下载文档原格式
博士生英语考试真题试卷English:The doctoral English exam typically assesses a candidate's proficiency in academic writing, reading comprehension, listening skills, and oral communication. It often includes tasks such as writing essays on complex topics, analyzing academic texts, listening to lectures or presentations and answering questions, and engaging in discussions or oral presentations. These tasks aim to evaluate the candidate's ability to comprehend and produce academic English at a level necessary for doctoral-level studies. Moreover, the exam may also gauge the candidate's critical thinking skills, ability to synthesize information, and effectively communicate ideas. Therefore, preparing for the doctoral English exam involves honing a wide range of language skills, from understanding complex texts to expressing sophisticated ideas fluently and coherently.中文翻译:博士生英语考试通常评估考生在学术写作、阅读理解、听力技能和口头交流方面的能力。
博士英语面试试题及答案一、自我介绍1. 请用英语简单介绍一下你自己。
答案：My name is [Your Name], and I come from [Your Hometown]. I have a master's degree in [Your Major] from [Your University]. I am passionate about [Your Interest] and have been actively involved in [Your Relevant Experience].二、专业问题1. 请谈谈你在硕士期间的研究工作。
答案：During my master's program, I focused on [Your Research Topic]. I conducted [Research Method] and found [Key Findings]. This experience has equipped me with [Skills or Knowledge] that I believe will be beneficial for my PhD studies.2. 你选择我们大学读博的原因是什么？答案：I chose your university because of its strong reputation in [Your Field of Study]. Additionally, thefaculty members here have a diverse range of expertise that aligns with my research interests, and I am particularly interested in working with [Specific Professor].三、研究计划1. 请简述你的博士研究计划。
博士生英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AppearanceB. EventC. PhenomenonD. Fact2. Which of the following is the correct usage of "affect"?A. The weather will affect tomorrow.B. The weather will be affected by tomorrow.C. The weather will affect tomorrow's plans.D. The weather will be affected to tomorrow's plans. ...10. In the sentence "He is one of the most talented students in the class," the word "talented" refers to:A. GiftedB. EducatedC. SkilledD. Trained答案：1. C2. C...10. A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ of the new policy has caused a lot of controversy.A. implementationB. introductionC. executionD. application2. Despite his _______, he managed to finish the project on time.A. illnessB. healthC. sicknessD. disease...10. The _______ of the experiment was to determine the effects of different variables.A. purposeB. goalC. aimD. target答案：1. B2. A...10. C三、阅读理解（每篇5分，共20分）阅读以下文章，回答后面的问题。
博士入学英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下面的文章，然后回答1-5题。
The Impact of Technology on EducationThe rapid development of technology has greatly influencedthe field of education. It has brought about a significant change in the way educators teach and students learn. Withthe advent of the internet, online learning platforms have become increasingly popular, allowing students to access educational resources from anywhere and at any time.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of technology in education.B. The influence of technology on education.C. The advantages of online learning.D. The future of education with technology.2. According to the passage, what has technology done to education?A. It has made education more traditional.B. It has limited access to educational resources.C. It has changed the teaching and learning methods.D. It has reduced the popularity of online learning platforms.3. What is the role of the internet in education as mentioned in the passage?A. It has replaced traditional classroom teaching.B. It has made educational resources less accessible.C. It has facilitated access to educational resources.D. It has hindered the development of technology in education.4. What can students do with online learning platforms?A. They can only access resources at specific times.B. They can access educational resources from anywhere.C. They can only learn from traditional textbooks.D. They are restricted to learning within a classroom setting.5. What is the overall tone of the passage?A. Critical.B. Optimistic.C. Neutral.D. Pessimistic.答案：1-5 B C C B B二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
博士学位英语考试真题及答案题目1：Which of the following statements is true about academic writing?A. It often uses informal language.B. It avoids using citations from other sources.C. It emphasizes clarity and precision.D. It does not require careful planning.答案：C题目2：The main purpose of a research paper is to ____.A. entertain the readerB. persuade the readerC. present new ideas or findingsD. describe personal experiences答案：C题目3：In academic writing, a citation is used to ____.A. add humor to the textB. support an argument with evidenceC. increase the word countD. make the text more creative答案：B题目4：When writing an abstract for a research paper, it is important to ____.A. include detailed experimental proceduresB. provide a summary of the main pointsC. discuss the limitations of the studyD. present personal opinions about the topic答案：B题目5：Plagiarism refers to the act of ____.A. copying someone else's work without proper citationB. using complex vocabulary to impress readersC. avoiding using citations in academic writingD. discussing personal opinions in a research paper答案：A题目6：In academic writing, a thesis statement is a sentence that ____.A. entertains the reader with a jokeB. presents the main argument or purpose of the paperC. provides background information about the topicD. discusses the limitations of previous research答案：B题目7：The passive voice is often used in academic writing to ____.A. sound more informalB. emphasize the actions of the subjectC. avoid mentioning who performed an actionD. make the text more creative答案：C题目8：Effective academic writing should be ____.A. vague and ambiguousB. concise and focusedC. full of unnecessary detailsD. written in a conversational style答案：B请注意，这些题目只是示例，并不代表真实的博士学位英语考试题目。
博士考试试题及答案英语PhD Exam Questions and Answers: EnglishIntroduction:For individuals pursuing a doctoral degree, the PhD exam is a critical milestone that tests their knowledge and competency in their chosen field. In this article, we will explore selected PhD exam questions and provide comprehensive answers in English. The questions cover a range of topics and aim to assess the candidate's understanding and analytical skills.Question 1:Discuss the impact of technology on global communication.Answer 1:Technology has revolutionized global communication, breaking down barriers and creating new opportunities. The widespread availability of the internet and social media platforms has enabled instantaneous connection across continents. This has facilitated the exchange of information and ideas, fostering collaboration and innovation on a global scale. Additionally, technology has made communication more accessible and affordable, bridging the gap between individuals and cultures. However, there are challenges, such as language barriers and the digital divide, that need to be addressed to ensure equal access to communication technologies worldwide.Question 2:Explain the concept of sustainable development and its significance in today's world.Sustainable development refers to the practice of meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It emphasizes the integration of economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. In today's world, sustainable development is of utmost importance due to various reasons. The increasing population and consumption patterns have put significant pressure on natural resources and ecosystems. Sustainable development offers a framework to balance economic development with environmental conservation, ensuring the well-being of current and future generations. It is crucial for addressing climate change, poverty, and inequality, creating a more equitable and resilient society.Question 3:Discuss the impact of globalization on cultural diversity.Answer 3:Globalization has both positive and negative impacts on cultural diversity. On one hand, globalization promotes the sharing and exchange of diverse cultures, leading to increased awareness and appreciation of different traditions and practices. It allows individuals to explore and celebrate cultural diversity, fostering tolerance and understanding. On the other hand, globalization can also lead to cultural homogenization, where dominant cultures overshadow and erode unique local traditions. The influx of global media and consumerism has the potential to dilute indigenous cultures. It is essential to strike a balance, preserving cultural heritage while embracing the benefits of global interconnectedness.Examine the role of ethics in scientific research.Answer 4:Ethics plays a fundamental role in scientific research, ensuring the integrity, validity, and societal impact of scientific endeavors. Researchers have a responsibility to conduct their work with honesty, transparency, and respect for participants and subjects. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, protecting confidentiality, and minimizing harm to individuals and the environment. Additionally, ethical research practices involve avoiding plagiarism, fraudulent data manipulation, and conflicts of interest. Upholding ethical standards promotes the credibility and trustworthiness of scientific findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge for the betterment of society.Conclusion:The PhD exam questions presented above provide a glimpse into the diverse topics that candidates may encounter during their doctoral journey. These questions necessitate critical thinking, extensive knowledge, and effective communication skills. By thoroughly understanding and successfully answering such questions, individuals demonstrate their readiness to contribute to their respective fields of study. The pursuit of a PhD is not only an academic endeavor but also a commitment to expanding knowledge and making a positive impact on society.。
博士专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "sustainability" refers to the ability to endure over the long haul.A) TrueB) False2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Social equityD) Unlimited resource consumption3. The phrase "paradigm shift" in academic writing often refers to:A) A change in the weatherB) A fundamental change in approach or underlying assumptionsC) A minor adjustment in perspectiveD) A change in political leadership4. The concept of "ecosystem services" is associated with which field of study?A) EconomicsB) EcologyC) SociologyD) Political science5. In the context of climate change, "mitigation" refers to:A) Adapting to the effects of climate changeB) Reducing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Planting more treesD) Moving populations to less affected areas6. The term "peer review" in academic publishing is a process where:A) Authors review each other's workB) Journal editors review all submissionsC) Experts in the field evaluate and critique manuscriptsD) The public reviews and comments on published articles7. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A) Solar powerB) Wind powerC) Nuclear powerD) Hydroelectric power8. The "Kyoto Protocol" is an international treaty linked to:A) Biodiversity conservationB) Climate changeC) International tradeD) Space exploration9. "Circular economy" is a model of production and consumption that:A) Encourages the use of non-renewable resourcesB) Minimizes waste and promotes recyclingC) Focuses on mass production and consumptionD) Ignores the environmental impact of production10. The "Precautionary Principle" in environmental policy suggests that:A) Action should be taken only after full scientific certainty is achievedB) Scientific uncertainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent harmC) Environmental policies should be based solely on economic considerationsD) Environmental harm should be accepted as a cost of economic growth二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The process of converting light energy into chemical energy in plants is known as __________.12. The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by the accumulation of __________ gases in the atmosphere.13. In a __________ economy, the goal is to minimize waste and make the most of resources.14. The term "biodiversity" refers to the variety of life in all its forms and levels of __________.15. The __________ Principle states that it is better to be safe than sorry when it comes to potential harm to the environment.16. The __________ is a global environmental facility that provides grants for projects that benefit the global environment.17. The __________ is a set of international rules for the trade and use of hazardous chemicals and pesticides.18. "Eco-friendly" products are designed to have the leastpossible __________ on the environment.19. The __________ is a measure of the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities.20. The __________ is a branch of environmental science concerned with the study of the total environment of a given area, both physical and biological.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Define the term "sustainable development" and explain its three main pillars.22. What are the key components of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?23. Describe the role of "stakeholders" in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR).24. Explain the concept of "ecological footprint" and why it is important for environmental conservation.四、论述题（每题25分，共50分）25. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy.26. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of international environmental agreements in addressing global environmental issues.五、翻译题（共30分）27. Translate the following paragraph from English to Chinese (15 points):"Environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are three of the most pressing challenges facing humanity today. The need for sustainable solutionsthat balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection is more urgent than ever."28. Translate the following paragraph from Chinese to English (15 points):"可持续发展是指在不损害后代满足其需求的能力的前提下，满足当代人的需求。
2022全国医学同等学力考博英语试题答案Paper One (100ninutes)Rempartforal conmumeseion (no ninmt.3,t0 points)Section ADirectiong: In this section there aretwo inconplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken fron the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks vith one of the choices to conplete the dialogue and nark your ansver on the Ansver Sheet.Dialogue OneA. Do you know what a handicapped space ie?B. The gigns always tell you how long you can park there and on what days.C. Then you also need to be avare of the tine linits on the street signs.Student: Can you tell me where I can park?Clerk:kre you driving a notorcycle or an autonobile?Student: I drive an automobile.Clerk: Fine. You can either park in the student lot or on the street. 1 Student: Yes, I have seen those spots.Clerk: Vell, when you see the blue spots with the handicapped gign, do not park there unless you have a special pernit. Are you going to be parking in the daytine or evening?Student: I park in the evenings.Clerk:2 Have you zeen those signs?Student: Yes, I have seen those signs.Clerk:3.参考答案：ACBDialogue TwoA. The hours and linitations are printed on the card and this handout.B. May I have your driver' a licenae, please?C. Are you faniliar with our rules and fines?Student: Excuse ne. I an interested in getting a library card.Librarian: Sure, let me give you an application. You can fill it out right here at the counter.Student: Thank you. I'11 do it right now.Librarian: Let me take a look at this for you. 4Student: Here it i.Librarian: You seen to have filled the form out all right.___5Student: Yes. I know what to do.Librarian: _6Student:OK. I see.Removed_2015同等学力考试英语真题及答?.pngLibrarian: Tharwyou Lu JoIrttg re rouK Luivaru to gervingyou.参考答案BCASection BDirections: In this section there is one inconplete which has four blank and four choicez A, B, C and D, taken fron the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and nark your ansveron the Answer Sheet.A. And fooled the boys for a while.B. And I don’t think the boys have ninded.C. Hell, it's because ny British publisher.D. A11 this tine I thought you ere ‘J.K'.Winfrey: So, this is the first time ve've net.Rowling: Yea,it is.Winfrey: And ny producers tell me that your real name is J.0. 7Rovling:(laughing) Yeah.Winfrey: J.K is…Rowling:______8_ . hen the first book cane out, they thought ‘this is a book that will appeal to boys ’, but they didn't want the boys to know a vonan had vritten it. So they said to me fcould ve use your initialsand I said ‘fine’. I only have one initial. I don' t have a niddle nane. So I took ny favorite grandnother's nane, Kathleen.Winfrey: 9.Rowling: Yeah, but not for too long, because I started getting my picture in the press and no one could pretend I vas a man anynore.Winfrey: 10。
博士英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. CopyD. Duplicate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out in the rain.B. They has been working on the project for months.C. Neither of the students were prepared for the exam.D. The number of attendees is greater than expected.答案：D3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a) The book is _______ the shelf.b) She is _______ the committee since 2019.c) He is _______ the same opinion as his colleague.答案：a) onb) inc) of二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1[Text omitted for brevity]4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The role of communication in relationships.D. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.答案：B5. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of using technology?A. Improved efficiency.B. Enhanced communication.C. Increased isolation.D. Greater accessibility.答案：C6. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Limiting the use of technology.B. Encouraging more face-to-face interactions.C. Relying solely on traditional methods.D. Ignoring the issue altogether.答案：B三、完形填空（共20分）[Text omitted for brevity]7. In the context of the passage, what does the word "alleviate" most likely mean?A. To worsen.B. To reduce.C. To ignore.D. To exaggerate.答案：B8. Why does the author believe that the issue discussed is important?A. It affects a large number of people.B. It is a new and emerging problem.C. It has been overlooked by many.D. It is a personal concern of the author.答案：A9. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Negative Effects of Stress.B. Coping Strategies for Stress.C. The Causes of Stress in Modern Life.D. The Importance of Stress Management.答案：B四、翻译（共20分）10. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."答案：技术快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。
博士生英语考试真题试卷一、词汇与语法（共10题）1. The new discovery ______ a significant impact on the field of medicine.A. makes.B. has.C. gives.D. takes.答案：B。
解析：“have an impact on...”是固定搭配，表示“对……有影响”，这里主语是“the new discovery”，为第三人称单数，所以用“has”。
2. She was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice the time passing.A. absorbed.B. attracted.C. drawn.D. concentrated.答案：A。
解析：“be absorbed in...”是固定短语，意为“专心于……”；“be attracted to...”表示“被……吸引”；“concentrate on”（集中精力于），这里需要用“absorbed”。
3. It is essential that every student ______ a good command of English.A. has.B. had.C. have.D. will have.答案：C。
解析：在“It is essential that...”句型中，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，“should”可以省略，所以这里用“have”。
4. The committee ______ of fifteen members.A. consists.B. composes.C. makes up.D. is made up.答案：A。
解析：“consist of”表示“由……组成”，主动形式；“be made up of”也表示“由……组成”，但为被动形式；“compose”的用法是“be composed of”，这里主语是“the committee”，所以用“consists”。
2010年在职博士研究生英语考试样题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes thesentence.1. If Tom had taken his medicine yesterday, he ____ well now.A. would have beenB. would beC. wasD. has been2. This novel is reported _____ into English last year.A. and translatedB. to be translatedC. to have been translatedD. translates3. The car differs from the other one _____ it is more powerful.A. thoughB. in caseC. in thatD. in short4. Mary knew he wasn’t an Englishman _____ he began to speak English.A. the momentB. becauseC. ifD. although5. There ____ a supermarket so near our house is a great advantage.A. isB. beC. beingD. has6. I don’t think Tom has finished his homework, _____?A. do youB. has heC. hasn’t heD. do I7. Mike is _______ than his brother.A. much of a sportsmanB. more a sportsmanC. more of a sportsmanD. as a sportsman8. Only under special circumstances _____ to take make-up tests.A. freshmen are permittedB. are freshmen permittedC. are permitted freshmenD. permitted are freshmen9. What she said just now had little to do with the question ____ discussion.A. onB. inC. underD. at10. ______, he can fly a plane.A. A child as he isB. Child that he isC. Because he is a childD. Child he is11. A lot of people _________ you, so don’t let them down.A. look down uponB. look overC. look up toD. look on12. The ability to use a language can be _________ only by the act of using the language.A. approachedB. acquiredC. overcomeD. conquered13. My stomach really hurts—I must have eaten something that _________ with me.A. agreeableB. agreedC. disagreeableD. disagreed14. Learning can only _________ when there is motivation.A. take placeB. be in place ofC. be in the first placeD. take the place of15. Due to the deformity of his legs he has been _________ to a wheelchair since childhood.A. refinedB. confinedC. refrainedD. restrained16. We must consider our real options, not _________ ones.A. imaginableB. imaginaryC. imaginativeD. imagination17. If you are _______ of cash, Alcor will _____ your body, and just freeze your head.A. short …… disposeB. short …… dispose ofC. lack ...... disposeD. keen …… dispose in18. I don’t think you can imagine _________ it’s like to be watched that closely every minute ofevery day.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. when19. If you spend any time in prison you are ________ as a criminal for the rest of your life.A. committedB. assuredC. labeledD. endured20. The actor’s ________ was so faint that he couldn’t be heard at the back of the theater.A. figureB. honorC. tongueD. delivery21 A truly funny person has a joke for every occasion, and when one is told, that _______ anentire string of jokes from that person’s memory bank.A. entitlesB. triggersC. approvesD. comments22. People believed that science would lead them to a new era of endless prosperity and happiness.But it didn’t _______ that way.A. conform toB. catch onC. work outD. find out23. It suddenly _______ on me that I’d caught the wrong train.A. occurredB. dawnedC. happenedD. recalled24.. Fancy stationery isn’t necessary when writing notes; it’s the thought that _______.A. countsB. practicesC. boostsD. shatters25. We must _____ a new car for the old one because it often breaks down.A. affordB. replaceC. substituteD. inspire26. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It ________ toall ages and all cultures.A. attractedB. appealedC. adjustedD. accustomed27. We forget that human beings need positive reinforcement—in fact, we _______ it.A. shrink fromB. follow upC. figure outD. thrive on28. Mary was asked to ______ her first outline to make it clearer and more exact.A. regainB. refineC. recoverD. remind29. The road to happiness is paved with __________.A. adversityB. converseC. reverseD. anniversary30. A lot of the summer jobs available here are only _______ if you are young and don’t mindworking hard.A. tolerantB. tolerableC. toleratedD. tolerancePart II Reading Comprehension (40% )Directions:Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each of the questions following the passage.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hardto accomplish the important reforms in education. While he was still a boy, his father died, and he had to support his family. Like most of the children in his town, he attended school two or three months a year. Later, with the help of several teachers, he was able to study law and become a member of the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot those early struggles.While serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he signed an historic education bill that set up a state board of education. Without regret, he gave up his successful legal practice to become the first secretary of the board. There he exercised an enormous influence during the critical period of reconstruction that brought into existence the American graded elementary school as a substitute for the older district school system. Under his leadership, the curriculum was restructured, the school year was increased to a minimum of six months, and mandatory (义务性质的) schooling was extended to age sixteen. Other important reforms that came into existence under Mann’s guidance included the establishment of state normal schools for teacher training.Considered quite radical at the time, the Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation’s educational system. Mann was formally recognized as the father of public education.During his lifetime, Horace Mann worked tirelessly to extend educational opportunities to agrarian(农业的) families and the children of poor laborers. In one of his last speeches he summed up his philosophy of education and life: “Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.”31. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A.The Father of American Public EducationB.Philosophy of EducationC.Policies of Educational InstitutionsD.Horace Mann and the Massachusetts State Board of Education32. Why does the author mention Horace Mann’s early life?A.As an example to show the importance of education.B.To make the biography more complete.C.Because it served as the inspiration for his later work in education.D.In appreciation of the teachers who helped him succeed.33. The word “radical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _________.A. equalB. extremeC. excellentD. basic34. With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?A.Horace Mann’s influence on American education was very great.B.Horace Mann exerted a small but important influence on American education.C.Few educators full y understood Horace Mann’s influence on American education.D.The influence on American education by Horace Mann was not appreciated.35. The reforms that Horace Mann achieved _____________.A.were not very radical for the timeB.were used only by the state of MassachusettsC.were enforced by the Massachusetts barD.were later adopted as a model for the nation’s educational systemQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Why were the Wright brothers able to succeed in an effort at which so many others had failed? Many explanations have been mentioned, but three reasons are most often cited. First, they were a team. Both men worked congenially(志趣相投地)and cooperatively, talked incessantly about the possibility of manned flight, and served as a consistent source of inspiration and encouragement to each other.Both were glider pilots. Unlike some other engineers who experimented with the theories of flight, they experienced the practical aspects of aerodynamics（空气动力学）by building and flying in kites and gliders. They had realized from their experiments that the most serious challenge in manned flight would be stabilizing and maneuvering the aircraft once it was airborne. While others concentrated their efforts on the problem of achieving lift for take-off, they were focusing on developing a three-axis control for guiding their aircraft.In addition, the Wright brothers had designed more effective wings for the airplane than had been previously engineered. Using a wind tunnel, they tested more than two hundred different wing designs, recording the effects of slight variations in shape on the pressure of air on the wings. The data from these experiments allowed the Wright brothers to construct a superior wing for their aircraft.In spite of these advantages, however, the Wright brothers might not have succeeded had they not been born at precisely the opportune moment in history. Attempts to achieve manned flight in the early nineteenth century were doomed because the steam engines that powered the aircrafts were so heavy in proportion to the power that they produced. But by the end of the nineteenth century, when the brothers were experimenting with engineering options, a relatively light internal combustion engine had already been invented, and they were able to bring the ratio of weight to power within acceptable limits for flight.36. What is this passage mainly talking about?A.The reason why the Wright brothers succeeded in manned flight.B.The advantage of the internal combustion engine in the Wright brothers’ e xperiments.C.The Wright brothers’ experience as pilots.D.The importance of gliders to the development of airplanes.37. The word “incessantly” in Paragraph 1 could best be replaced by _________?A. confidentlyB. constantlyC. intelligentlyD. optimistically38. Why does the author suggest that the experiments with the wind tunnel were important?A.Because they allowed the Wright brothers to decrease the weight of their airplane.B.Because they resulted in a three-axis control for their airplane.C.Because they were important in the refinement of the wings for their airplane.D.Because they used the data to improve the engine for their airplane.39. In Paragraph 4, the author suggests that the steam engines used in the earlier aircrafts hadfailed because _______.A.They were too small to power a large planeB.They were too light to generate enough powerC.They did not have internal combustion powerD.They did not have enough power to lift their own weight40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason why the Wright brothers succeeded?A.They worked very well togetherB.They both had practical experience building aircraftC.They made extensive tests before they completed the designD.They were well fundedQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:There are some steps you can take yourself to avoid catching a cold. Contrary to popular belief, colds are not caused by exposure to severe weather. Colds are caused by viruses harbored in the body, and you’re better off out on the ski slopes or even waiting for the bus on a snowy day than you are in a toast warm room, surrounded by friends, co-workers, or fellow students, who just may be passing the virus around. If you feel a chill when you’re coming down with a cold, you’re already sick. A chill is an early symptom: it’s the cold that caused the chill, not the other way around.While the virus can spread through droplets propelled into the air when a cold-sufferer coughs or sneezes, surprisingly, this is not the most common route of transmission.Numerous studies have now shown that the overwhelming majority of colds are “caught” by hand contact. A cold-sufferer rubs her nose, thereby transferring the virus to her hand. Then a friend comes to visit. “Don’t kiss me,”she cautions, so the friend steps back and presses her hand. The friend then wipes her own nose or eye – and several days later is stricken with a cold. Or parents pick up their child’s discarded tissues and carefully throw them away but fail to wash their hands afterward.Cold virus also can be transferred to objects –telephones, towels, plates –and remain infectious for up to three hours. Frequent hand washing – on the part of the cold-sufferer as well as other members of the household – will minimize the spread of viruses in this way.41. According to the first paragraph, you’re most likely to catch a cold if ________.A. you expose yourself to severe weatherB. you play outdoors long when it is snowingC. you stay in a very warm room with a lot of peopleD. you wait for a bus on a cold and windy day42.. If you feel a chill, it means ________.A. you’ll catch a cold sooner or later.B. you’ve already come down with a cold.C. there are viruses hidden in your bodyD. the room is not warm enough for your health43. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. It is generally believed that colds are caused by exposure to cold weatherB. Most colds are “caught” by hand contactC. Cold virus will keep alive for several hours once it leaves human bodyD. Cold virus can spread around only through the air44. According to the author, the best way of avoiding catching a cold is ________.A. washing your hands frequentlyB. never rubbing your nose or eyesC. throwing away tissues immediately after useD. shaking hands with your friends instead of kissing them45. The best title for this passage might be ________.A. Colds and VirusesB. Colds and TemperatureC. Ways of Avoiding ColdsD. The Spread of VirusesQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:When it comes to l eisure activities, Americans aren’t quite the funseekers they’ve been supposed to be. For one out of five, weekends and vacations are consumed by such drudgeries as housecleaning, yardworking, and cooking; only one-third of them enjoy the luxury of relaxing in the sun, going camping, playing sports, or simply relaxing.These are among the conclusions reached by a recent study in which more than 1,120 employed Americans were asked how they occupy themselves on days they are not at work. According to the poll, older people, the rich, and the well-educated are most apt to spend their spare time doing the things they “want to do” rather than those they “have to”.Overall, high-salaried respondents were more active than those with lower incomes –they reported watching less television and were more likely to engage in social and cultural activities. Furthermore, those with college degrees were about twice as likely as those with no more than a high school education to spend time playing sports (42 percent compared to 23 percent).On the subject of vacations, the study found that college graduates were more likely than those with only high school degrees to have vacation plans (80 percent versus 60 percent). Of those who did intend to take some time off, 46 percent planned a sightseeing vacation (34 percent in the United States, 12 percent abroad), 34 percent expected to visit friends or relatives, 22 percent headed for the beach or lake, and 12 percent intended to relax at home.People who are divorced, widowed, or separated, the survey concluded, are the least likely of any group to take a vacation – and the least likely to attach any importance to it.46. The passage is mainly about ________.A. different ways of spending one’s leisure timeB. active entertainment and passive entertainmentC. factors that affect people’s attitudes towards vacationD. how Americans spend their holidays47. According to a recent study, how many Americans spend the weekends doing housework?A. One fifth of them.B. Four fifths of them.C. One third of them.D. Two thirds of them.48. According to the passage, the most popular type of vacation in the United States is ________.A. relaxing in the sunB. visiting friends or relativesC. playing sportsD. visiting interesting places49. Who are the least likely to take a vacation?A. Businesswomen.B. Factory workers.C. Separated couples.D. Elderly people.50. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that influences the way people spendtheir holidays?A. Family income.B. Social position.C. Age.D. Educational background.Part III. Short Answer Questions (10%)Directions: In this section there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully, and answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Young people often wonder at the large number of employers who do not respond to their applications for jobs. They say that despite enclosing return envelopes they hear nothing at all or, at the best, an impersonal note is sent declaring that the post for which they applied has been filled. Applicants often developed the suspicion that vacancies are earmarked（内定）for friends and relatives and that advertisements are only put out to avert this accusation. Many of them tire of writing around and feel that if only they could obtain an interview with the right person their application would meet with success.Not to acknowledge applicants’ letters is impolite and there seems lit tle excuse for this. Yet even sending brief replies to the many who apply takes much time and money. That so-called return envelope may not have been stamped by the sender, and a hard-pressed office manager may be reluctant to send off long letters of explanation to disappointed job hunters. A brief note is all that can be managed and even that depends on the policy of the firm. But this difficulty is reasonably easy to remove with a little goodwill.(答案请写在ANSWER SHEET )51. What is the passage mainly about?52. Many job hunters think that they can get a job if ………………………………53. The author thinks that a letter to decline an applic ant should be ………………54. What is the chief reason for a manager not to acknowledge applicants’ letters?55. What is the major complaint of job hunters?Part IV Translation (15%)Directions:In this part there are five sentences. Translate them into Chinese.(译文写在答案纸上)56. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work becomes worse as theymove up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually premature.57. Many underdeveloped nations find themselves in this position because they lack naturalresources or the industrial capacity to use these resources, and thus have to import rawmaterials or manufactured goods.58. It is interesting to note that the bright flash of light produced by a stroke actually occurs as thedischarge returns to the sky and not as it descends towards the ground.59. Applicants often developed the suspicion that vacancies are earmarked for friends and relativesand that advertisements are only put out to avert this accusation.60. That so-called return envelope may not have been stamped by the sender, and a hard-pressedoffice manager may be reluctant to send off long letters of explanation to disappointed job hunters.Part V Guided Writing (20 %)Directions:You are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Traffic Congestion in Big Cities. You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.1、交通堵塞是大城市常见的现象。
