2017必修二unit 3

Unit 3 Computer教课方案Period 1: Warming up and readingTeaching AimsTo talk about computerTo read about computerProceduresI. Warming upWarming up by talking about computerLook at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they havein common? Yes, they are computers. Then what is a computer?A computer is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory and does calculations on thatknowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A computer usually has a monitor toshow results. However, some computers can speak; these computers can be used for voice mail.计算机室A computer fr equently requires a boot device. The boot device contains the computer’ s operatin system and data. Computer programs can be installed onto a computer. Some people think thatcomputers are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. They think this because theInternet allows the computers to send and receive data and email across the world.曙光 3000 巨型计算机A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic;these materials will become toxic waste when disposed of. When a new computer is purchased insome places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is calledproduct stewardship.In some countries old computers are recycled (melted down) to get gold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedure releases the toxic waste into the water and soil.Computers become obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace themwithin two or three years. This makes the problem worse. Computer recycling is thus common. Manyprojects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and willnot become waste as quickly.Computer jargon 计算机行话Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what thesewords mean can help you know more about computers. Some people use these words to impressother people (Also known as buzzwords).Examples of jargon:Bit - The smallest data unit, can either be a“ 0.” or a“ 1.” .B yte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and NibbleCPU –Central Processing Unit, Another name for processorData - Information stored on a computerDisk - A place to store data.Email - Electronic mail.GHz - Gigahertz. Used often incorrectly to describe the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4 GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick.Load - Get data from a diskNibble - Half a ByteSave - Put data on a diskRAM –random-access memory(随机存取储存器), the more the better.USB - Universal Serial Bus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座）WWW - World Wide Web, part of the InternetII. Pre-reading1.Questioning and answering---What do you know about computer?●E lectronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of varioustypes of data, under the control of a stored set of instructions. The machine itself is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers.●A multi-function electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task.●A device that accepts information, processes it, andsupplies an output. A computer usuallycontains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output.●a programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substantial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices.●R elated to automation and electronic data processing. The Library of Congress commonly classes most computer-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges.●a machine for performing calculations automaticallycalculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines)●A computer is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (usually by, programming) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer configured in this way is give2. Discussing and sharing---How have computers changed our lives?Someday soon, if you haven’ t already, you’ re likely to plug into the computer network nation growing in our midst. Computer terminals, or small computers connected via modem (amodulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephonelines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. They’ re a much more useful and huma tool than the phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks will beeverywhere----changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile.Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages,where new members are formally welcomed. The larger networks, the Source and CompuServe,for example, are cities-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into.III. Reading1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I?Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses,pronunciation and intonation of the native reader.2. Reading aloud and underlining expressionsNow we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put themdown into your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from WHO AM I?begin as ⋯ , a calculating machine, be built as ⋯ , at that time, a technologicalrevolution, the start of artificial intelligence, write a book, be made to work, solveproblems, from then on , grow any larger, As time went by, go back to⋯ ,be made smaller, memory became so large, stand there by oneself, be connected by share knowledge⋯ with, othersthrough⋯ , be put into⋯ , provide humans with⋯ , deal with⋯ , truly filled with⋯3. Reading, identifying and settlingAttention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Tryanalyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. Youmay also put your questions to me for help.Chat （ online）（在）聊天To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or tomany people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk withmany different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room ormessaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, orMSN Messenger.IV . Comprehending1.Scan the text for information to complete the table below, describing the development of computer.In 1642The computer began as a calculating machine. In 1822The analytical machine was made by CharlesBabbage.In 1936The computer grew rapidly both in size andin brainpower.1940s The computer had grown as large as a room. In 1960s The first family of computer was connected to each other.In 1970s Computers were used in offices and homes. Now Computers connect people all over the world Together.2. Read the text again and complete the chart below.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3 Topic Over time I have These changesSince the senten been changedonly1970sce quite became possible many newa lot.as my memory applicationsimproved.have beenfound for me. Suppo Calculating tubes communicat rting machine transistors ionsdetails Analytical chips financemachine network tradeUniversal world wide robotsmachine web mobilePC phoneslaptop spacerocketsproviding alife ofhigh qualityPeriod 2:Learning about LanguageTeaching Aims:To learn to use The Present Perfect Passive VoiceTo discover useful words and expressionTo discover useful structuresProceduresI. Warming up by reading to the tapeTo begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I?Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronunciation of the reader.II. Discovering useful words and expressionsIn pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes.III.Learning about grammar1. Passive Voice— OverviewTense or Model Passive SentenceSimple Present The TOEFL exam is given every six months.Simple past The TOEFL exam was given last month.Simple Future The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15.Present Continuous The TOEFL exam is being given every year.Present perfect The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950.Past perfect Simple Modal Past Modal The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred. The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student.The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges.2. The Present Perfect Passive VoiceThe structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has ＋ been＋ ~edIV . Reading aloud and discoveringNow go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passive Voice.⋯as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.V. Discovering useful structureWe shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 21.VI. Closing down by doing a quizCorrect the mistakes in these passive voice sentencesExample: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.)1.3000 employees were laying off.2. A story will made up.3.An idea was putted forward for discussion.4.Has the book been give back to you yet?5.My bank loan will be payed off in five years time.6.Nothing can be hold against me.7.Our allies will be lend support.8.She has never heard of.9.She was being knocked down by a bus.10.She was letted off with a fine.11.The candle was blow out by the draught.12.The criminal were locked up.13.The flood water was be kept back by barriers.14.The inconvenience will made up for by this money.15.The keys must have been being left behind.16.The old cinema is being pull down.17.The protesters being held back by the police.18.The road was blocking off.19.Thirty more people were laid off last week.20.Your jacket can be hanged up over there.Period 3: Using Language Teaching Aims:Todiscuss about ITTo write a report about ITTo read about androids or robotsProceduresI. Warming up by talking about ITWhat is Information technology?Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology(ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particularthe use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store,protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere,anytime.II. Listening and writingTurn to page 22. Discuss in pairs what IT consists of and then make a list. Listen to the text aboutdifferent kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantagesand disadvantages of each kind.III.Reading, speaking and writingIt is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text Andy—The Android,underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have!Expressions from Andy —The Androidpart of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be as⋯ as ⋯ , in fat,li ke ⋯ , on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to ⋯ , in computer language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improveone ’ s intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, program⋯make up⋯ , after all, with the help of⋯Speaking and writingSuppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your school. Now talk aboutthe special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster.IV. Writing a letterSuppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy.AndroidAn android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. Theword derives from Greek Andr- ‘ man,human’and the suffix -eides used tomean ‘ of the species, kind, alike’ (from eidos‘ species’ ).The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from thismeaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a malehuman and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexistlanguage to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used.Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote severaldifferent kinds of man-made, autonomous creations:a robot that closely resembles a humana cyborg that closely resembles a humanan artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a humanAlthough essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascinationin developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence).The term android was first used by the French author Mathias Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (1838-1889) inhis work Tomorrow ’sEve, featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said bythe officer in the story,“ In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls.”附：备课参照资料Computer BasicsTo accomplish a task using acomputer,you need acombination of hardware,software, and input.Hardware consists of devices,like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse and speakers. Inside your computer there are more bits of hardware, including the motherboard, where you would find the main processing chips that make up the central processing unit (CPU). The hardware processes the commands it receives from the software, and performs tasks or calculations.Software is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain typesof activities. There is operating system software, such as the Apple OS for aMacintosh, or Windows 95 or Windows 98 for a PC. There is also applicationsoftware, like the games we play or the tools we use to compose letters or domath problems.You provide the input. When you type a command or click on an icon, you are telling the computer what to do. That is called input.How They Work TogetherFirst, you provide input when you turn on the computer. Then the system software tells the CPUto start up certain programs and to turn on some hardware devices so thatthey are ready for more input from you. This whole process is calledbooting up.The next step happens when you choose a program you want to use.You click on the icon or enter a command to start the program. Letexample of an Internet browser. Once the program has started, it is ready for your instructions. You either enter an address (called a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address you’ ve saved already. In either case, the computer now knows what you want it to do. The browser software then goes out to find that address, starting up otherhardware devices, such as a modem, when it needs them. If it is able to find the correct address, the browser will then tell your computer to send the information from the web page over the phone wire or cable to your computer. Eventually, you see the web site you were looking for.If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the printer icon. Again, you haveprovided input to tell the computer what to do. The browser softwaredetermines whether you have a printer attached to your computer, and whether it is turned on. It mayremind you to turn on the printer, then send the information about the web page from your computerover the cable to the printer, where it is printed out.II. TelevisionOld portable televisionA television (also TV or telly) is a device (tool) with a screen that receives broadcast signals andturns them into pictures and sound. The word“ television” comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (seeing).Usually a TV looks like a box. Older TVs had large wooden frames and saton the floor like furniture. Newer TVs became smaller so they could fit onshelves, or even portable so you could take it with you wherever you went.The smallest TVs can fit in your hand. The largest TVs can take up a wholewall in your house, and may sit on the floor, or be just a large flat screen thatcan be mounted on the wall. Many TVs are now made in widescreen shape like movie theatrescreens, rather than old, more square TVs.A television has an antenna (or aerial), or it has a cable. This gets the signal from the air, or cableprovider. TVs can also show movies from DVD players or VCRs. TVs can be connected tocomputers and game consoles, usually through a kind of socket called.“ SCART”III. Web or World Wide WebThe World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that contains web sites and web pages.It is not used to describe WebPages that are used offline where net services are not available, orno computer network exists - such as Wikipedia on CD. In this case no real physical site existsother than the place where the computer is. Blog and Wiki capabilities will also not be availablebecause these require a communication with other computers.IV .RadioRadio is a communications invention. Though originally used tocommunicate between two people, it is now used to listen to music, news,and people talking. Radio shows were the predecessor to TV programs.V. DVDDVD most commonly stands for “ digital versatile disk ”It. can playvideo that is of a higher quality than a VHS tape.VI. Two kinds of DVDThey can also hold 4.7 GB of information as opposed to the 700 MB that a CD can hold. A plus of using a DVD for a video is the ability to have interactive menus and bonus features such as deleted scenes and commentaries.VII. EmailEmail (electronic mail) is a message, usually text, sent from one Internet user to another. Email is quicker than snail mail(mail) when sending over long distances and isusually free. To send or receive an email, a computer with a modem andtelephone line connected to the Internet, and an email program arerequired. Email addresses are generally formated like this: login@server.(com or fr or org or uk or other).Some companies let you send and receive email for free from a website. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! do this.VIII. HumanHere are two humans.A man is on the left and a woman is on the right.A human or human being is a person, like you.A male human is a man, a female human is a woman. If you think about all humans in the whole world, they are called humanity. In the past, people have also used man and mankind to mean all humans.Humans are called Homo sapiens by scientists. Humans are an animal species that belongs to the group called primates. Monkeys are primates too, but the primates most like people are gorillas and chimpanzees. Most scientists think that chimpanzees and humans came from a common ancestor by what is called evolution. Other animals even more like humans than chimpanzees once lived too, but they are now extinct.Human rights are those things that everyone deserves and the way they should be treated by other people.选择朋友要经过周祥观察，要经过命运的考验，无论是对其意志力仍是理解力都应预先查验，看其能否值得信任。

Unit 3　Section ⅢⅠ.单词拼写导学号 571441841．They are talking about the problems which __arose__(出现)from the lack of communication.解析：他们正在讨论缺乏沟通所引起的问题。

2．The firm is Britain's main producer of __electronic__(电子的)equipment.解析：这家公司是英国电子器材的主要生产商。

3．Everyone admires her strength of __character__(性格)and determination.解析：所有人都很欣赏她的性格和意志力。

4．What do you charge for this __type__(类型)of camera?解析：这种型号的照相机你卖多少钱？5．Did you __signal__(发信号)before you turned right?解析：右转弯前你是否发出了信号？Ⅱ.句型转换导学号 571441851．What did you do with the letter?__How__did you __deal __with__ the letter?2．With my teacher helping me，I made great progress in English.__With ____the help of__my teacher，I made great progress in English.3．With time passing，he became more and more intelligent.__As__time __went__ __by__，he became more and more intelligent.4．In my view，he is clever and diligent.__In__ __my__ __opinion__，he is clever and diligent.5．Like many people，he prefers pop music to classical music.__In common with__many people，he prefers pop music to classical music.Ⅲ.单句语法填空导学号 571441861．He found it increasingly difficult to read，__for__his eyesight was beginning to fail.解析：考查连词用法。

SectionⅢGrammar一、将下列句子中的主动语态变为被动语态1.His mother has told him not to waste time on fishing.答案:He has been told not to waste time on fishing (by his mother).2.Father has given me a toy at Christmas.答案:I have been given a toy at Christmas (by my father).3.This factory has produced a lot of machine tools.答案:A lot of machine tools have been produced in this factory.4.He has discovered many old inventions.答案:Many old inventions have been discovered (by him).二、完成下列被动语态的句子1.The doctor has saved a lot of persons in his life.A lot of persons by the doctor in his life.答案:have been saved2.He has repaired the machine for two hours.The machine for two hours.答案:has been repaired3.The students have learned thousands of English words.Thousands of English words by the students.答案:have been learned4.Many countries have sent up many man-made satellites into space.Many man-made satellitesspace by many countries.答案:have been sent up into5.We have made well preparations for the task and we’re ready to start.Well preparations for the task and we’re ready to start. 答案:have been made6.The parents have warned the children not to go near the lake.The children not to go near the lake.答案:have been warned7.They have tried every possible means to prevent air pollution.Every possible means to prevent air pollution.答案:has been tried8.We have put off the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.The sports meeting because of the heavy rain.答案:has been put off三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.In the last few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world.答案:have been produced2.Experiments of this kind (conduct)in both the U.S.and Europe well.答案:have been conducted3.After getting lost in a storm,a member of the navy team (rescue) four days later.答案:was rescued4.Many English teachers there (send)to Britain for further study so far. 答案:have been sent5.New fences (build) around the farm.We are not afraid of the wild dogs now.答案:have been built6.His new songs (accept)by his fans already.答案:have been accepted7.The world record (break)for many times by Chinese.答案:has been broken8.The floor (clean)by my mother.Let’s sleep on it.答案:has been cleaned9.The house (not paint) for years.答案:hasn’t been painted10.We (invite) to take part in his wedding.There is no need to ask him again.答案:have been invited四、用适当的时态与语态进行语法填空1.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.答案:has been made2.The famous musician,as well as his students,(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony.答案:was invited3.—Will you attend the meeting this afternoon?—But up till now I (not tell)anything about that.答案:haven’t been told4.Great changes have (take) place in the city,and a lot of factories have(set) up.答案:taken;been set5.—We want to sit at the table near the window.—I’m sorry,but it (take) already.答案:has been taken6.A lot of measures (take) to protect wildlife here in the past three years.答案:have been taken7.—How many times have you (tell) not to play with fire?—I’m sorry.I’ll never do that again.答案:been told8.—How long you (employ) as a firefighter?—Since 1990.答案:have;been employed9.The Great Wall (rebuild)many times in history since it was first built.答案:has been rebuilt10.—I (tell)the football match might be put off.—Yes.Well,it all depends on the weather.答案:have been told五、使用被动语态完成句子1.(已经种植了许多树)behind his house.答案:Many trees have been planted2.The important problem(已被讨论一周了).答案:has been discussed for a week3.(这台机器使用有多久了)?答案:How long has the machine been used4.No book (没人来买过书)since last week.答案:has been bought5.Many new buildings(在过去十年被建造起来).答案:have been built in the past ten years6.His father left home in 1998,and(从那以后再也没有收到过他的消息).答案:has not been heard of since then7.(他们结婚多久了)?答案:How long have they been married8.(他的书已经还给他了吗)?答案:Has his book been returned to him9.Their work (已经完成) ahead of time.答案:has been finished10.Has that book writing(已经写完了吗)?答案:been finished六、阅读理解APersonal computers and the Internet give people new choice about how to spend their time.Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members,but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about.I know this from personal experience.E-mail makes it easy to work at home,where I now spend most weekends and evenings.My working hours aren’t necessarily m uch shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office.This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have.The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends.Say you do something funny—see a great movie perhaps—and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it.If you call each one,you will get tired of telling the story.With e-mail,you just write one note about your experience,at your convenience,and address it to all the friends that you think might be interested.They can read your message when they have time,and read only as much as they want to.They can reply at their convenience,and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.E-mail is also an inexpensive way to stay in close touch with people who live far away.Many parents use e-mails to keep in touch,even daily touch,with their children off at college.We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch.They don’t elim inate(排除) any of the old ways.1.The purpose of this passage is to.A.explain how to use the InternetB.describe the writer’s joy of keeping up with the latest technologyC.tell the merit(价值) and usefulness of the InternetD.introduce basic knowledge about computers and the Internet答案:C解析:推理判断题。

必修二英语unit3单词## Answer in English:Unit 3 Communication.1. Communicate to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings.2. Conversation a spoken exchange of ideas, opinions, or information between two or more people.3. Body language the way a person communicates through their physical movements and gestures.4. Facial expression the expression on a person's face that communicates their emotions or thoughts.5. Eye contact the act of looking directly at another person's eyes, which can communicate a variety of messages.6. Tone of voice the pitch, volume, and quality of a person's voice, which can communicate different emotions or attitudes.7. Verbal communication communication that uses words, either spoken or written.8. Nonverbal communication communication that uses body language, facial expressions, eye contact, and tone of voice.9. Intercultural communication communication between people from different cultures, which can presentchallenges due to differences in language, values, and customs.10. Effective communication communication that is clear, concise, and appropriate for the audience.## Answer in Chinese:必修二英语unit3单词。

calculate vt. (1)计算，核算计算，计算 eg: He calculated the costs very carefully. (2)估计估计 eg: I calculate that we will arrive at 6:00 p.m. calculator n.计算器计算器 calculation n. 计算，计算结果计算， calculating adj. （贬义的）精明的贬义的）会算计的simplify vt. 简化，使简明简化， eg: That will simplify my task. simple adj. 简单的，朴素的简单的， simplicity n.简单，朴实简单，简单 technological adj.工艺的，技术的工艺的，工艺的 eg: technological advances technological progress Her son is studying in a technological school.technology n. [U]技术，工艺学，工程技术技术，技术工艺学，technique n. [C]技巧，技术，技能技巧，技术，技巧 revolution n.(1)革命革命 eg: cause/start a revolution The French Revolution broke out in 1789. (2)巨变，大变革巨变，巨变eg: a cultural/social/scientific revolutionartificial adj. (1)人工的，人造的，假的人工的，人工的人造的，eg: artificial intelligence 人工智能 (2)人为的，非自然的人为的，人为的 eg: A job interview is a very artificial situation.(3)虚假的，假装的虚假的，虚假的 eg: artificial emotion 假装的感情intelligence [U] n. 智力，才智；消息，情报智力，才智；消息，搭配：搭配： have the intelligence to do sth 有做某事的智慧 eg: The government gets the secret intelligen ce of the enemy’s plans. He didn’t even have the intelligence to call for an ambulance. intelligent adj.聪明的聪明的solve vt. 解决，解答解决， eg: We finally solved the difficulty of transportation. Who can solve the mathematical problem? solution n. 解决，解答解决，from…on 从某时开始，从某时以后从某时开始， from then/that time on 从那时起 from now on 从现在起reality n. (1)真实，现实真实，真实搭配：搭配： face reality 面对现实 (2)（在艺术等方面）真实，逼真（在艺术等方面）真实，搭配：搭配： with reality 真实地 eg: The film showed life in the poor area with great reality. (3)事实，实际经历，见过的事物事实，事实实际经历， eg: The little boy has to face the harsh realities of life on his own.as a result 结果 eg: The boy worked hard. As a result, he passed the exam. as a result of = because of eg: As a result of a traffic accident, eight people lost their lives. without result 没有结果，白费没有结果， result from 由……造成，因……而产生造成，造成而产生 result in 导致application n. (1)申请，请求，申请书，申请表申请，申请请求，申请书，搭配：搭配： make an application (to sb) for sth （向某人）申请某物向某人） eg: I made an application to him for help.(2)（尤指理论，发明等的）（尤指理论，发明等的）应用，应用，运用eg: It’s of wide application.explore vt. (1)探测，勘查，探险探测，探测勘查，搭配：搭配：explore sth for sth 为了某物而勘探…… eg: They explored the land to the south of the river for oil. (2)探究，仔细查阅探究，探究eg: I’ll explore the possibility of getting a job here. exploration n.探险，探索，试探探险，探险探索， explorer n. 探险者anyhow adv.= anyway (1)而且，加之，反正而且，而且加之， eg: It’s too expensive and anyhow the color doesn’t suit you. (2)尽管，即使这样尽管，尽管 eg: The water was cold but I took a shower anyhow. (3)（转换话题，结束谈话时说）（转换话题，结束谈话时说）无论如何，无论如何，反正eg: Anyhow, let’s forget it.goal n. (1)目标，目的目标，目标搭配：搭配： set a goal 设定目标 pursue a goal 追求目标 achieve/realize/reach a goal 达成目标 (2)进球，得分进球，进球搭配：搭配： score/win/get/make a goal 得分happiness n. [U] 幸福，满足，愉快幸福，满足，搭配：搭配： with/in happiness 幸福地 find/achieve true happiness 找到找到/ 得到真正的幸福 happily adv.幸福地，快乐地幸福地，幸福地 happy adj. 幸福的，快乐的幸福的，human (1) adj. 人类的 eg: There are many differences between animals and the human race. (2) adj. 有人性的，有人情味的有人性的， eg: He is quite human when you know him. (3) n. (= human being) 人 eg: Dogs can hear much better than humans.“人，人类”的多种表达法：人人类”的多种表达法： man 人类（用于科普文章中）人类（用于科普文章中） human(s) 人（与动物相对）与动物相对） mankind 人类（统指全人类，带有崇高、人类（统指全人类，带有崇高、庄重的色彩）庄重的色彩） human being(s) 人（与动物、与动物、灵魂相对）神、灵魂相对） the human race 人类（必须人类（连用，与the连用，统指）连用统指） humanity 人性，仁爱（指人性）人性，仁爱（指人性） humankind 人类（统指，用人类（统指，于文学作品中）于文学作品中）signal v./ n. (1) v. 发信号；示意发信号；搭配：搭配： signal to sb 向某人发出信号 signal to sb to do sth 向某人发出做某事的信号 eg: She was signaling to the children to stay outside. (2) n. 信号，暗号信号，eg: When the teacher closes her book, it’s a signal for everyone to stand up.type n./ v. (1) [C] n. 类型，种类类型，搭配：一种…… 搭配：a type of 一种 eg: She mixes with all types of people. = She mixes with people of all types. (2) [C] n. 具有某种特征的人，典型具有某种特征的人，eg: She’s the artist type. (3) v. 打字，打印打字， eg: The letter needs to be typed.in a wa第2/3页way 在某种程度上 = to a certain degree eg： In a way, I like this new textbook. ： in one/some way = in a way in the way/ in sb’s way 挡道，碍事挡道， in no way 决不，一点也不决不， in this/ that way 以这种那种方式以这种/那种方式 by the way 顺便说一下 in any way 在任何方面on one’s way to 在去在去……的途中的途中arise (arose, arisen) vi. (1) 发生，产生，出现发生，产生， eg: Several new industries arose in the town. (2)（由……）引起，（因……），（因（）引起，（）产生搭配：搭配： arise out of 由……引起引起 arise from 因……产生产生 eg: All the injuries arose out of a road accident.with the help of = with one’s help 在……的帮助下的帮助下 eg: With the help of him (= With his help), we finished the work on time. 注意：在这个短语中，注意：在这个短语中，不要受汉语影响而把with换成换成under. 汉语影响而把换成deal with (1) 对待，对付，处理对待，对付， eg: How do you deal with this problem. (2) 与……交易（尤指做买卖）交易（交易尤指做买卖）eg: We’ve dealt with this company for 20 years. (3)论及，涉及论及，论及 eg: This book deals with an important issue.watch over (1)看管，照顾看管，看管 eg: Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim. (2)看守，监视，守卫，保护看守，看守监视，守卫， eg: They were watched over by three policemen. watch out 注意，留神注意， keep a watch on 监视Unit 3 Computers核心单词1. commonadj. 共同的，普遍的；常见的常用结构：in common 共有，公用(在句中多作状语）have nothing/little/a lot/something in common (with) sb.与某人没有/许多/有些共同之处in common with 和……一样common sense/knowledge 常识common welfare 公共福利易混辨析common/ordinary/usual/normalcommon 指“共有的，公共的；共同的；常见的”。

高中英语必修2 Unit 3 Computers1.discuss doing sth讨论/商量做某事have a discussion about sth讨论某事under discussion 在讨论中under construction在建造中We discussed holding the sports meet next week .They discussed Mary’s joining the League .They had a discussion about selling the house .The plan is under discussion .mon adj.常见的共同的in common 共同have something / nothing / much / little in common (with …)common sense 常识common language普通话common mistake常见错误ordinary adj.平凡的an ordinary person / soldier / teacher / workerusual adj. 惯常的 as usual跟往常一样general adj. 一般的in general = generally speaking一般说来总之The condition is most common among teenagers aged 18 to 24 .The book which I have read recently is about ordinary people.This book is intended for(为...而编写)the general reader, not for the specialist.As usual, he arrived early and started to work.The two brothers own the company in common .They have something in common with you .3.anyhow = anyway = in any case不管怎样无论如何________________(无论如何)，I must finish the work today .4.sound 连系动词+adj.(做表语) “听起来”：What you said ________ reasonable . sound like + n.“听起来像”： That _______________ a helicopter . sound as if(though)+句子： Her voice sounds as if she has a cold .5.universal adj.宇宙的普遍的通用的全世界的in the universe 在宇宙中Our world is but a small part of the universe.English is a universal language . It is a universal truth (普遍真理). Climate change is a universal problem（全球性的问题）.6.go by = pass经过:The boy sat and watched the cars go by.时光流逝:Time went by(=passed) slowly.顺便走访:She was in when I went by yesterday.判断:You can't go by what he says; he's very untrustworthy(靠不住的).Going by the traffic rule, the driver should be punished.7. in the 1990s在二十世纪九十年代in the nineties在九十年代in one’s nineties在某人九十多岁的时候It was not rare in the 1990s that people ____________________(五十多岁的)went to university for further education .8. have no choice but to do sth 除了…别无选择do nothing but do sth除了…什么也做不了I have no choice but __________(do) as (按照)you tell me .He did nothing but __________(stay) at home .9. lonely adj.孤独的寂寞的荒凉的(deserted) –带感情色彩alone adj. & adv.单独的(地)I am ________ , but I never feel ________ .He ___________________________(一直过着孤寂的生活)in the country .13.（all）by oneself单独地learn sth by oneself 自学=teach oneself sthleave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下She used to sit by herself(=alone) and read .She can’t leave her son by ________,because he will be afraid and cry .I learn English by myself . =The boy did the work all by himself .Nobody helped him .14.watch over看守监视Do not be afraid; God will watch over us.The robber __________________ by three policemen .A nurse sat _________________ him .15.no longer / not…any longer 不再（时间修饰延续性动词be teach live work）no more / not…any more 不再（数量或程度修饰非延续性动词come go make）I am ______________ a student .= I am _____ a student ______ ______.He ____________ lives here .= He ______ ______ here ______ ______. We won’t make the same mistake ____________ .You can drink _______________.= You ______ drink ______ ______.The boy doesn’t want ______________ .The rope is no longer than that one .(和…一样不长)16.develop Vt.& Vi.发展开发培养研制冲洗A child develops rapidly between the ages of 13 and 16.He developed a special interest in artificial intelligence .Can you develop this film for me ?He developed a new type of intelligent robot .17.from then on从那时起（一般过去时）since then 从那时起（现在完成时） They didn’t see each other from then on/after that .He went to Tokyo in 1956 and has lived there since then .I have lived here since four years ago (since I came to Beijing in 2007).18.type n.类型样式典型 v.打字 typist 打字员 typical adj.典型的 a type ofThe type of skirt is all the go(非常流行). 一种He is a fine type of the youth.Do you think butterfly is a type of (一种)insect?19.arise Vi.出现发生起身 (arose arisen) arise from/out of起因于产生于The country's present difficulties arise from the reduced value of its money. Accidents often arise from carelessness. = result fromNo mistakes could arise. 不会出差错 A new difficulty has arisen.How did this quarrel arise? =happen20.on在…的旁边是…的成员在…工作London is on the Thames . He is on the People’s Daily .Tom is on our football team . Which side are you on in the game ?21.advantage n. 优点（势）有利条件 disadvantage n. 缺点劣势have an advantage over胜过优于take advantage of乘机利用捉弄欺骗to sb’s advantage = to the advantage of sb 对某人有利We should take full advantage of (=make full use of)the lab’s equipments. You have an advantage over me in experience .It is unmoral（不道德的）to take advantage of the deformities(残疾人) .22.connect…with / to …把…和…连接起来（有形物）接通电话be connected with = be related to 与…有关（无形抽象）Will you connect this wire to the television ?The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic with the Pacific .Connect me with Beijing University .That old man was suspected(被怀疑)to be connected with the crime.23.serve vt.为…服务 He served the people heart and soul .招待顾客 What may I serve you with ?端上供应 Food will be served between 12:00 and 14:00 .serve as充当担任:He volunteered to serve as the manager of our factory.24.My goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality .She has a new car of her own (属于她自己的).But in reality (=in fact)he has a long way to go .As time went by , I did research into how to make my radio .In a way（在某种程度上）our programmer is like our coach .He won first place（获得第一名）in this maths competition .句型语法1. There are/were times when…有时常会…There was a time when…曾经一度 There are times when I feel my present job is too much for me.There were times when she felt quite chilly(寒冷).There was a time when the star was popular with the young .2. By the time (到…为止接句子)I was sixteen , my dream ________(come)true.By (到…为止接短语)the 1940s I ___________(grow)as large as a room.By the end of last year, we __________(learn)more than 2,000 English words.I won’t believe you until I have seen/see you with my own eyes .强调句：_____________________________________________________________ 倒装句：_____________________________________________________________They didn’t see the Great Wall until they came to China .强调句：_____________________________________________________________ 倒装句：_____________________________________________________________ He wasn’t freed until last year.强调句：_____________________________________________________________ 倒装句：_____________________________________________________________4. 现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done。

[话题素材]好词1．hobby n. 爱好2.relaxation n. 放松3．entertain v. 使快乐；款待 4.gifted adj. 有天赋的5．energetic adj. 精力充沛的 6.be fond of/be keen on 喜欢(某事)7．feel like doing sth. 想要做某事8.have/show an interest in 对……有兴趣9．be crazy about 对……狂热10.be addicted to 沉迷于11．be good for/do good to 对……有好处12.put on 上映(戏剧等)13．give a performance 进行演出14.a live concert 现场直播的音乐会15．be popular among/with 受人欢迎佳句1．Many people, especially young college students, like pop songs.许多人，尤其是年青大学生，喜欢流行音乐。

2．I prefer classical music because it makes_me_calm_and_relaxed.我较喜欢古典音乐因为它让我平静、放松。

3．Have you ever dreamed_of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?你梦想过在音乐会上几千人面前演奏音乐吗，每个人都在为你鼓掌且欣赏你的音乐？[精美语篇]Almost everyone is fond of music. I am a music lover. Listening to music is a hobby in my life. Listening to music will make me feel relaxed. Whenever I feel sad，I can just turn on the radio and listen to some music. Music can cheer me up when I am sad.,I enjoy different kinds of music. Light music fills my heart with joyfulness. Country music tells me the feelings of country people.Pop music tells me the young people's concern and I am willing to share their happiness and trouble. Music comes from the heart and flows into the heart.高频单词1．audience (n.) 听众2．genius (n.) 天才3．complex (adj.) 复杂的4．band (n.) 乐队5．composer (n.) 作曲家→compose (vt.) 作曲；创作→composition (n.) 作文；作曲；写作6．conductor (n.) 指挥→conduct (vt.) 指挥，管理(n.) 行为；举动；品行7．musician (n.) 音乐家→music (n.) 音乐→musical (adj.) 音乐的8．director (n.) 指挥→direct (vt.) 指挥(adj.) 直接的；径直的→direction (n.) 方向9．lose (vt.) 失去；丢失→loss (n.) 损失→lost (adj.) 丢失的；迷失的10．talent (n.) 天分；天赋；才华→talented (adj.) 有才能的11．tour (vt.&n.) 巡回演出；观光；旅游→tourist (n.) 观光者；旅游者→tourism (n.) 旅游业12．influence (vt.&n.) 影响→influential (adj.) 有影响的13．record (vt.&n. ) 录音；履历；唱片→recorder (n.) 录音机；记录员14．lecturer (n.) (大学的)讲师→lecture (n.&v.) 演讲；讲课15．mix (vt.) 使混合→mixture (n.) 混合物重点短语1．make_a_note_of记录2．if_so 如果这样的话3．go_deaf 变聋4．split_up 分成(小组)；分享；分担5．be_different_from 和……不同6．have_a_talent/gift_for 有……方面的天赋7．of_all_time 有史以来8．be_known_as 作为……而出名9．change...into... 把……变成……10．be_impressed_with/by... 对……留下深刻印象热点句型1．having done作状语，先于主句的动作Having_worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.(教材P22)在那儿工作了三十年之后，海顿搬去了纽约，在那里他是非常成功的。

Unit 3 ComputersPeriod 1: Listening & SpeakingGOALS:1. To practise listening comprehension.2.To practise making decisions and reasoningTEACHING PROCEDURES:Step1. revision1.check the homework exercises.1). It has been reported that children will be offered free education．It has been reported that free education will be offered to children．2). It has been said that we will be offered the latest computer science course book．It has been planned that the latest computer science course book will be offered to us．3). I have been told by Peter that I will be lent his notebook computer for a week．I have been told by Peter that his notebook computer will be lent to me for a week．2. Question: What can computers be used as?Step2. Lead-inAs we know, science and technology is developing very fast and computers have become smaller and smaller. They have been used in many fields. So, the 21st century is the century of information technology What does it mean? Does information technology/ IT only mean things like computers? Of cause not. Actually, it means more than computers. Computers are just one kind of IT. What else do you know is part of IT?(TV, radio, CD-ROM, DVD, books……)Step3. Listening (SB)1.Pre-listening: What are the changes brought by different forms of IT ?What are the advantages and disadvantages of them ?2. While-listening:Go through the chart and make sure the students look at the chart before they listen to the tape. (This is to sharpen their attention and listen for the answers. This will also help them get the gist of the text.) Then Listen to the tape and finish filling in the chart. (If necessary, play the tape for several times.)Say: After listening to their talk, we know all kinds of IT have both disadvantages and3. Post-listening:1) (pair work): decide which type of IT is best for you to use right now. Make your choice and give your reasons by using the following expressions.I think that….In my opinion, ….I believe that….I agree because….I disagree because….I’ve decided that….2) (group work): Discussion :Computers are useful and have brought us lots of good things, but they also cause bad effects.What attitude should we have towards the computer? (Make good use of it but never get trapped by it.)Step4. Speaking1. Pre-speakingSay: From what we have learn, we should admit that computers and the web have a great influence on the school education as well as people’s life. It has come into people’s everyday life and many families hold computers in their homes. Now there is a task for you.2. While-speaking1) Situation: You have been asked by your parents to help choose computers for your home. You and your friend have looked at several computers. Talk about the special things each computer can do. Make a decision about which kind of computer to buy and explain why.Information input: Show students some pictures of different computers (desktop computer & laptop computer & …)(Pair work )Use the expressions to support your opinion or challenging other’s opinions.2) Oral report: (individual work )Do an oral report to your father and start your report like this: I looked at many different computers. The one I have chosen is the PEP personal computer. One of the main reasons is that it is suitable for homes. I found that…3. Post-speakingConclusion—What useful expression do we use to make a decision and reason?(In this way, they can review and use the words and phrases again.)Step5. HomeworkPage 22. writing: Write a report about your choice and try to use the present perfect passive voice as well as the useful words and expressions that have been mentioned above. in your report.Reading and speaking & WritingGoals:1.Learn a reading passage to learn about a football android called Andy.2.Improve students’ reading ability.3.Design an android.4.Write a passage about the problems that the android might have while he/she is serving people.Teaching procedures:Step1: Lead-inShow the first picture and tell the students that computers could be put into androids or robots. Present “android”.Tell the students: Androids are always with us! The students may disagree. Show pictures of Atom and Doraemon. Say: they are androids with magical power.Continue to show pictures of nursery maid androids and tell the students androids can be made to look after humans. Then ask: But can you imagine androids can play football? Maybe you are curious about it. I will show you a video that androids play football.Let the students watch the video and tell them: oday I would like to introduce an android family member to you .His name is Andy. Present the reading passage’s topic: Andy---the Android.Step2: Reading:Let the students read the passage. Carry out the tasks below:Task1: Answer the questions below:1. Who is Andy? What is he good at?(He is an android. And he is good at playing football)2. What helps him to move and think like a human?(His computer helps him to move and think like a human.)3. What does Andy think about the team who beat them last year? Why?(She thinks the team cheated because they had a new kind of programmer, which had just been developed before the competition.)4. What does the programmer do to Andy?(She programs me with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.)Task2: Fill in the blanksThe story is about the _____ called ____, who is good at____________. And his__________ makes him think and move like a ______. However, they _____ in the _________ hosted in the USA, because the other team had a new kind of_______. After that, he will ask his programmer to improve his _________ and _______ some new moves.Task3: Language points:1. I think we can work together to create even better software.even = much 用于强调比较的程度2. In a way, my programmer is like my coach.in a way 在某种程度上…in the way 挡道,造成障碍in this way 用这种方法Fill in the blank：1). ________it was one of our biggest mistakes.2). You can finish your work .3). Your bike is .Move it away.3. In this way, I can make up new moves.make up 编写，补上4. After all, with the help of my computer brain which never forgets anything, intelligence is what I’m all about.after all 毕竟with the help of sb./sth. 在…的帮助之下= with one’s/ sth’s helpStep3 SpeakingTell the students that we already have many different kinds of androids in our daily life. Show some pictures of androids for different purposes---maid, adventure and work.Then say to the students: Let’s design an android of our own! The following questions and expressions can help you:＊What would you like it to look like?＊What are some of the things you would like it to do?＊Do you want it to be like a man or a woman, or neither?＊How much would it cost?......Get the students to use the following sentences for discussion:I think that… What’s your reason?In my opinion… I have decided that…Sample:A: What would you like your android to look like?B : In my opinion it should look like a bird.A: That sounds interesting. What will it do for you?B: I think it can sing beautiful songs for me day and night.A : Oh, yes! That sounds good. How much is it?B: It doesn’t cost much money because I will make it by myself.A: Really?! Do you want it to be a man or woman, or neither?B : I want it to be a beautiful girl named Kelly.A: Please show it to us some day.B: Oh, No money no talk.Step4 Pre-writingSay: Imagine what problems and delights this android might have to deal with while it is serving you. Try yourself in someone else’s shoes is an important way of understanding how other people feel.Then discuss: You are an android. You work for a family with one child who is very spoiled. The parents want you to do everything for them. The parents are nice, but they often ask you to watch over their child. How do you feel? What would you do if the child asked you to do his/her homework for him/her? Would you ever tell the child “no”?Step5 WritingSay: Write a passage about the result of your discussion! It should contain:What do you have to do?What is the child like?What is the parents’ requirement of the child?What do the parents want you to do?What does the child want you to do?Then what will you do? How do you feel?Sample writing:Hello everybody, my name is Liu Yan．I am a 321 model android．I work for the Li family. Mr and Mrs Li work very hard too．Mr Li is an architect and designs great tall apartment blocks．Mrs Li is a doctor and has to look after many patients．I remember all the plans for Mr Li'sprojects and can tell Mrs Li which drugs are the best to give any particular patient. And I also look after their library. I store all the books that they borrow from their school or friends in my brain．Of course my brain is as large as a mountain, so work like that is no trouble to me．I really eat books just like people eat food．The Lis have a child who is very spoiled. He needs me to remember all his school textbooks so that I can do his homework for him．He just gives me the information on the subject, what has to be done and the page numbers and I get on with it while he enjoys himself with his friends．Sometimes I don't think it is right to do his homework for him — it's somewhat cheating. However, his parents are very concerned at the pressure of work in school these days．The child has too much homework to do. They like him to go to the key school but they also want him to be able to have hobbies, learn to swim and keep fit! Poor child!So they consider me the most important person in the family after themselves．I am always introduced to their friends and play with visiting children．I am the perfect family academic aid and, although I was not cheap to buy, Mr Li says I was worth every yuan!Step6 AssessmentGet the students to assess their writing ability according to the following the questions:1. Is your composition well developed?2. Are your ideas well organized to the point?3. Do you have a good choice of words and idioms in your writing?4. Do you get a good mastery of complex structures of language?5. What kind of mistakes have you made in your writing?Step5: HomeworkWrite about your discussion. You may begin like this:Hello, everyone. My name is ___. I’m 321 model android. I work for the Li family….。