2024年英语四级真题长难句解析

第1页 共19页 2024年英语四级真题长难句解析

英语四级真题长难句解析1

真题长难句解析

1、Ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being

“less bad” but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely

returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again.

本句为复合句。句子主干为our basic design strategy is focused not on being “less

bad” but on creating healthful materials。that引导定语从句，修饰materials。however 意为“然而”，是插入成分。not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个介词短语。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”，表示并列结构。

然而最终，我们的基本设计目标不仅是简单地关注于“较低危害”，而是发明完全有益于健康的材料，这种材料或可以无害地回归土地，或可以被工业重复利用。

2、As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states — light sleep, deep

sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep — that repeats approximately every 90

minutes.

本句为复合句。主句主干为you pass through a sequence of sleep states。as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。that引导非限制性定语从句，修饰a sequence of sleep states，that在从句中作主语。light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep 是插入成分，具体说明 states 的内容。

人们睡觉时经历了一连串的睡眠阶段——浅度睡眠阶段，深度睡眠阶段，快速眼动睡眠阶段——大约每90分钟重复一次。

3、You program the clock with the latest time at which you want to be wakened, 第2页 共19页 and it then duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.

本句为并列复合句。句子主干为You program the clock, and it wakes you。at which 引导定语从句，修饰 time，which 在从句中作时间状语，at+时间是固定搭配，所以 which 之前加介词 at，表示在某一具体时间点。句末的 that 指代 the latest time。

将闹钟调好至你想起床的时间，它便会适时地在之前的最后一个浅眠期将你叫醒。

4、Home builders can now use materials — such as paints that release significantly

reduced amounts of organic compounds — that don’t destroy the quality of the air,

water, or soil.

本句为复合句。主句为Home builders can now use materials。such as… compounds是举例说明，作插入语。第一个 that 引导定语从句，修饰 paints;第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰 materials。

房屋建造者们现在可以使用不破坏空气、水或土壤的材料，如释放少量有机物的涂料。

5、We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to

make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.

本句为复合句。主句为We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an

opportunity to make choices。that 引导定语从句，修饰 choices，that 在从句中作主语。to make choices 作 opportunity 的定语。

我们提供高质量和健康的产品，提供做选择的机会，他们可以选择对世界有益的产品。

6、This jumping to our children’s defence is part of what fuels the “walking on

eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. (2008年12月)

本句为复合句，主干为…jumping to our children’s defence is part of…。what引导的第3页 共19页 宾语从句what fuels…feelings作of的宾语。that引导的定语从句that surrounds…children修饰feeling。

这种对孩子的急切保护，加剧了我们在处理别人孩子的事情时，那种“在蛋壳上行走”的感觉。

7、Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in

Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. (2008年12月)

本句为简单句。句子主干为 you’ll die…。Assuming…term 为条件状语。about 78 years

for men in Australia作插入语，是对natural term的解释说明，去掉后，句子的语法结构和语义仍完整。

假定你有幸活到了生命的自然尽头——在澳大利亚男性大概是78岁——你平均也要比女性早去世五年。

8、Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing

anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. (2008年12月)

本句为复合句。主句为Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。 who引导定语从句,修饰 a

50-year-old man。delay后常接动名词，表示“推迟做某事”。smoker’s cough指吸烟引起的咳嗽。

两个月前，古丽塔遇见一位50岁的男人，他耽搁了一年而未对吸烟引起的咳嗽做任何处理。

9、Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only

when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a

study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. (2008年12月)

本句为并列复合句。when引导时间状语从句，according to…是介词短语。conducted by

Verde Group and Wharton School作后置定语修饰a study。the last one to do sth.意为“最第4页 共19页 后一个做某事的人”。

据沃德集团和沃顿商学院所做的一份联合调查显示，商店经理总是最后一个接到投诉，并且通常是当他们的常客决定定期光顾他们的竞争对手时才发现。

10、“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over

issues than those who aren’t so friendly,” said Professor Stephen Hoch. (2008年12月)

本句中的直接引语为复合句。句子主干为Retailers are more likely to smooth over

issues than those, more…than是比较级结构。第一个who引导的定语从句修饰Retailers，第二个who引导的定语从句修饰those。

史提芬.霍克教授说：“与那些态度不友好的零售商相比，能够及时作出反应且态度友好的零售商更有可能平息事端。”

英语四级阅读备考：真题长难句解析(3)

11、He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by

preventive check-ups. (2008年12月)

本句为复合句，主干为He believes…diseases…could be addressed…。that引导的定语从句that commonly affect men修饰most diseases。by preventive check-ups为be

addressed的方式状语。

他相信，那些经常感染男性的疾病大多数都可以通过预防性的检查来处理掉。

12、Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but

instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers — and anyone who will

listen. (2008年12月)

本句为复合句，主干为Shoppers seldom complain to…but…will alert…。破折号在这里