间的实际比率。
Actual total loss 实际全损:财产完全损毁造成的损失。
actuarial cost assumption 精算成本假设:对投资收益率、死亡率、销售量、工资增长模式、可能的费用及员工实际退休年龄分布的假设。
精算成本方法的选择取决于这些假设。
actuarial cost methods 精算成本方法:计算为建立承诺的养老基金,每年必须缴纳多少金额的方法。
additional insureds 附加被保险人:对保单承保的财产或个人具有保险利益,而且能够根据保单条件得到损失补偿的人。
老年和残障健康保险(Medicare老年和残障健康保险”(Medicare)是美国最早的一项医疗保险制度,依据1965年的社会保障修正案建立,由美国联邦政府开办,其服务对象是65岁以上的老人或者符合一定条件的65岁以下的残疾人或晚期肾病患者。
医疗保险(Medicare)交纳的资金属于工薪税的一部分,税率是职工工资总额的2.9%,雇主和雇员各交纳1.45%,用于职工的退休健康福利。
与前述公共养老金工薪税不同的是,医疗保险(Medicare)工薪税的税基包括全部工薪收入,并且没有交纳上限的规定。
医疗保险(Medicare)工薪税收入存入医疗保险(HI)信托基金,用于支付医疗保险金,专款专用。
医疗保险(Medicare)包括四部分,分别为住院保险(Part A)、补充性医疗保险(Part B)、医保优势计划(Part C)以及2006年1月实施的处方药计划(Part D)。
住院保险(Part A):具有强制性,为病人住院费用、专业护理费用、家庭保健服务费用以及晚期病人收容所护理费用等项目提供保障。
它允许参与者每年享受90天的住院治疗和100天的技术护理,但部分情况下需要按照规定自付一定的费用。
补充性医疗保险(Part B):由职工选择投保,绝大部分的老年人都参加了该保险。
如果职工及其配偶正在工作且有雇主提供的团体健康保险,可以不用参加该保险。
该保险保障的项目主要是住院保险没有覆盖到的项目,以门诊项目为基础,主要包括门诊的医生和护理服务、物理疗法、疫苗接种、输血、肾透析、救护车、器官移植、化疗等的费用以及特定人群的部分耐用医疗设备等。
这类医疗费报销的规定经常变化,全国性的报销规定由医疗保险与医疗补助服务中心(The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services,简称CMS)规定。
补充性医疗保险费中,75%的资金来自于美国联邦政府的一般性财政收入,25%左右来自于每位参加者每月交纳的保险费。
失業後的健康保險COBRAC O B R A1. 何謂COBRA?很多僱員都享有由僱主提供的醫療保健(見《雇佣期間的健康保險》一文)。
此類保健通常叫團體保健計劃(G r o u p H e a l t h P l a n),意思指同一團體內的成員﹝例如,某工作的所有工人﹞都享有保險計劃所提供的福利,包括住院費用、醫生費或藥費報銷等。
在1985年,國會通過了“綜合預算和解法”(C o n s o l i d a t e d O m n i b u s B u d g e t R e c o n c i l i a t i o nA c t以下簡稱C OB R A),此法案令到被解僱或減工時的員工可以在限定的時間內,作出是否為自己或家人繼續購買團體保健計劃的選擇。
(加州通過了一條類似的法案,叫C a l-C O B R A)根據C O B R A法案,被解僱的員工可以獲取和解僱前相等的團體保健福利,唯一的分別是該員工要向僱主支付保費。
以下的資料可以幫助你瞭解在C O B R A法下,你應有的權利與義務。
2. 當失去工作後,我可否保留醫療保健?我的家人呢?只要僱用你的公司有2名或以上員工,你就屬於“受保員工”,你也符合保留團體保健計劃的資格,不過政府或教會性質的工作不在此保障範圍。
你為僱主工作時間的長短對此項福利不會有影響。
即使你是受保於其他的保健計劃,例如受保計劃是由配偶的公司所提供,你的僱主亦要向你提供C O B R A福利。
3. 無論我的工作如何被終止,我都可以享受COBRA福利嗎?看情況而定。
如果你是因為“合資格事件”而被終止工作,你就有資格要求延續你的醫療福利。
"合資格事件"指的是:•員工失去他們的工作(和瀆職無關-瀆職指員工故意做一些損害僱主利益的事,例如偷取公司財物或欺詐)•員工辭職或者退休,但不合領取聯邦醫療(M e d i c a r e)的資格•工作時間被削減員工的配偶、登記的同居伴侶、以及受撫養子女,如果一直受保於員工的團體醫療保健,在員工因"合資格事件"被終止工作後,他們都有資格延續醫療保健。
残疾保险应对残疾风险的最佳选择残疾保险:应对残疾风险的最佳选择残疾风险是我们生活中不可忽视的一部分。
无论是突发的意外事故还是慢性的健康问题,一旦发生残疾,我们将面临着身体上、经济上、心理上的巨大挑战。
因此,为了应对这一风险,残疾保险成为了最佳的选择之一。
一、什么是残疾保险?残疾保险是一种旨在保护个人免受残疾风险的保险产品。
该保险通过向被保险人提供经济赔偿来帮助其应对因残疾而带来的生活、工作和医疗负担。
残疾保险通常根据被保险人的残疾程度和相关指标提供赔偿,以确保被保险人可以维持基本的生活水平。
二、残疾保险的重要性1. 经济保障:残疾可能导致工作能力丧失或收入减少,残疾保险能够提供经济支持,帮助被保险人应对生活开销、医疗费用以及其他可能的经济负担。
2. 心理安慰:面对残疾情况,个人或家庭可能会感到沮丧和失望。
但拥有残疾保险可以减轻这种心理负担,让被保险人和家人拥有更强大的心理支持和希望。
3. 独立自主:残疾保险可以帮助被保险人保持独立性,减少对他人的依赖。
例如,残疾保险可以提供家庭护理或辅助设备的费用,帮助被保险人更好地适应残疾状态。
4. 灵活选择:残疾保险市场上存在多种形式和计划的保险产品,人们可以根据自己的需求选择最适合的保险方案。
这种灵活性使得残疾保险成为人们在应对残疾风险时的最佳选择。
三、选择残疾保险的因素1. 保险金额:根据个人的经济状况和实际需求,选择一个合适的保险金额非常重要。
保险金额应该能够覆盖生活费用、医疗支出以及其他可能的费用,并确保在残疾情况下能够维持基本生活水平。
2. 保险期限:残疾保险通常有特定的保险期限,选择一个适合自己的保险期限是必要的。
一般来说,保险期限越长,保障越全面,但保险费用也相应增加。
因此,需要对个人的经济状况和未来规划进行综合考虑。
3. 保险责任:不同的残疾保险产品会对残疾程度和相关指标有不同的定义和要求。
因此,在选择保险产品时,需要仔细了解和比较各种产品的保险责任,确保选择符合自己需求的产品。
Individual Health Insurance Policy 永安复新高端医疗个人保险条款2015-2016The documents issued by the Insurer consist of a Chinese language and an English language version. In the event of any discrepancy, the Chinese language version shall prevail.保险人签发的保险合同包含中、英文版本。
若两版本有不同解释,以中文版本为准。
YA-H-2015-1永安复新高端医疗个人保险条款总则第一条本保险合同由保险条款、投保单或其他投保文件、保险单或其他保险凭证、保险卡、附贴批单和其他有关约定书构成。
凡涉及本保险合同的约定,均应当采用书面形式。
第二条被保险人本人或对被保险人具有保险利益的其他自然人和组织,可作为投保人。
第三条凡投保时年龄不超过七十周岁,能正常地工作、劳动或生活的人员,经保险人同意,可作为主被保险人。
凡投保时年龄不超过七十周岁,能正常地工作、劳动或生活的主被保险人的配偶,经保险人同意,可作为附属被保险人。
凡投保时年龄不超过二十一周岁(为全日制在校学生,或存在身体缺陷或智力障碍的,年龄不超过二十四周岁),经济上完全依赖主被保险人的主被保险人的未婚子女,经保险人同意,也可作为附属被保险人。
在保险期间内,被保险人应当在中国大陆,香港、澳门特别行政区,以及台湾地区(以下简称“大陆及港澳台”)居住合计满三分之二或以上时间;投保时不属此种情形或保险期间内发生变化的,被保险人应当在投保前或发生变化时告知保险人,保险人有权据此调整承保条件或保险费率。
第四条除特别指明外,以下各条中与被保险人相关的表述完全适用于主被保险人和附属被保险人。
第五条根据随主被保险人投保本保险的附属被保险人的有无及其与主被保险人的身份关系,本保险中被保险人的参保方式分设有单人型、夫妇型、亲子型、家庭型,具体应当由投保人在投保时为被保险人选择,并载明于本保险合同中。
国际功能残疾和健康分类国际功能残疾和健康分类(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health,ICF)是世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)制定的一个分类系统,用于描述个体的健康和功能残疾。
ICF试图综合考虑个体的身体结构和功能、活动和参与以及个体的环境因素,从而给出一个全面的、系统的健康和功能残疾的分类。
ICF的分类包括以下几个方面:1. 健康状态(Health Condition):指的是一个人的身体状况,包括疾病、身体障碍、精神障碍和其他影响健康的因素。
这个分类主要是根据医学诊断确定的。
2. 身体结构和功能(Body Structure and Function):指的是个体的身体器官、系统以及相关的生理功能。
这个分类用于描述个体的身体状况和功能,例如视力、听力、运动能力等等。
3. 活动(Activity):指的是个体的日常生活活动,包括生理方面的活动如吃饭、穿衣,心理方面的活动如学习、工作,社交方面的活动如社交交往、参与社区活动等等。
这个分类用于描述个体在日常生活中的能力和表现。
4. 参与(Participation):指的是个体在社会和文化活动中的参与程度,包括工作、教育、休闲、社交等方面的活动。
这个分类用于描述个体在社会中的各种角色和能力。
5. 环境因素(Environmental Factors):指的是个体所处的环境因素,包括物理环境、社会环境以及个体的个人环境。
这个分类用于描述个体所处的环境对其健康和功能的影响。
ICF的分类系统是一个综合性的系统,采用了多维度的描述方式。
相比传统的疾病分类系统,ICF更加关注个体的功能和参与,并将环境因素纳入考虑范畴。
这不仅有助于更全面地评估个体的健康状况,还可以为制定康复计划和提供康复服务提供更准确的依据。
然而,ICF的分类系统也存在一些挑战和争议。
●补充残疾给付——免缴Waiver of premium (WP) 保费1、残疾免缴保费给付Waiver of premium fordisability benefit2、投保人免缴保费给付Waiver of premium for payorbenefit3、残疾收入给付Disability income benefit●寿险提前给付附约Accelerated death benefitriders1、终末疾病给付Terminal illness benefit2、重大疾病给付Dread disease benefit3、长期护理给付Long-term care benefit储蓄型人寿保险——年金保险趸缴年金Single premium-annuity期缴年金Periodical premium-annuity即期年金Immediate annuity延期年金Deferred annuity终身年金Life annuity——纯粹终身年金Straight life annuity——固定期终身年金Life income annuity withperiod certain——全额偿还终身年金Life income with refundannuity确定年金Annuity ceratin限期生存年金Temporary life annuity个人年金Personal annuity联合年金Joint annuity定额年金Fixed-benefit annuity变额年金Variable annuity准投资型的人寿保险——分红保险分红保险Participating contracts可分配盈余Distributable surplus红利分配方式1、现金红利法Cash dividend approach2、增额红利法Additions to benefits approach投资型的人寿保险一、变额寿险Variable life insurance——单位基金连结保险(英)Unit-linked policy——权益连结保险(加)Equity-linked policy——投资连结保险(新、中)Investment-linked life insurance二、万能寿险Universal life insurance三、变额万能寿险Variable universal lifeinsurance健康保险一、医疗保险Medical expence coverage ——免赔额条款Deductible clause——共保条款Coinsurance provision●基本医疗保险Basic medical expense coverage1、门诊医疗保险2、住院医疗保险Hospital expense coverage3、手术医疗保险Surgical expense coverage4、综合医疗保险Comprehensive expensecoverage●高额医疗保险Major medical insurancepolicy1、补充高额医疗保险Supplemental major medicalpolicy2、综合高额医疗保险Comprehensive major medicalpolicy●补充医疗保险Supplemental medical policy1、牙科费用保险Dental expense coverage2、处方药费保险Prescription drug coverage3、眼科保健保险Vision care coverage4、生育保险二、疾病保险Disease coverage重大疾病保险Critical illness insurance三、残疾收入保险Disability income coverge四、长期护理保险Long term care insurance团体保险团体保险Group insurance总的团体保险单Master contract费率厘定1、手册费率法Manual rating2、经验费率法Experience rating3、混合费率法Blended rating一、团体人寿保险Group life insurance——团体定期寿险Group term insurance——团体终身寿险Group permanent insurance雇员福利计划Employee benefit plan二、团体年金Group annuity团体延期年金Deferred-group-annuitycontract预存管理年金Deposit-administration-annuitycontract即期参与保证年金Immediate participateguarantee annuity contract协调给付条款Coordination Of BenefitProvision (COB)。
残疾人保障法引言残疾人保障法,全称《残疾人保障法》(Disability Protection Act),是一项旨在保障残疾人权益的法律。
该法律的出台旨在确保残疾人享有与其他人平等的待遇,并为其提供必要的支持和保障。
背景根据统计数据,全球有超过一亿人口被认定为残疾人。
这一人口中,许多人面临着各种各样的社会、经济和身体上的困难。
因此,各国纷纷制定了相关法律来确保残疾人享有基本的权益和福利。
在中国,残疾人保障法于2008年通过,并于同年生效。
该法律对中国残疾人的权益保护和福利提供起到了重要的指导和作用。
残疾人权益保护残疾人保障法明确规定了残疾人的基本权益,并要求社会各界应当尊重和保护这些权益。
根据该法律,残疾人享有与其他市民平等的社会权利和基本权益,包括但不限于教育、就业、医疗、社会保障等。
教育权益保障残疾人保障法规定,残疾人享有平等接受教育的权利。
各级政府需要提供必要的教育资源和支持,确保残疾人能够享受到与其能力和兴趣相适应的教育。
为了满足残疾人的教育需求,还规定了相关的辅助措施,如增加特殊教育学校和班级的数量,提供辅助设施和辅助技术支持等。
就业权益保障残疾人保障法重视残疾人的就业权益保障。
根据该法律,用人单位应当为残疾人提供平等就业机会,并在招聘、培训、晋升等方面予以合理安排。
此外,法律还规定了相关的财政、税收等激励措施,鼓励用人单位招收残疾人,并提供必要的工作环境和适应设施。
医疗权益保障残疾人保障法明确规定了残疾人的医疗权益保障。
根据该法律,残疾人享有接受医疗保健服务的权利,医疗机构和人员应当提供必要的医疗服务和支持。
为了提高医疗保健服务的可及性和质量,残疾人保障法还规定了相关的标准和要求,包括设立残疾人医疗机构、培训残疾人医疗专业人员等。
社会保障权益保障残疾人保障法还规定了残疾人的社会保障权益保障。
根据该法律,残疾人可以享受由政府提供的相应社会保障福利,包括但不限于养老金、失业救助、医疗补助等。
国际机能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)简介国际机能、残疾和健康分类(International Classification ofFunctioning, Disability, and Health,简称ICF)修正自1980年发展的“国际机能损伤、身心功能障碍与残障分类” (International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps,简称ICIDH)与1997年发展的“国际机能损伤、活动与参与分类”(Internati onal Classification of Impairments, Activities and Participation,简称ICIDH-2), 经过世界卫生组织的协调,在2001年5月22日批准了国际通用的版本。
ICF分类系统提供了统一的框架,对组成健康要件的功能性状态与失能程度进行分类。
它补充了世界卫生组织的国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类第十版(ICD-10)的不足,因为ICD 中只包含了疾病诊断与健康条件的信息,却没有功能性状态的描述。
ICF 分类系统的最终目的是要建立一种统一的、标准化的术语系统, 以对健康状态的结果进行分类提供参考性的理论框架。
该分类系统所依据的是在身体、个体和社会3个水平的健康状态所发生的功能变化及出现的异常。
ICF 提供了一种新的理论与应用模式, 它不仅可以对疾病进行诊断, 注意健康状态的结果, 并且建立了一种国际性的术语系统。
这将促进国际性的比较研究与制定国际性的政策。
1.ICF的基本原理传统医学模式认为残疾是个人问题,并将它视为由疾病、创伤或健康状态所导致,从而以个人治疗的形式提供医疗保健。
而ICF则基于“生物-心理-社会”(biopsychosocial model)理论模式,从残疾人融入社会的角度出发,将残疾作为社会性问题,不再仅仅是个人特性,而且也是由社会环境形成的一种复合状态。
残疾保险规划方案一、概述残疾保险是一种重要的保险种类,旨在为意外事故或疾病导致的工作能力丧失提供经济保障。
在面临意外伤害或突发疾病时,残疾保险可以帮助保障被保险人及家人的财务安全。
因此,制定一份合理的残疾保险规划方案至关重要。
二、保险类型1. 短期残疾保险:短期残疾保险通常为一段特定时间内的保障,一般为3至6个月,可以帮助被保险人在疾病或事故导致的暂时疾病期间维持生活。
2. 长期残疾保险:长期残疾保险提供更长时间的保障,通常从短期残疾保险结束后开始生效,直至被保险人康复或达到保单规定的最长保障期限。
三、保额测算在选择残疾保险时,需要充分考虑保额的测算。
一般来说,残疾保险的保额应该能够覆盖被保险人的日常生活开支及医疗费用,保障家庭经济不受太大冲击。
四、保障范围残疾保险的保障范围包括了意外事故导致的伤残、严重疾病引起的长期疾病,以及其他导致工作能力丧失的状况。
在选择残疾保险时,需要对不同保险公司的保障范围进行比较,选择最适合自身需求的方案。
五、保费支付方式残疾保险的保费支付方式有多种选择,一般包括一次性支付、分期支付和年度支付等。
在选择保费支付方式时,需要考虑自身财务状况和整体保险规划,确保能够按时足额支付保费,保障保险权益。
六、附加条款在购买残疾保险时,还可以考虑添加一些附加条款,如轻度疾病保险、豁免保费等,以增加保险保障的全面性和灵活性。
七、总结综上所述,残疾保险规划方案是一项重要的保险规划内容,对于个人和家庭的财务保障至关重要。
通过合理测算保额、选择适合的保险类型和保障范围、考虑保费支付方式以及添加附加条款等方式,可以制定一份全面有效的残疾保险规划方案,为未来不确定的风险提供充分保障。
希望每位投保者都能够根据自身需求和实际情况,选择合适的残疾保险产品,为自己和家人的未来保驾护航。
解析残疾保险的重要性和选择残疾保险是一种保险产品,旨在为个人提供经济保障,以应对突发意外导致的残疾情况。
在人生的旅程中,我们无法预料发生的意外事件,而这些事件可能会导致身体上的伤害或残疾。
因此,残疾保险对于每个人来说都至关重要。
本文将探讨残疾保险的重要性以及如何选择适合自己的保险产品。
一、残疾保险的重要性1. 经济保障残疾保险可以为个人提供经济保障。
在面对意外事故导致的残疾时,残疾保险可以给予保险受益人相应的赔偿,帮助他们支付医疗费用、康复费用以及日常生活费用。
这种保险金的支持可确保保险受益人在残疾期间仍能维持正常的生活水平。
2. 减轻家庭负担残疾保险还可以减轻家庭的负担。
当家庭成员因残疾导致无法工作时,他们可能无法为家庭贡献收入,这将给整个家庭带来困难和压力。
有了残疾保险,家庭成员可以获得保险金,帮助他们度过经济困难时期,保持生活的基本需求。
3. 提供心理支持残疾保险不仅可以提供经济保障,还可以提供心理支持。
面对残疾的现实,个人可能会感到失落和无助。
然而,有了残疾保险,个人可以感到安心,知道他们在意外发生时会得到支持,并且可以继续追求自己的梦想。
二、选择适合的残疾保险1. 了解保险产品在选择残疾保险时,了解不同的保险产品是非常重要的。
不同的保险公司提供各种各样的保险计划,涉及不同的保额、保费和保险条款。
仔细研究和比较各种产品,可以帮助我们选择适合我们需求的保险。
2. 确定保险需求在选择保险产品之前,我们需要确定自己的保险需求。
这可能包括考虑我们的年龄、职业以及家庭状况。
不同的人有不同的保险需求,因此在选择保险产品时,我们应根据自身情况来确定需要的保额和保障范围。
3. 财务状况评估在选择残疾保险时,我们还需要评估自己的财务状况。
首先,我们需要确定自己能够承担的保险费用。
其次,我们需要考虑财务支出和家庭预算,以确保保险费用不会对我们的生活造成过大的负担。
4. 选择可信赖的保险公司最后,选择可信赖的保险公司非常重要。
英文回答:The fundamental principles for the prudent utilization of NSAIDs necessitate aprehensive assessment of the necessity for NSAID therapy in each individual patient. This necessitates a careful consideration of the risk factors for NSAID-related adverse events, epassing age, concurrent administration of other medications such as corticosteroids or anticoagulants, history of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding, and cardiovascular risk factors. Prior to the prescription of NSAIDs, a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history and risk factors is imperative to ascertain whether the benefits of NSAID therapy outweigh the potential risks.谨慎使用国家残疾保险的基本原则要求全面评估每个病人接受国家残疾保险治疗的必要性。
这就需要仔细考虑与NSAID有关的不良事件、超龄、同时服用其他药物如皮质类固醇或抗凝固剂、化粪便溃疡病史或肠胃出血以及心血管风险因素的风险因素。
在开处方前,必须彻底评估患者的病史和风险因素,以确定国家疾病保险治疗的好处是否超过潜在风险。
危疾保險 (Critical Illness Insurance)(本撮要內容主要是節錄及翻譯自英國保險業協會(ABI)的介紹文件,如有疑問或欲了解詳細及最新英文資料,可在下戴。
本文只提供一般的資料,並不代表個別保險公司的條款,投保人必需在投保前查閱及核實個別保險公司的資料。
)為甚麼要考慮購買危疾保險?你需考慮購買危疾保險。
如果當你患上危疾時(例如癌症、心臟病或中風) ,你或依賴你而生活的人, 將會面對財政困難。
當你患上危疾時,因為你不能依期供款,你最不希望的財務憂慮是失去你的房子。
危疾保險可令你安心養病。
甚麼是危疾保單?當你患上危疾並符合保單上所訂之危疾定義時,保險公司通常會償付一筆免稅的定額保金。
但你要小心不應與其他健康保險混淆。
例如:-私家醫療保險只保障私家醫療所需的費用成本。
-入息保障保險在你因病或意外而不適合工作時,便會支付每月的替補入息給你,直至保障期完結或你巳康復和回到工作崗位為止。
危疾包括甚麼危險疾病?不同保單會包括不同的危險疾病,它們會列明在保單文件中。
所有保單都會包括癌症、心臟病和中風。
英國保險業協會印刷有最低標準的一般危險疾病和標準定義。
所有的英國保險公司都會依循這最低標準或對投保人更好的定義。
但請記住有些通用疾病名稱只能作參考之用,必需依循保單之醫學定義為準。
例如有些癌症是不包括在內的,因為有些癌症是良性的、對工作沒有影響、對生命是沒有危險的。
在標準定義中,危險疾病分為兩大類,核心情況和附加情況。
核心情況是一般最常發生的危險疾病。
核心情況 (Core Conditions) 包括:癌症 (Cancer),冠狀動脈新闢通道手術(駁橋) (Coronary Artery by-pass Surgery), 心臟病 (Heart Attack),腎衰竭 (Kidney Failure),主要器官移植 (Major Organ Transplant),多種硬化症 (Multiple Sclerosis) 和中風 (Stroke)。
外文翻译原文Continuity of Health Insurance Coverage Among Young Adults With DisabilitiesMaterial Source: World Wide WebAuthor: S.Todd Callahan and William O.CooperABSTRACTOBJECTIVES. Although considered critical to facilitate the successful transition from pediatric to adult health care,the continuity of insurance coverage for young adults with disabilities as they make the transition to adulthood has not been well characterized.The purpose of this work was to compare the continuity of insurance coverage reported by a nationally representative sample of young adults 16 to 25 years old with and without disabilities during a consecutive 36-month period.METHODS.We performed secondary analysis of data from the 2001 Survey of Income Program and Participation.Data for the survey were collected at 4-month intervals from February 2001 through January 2004 for 5170 young adults.Subjects with disabilities were those who reported limitations in activities of daily living or work,used assistive devices,and/or had learning disabilities,mental retardation,or other mental disorders.The primary outcome was uninsurance defined for each study month in which there was no coverage by private,public,or military programs.We present bivariate analyses of the months of uninsurance according to disability status using longitudinal weights and design-effect adjustments to account for the complex sample design.RESULTS.The sample consisted of 599 subjects with and 4571 without reported disabilities,representing 3 970 000 and 30 800 000 young adults in the United States,respectively.At study entry,22%of the young adults with disabilities were uninsured.During the 36-month follow-up period,56%of the young adults with disability reported gaps in insurance coverage with a mean of 15 months of uninsurance.The proportion of uninsured subjects did not significantly differ by disability status.CONCLUSIONS.The majority of young adults with disabilities reported gapsin insurance coverage,and many were uninsured for a substantial portion of the study period.As an increasing number of children with special health care needs make the transition to adulthood,improving the continuity of health insurance coverage for this population warrants specific attention.Key Words: insurance ,transition to adulthood ,disabilities, chronic illness/conditionBecause an estimated 500000 children with disabilities and other special health care needs reach adulthood each year, the health care transitions of these youth have garnered increasing attention.Among the many life and health care transitions that characterize this period, young adults must also negotiate changes in health insurance coverage. Many of these youth have ongoing health issues; therefore, continuous health insurance coverage is desirable to allow timely access to health care during young adulthood and to facilitate the transition to adult health care.The continuity of health insurance coverage for young adults with disabilities has not been well characterized to date. Many become ineligible for the public coverage or their parent's private health insurance at age 19 years. Full-time students may be eligible for continued coverage on their parents’ policy until they complete college.However, as they age out of the coverage that they held as children, young adults are twice as likely to be uninsured as children or older adults,and studies suggest that young adults with disabilities have rates of uninsurance that are similarly high.Most current studies of health insurance coverage for young adults with disabilities are limited to cross-sectional data that fail to capture discontinuities in health insurance coverage over time and may underestimate the numbers who are uninsured during young adulthood.METHODSData SourceWe performed secondary analyses of data from the 2001 Survey of Income Program and Participation (SIPP). The SIPP is a federally funded longitudinal multiyear panel survey of the civilian noninstitutionalized population administered by the US Census Bureau.The purpose of the SIPP is to collect information on income, labor force, and program participation of individuals and households in the United States.Study PopulationWe included all of the respondents who were 16 to 25 years old at the time of the first interview and for whom information was available for the entire 36 months of the survey. We chose to include respondents with the entire 36 months of data toallow for a longitudinal assessment of insurance status for longer periods of time. Of the 9234 young adults who completed wave 2 of the 2001 SIPP, 5170 subjects (56%) had complete data for the entire 36 months.Health Insurance Coverage and Sociodemographic VariablesThe primary outcome was health insurance coverage, which was determined for each study month and expressed as a dichotomous variable. Respondents were considered insured for every month that they reported coverage by private, public, or military programs. Continuously insured young adults reported insurance coverage for each month of the 36-month period, whereas those with gaps reported 1 month of noncoverage.RESULTSIn the study population, 11.4% of 16- to 25-year-olds reported having a disability, representing 4 million young adults with disabilities in the United States. Among those with disabilities, 48% had learning or mental impairments, 45% were limited in functional activities, 37% reported limitations in the ability to work, 16% had limitations in ADL or IADL, and 7% used assistive devices. Overall, 58% of young adults with disabilities reported being limited in >1 of these disability domains. Young adults with disabilities did not differ from peers without disabilities in terms of age, Hispanic ethnicity, or marital status at the time of the initial interview Young adults with disabilities were significantly more likely than peers without disabilities to be black and to live in a household with an income <200% of the poverty threshold and were less likely to be attending school or to be employed at the time of the initial interview.Continuity of Insurance Coverage According to Disability StatusThe majority of young adults with disabilities reported gaps in health insurance coverage, and young adults with disabilities were as likely as those without disabilities to report having a gap in health insurance coverage (56% vs 54%). Twenty-eight percent of young adults with disabilities were uninsured between 1 and 12 months, and another 28% were uninsured for 13 of the 36 months of the study period. Youth with disabilities who experienced gaps in coverage reported being uninsured for a mean of 15 months out of the 36-month period. The mean number of months without health insurance did not significantly differ for young adults with or without disabilities.Insurance Coverage of Young Adults With Disabilities According to AgeWhen stratified by age at the start of the study, youth who were 16 to 18 years oldwere significantly less likely than older peers to be uninsured at the start of the study. They were also less likely to report a gap in coverage during the 36-month period (P < .05). 5% of 16- to 18-year-olds were uninsured at the start of the study, and 46% reported a gap in coverage during the next 36 months. Among 19- to 21-year-olds, 30% were uninsured at the start of the study, and 62% reported a gap in coverage during the study period. Similar rates were seen for 22- to 25-year-olds, with 30% reporting uninsurance at the start of the study and 60% reporting a gap in coverage during the study period. Although 18% of 16- to 18-year-olds were uninsured for >12 months, one third of 19- to 21- and 22- to 25-year-olds were uninsured for >12 months.DISCUSSIONIn this study, we used longitudinal data to assess characteristics of insurance coverage during a 36-month period for a nationally representative sample of young adults with and without disabilities. We found that the majority of young adults in our study experienced a gap in health insurance coverage during the study, and many were uninsured for a substantial period of time. The proportion of young adults with disabilities who experienced gaps in coverage and the mean number of months of uninsurance did not differ from the group of youth without disabilities.Previous studies using cross-sectional data provide estimates that 20% to 26% of young adults with disabilities are uninsured at a point in time.The findings of our study add to the literature by using longitudinal data to assess insurance status over time. Although the proportion of young adults who were uninsured at the start of the study is consistent with previous point-in-time estimates, the longitudinal data show that 56% of young adults with disabilities were uninsured during the 3-year study. Because they are more likely to have ongoing health issues, we hypothesized that young adults with disabilities would have greater incentive to maintain continuous health insurance coverage than their peers without disability. Our study findings did not support this hypothesis but rather suggest that the chasm between health insurance coverage options for children with disabilities and those for adults creates a period of particular vulnerability for young adults with disability.In our study, young adults over age 18 years at the start of the study were more likely than those less than age 18 years to experience gaps in coverage. Most children with disabilities are insured through public coverage or as a dependent on their parent's private health insurance, and the majority will lose eligibility for both of these types of coverage during young adulthood. Medicaid coverage is notavailable to most young adults unless they are parenting. Supplemental Security Income provides coverage for only one fourth of children with disabilities, and requirements become more stringent at age 19 years. Consequently, approximately one third of adolescents who receive Supplemental Security Income do not qualify for similar coverage in adulthood. Young adults with disabilities may be less likely to have access to private health insurance than peers without disability as demonstrated by the differences in insurance coverage at baseline in our study. The majority of adults obtain private health insurance through employment-based coverage. Youth with disabilities are less likely to be employed or to work full-time than peers without disability, thus, it is likely that they would have greater difficulty procuring employment-based health insurance coverage.Our study also demonstrates that youth with discontinuous health insurance coverage are uninsured for extended periods of time. We found that young adults with disabilities who experienced gaps in coverage were uninsured for a mean of 15 of the 36 months. Many youth with disabilities require ongoing health care to reduce morbidity and improve functioning. As young adults with disability transfer from pediatric to adult health care providers, lack of health insurance may limit their options for adult health care. In addition to its effects on access to health care for disability management, lack of health insurance is likely to reduce access to preventive health care.We anticipated that a greater need and awareness for health care might positively affect insurance rates for young adults with disabilities relative to those without disabilities. However, it is also possible that persons with disabilities may have less opportunity to gain health insurance through employment or full-time student status, the means by which most young adults are covered. Thus, it is also plausible that disability status could result in lower rates of insurance and higher rates of discontinuity. These social determinants of health and health care access are important issues, and additional study to assess the potential health impact of discontinuities in health insurance in this population will be important.Some states have proposed or enacted policies that may reduce gaps in health insurance coverage during young adulthood. Several states have enacted or are considering legislation to raise the age limit for dependent health insurance coverage, including New Jersey, which passed legislation in 2006 that allows young adults to qualify for dependent health insurance coverage to age 30 years. Increasing the age of eligibility for dependent coverage may benefit young adults with disabilities,because many of these youth will not qualify for public coverage based on their disability and/or income. In recent years, New Jersey, Massachusetts, and other states extended eligibility for public health insurance programs like Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program beyond age 18 years to childless young adults who meet income guidelines. Unfortunately, provisions in these states were subsequently scaled back because of budgetary issues. Pediatric and young-adult providers should keep abreast of initiatives in their state and consider contributing their expertise to local and national policy initiatives.译文残疾青年人健康保险的连续性作者:S.Todd Callahan and William O.Cooper资料来源:万维网一、摘要目标:尽管人们认为从儿童成功过渡到成人的健康保健很关键,尤其是残疾青壮年健康保险覆盖的连续性方面,但在他们过渡到成年期的过程中,这项工作并没有得到很好的实施。