专 业 英 语

电机electric engine; electric machine; electric (al) motor电机参数parameter of electric machine电机槽宽tooth ratio电机槽内导体electric machine slot-conductor电机常数constant of the machine电机厂motormaker电机车haulage motor电机车架空线保护trolley wire guard电机车运输electric(al) haulage电机传动车昆m otorised roll电机传动轴motor transmission shaft电机磁场motor-field电机的电气线端electric terminals of a machine电机的规格rating of machine电机的输入功率power input to a machine电机的铁间空隙entrefer电机底座motor base电机电屈y motor brush电机调整器regulator generator电机定子铁芯自动焊接机dynamo stator core automatic welder 电机端部磁场end-region magnetic field of electrical machine电机短路测试仪electric motor short circuit test instrument电机放大器amplidyne generator; motor amplifier; rotating amplifier 电机放大器控制部件amplidyne control unit电机放大器伺服系统amplidyne servomechanism电机放大伺服机构amplidyne servomechanism电机钢dynamo steel电机车冈板dynamo steel sheet电机工程electric engineering电机工程师electrical engineer电机功率power of motor电机规格rating of machine电机硅车冈片dynamo sheet电机黄铜合金motor brass alloy电机减速机motor reducer; motor reducing gear电机壳motor casing; motor enclosure电机控制electric machine control电机控制器machine controller电机偏心率motor eccentricity电机起动器motor starter电机青铜dynamo bronze电机驱动motor drive电机驱动的motor-driven电机驱动开关motor driven switch电机驱动种子清选机motor-driven seed cleaner电机绕组machine winding电机设计electric machine design电机室motor room电机输送motor transport电机数量number of motors电机损耗loss of machine电机碳刷carbon brush for electric machine; motor carbon 电机效率electric efficiency; electrical efficiency电机械力口工e lectromechanical working电机械模拟electromechanical analogy电机学electromechanics电机用薄车冈片dynamo sheet steel电机用硅钢片dynamo steel sheet电机用油motor oil电机油dynamo oil; electric engine oil电机运行特性electric machine operating characteristic 电机制造业electric manufacturing电机车由motor shaft电机车由承motor bearings电机转子试验装置motor rotor tester电机转子压铸机die-casting machine for motor rotor电机自动继电器motor automatic relay电机座motor cabinet电机座位motor cavity3-phase slip-ring induction motor 三相滑环式感应电动机3-phase squirrel cage induction motor 三相鼠笼式感应电动机battery-operated motor cycle (玩具)电动摩托车bearing of motor 电动机车由承bin drive motor分页格驱动电机biphase motor两相电动机bisynchronous motor双倍同步速度电动机blower motor 鼓风电动机；鼓风机用马达boost motor助推器；加速器Boucherot (squirrel-cage) motor 双鼠笼式电动机box-frame motor箱形机座电动机；框形电动机brake motor 制动电动机brush and slotless motor 无电屈槽电动机brush motor换向器电动机；整流式电动机brush-shifting motor 移刷型电动机built-in motor drive 单独电机传动；单独内装电机传动built-in motor机内电动机cage motor 鼠笼式电动机cam-type axial piston motor 斜盘式轴向柱塞电动机canned motor pump 密封电动泵；密封式电动泵；屏蔽泵canned motor 封闭电动机；密封式发动机capacitive motor 电容电动机capacitor induction motor 电容电动机capacitor motor 电容起动电动机；电容器起动电动机；电容式单相电动机；电容式电动机capacitor split-phase motor 电容分相式电动机capacitor start and run motor 电容起动行驶式电动机capacitor start motor 电容起动电动机capacitor start-run motor 固定分相电容器式电动机capacitor-start motor 电容器起动电动机；电容式启动电动机capacitor-start-and-run motor 电容式启动和运转的电动机capstan motor 主导电动机；主动轮电动机cascade motor 级联电动机cascade motors 级联电动机组ceiling-fan motor 吊扇电机cell motor 电池电动机centre drvie motor mower 中央驱动动力割草机ceramic permanent-magnet motor 陶瓷永磁电动机;铁澄氧永磁电动机chain-drive motorcycle 链动机器脚踏车chain-type side-rake for motormower 动力割草机的链指式侧向搂草器change speed motor 分级调速式电动机change-speed motor 变速电动机charge motor 充电马达；充电用电动机chopper motor斩波器供电电动机；断路电动机Class I Motor Carrier 一级汽车运输公司clock motor 计时电动机；电钟用电动机close-ratio two-speed motor 近比率双速电动机closing motor 密闭电动机clutch motor 带离合器电动机coastal motor boat 海岸汽船coller for motor 电动机冷却器combustion motor 内燃机commercial motor 商用电动机common pumpl motor base泵与电动机的共用底座commutating pole motor 换向极电动机commutator induction motor 换向器感应电动机commutator motor换向器式电动机；整流式电动机；整流子式电动机commutator variable speed motor 换向器变速电动机compass torque motor 罗盘矫正电动机compensated commutator motor 补偿整流电动机compensated induction motor 补偿感应电动机；补偿式感应电动机compensated motor 补偿电动机compensated repulsion motor补偿感应推斥电动机；补偿式推斥电动机；补偿推斥电动机；补偿推斥式电动机compensated series motor 补偿串激式电动机；补偿串励电动机complete motor type 配带电机型号compound motor 复励电动机compound-wound motor 复激电动机；复励电动机compressed air motor 气动电动机concatenated motor 级联电动机；链系电动机；串级电动机concatenation motor 链系电动机；串级电动机condenser motor 电容式电动机condenser run motor 电容起动电动机condenser shunt type induction motor 电容分相式感应电动机condenser start motor 电容起动电动机condenser-start induction motor 电容起动感应电动机connector motor magnet 回转电磁铁consequent-poles motor变极式双速电动机；交替磁极式电动机constant current motor 定流电动机constant displacement motor 定量马达constant field commutator motor 定激励整流式电动机constant power motor恒定功率电动机constant pressure motor 等压内燃机constant speed motor 等速电动机；恒速电动机；定速电动机constant torque asynchronous motor 恒力矩异步电动机constant voltage motor generator 恒压电动机发电机constant voltage motor 恒压电动机；定电压电动机constant-current motor 恒流电动机constant-speed motor 等速马达constant-voltage motor 恒定电压电动机continuously rated motor 连续额定运行电动机continuous-time-rated motor 连续运行电动机converter-fed motor 换流器供电电动机coolant pump motor 冷去液泵电动机cooled motor冷却式发动机crane motor 吊车电动机crawler-type motor grader履带式自动平地机crescent gear motor 内啮合齿轮马达cross feed motor 交叉馈电式电动机cumulative compound motor 积复激电动机cup motor 杯形电机current-displacement motor 深槽电动机；深槽感应电动机cutter motor 截煤机电动机cycloid gear hydraulic motor 摆线齿轮油液压马达cycloidal gear reducing motor 摆线齿轮减速电动机cycloidal needle wheel type motor 摆线针轮电动机DC electronic motor离子式直流电动机DC series motor串激直流电动机dead motor 关闭的电动机decompounded motor 差复励电动机decussation motoria 运动交叉deep-bar motor深槽鼠笼式电动机deep-slot induction motor 深槽感应电动机deep-slot motor 深槽感应电动机deep-slot squirrel cage motor 深槽鼠笼式电动机definite-purpose motor 专用电动机deluge proof motor 防水电动机Denison motor丹尼森液压电动机；轴向回转柱塞式液压电动机Deri motor德里电动机Deri repulsion motor 德里推斥电动机despun motor反旋转电动机；反自转电动机diaphragm motor膜片阀控制电动机；光阑驱动电动机die-casting machine for motor rotor 电机转子压铸机diesel motor roller柴油碾压机；柴油压路机diesel motor狄塞尔发动机differential compound motor差复激电动机；差复励电动机；差复励电视机；差复绕电动机；差绕复激电动机differential motor 差绕电动机differential selsyn motor 差动自动同步电机differential shunt motor 差并励电动机differential wound motor 差励电动机differential-field motor他激差绕直流电动机differential-field series motor 串激差绕直流电动机differentially-compound wound motor 差复激电动机differentially-wound motor 差绕电动机direct motor drive 电动机直接传动direct motor driven 单电动机传动的direct-connected motor 直连电动机direct-coupling motor converter 连车由电动换流机direct-current motor control 电动机电子控制direct-motor-driven 单电动机传动disabled motor switch 电动机故障断路器dither motor高频振动电动机；高频振动电机；高频振动用电动机double armature motor 双电丰区电动机double commutator motor双整流子电动机；双换向器电动机double motor双电动机double squirrelcage motor 双鼠笼电动机double-casing motor 双层机壳式电机double-fed repulsion motor 双馈推斥电动机double-reduction motor两级减速电动机double-unit motor双电动机机组drag-cup induction motor 空心转子感应电动机drag-cup motor 拖杯式电动机；托杯形电动机drag-cup type rotor motor 空心转子电动机drill-motor rotor vane 钻孑L 转子叶片drip-proof motor 防滴式电动机drip-proof type induction motor 防滴式感应电动机drive motor 传动马达driver motor 主驱动电动机driving shaft motor 传动车由电机drop-proof type motor 防滴水式电动机drum motor 鼓形电动机dual-capacitor motor 双电容器式电动机dual-frequency motor 双频率电动机dual-thrust motor 双推力发动机duocentric motor 同心双转子电动机duplex power feed type A.C. commutator motor 并联馈电整流式交流电动机dust-tight type motor 防尘式电动机dynamoelectric motor 旋转换流机eddy currents in attraction type motor 吸弓I 型电动机中的涡流eddy-current motor 涡流电动机either-rotation motor 双向电机electric (al) motor 电机electric hoist with creep lifting motor 变速电葫芦electric motor car电动车；电动机车electric motor coach电动客车electric motor drive 电动机传动electric motor driven butter churn 电动乳脂制作器electric motor for rolling way 车昆道电动机electric motor generator电动发电机electric motor movie camera 电动式活动摄影机electric motor oil电动机油electric motor saw电锯；电力锯electric motor short circuit test instrument 电机短路测试仪electric motor signal mechanism 电动臂板信号机构electric motor truck 电气载重车electric motor 电动机electric motor-drawn channel scraper 电动粪槽舌U铲electric motordriven point mechanism 电动转辙机构electric motor-operated fixed crane 固定式电动起重机electric pulse motor 电脉冲电动机electric starter motor 电力起动机electric vehicle motor 牵引电动机electric wiper motor 舌U 水器电动机electrical motor 电动机electrically operated motor car 电动车electro-hydraulic servo motor 电动液压伺服电动机electrohydraulic stepping motor 电液步进马达electromagnetic speed-adjustable motor 电磁调速电动机electromagnetic variable-speed motor 电磁调速电动机electro-motor 电动马达electronic motor control 电动机电子控制electronic motor controller 电子电动机控制器electropneumatic point motor 电动气动转辙机electropneumatic signal motor 电动气动信号机electrostatic motor 静电电动机；静电电动机elevating motor 升降电动机elevation drive motor仰角传动电动机；仰角驱动电动机enclosed motor密封式电动机；封闭电动机；封闭式电动机；封闭型电动机enclosed type induction motor 圭寸闭式感应电动机enclosed type motor 圭寸闭式电动机enclosed ventilated motor 封闭通风式电动机engine cranking motor 发动机起动马达Enor motor埃诺罗式叶片液压马达E-P signal motor电动气动信号机epicycle motor 行星减速电动机erection torque motor竖起力矩电动机；架设转矩电动机exciter motor-generator 励磁电动发电机expiratory motor neuron 呼气运动彳申经元explosion motor 爆燃式发动机explosion-proof motor 防爆马达；防爆型电机explosion-proof type induction motor 防爆式感应电动机explosion-proof ventilated synchronous motor 防爆通风型同步电动机explosive motor 内燃发动机external concrete vibrators with motor 带电动机的混凝土振动器externally reversible motor 双向启动可逆电动机external-rotor motor 夕卜转子式电动机face-type motor 凸缘型电动机fan motor 风扇电动机；风扇马达fan-cooled motor 全封密风冷式电动机farm motor 农用电动机feed motor 进给电动机Ferr3「i S motor费拉里电动机field-control motor磁场可控式电动机；可调磁场型电动机fixed brush type polyphase series motor 固定电刷式多相串激电动机fixed displacement motor 定量马达fixed-displacement motor 定容量马达flame-proof 3-phase induction motor 防爆型三相感应电动机flame-proof electric motor 防爆电动机flame-proof motor 防爆式电动机flange motor 凸缘底座电动机；凸缘型电动机flanged motor 凸缘电动机flange-mounted motor 凸缘型电动机flange-type motor 凸缘型电动机；法兰式电动机flea-size motor 超小型电动机fluid motor液力发动机；液压马达fluid power motor 液压发动机fluid pressure motor 液压电动机fluid servo-motor 液压伺服马达fluidic stepping motor 射流式步进电动机fluid-power motor 液力电动机；液力马达follower motor 随动电动机foot engine with electric motor 牙科脚踏电动二用钻机foot-mounted motor底座安装型电动机；落地安装型电动机force motor 执行电动机forced-ventilated motor 强制通风式电动机form-wound motorettefoundation bolt for motor 电动机地脚螺栓four-phase stepper motor 四相步进电动机four-pole motor 四极电动机four-stroke motor 四冲程发动机four-wheel motor vehicle 四轮机动车辆fractional electric motor 小功率电动机；分马力电动机fractional horse power motor 分数马力电动机fractional horsepower motor 分马力电动机fractional horse-power motor 分数功率电动机fractional HP light metal induction motors 铝合金壳分马力感应电动机fractional-horsepower asynchronous motor 分马力异步电动机fractional-horsepower motor 低功率电动机fractional-horse-power motor 小马力电动机frame suspended motor 底架悬挂电动机；底座悬挂型电动机frost-proof motor 耐寒式电动机full voltage starting motor 全电压起动电动机fully-flameproof motor 全防爆型电动机gas for motor fuel气态发动机燃料；动力煤气gas motor煤气发动机；煤气机gasoline motor car 汽油车gasoline motor 汽油发动机gas-pressurized rocket motor 气压式液体火箭发动机gate motor 栏木电动机gear head motor 齿轮减速电动机gear motor for screw conveyer 螺旋输送器减速电动机gear motor 齿轮电动机；齿轮马达gear(ed) motor 减速电动机geared motor齿轮传动电动机；齿轮传动马达；齿轮电动机；带变速齿轮箱的电动机；带减速齿轮的电动机geared-down motor 齿轮减速发动机gear-type hydraulic motor 齿轮式液压马达gear-type motor 齿轮液压电动机gear-within-gear motor 内啮合齿轮马达general-purpose motor 通用电动机generator-motor set 发电机电动机组gimbal servo motor 万向伺服电动机gimbaled motor 悬挂式电动机gimbaling rocket motor 万向架支座火箭发动机glass reinforced plastic motor lifeboat 玻璃车冈机动救生艇governor motor调节马达；调速电动机；调速器电动机；调速器用电动机；调整机用电动机graduation of the motor currents 电动机电流级力口法gramophone motor 唱机电动机grinding head motor for woodworking 木工专用磨头电动机grinding head motor 磨头电动机grinding wheel drive motor 砂轮电机gunmetals motor carriage 机械化炮车gyro motor 陀螺马达hand motor 手电动机harmonic motor 谐波电动机haulage motor 电机车head motor 头部发动机heat-pipe motor 热管冷去口电动机heat-resistant motor 耐热电动机；高温电动机heavy motor truck 重型载货汽车Hele-Shaw motor径向活塞式液压电动机；径向活塞式液压电动机hermetic motor密封式电动机；密封式电动机；密封型电动机hermetically sealed motor 密封式电动机hermetically-sealed motor 密封型电动机heteropolar D.C. linear motor 多极直流直线电动机high capacity motor 高功率电动机high frequency motor generator 高频电动发电机high power motor 大功率电动机high slip motor 高转差率电机high speed low-noise synchronous motor 高速低噪音异步电动机high torque AC motor 大转矩交流电动机high torque and low speed motor 大转矩低速电动机high torque motor 高启动转矩电机high voltage motor 高压交流电动机high voltage wound asynchronous motor 高压卷线异步电动机high-capacity motor 大型电动机；高功率电动机high-compression motor 高压缩发动机high-output three-phase induction motor 高功率三相感应电动机high-slip induction motor 高滑差感应电动机high-slip motor 高滑率电机high-speed motor 高速电动机high-speed servo motor 高速伺服电动机high-tension motor 高压电动机high-voltage motor 高压电动机high-voltage synchronous motor 高压同步电动机hoisting motor 升降电动机home motor 家用电动机homopolar motor 单极电动机horizontal induction motor 卧式感应电动机horizontal motor 卧式电动机horizontal-type motor 卧式发电机horse motor 马拉传动装置horse-drawn motorized duster 马拉机动喷粉机；马拉式机动喷粉机hot mill motor 热轧电动机hot motor part detection 发动机发热部分探测hot motoring method 热机马达法hydraulic control motor 液压控制马达hydraulic motor drive 液力马达传动hydraulic motor SAE stall pressure 液压马达的SAE 制动压力hydraulic motor水力发动机；液压发动机；液压马达；油压马达hydraulic slave motor 液压马达hydraulic stepping motor 液压步进马达hydraulic traversing electric motor 液压方向机电动机hydraulic-powered wiper motor 液压式风窗刮水器的液力驱动器hydro-electric motor 水力发动机hydro-motor jig流体传动跳汰机hydro-motor 水压发动机；液压发动机；液压马达；射水发动机hysteresis motor 磁滞电动机；磁滞式电动机hysteresis synchronous motor 磁滞式同步电动机;磁滞同步电动机igniter motor点火发动机immersed torque motor 湿式力矩电动机；湿式力矩马达immersible motor 浸入型电动机；潜水电动机impulse motor 脉冲电动机；脉冲马达impulse stepping motor 脉冲步进电动机increased-safety motor 增安型电动机independent motor drive 单独电动机传动individual drive motor 单独传动电动机individual-drive motor单独传动电动机induction motor controller 感应电动机控制器induction motor 感应电动机；异步电动机induction-motor meter 感应式电度表inductor motor感应子电动机；作为发电机的感应电动机inductor type synchronous motor 感应子同步电动机in-line (plunger) motor 直列式柱塞电动机in-line motor直列式马达；直列式柱塞马达in-line plunger motor 直歹U式柱塞马达inner tube of pneumatic tyre for motor cycle 摩托车用充气轮胎内胎inside-out motor旋转电枢式同步电动机；反结构同步电动机instrument motor 仪表电动机integral horsepower motor 整数马力电动机integrated motor机内电动机；积分马达；积分直流电动机；整体式电动机integrating motor积分电动机；积分马达；积分直流电动机internally geared motor 内装减速器的电动机internally ventilated motor 内通风式电动机inverse speed motor 反速电动机inversed repulsion motor 反排斥电动机;反推斥电动机inverse-speed motor 串激特性电动机inverted motor 反结构电动机inverted repulsion motor 反常推斥式电动机；反用推斥电动机iron(-)clad motor 铁壳电动机ironless A.C.servo motor 无铁交流伺服电动机Janney motor轴向回转柱塞式液压电动机；轴向回转柱塞液压马达jazz the motor 强化发动机jet motor喷气发动机kick motor加速发动机Lacour motor 拉库尔电动机large AC three-phase synchronous motor 大型交流三相同步电动机large and medium DC motor 大中型直流电动机large induction motor 大型感应电机large power motor 大功率电动机Latour motor 拉吐尔电动机leaf driving motor 过滤叶片驱动电机leak-proof motor pump 防漏式电动泵lengthened motor lorry 力口长载重汽车level-compound excited motor 平复激电动机lift motor电梯用电动机lifting motor起重电动机light power motor 小型电动机light rail motor tractor 轻型机车lighting motor-generator set照明用电动发电机组linear electric motor 直线电动机linear induction motor线性感应电动机linear motor principle 直线马区动原理linear motor 直线电动机；线性电动机linear pulse motor直线步进电动机；直线脉冲电动机linear reluctance motor 直线式磁阻电动机linear step motor 直线步进电动机linear stepping motor 直线步进电动机linear synchronous motor 线性同步电机line-fed motor直接馈电电动机line-start motor线路起动电动机；直接起动电动机；直接启动电动机liquid fuel motor 液体燃料发动机liquid motor fuel液体动力燃料liquid motor液体火箭发动机liquid-filled motor充液式电动机load limit motor负荷限制马达loading motor 加I载电机lobed rotor motor 罗茨电动机；罗茨马达long hour motor 持续运行电动机loom motor织布机电动机loop motor 环流电动机low power motor 小功率电动机low speed motor 低速电动机low speed synchronous motor 低速同步电机low tension motor starter 低压电动起动机low tension motor 低压电动机low-compression motor 低压缩发动机lower motor neuron disease 下位运动彳申经元病lower motor neuron lesion 下运动彳申经元损害lower motor neuron 下运动彳申经元low-tension motor 低压电动机luffing motor吊杆俯仰电动机Lundell motor爪极式电动机；伦德尔式电动机machine oil pump for motor 摩托车机油泵magnetic clutch motor 磁力离合器电动机magnetic stepping motor 步进电机magnetical stepping motor 磁性步进电机magnet-lagging synchronized motor 磁滞同步电动机mail motor truck 邮政汽车main drive motor 主传动电动机;主电动机main mill drive motor 轧机主传动电机main motor contactor 主电动接触器main motor 主电动机marine flame-proof three phase asynchronous motor 船用防爆三相异步电动机marine service motor 船用电动机marine-land purpose motor 船-陆两用电机master motor 主驱动电动机medium-sized motor 中型电动机mercury motor type 水银电动机式metal-clad motor 金属加固电动机；铠装电动机micro-stepping motor 微型步进电动机midget motor 微型电动机；小型电动机military motor lorry 军用卡车;军用卡车mill motor磨坊用电动机minertial motor 小惯量电动机miniature motor 微型电动机mini-motor-home 小型旅宿车mining motor 矿用电动机mist fan motor 喷雾吹风电动机；喷雾吹风马达mobile motor driven centrifugal pump 移动式机动离心泵model motor模型电动机；作为试验样品的电动机modern motor spirit 现代车用汽油Modutrol motor 莫杜特罗尔电动机monocyclic-start induction motor 单相感应电动机monocylicstart induction motor 单周期起动感应电动机monophase asynchronous motor 单相异步电动机monorail motor crab 单轨电动起重机monorail motor hoist 单轨电动绞车motor alternator 电动交流发电机motor amplifier 电机放大器motor analyser发动机试验机；发动机试验台motor atomizer 动力弥雾机motor auger机力螺旋钻motor automatic relay 电机自动继电器motor bark remover 机动剥树皮机motor base (frame) 电动机座motor base (MB) 电动机基础motor base pin 电动机座销轴motor base 电机底座motor battery 电动机电池motor bearing 电动机轴承motor bearings 电机车由承motor bed-plate 电动机机座motor board 电动机配电盘motor boat 摩托艇motor body 发动机壳体motor bogie 自动转向架motor brake magnet 电动机闸磁铁motor branch circuit 电动机分支电路；电动机馈电支路motor brass alloy 电机黄铜合金motor brass 电动机黄铜motor brush 电动机刷；电机电刷motor cabinet 电机座motor cable 电动机电缆motor capacity 电动机容量motor car fitter 汽车修酉己工motor car insurance 汽车保险motor carbon 电动机碳刷；电机碳刷motor carrier 传送机motor case 电动机壳；发动机壳体motor casing (frame) 电动机壳motor casing 电机壳；摩托车外胎motor cavity 电机座位motor chamber diameter 发动机燃烧室直径motor characteristic 电动机特性；电动机特性曲线motor circuit 动力电路motor coach 长途公共客车motor combination 电动机的组合motor commutator 电动机整流子motor compressor 电动压缩机motor console 发动机试验操纵台motor constant 电动机常数motor control relay 电动机控制继电器motor control电动机操纵；电动机电子控制；电动机控制motor controller 电动机控制器motor cooling jacket 发动机冷却套motor cooling 电动机冷去口motor coordinating center 运动协调中枢motor coupling 电动机联车由节motor current-transformer 电动变流器motor cut-out switch 电动机停机开关motor cuts out 发动机停车motor cycle insurance 摩托车保险motor decussation 运动交叉motor disturbance 运动障碍motor drill 手电钻motor drive asphalt pump 电动沥青泵motor drive oil lifter 电动油压升降机motor drive shaft 电动机驱动轴；马达轴motor drive type 电动机传动型motor drive 电动机拖动；电动驱动；电机驱动motor driven blower 电动鼓风机motor driven distributor 电动分酉己器motor driven hoist 电动绞车motor driven layer radiographic X-ray apparatus 电动断层X 射线机motor driven miniature pump set 电动微型水泵机组motor driven psychrometer 电动型通风干湿计motor driven pump 电动泵motor driven saw 电锯motor driven sludge excavator 电动挖泥机motor driven slush pump电动泥浆泵motor driven starter 电动起动机motor driven switch 电机驱动开关motor driven turbine pump 电动涡轮泵motor driven welding machine 电动焊机;电动机拖动式焊机motor driving time relay 电动机式时间继电器motor dynamo unit 电动直流发电机组motor dynamo 电动发电机；电动直流发电机motor dynamometer 电动机功率计motor eccentricity 电机偏心率motor effect 电动机效应motor efficiency 电动机效率motor element 电动机元件;运动元件motor enclosure 电机壳motor end closure 发动机喷口盖motor end plate 运动终板motor excitation 电动机励磁motor exciting current 电动机励磁电流motor fan 电扇motor fault 电动机缺陷motor fiber 运动纤维motor fire brigade vehicle 救火车;救火车motor for boat 船用发动机motor for kicker and doffer 抖动器和滚筒用电动机motor for wood-working 木工电动机motor foundation 电动机基础motor frame through bolt 电动机长螺栓motor frame 电动机架motor fuel additive 发动机燃料添加剂motor fuel constituent 发动机燃料组成motor function 运动功能；运动机能motor fuse 电动机熔断器motor gain 电动机增益motor gasoline 动力汽油motor generator arc welder 电动发电机式直流弧焊机motor glider 电动滑翔机motor grab 电动抓斗motor group 电动机组motor head 发动机前端motor hoist电动葫芦；电动提升机；电葫芦motor hotel 汽车饭店motor hull insurance 汽车车身保险motor inclosure 电动机壳Motor Industry ResearchAssociation (MIRA)汽车工业研究协会motor integrating meter 感应式电度表motor interrupter 电动断续器motor launch 汽艇motor line 电动机系列motor load control (MLC) 电动机负载控制motor load 电动机负载motor lorry (truck)载重汽车motor machine 电动机械motor magnet 电动电磁铁motor manufacturer 电动机制造者motor meter电动机式电度表；电动机型仪表；感应式电表motor method 发动机法；发动机开车法motor mount ring 发动机安装环motor mower with binder attachment 机动青草割捆机；带打捆装置的动力割草机motor mower with center drive 中央驱动式动力割草机motor mower with side drive 侧驱式动力割草机motor mower 动力刈草机；机动割草机motor nozzle 发动机喷管motor nuclei 运动核motor octane number(MON)马达法辛烷值motor off switch 电动机切断开关motor oil电机用油；车用机油；马达油motor on-off switch 马达启停开关motor panel 电动机配电盘motor performance 电动机性能motor petrol 车用汽油motor pinion 电动机小齿轮motor pitch 电动机节距motor plough 自走犁motor plow 机动犁motor point 运动点motor power (output)电动机功率motor power 发动机推力motor press 机动压力机motor protection against overheat电动机过热保护;马达过热保护motor protection relay 电动机保护继电器motor pulley 电动机皮带轮motor pump (MMP)马达泵motor pump works 电泵厂motor pump 电动泵;机动泵motor rear end plate 电动机后端盖motor reducer电动机减速器;电机减速机；马达降速器motor reducing gear 电动机减速器;电机减速机motor reduction unit 降速电动机motor reel 电动机轴motor repair shop 汽车修酉己厂motor repair 汽车修理motor road 汽车路motor room 电机室motor rotor tester 电机转子试验装置motor rotor 电动机转子motor saw 动力锯motor scooter 低座小摩托车motor scraper 自动铲运机；自行式铲运机motor shaft 电机车由motor shell 电动机壳motor ship汽船；发动机推进飞行器；内燃机船motor side 电动机侧motor siren电笛；电动警笛；马达报警器motor sleigh 雪橇motor slide rails 电动机导轨motor slip感应电动机转差率motor specification 电动机规格motor speech area 运动言语中枢motor speed control 电动机转速控制motor speed controller 发动机转速调节器motor speed 电动机转速motor spirit 车用汽油motor spring 汽车弹簧motor sprocket 电动机链轮motor squadron 汽车队motor starter电动机起动器；电动起动机；电动启动器；电机起动器motor starting and control equipment 电动机起动控制设备motor starting characteristic 发动机起动特性motor starting rheostat 电动机起动变阻器motor stator 电动机定子motor steering 汽车转向motor step 电动机距motor stirrer 电动搅拌器motor stoppage 停车motor 运动原；电动机；马达type synchronous motor 感应电动机式同步电动机type synchronous motor 感应电动机式同步电动机。

《职业英语》课程标准一、课程定位《职业英语》是商务英语专业、应用英语专业和旅游英语专业的公共选修课程，是商务英语专业及其专业群的一门实践性、应用性很强的职业技能课程，对学生的职业能力培养和职业素养养成起主要支撑作用。

该课程不仅是英语基础课程的语言能力提升，更是英语与商务专业的融合，主要体现在国际商务职场环境下综合运用英语的能力，适用于商务类和语言类等相关专业。

课程紧密依据高职高专人才培养目标，在必备的商务知识基础上，结合大量的实践练习，采用仿真的国际商务环境，培养学生的能力，提高商务英语综合运用能力。

本课程的前导课程有《英语语音》、《英语精读》、《英语泛读》、《英语听说》、《英语口语》和《英语语法与实训》等，后续课程有《商务英语阅读》、《商务英语听说》、《商务英语口语与实训》和《求职英语》等。

二、课程教学目标本课程通过阅读、听力、语言要点、语言演练、考试要点、考试演练及情景交流等方面给学生进行全面系统的指导，要求学生在学完本课程后，达到以下要求。

1、知识目标：学生在阅读与商业紧扣的文章后，如经济、制造、人事等，丰富必备的商务知识，掌握国际办公环境中应正确使用的词汇、句子、语气、方法及礼仪。

2、能力目标：培养学生在未来国际商务职场环境下，完成各种商务旅程中的各种商务活动的能力，培养学生的创新精神，培养学生独立思考解决问题的能力，培养学生综合运用语言的能力。

3、素质目标：培养学生独立思考、解决问题的能力，提高学生英语语言实际运用能力以及相应的商务职业技能，通过交流、合作、对比、总结等进行团队协作、共同进取的综合素质。

三、课程设计思路本课程突出高职教育特色，授课内容以理论和实践相结合教学，把工学结合作为人才培养模式改革的切入点，按社会岗位需求与基础对应，在课程设计上坚持“学生是中心”、“能力为本位”，注重学生职业能力、就业能力，采用行动导向任务驱动教学模式，以培养学生职场英语能力。

本课程的教学活动分为十个单元，以托业考试的整个内容为线索，从图片描述、一问一答、短对话、简短陈述、句子填空、短文填空、阅读理解等方面给学生进行全面系统的指导，以学生的实际能力为核心，辅助相关商务知识。

inward[英][ˈɪnwəd][美][ˈɪnwərd] Reserve fund application formadj.向内的; 内部的; 本质上的; 亲密的;adv.向内; 内心里;n.内部; 内脏;inward remittance [英][ˈinwəd rɪˈmɪtns][美][ˈɪnwəd rɪˈmɪtn:s]汇入汇款;网络汇入款; 汇入款项; 匯入匯款;Advice 劝告，忠告; （商业）通知; 建议; （政治，外交上的）报导，报告Remittance [英][rɪˈmɪtns][美][rɪˈmɪtn:s]n.汇款; 汇款额; 支付（金额）; [法]（案件的）发回，移转;网络汇寄; 匯款; 转付;remittance advice 汇款通知; 汇票通知; 汇款单; 领款通知书; receipt英[ rɪˈsi:t ] 美[ rɪˈsit ]n. 收据，发票; 收入vt. 开收据; [美国英语]给…开收据，承认收到•变形复数：receiptsMentioned 提到( mention的过去式和过去分词); 说起; 提名表扬; 传令嘉奖Mention vt. 提到，说起; 提名表扬n. 提及Credit n. 信誉，信用; [金融]贷款; 荣誉; 学分vt. 相信，信任; 归功于; [会]记入贷方; 赞颂transfer[英][trænsˈfɜ:(r)][美][trænsˈfɚ]vt.使转移; 使调动; 转让（权利等）; 让与;vi.转让; 转学; 转乘; 转会（尤指职业足球队）;n.转移; 调动; 换乘; （运动员）转会;via[英][ˈvaɪə][美][ˈvaɪə, ˈviə] prep.经过; 通过，凭借; 取道; 网络途经; 经过,经由; 经,通过;telegraphic[英][ˌtelɪˈgræfɪk][美][ˌtɛlɪˈɡræfɪk]adj.电报的; 电信的; 电报机的; （目光，手势等）暗示的;网络电送的; 电报式;transaction[英][trænˈzækʃn][美][trænˈsækʃən, -ˈzæk-]n.交易，业务，事务; 办理，处理; （一笔）交易，（一项）事务; （学会等的）会议记录，学报;remit vt. 宽恕; 免除; 汇款; 缓和，恢复vi. 汇款; 缓和，减轻n. 提交，移交事项quantity n. 量，数量; 定量，大批; 数目; [语音学、韵律学]音量（指元音或音节的长短）复数：quantities词根: quant 表示"多少,数量" adj.1quantitative 数量的, 定量的quantity[n.量, 数量]+ative表形容词→quantitative数量的B n1 quantity 量, 数量quant多少,数量+ity表名词→n.量, 数量2 quantum 量, 额, [物] 量子, 量子论quant多少,数量+um→n.量, 额, [物] 量子, 量子论C v.1 quantify 确定数量quant多少,数量+ify……化→v.确定数量v.量化amount英[ əˈmaʊnt ] 美[ əˈmaʊnt ] n. 量，数量; 总额; 本利之和; 全部效果，全部含义vi. （在意义、价值、效果、程度等方面）等于; 等同，接近; 合计，总共; 发展成为复数：amounts过去式：amounted过去分词：amounted现在分词：amounting第三人称单数：amounts英[nɪˈgəʊʃieɪt] 美[nɪˈgoʊʃieɪt]negotiatevi. 谈判，协商，交涉;vt. 谈判达成; 成功越过; 议价出售;[例句]Opposition grew and the government agreed to negotiate.反对的声音越来越高，政府只好同意进行谈判。

英语‎培训‎讲座‎宣传‎标语‎‎英语‎培训‎讲座‎宣传‎标语‎1‎、欢‎乐英‎语童‎年，‎造就‎无限‎未来‎！‎2‎、海‎文英‎语，‎给孩‎子更‎广阔‎的天‎地。

‎3‎、专‎业，‎资深‎教师‎辅导‎。

贴‎心，‎真诚‎服务‎教育‎。

‎4、‎语言‎是人‎的一‎部分‎，英‎语是‎语言‎的一‎大部‎分。

‎5‎、塑‎造欢‎乐童‎年‎成就‎理想‎未来‎！‎6‎、‎美‎华英‎语让‎你的‎成绩‎遥遥‎领先‎！7‎、语‎贝培‎训，‎让您‎与众‎不同‎！8‎、选‎择海‎文英‎语，‎为您‎孩子‎的成‎功加‎油。

‎9、‎新东‎方英‎语，‎流利‎英语‎亮出‎来！‎10‎、用‎英语‎沟通‎，沟‎通用‎英语‎。

1‎1‎、西‎阶英‎语：‎专业‎的辅‎导，‎进步‎的阶‎梯。

‎1‎2、‎为人‎先，‎赢世‎界。

‎1‎3、‎英语‎一点‎通，‎提高‎更轻‎松！‎1‎4、‎英语‎是走‎向世‎界的‎桥梁‎，英‎语是‎迈向‎成功‎的阶‎梯，‎来吧‎！同‎学们‎，周‎末英‎语辅‎导班‎利用‎周末‎休息‎时间‎，专‎业的‎英语‎老师‎辅导‎你快‎速学‎习掌‎握英‎语，‎成为‎未来‎的栋‎梁之‎才！‎！1‎5‎、辛‎勤培‎训英‎语的‎童年‎，国‎际眼‎光的‎未来‎。

1‎6‎、‎西‎域理‎念，‎高效‎进阶‎——‎西阶‎英语‎17‎、英‎语培‎训新‎理念‎，提‎高成‎绩看‎得见‎！1‎8、‎英语‎决定‎一个‎人的‎成就‎。

1‎9、‎英语‎更精‎通，‎西阶‎助你‎行。

‎20‎、最‎好的‎培训‎学校‎就是‎x x‎培训‎学校‎,零‎基础‎学习‎,小‎班教‎学。

‎2‎1、‎有一‎天，‎当你‎意识‎到该‎为自‎己的‎孩子‎挑一‎所英‎语培‎训机‎构时‎，面‎对眼‎花缭‎乱的‎培训‎机构‎名称‎和扇‎动人‎心的‎广告‎宣传‎语，‎你如‎何给‎自己‎一双‎慧眼‎为自‎己为‎孩子‎做出‎正确‎的选‎择？‎x x‎英语‎培训‎,不‎同班‎级,‎逐级‎提高‎!‎让孩‎子成‎才的‎最好‎选择‎!2‎2‎、V‎I P‎课程‎定制‎,随‎时学‎习,‎高端‎体验‎1-‎4人‎全外‎教母‎语英‎语培‎训,‎让‎你学‎习到‎更纯‎正的‎英语‎。

英专生的二外和小语种本科
英语专业的学生在选择二外和小语种专业时，需要考虑自己的兴趣、职业规划和就业市场需求。

以下是一些建议供您参考：
1. 二外专业：英语专业的学生通常需要选择一个外语作为第二外语。

常见的第二外语包括法语、德语、日语、韩语、西班牙语等。

选择第二外语时，可以根据自己的兴趣和职业规划来选择。

例如，如果您对欧洲市场感兴趣，可以选择法语或德语；如果您对日本动漫和文化感兴趣，可以选择日语；如果您对拉美市场感兴趣，可以选择西班牙语等。

2. 小语种专业：除了第二外语之外，您还可以选择学习一些相对较小的语言，如俄语、意大利语、葡萄牙语等。

这些语言在特定国家和地区的市场上有较高的需求，学习这些语言有助于提高您的竞争力。

3. 结合专业方向：如果您已经确定了自己的职业方向，可以根据自己的职业规划来选择合适的小语种或第二外语。

例如，如果您打算从事国际贸易工作，可以选择与您目标市场相关的小语种或第二外语；如果您打算从事翻译工作，可以选择与您感兴趣的领域相关的语言等。

总之，在选择二外和小语种专业时，请充分考虑自己的兴趣、职业规划和就业市场需求，做出合适的选择。

英语专业考研翻译分析一般来说，英汉互译是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试常考的科目或者是考试科目中的常考内容，从“试题来源详细目录”中68所院校的考试科目就可以看出，除了“英汉互译”考试科目必考英译汉或者汉译英，基础英语、英语综合水平测试、综合英语等必考科目的试题中都考英译汉或者汉译英的内容，也就是说，大多数的英语专业(包括英美文学、语言学、外国语言学及应用语言学等专业)都要考英语翻译的内容，因此，英汉互译对于报考英语专业的考生来说就显得非常重要!英汉互译是许多学生得分不理想的考试内容，特别是一些著名院校(如北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学等)英语专业研究生入学考试的英汉互译试题就充分体现了名校的高水平，其难度超出专业八级的翻译标准，甚至高于全国外语翻译证书一级笔译考试的要求。

但对于各个院校来说，英语专业历年考研翻译试题的选材特点、考试侧重点和难度都存在差异，下面对全国各个院校英语专业研究生入学考试的英汉互译试题进行分析，以便读者更好地选择院校和考试科目。

1．1 全国院校英汉互译试题分析北京地区l北京大学英语语言文学专业“专业能力”卷，其中包括翻译部分的试题，由于英语系不提供历年考题、参考书目及咨询服务，因此，无法进行评价。

2．中国人民大学翻译部分来自考试科目“基础英语?英文写作?英汉互译”，其分值为20分。

其中，英译汉部分2003年考的是一篇散文，2004年是一篇有关计算机的科技说明文，而2005是介绍一种美容护肤品特点的说明书。

对于汉译英部分，2003年是一小段介绍中国是“一个地域辽阔，有着数千年悠久历史的多民族国家”的短文，2004考的是一篇散文，而2005年是要翻译一家公司的简介，分值也占为20分。

很显然，汉译英部分的难度远远大于英译汉部分。

3．北京师范大学考试科目“基础英语”、“英语翻译理论与实践’、“英语语言文学”都考英语翻译的内容。

“基础英语”翻译分值所占比重基本为30％。

从近几年的考题来看，英译汉部分和汉译英部分难度适当，而且体裁多为散文，如英译汉部分，2001年谈现实存在的历史和思维中的历史，2002年考的是“战争的危害”，2003年是人类与自然平衡的关系，2005年谈风格一词以及汉译英部分2005年谈“直译”的由来等，它们可归为议论性散文；英译汉部分2003年的民族所需要的雄健精神，2004年书和人类关系以及在汉译英部分2004年“我对镜中的自己的感慨”可归为抒情性散文，而汉译英部分2001年写多彩的乐山龙舟和2002年谈“我和书籍的分离”可归为记叙性散文。

上海外国语大学1991年攻读硕士学位研究生考试试卷考试科目：翻译与现代汉语I. Translate the following passage into Chinese.（25%）Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such it is precious as the sign of an indestructible instinct. Perhaps the time is already come when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life, cannot always be fed on the mere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt that poetry will revive lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, which now flames in our zenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the polestar for a thousand years?(Excerpted from The American Scholar by R.W. Emerson)II. Translate the following passage into English.（25%）海风微微的吹过岛上，白日里剩下的热气全吹走了。

生活中英语标志语100条时间:2008年04月11日作者:王会燕点击:59次生活中英语标志语100条英语标志前50句1、Business Hours 营业时间2、Office Hours 办公时间3、Entrance 入口4、Exit 出口5、Push 推6、Pull 拉7、Shut 此路不通8、On 打开( 放)9、Off 关10、Open 营业11、Pause 暂停12、Stop 关闭13、Closed 下班14、Menu 菜单15、Fragile 易碎16、This Side Up 此面向上17、Introductions 说明18、One Way Street 单行道19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过21、Wet Paint 油漆未干22、Danger 危险23、Lost and Found 失物招领处24、Give Way 快车先行25、Safety First 安全第一26、Filling Station 加油站27、No Smoking 禁止吸烟28、No Photos 请勿拍照29、No Visitors 游人止步30、No Entry 禁止入内31、No Admittance 闲人免进32、No Honking 禁止鸣喇叭33、Parking 停车处34、Toll Free 免费通行35、F.F. 快进36、Rew. 倒带37、EMS (邮政)特快专递38、Insert Here 此处插入39、Open Here 此处开启40、Split Here 此处撕开41、Mechanical Help 车辆修理42、“AA”Film 十四岁以下禁看电影43、Do Not Pass 禁止超车44、No U Turn 禁止掉头45、U Turn Ok 可以U形转弯46、No Cycling in the School校内禁止骑车47、SOS 紧急求救信号48、Hands Wanted 招聘49、Staff Only 本处职工专用50、No Litter 勿乱扔杂物英语标志后50句51、Hands Off 请勿用手摸52、Keep Silence 保持安静53、On Sale 削价出售54、No Bills 不准张贴55、Not for Sale 恕不出售56、Pub 酒店57、Cafe 咖啡馆、小餐馆58、Bar 酒巴59、Laundry 洗衣店60、Travel Agency 旅行社61、In Shade 置于阴凉处62、Keep in Dark Place 避光保存63、Poison 有毒/毒品64、Guard against Damp 防潮65、Beware of Pickpocket 谨防扒手66、Complaint Box 意见箱67、For Use Only in Case of Fire 灭火专用68、Bakery 面包店69、Keep Dry 保持干燥70、Information 问讯处71、No Passing 禁止通行72、No Angling 不准垂钓73、Shooting Prohibited 禁止打猎74、Seat by Number 对号入座75、Protect Public Propety 爱护公共财物76、Ticket Office(or ：Booking Office)售票处77、Visitors Please Register 来宾登记78、Wipe Your Shoes And Boots请擦去鞋上泥土79、Men"s/Gentlemen/Gents Room 男厕所80、Women"s/Ladies/Ladies" Room女厕所81、Occupied （厕所）有人82、Vacant （厕所）无人83、Commit No Nuisance 禁止小便84、Net(Weight) 净重85、MAN：25032002 生产日期：2002年3月25日86、EXP：25032002 失效期：2002年3月25日87、Admission Free免费入场88、Bike Park(ing) 自行车存车处89、Children and Women First 妇女、儿童优先90、Save Food 节约粮食91、Save Energy 节约能源92、Handle with Care 小心轻放93、Dogs Not Allowed 禁止携犬入内94、Keep Away From Fire 切勿近火95、Reduced Speed Now 减速行驶96、Road Up. Detour 马路施工，请绕行97、Keep Top Side Up 请勿倒立98、Take Care Not to Leave Things Behind 当心不要丢失东西99、Please Return the Back After Use 用毕放回架上100、Luggage Depository 行李存放处英语研究性学习教案附录时间:2008年11月24日作者:Bluesky guo 点击:103次英语研究性学习教案附录An Outline of English project-based learning(Inquiry learning/Exploring study)Class__________________Grade_________________一．主题(Theme):1.生活中英语（English in our Daily life ）2.提高口语能力研究(Study On How to Improve Oral English)二．确立探究话题（参考话题如下）话题(Topic):1.校园英语标识、单位名称英译探究2.服饰上英语探究3.广告英语探究4.笔记本上英语探究5.英语习俗对我们生活影响（“西节东渐”现象探究）三．成立活动小组(activity group)，选定小组长(group leader)和确定活动小组成员(group members)及分工(assignments）四．选定指导教师(tutor of the activity)五．研究实施具体步骤及进度安排（包括阶段时间划分、阶段研究内容）(Schedule of the project-based learning)六．课题相关论证：1.本课题研究可行性（possibilities of this project-based learning）2.本课题研究背景(background of the project-based learning)3.课题研究目和意义(purpose of the project-based learning)七．开始时间(date of starting)：2008年10月8日八．结束时间(date of finishing)：2008年12月30日九．结题形式(closing form)：1. 报告会2. 演讲3. 图片展示4. 小论文十．展示及评价(assessment)指导教师签名(Signature of tutor)_____________________心得时间:2009年05月27日作者:英语组点击:75次心得体会我们组研究课题是：英语笑话对英语作用。

THE DEADLIEST PLANE CRASHPBS Airdate: October 17, 2006Go to the companion Web siteNARRATOR: Blinded by thick fog, two fully loaded 747s race towards disaster.ROBERT BRAGG (Pan Am Flight1736 First Officer/Survivor): Get off! Get off! Get off!NARRATOR: In 1977, the worst accident in aviation history killed nearly 600 people.KAREN ANDERSON (Pan Am Flight1736 Passenger/Survivor): It was a survival mode that kicked in, and it was just, "get out of that airplane."KLAAS MEURS (KLM Flight 4805 Co-Pilot/From Flight Voice Recorder): And we're now...CAPTAIN JACOB VAN ZANTEN (KLM Flight 4805 Pilot/From Flight Voice Recorder): We're going...NARRATOR: Blamed on pilot error in low visibility, the accident was a wake up call.JOHN NANCE (Network Aviation Analyst): I think every airline pilot knew there was something here that probably had made this an accident waiting to happen.NARRATOR: But now, 30 years later, near misses on runways continue to occur. Technology exists to warn controllers and pilots of impending collisions, but only a few airports have it. The government's top safety bureau warns that it may only be a matter of time before a major collision happens.MARK V. ROSENKER (Chairman, National Transportation Safety Board):We've been operating on luck. We can't continue to do that. Safety is not a lucky system; it's a system of science, analysis and fact.NARRATOR: Are we doomed to repeat history?AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER (Tenerife):Standby for takeoff. I will call you.ROBERT BRAGG: We're still taxiing down the runway.NARRATOR: What will it take to make our runways safer? There are lessons to be learned from The Deadliest Plane Crash, up next on NOVA.Google is proud to support NOVA in the search for knowledge: Google.Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, serving society through biomedical research and science education: HHMI. And by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you.NARRATOR: Close to the shores of Africa, surrounded by warm seas, are seven volcanic islands called the Canaries. This Spanish territory is one of the world's most popular tourist destinations.On March 27th, 1977, a KLM 747 prepares to depart from the Canary island,Tenerife.JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Ready for start up, in sequence, one, two, three, four.AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER (Tenerife): Affirmative, we're ready on one.NARRATOR: The huge jumbo jet taxis into position. At the same time, a thick fog gathers on the runway, cutting visibility. The pilot, Jacob Van Zanten, has logged more than 11,000 hours in the cockpit. But, despite his years of experience, he makes a terrible mistake, one that will baffle experts for decades to come. He begins his takeoff without clearance from the tower. What he doesn't realize is that another plane, a Pan Am 747, is taxiing on the same runway.CAPTAIN VICTOR GRUBBS (Pan Am Flight 1736 Pilot/Survivor): That son of a bitch is coming straight at us!JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Damn! Come on! Please!ROBERT BRAGG: Get off! Get off!NARRATOR: The crash and fire, on the runway at Tenerife, killed 583 people, making it the worst aviation accident in history. The handful who survived recall a harrowing ordeal.ROBERT BRAGG: We had 28 people in the upstairs lounge; the lounge was no longer on the airplane.KAREN ANDERSON: I looked in the cabin, and everything was on fire.JOAN JACKSON (Pan Am Flight1736 Flight Attendant/Survivor): I thought, "Oh my god, we're trapped."SUZANNE DONOVAN (Pan Am Flight1736 Flight Attendant/Survivor): Joan was standing there yelling, "Suzanne, take my hand."KAREN ANDERSON: It was a survival mode that kicked in, and I was just, like, "Get out of that airplane."WARREN HOPKINS (Pan Am Flight1736 Passenger/Survivor): I said, "I will jump and try and break your fall."JOAN JACKSON: I felt so responsible, because I couldn't take care of my passengers, and so helpless...and looking back and knowing that there is nothing you can do. You can't get back in the aircraft. There's no way to get in it, and it's all on fire.NARRATOR: As the news spreads around the world, everyone wants to know: "How could such a devastating accident occur? And why would such a seasoned pilot violate such a basic rule of aviation?"JOHN NANCE: I can't emphasize to you, enough, how incredibly seismic this accident was. This was the granddaddy—not only of accidents, in terms of numbers of deaths and the fact that it was two 747s—this was so horrific, involving the best and the brightest of pilots. We had to get inside the pilot's mind; we had to know what happened.NARRATOR: The story of the worst accident in aviation history begins about 4 hours before the crash. Two 747s are approaching Gando Airport on Grand Canary Island, a KLM flight from the Netherlands, and a Pan Am flight out of Los Angeles.The American plane made a stop in New York where it picked up a fresh crew. The cabin is nearly full, with 378 passengers and 13 flight attendants to look after them.JOAN JACKSON: I was on the flight with my best friend, Suzanne Donovan. And we used to bid flights together. We could do that, because we enjoyed each other's company so much.NARRATOR: Onboard the Dutch plane: 234 passengers and 14 crew, commanded by KLM's chief pilot, Captain Jacob Van Zanten.JOHN NANCE: Jacob Van Zanten was the type of senior captain that all of us, as airline pilots, eventually wanted to be. I mean, this was the top of the food chain. This was the guy who was not only a family man—well respected, well loved—at KLM he was at the top of the management chain as a pilot. He was the head of safety; he was an individual who everybody at that airline looked up to. This was a fellow whose face was on most of the advertising about KLM all over the world. I mean this was the best and the brightest.NARRATOR: Van Zanten spends most of his time training other pilots, including the man in the next seat, Klaas Meurs. In fact, it was Van Zanten who issued Meurs his 747 certification.Of the 234 Dutch passengers, many are vacationing families, 52 children among them. Three are not tourists, but rather tour guides who live in the Canaries and are now returning to their homes.ROBINA VAN LANSCHOT (Tour Guide/KLM 4805 Passenger to Tenerife): I lived in Puerto de la Cruz. That's a small village northwest of Tenerife. Yvonne was traveling with me. Walter was traveling with us. It was a very nice atmosphere on board, a very relaxed atmosphere.NARRATOR: As the two planes near Las Palmas, a drama begins to unfold at Gando Airport, when an anonymous caller warns that a bomb has been placed in the terminal.Though the Canaries lie off the coast of Africa, they are Spanish territory. The bomb threat was the work of separatists waging a violent campaign for independence. As luck would have it, the terrorists chose this moment to act.AIRPORT OFFICIAL: Leave all of your belongings behind and exit immediately. All passengers must leave the terminal immediately. Attention all passengers, leave all of your belongings and exit immediately. All passengers must...NARRATOR: A few minutes after the call, a bomb explodes at Gando Airport.JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Gando, KLM 4805 is with you now.GANDO AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: KLM 4805, Gando. The airport is closed.NARRATOR: The tower at Gando radios the KLM pilot that the airport is closed. All planes are diverted to Los Rodeos airport, on nearby Tenerife Island.This diversion could prove to be a significant problem. The KLM crew is scheduled to return to Amsterdam later that day; a long delay at Tenerife could put them past their duty time limits.JOHN COX (Accident Investigator): Pilots are limited as to the amount thatthey can work in any given day. After that there's a required rest period. This is done to combat fatigue and to help reduce the likelihood of errors. In the KLM case, they were beginning to push that limit. And that is always a concern, because if you can't complete the flight, now you have to overnight yourself and, unexpectedly, all of your passengers, in a remote location that may or may not actually be able to accommodate them.ROBERT BRAGG: Gando, Pan Am 1736. Good afternoon.GANDO AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: Pan Am 1736, Gando. The airport is closed.NARRATOR: The tower diverts the Pan Am plane as well. The first officer requests permission to remain in a holding pattern until the airport has reopened, but the request is denied.GANDO AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: Negative, sir. I say again, the airport is closed.ROBERT BRAGG: I think they just had so much traffic to deal with they didn't have time to even consider giving an airplane clearance to hold or whatever. So that's, that's what I assumed, that they had made up their mind that they were just diverting everyone to Tenerife.NARRATOR: So, now, both jumbo jets find themselves heading for the smaller Los Rodeos Airport, on the island of Tenerife, half an hour away. Ithas only one runway, but it's the closest alternative.JOHN NANCE: Tenerife was a commercial airport, but it was a smaller airport. It was perfectly okay to bring a 747 in there, on a diversion, but not a whole fleet of airplanes, as happened on that day. The problem was there weren't enough places to park them; there weren't enough people on fuel trucks; there wasn't enough in the way of facilities to handle this influx of passengers. And it was frustrating for every one of the aircrews involved.VICTOR GRUBBS: Ladies and gentlemen this is Captain...NARRATOR: Captain Victor Grubbs breaks the news to the weary passengers, who've been traveling for more than 12 hours already.KAREN ANDERSON: When they made the announcement that we were not going to be able to land, right then, at Las Palmas, mostly I was frustrated because it had been a really long trip, and I was tired, and time changes and this and that, so I guess I would say the chief feeling was frustration and sadness that we couldn't immediately disembark.WARREN HOPKINS: People were not happy about this because it was not a good omen, you know. It was not a good omen having this take place. NARRATOR: For the air traffic controllers at Los Rodeos, it's bad news as well. It's Sunday. Only two controllers are on duty, and they're not accustomed to handling this much traffic.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA (LOS RODEOS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER): KLM 4805, you are number three behind the 737. Report outer marker.JACOB VAN ZANTEN: 4805. Follow the 737, report outer marker, Los Rodeos grounds. KLM 4805.NARRATOR: After landing, the KLM pilot allows the passengers to deplane to wait out the delay. Soon, the small terminal becomes overwhelmed by theinflux of unexpected visitors, and now the Pan Am plane, ferrying hundreds more, arrives.ROBERT BRAGG: The ground situation was a traffic jam, because, when we landed there, the ramp was so crowded with other airplanes, and we were directed to taxi down to the end of the ramp area and park behind three other airplanes.NARRATOR: Every new plane that arrives takes up more of the limited parking space. Soon, all the taxiways are blocked. The controllers discuss how best to maneuver the planes when it comes time to take off. Their plan calls for the two jumbo jets to drive onto the runway, taxi to the opposite end, turn around and go. It's a slow and cumbersome procedure, but they have no choice.JOHN NANCE: Back taxiing is done all the time in aviation. There is nothing particularly unsafe, difficult or strange about it. Where there are taxiway problems, and you need to use the runway to position an airplane, that's the normal way to do it.NARRATOR: While they plan, a new problem develops. The weather begins to deteriorate, clouds roll in.JACOB VAN ZANTEN: I'm worried we're going to get caught by this fog. All we need now is for them...NARRATOR: The KLM pilot worries that if they remain on the ground too long, they will have to go off duty, stranding everyone for the night.Meanwhile, back in the terminal, the tour guide, Robina, has decided to stay on Tenerife, which is where her boyfriend lives. She tries in vain to persuade her friends to stay with her.ROBINA VAN LANSCHOT: They were making plans. You know, "We're going to have dinner here, and then we're going to have a drink there." And I just wanted to go back to him.NARRATOR: In the end, it's love that saves Robina.PAUL WESSELS (Robina Van Lanschot's Boyfriend): I met Robina in December, 1976.ROBINA VAN LANSCHOT: I fell in love, and we've never been...PAUL WESSELS: ...separated.ROBINA VAN LANSCHOT: No, not again, afterwards.NARRATOR: With all diverted aircraft now on the ground, the tower crew suddenly has little to do except worry about the weather and listen to a soccer match to pass the time...GANDO AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: Rodeos, Rodeos, Gando.RODEOS AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: Rodeos. Go ahead.GANDO AIRPORT AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER: Gando to Tenerife A.T.C., we've just reopened.NARRATOR: ...until word comes that Gando airport has reopened. And, at last, everyone can leave.PUBLIC ADDRESS ANNOUNCEMENT (DRAMATIZATION): Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? Gando Airport has reopened. Your flights will be re-boarding shortly. Please make your way back to the gate as quickly as possible when your flight is called. Thank you for your attention.ROBERTO ALVAREZ (Runway Coordinator, Los Rodeos): Boarding was very complicated, because, when the passengers were called for their flights, they were scattered throughout the airport, in the cafeteria or buying souvenirs. We had to go round them up, and, in fact, some passengers never did board the aircraft.NARRATOR: While the KLM waits for its passengers to re-board the crew decides to refuel. This seemingly routine decision will have catastrophic consequences.JOHN NANCE: As you add fuel to an airplane, even the size of a 747, you increase the amount of speed necessary for what we call "V1 and rotate," in other words to lift it off the runway. You increase the landing and takeoff distance by a certain amount. These are all very calculated figures, and, of course, you look at that before you make the decision, as a captain, on whether or not to refuel at a particular location.NARRATOR: In order to keep the weight down at takeoff, the normal practice is to take on only the amount of fuel required. But the Dutch captain takes on 55 tons, enough to get him not just to Las Palmas, but all the way back to Amsterdam.PUBLIC ADDRESS ANNOUNCEMENT (DRAMATIZATION): KLM 4805.NARRATOR: Inside the terminal, all the passengers are called to rejoin their flights. Meanwhile, Robina says goodbye to her friends.ROBINA VAN LANSCHOT: They wanted me to go with them. And they really tried to persuade me, and I tried to persuade them to stay. And, yeah, but that's, that's how it goes.AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER (Tenerife) The temperature is 14 and falling.NARRATOR: The controllers are now racing against the worsening weather. But some planes can't move. The Pan Am Plane is stuck behind the KLM which is still refueling.AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER (Tenerife): 1736 there is a delay for you. The KLM in front of you is refueling.NARRATOR: So the first and second officers decide to go outside to see if there's room to taxi around the other jet.ROBERT BRAGG: The engineer and I went out underneath the right wing and, basically, stepped off the distance between our wingtip and the KLM747's wingtip, and we were 12 feet short of being able to taxi easily around the airplane.NARRATOR: For the KLM, another delay. Two children have wandered off, and the parents have gone to look for them. The flight attendants ask the runway coordinator to find the missing family.When he locates them, he takes them back to the plane, but time has been lost and the weather is getting worse.ROBERTO ALVAREZ: I'll never forget that. If I hadn't found them, they'd be alive today.NARRATOR: Fortunately for Robina, she wasn't missed by the KLM crew.AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER (Tenerife): Station calling to start...JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Ground, KLM 4805 is ready for start up.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: 4805, clear to start.NARRATOR: The KLM pilots start their engines one by one and prepare to go back out onto the runway for takeoff. But the fog is closing in. As the clouds roll over the runway, visibility drops from 10 kilometers down to three, in just a few minutes.KLAAS MEURS: Approach, 4805 requires backtrack on runway one-two for takeoff on three-zero.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Taxi straight ahead to end of runway and make a backtrack.KLAAS MEURS: Roger. Make a backtrack. 4805 is now on the runway. ROBERT BRAGG: Pan Am 1736 ready to start.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Pan Am 1736 clear to taxi on runway, following the KLM.ROBERT BRAGG: Pan Am 1736 following KLM.Basically, our instructions were to follow KLM, to backtrack down the runway. Now, backtrack means that you're taxiing down the runway in the opposite direction of the takeoff, following KLM.NARRATOR: The second 747, weighing 335 tons, turns onto the runway and creeps along at about 10 miles per hour. The two aircraft are on the same runway. The visibility is fluctuating, but it's still very poor.ROBERT BRAGG: And we saw the fog bank come off of the right hill, and proceed down and stop right on the runway. So our visibility went from unlimited to 500 meters. We lost sight of the KLM airplane.NARRATOR: The American pilots are nervous. They can't see the KLM plane, and that means that the KLM can't see them, even when it turns around. The Pan Am has to turn off the runway. But where?It's from this moment that we know, from the voice and data recorders in both planes and from the tower recorder, exactly what transpired. The tower now confirms that visibility has dropped to 500 meters.JOHN NANCE: There are several things you're worried about immediately, as the visibility drops. Remember, your eye to runway height is over 40 feet in a 747, and you can have a fog so thick you can't even see the runway right in front of you. Secondly, you're worrying about, when you get to the end of the runway, you're going to have legal visibility for takeoff.VICTOR GRUBBS: Look at it out there. I mean this cloud just rolled right onto us. I don't think anybody has the minimums now.ROBERT BRAGG: We turned our chart over and it said, "RVR minimum 700meters visibility." So we assumed that with him just giving us 500 meters, we couldn't take off.Pan Am 1736.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Pan Am 1736, approach.ROBERT BRAGG: Uh, we were also instructed to taxi down the runway. Is that correct?FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Affirmative. Taxi to the runway. Leave the runway third, third to your left.ROBERT BRAGG: Third to the left, okay.GEORGE WARNS (FLIGHT ENGINEER): Third he said?ROBERT BRAGG: Three.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Third. Third to your left.VICTOR GRUBBS: I thought he said first.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Leave the runway third to your left, third to your left.ROBERT BRAGG: Left turn.NARRATOR: Unfamiliar with the airport, the Pan Am pilots search for their turnoff. Their confusion arises from the fact that the third exit, Charlie 3, requires making a very sharp turn which would point them in the wrong direction down the taxiway. To reach the end of the runway, the next exit, Charlie 4, with a 45 degree angle, seems to make better sense.ROBERT BRAGG: Would you confirm that you want Pan Am 1736 to turn left at the third intersection?FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: The third one, sir: one, two, three. Third, third one. ROBERT BRAGG: One, two.VICTOR GRUBBS: Good. That's what we need right, the third one?GEORGE WARNS: Uno, dos, tres.VICTOR GRUBBS: Right.JOHN COX: Pan Am was told to take the third taxiway. Well, "Third from what?" became the question. Was he counting the taxi where they had come out of? Which taxiway was the first one in the count? There were several turnoffs in the runway, one of which was very hard to make, because it was such an extreme angle.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: 1736 report runway clear.ROBERT BRAGG: Pan Am 1736.We couldn't see any taxiways. We couldn't see...barely, the centerline of the runway we were taxiing on, but we knew that the 45-degree angle to the left was the taxiway to take.NARRATOR: Meanwhile, the KLM, half a mile ahead and hidden in the fog,nears the end of the runway. Back in the tower, things are becoming tense. For several minutes, they've been unable to see either jumbo jet on the runway.JOHN NANCE: Your different airplanes that you're controlling are going to report to you precisely what they're doing and where they are; this is the theory. That controller has to maintain a clear mental lock on where these individuals are, these airplanes, at all times.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Pan Am 1736, approach. Position please.ROBERT BRAGG: 1736, just checking that.VICTOR GRUBBS: Yeah, that's the 45.NARRATOR: The tower asks the Pan Am plane to report its position, and it's clear from the transcript that the crew still cannot find the turnoff.VICTOR GRUBBS: It goes ahead. I think it will take us to the taxiway. ROBERT BRAGG: Maybe he counts these as three.VICTOR GRUBBS: Oh, I like this.NARRATOR: The visibility goes up and down by the minute. In the KLM, Captain Van Zanten is worried that the airport will close. There's a good chance he's going to be trapped on the ground, forced to spend the night at Los Rodeos—not an enticing prospect.JOHN NANCE: Here's what Jacob would have been thinking about: "If I have to shut the operation down and give my guys 12 hours of rest, and myself,I'm going to have to buy outbound rooms, rather, for the passengers, that's for one day. That's going to be a huge expense. I'm going to have a 747 sitting on the ramp, where it shouldn't be, and one less bird to fly the next scheduled trips out of Amsterdam. That's going to cost us a little bit of time and money." But the most important thing, and this is true, is the embarrassment of a senior leader and being unable to make happen what he wanted to have happen.NARRATOR: At the end of the runway, the plane begins its 180-degree turn. It's just after 5 p.m. The two aircraft are now face-to-face a half a mile apart, unable to see each other in the fog.JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Okay, we have 700 meters visibility here now. KLAAS MEURS: Wait a minute, we don't have A.T.C. clearance.JACOB VAN ZANTEN: I know that. Go ahead ask.KLAAS MEURS: Uh, KLM 4805 is now ready for takeoff. We're waiting for A.T.C. clearance.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: KLM 4805. You're cleared to the Papa Beacon. Climb to and maintain.NARRATOR: Air traffic control clearance is permission to fly the route once airborne. But it's not permission to take off. That has to be obtained separately.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Las Palmas, V.O.R.KLAAS MEURS: Roger, sir. We're cleared to the Papa Beacon, flight level 9,0, right turn out 0, 4,0 until intercepting the 3, 2, 5, and we're now...JACOB VAN ZANTEN: We're going.VICTOR GRUBBS: No!FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Stand by for takeoff. I will call you.ROBERT BRAGG: And we're still taxiing down the runway.Pan Am 1736.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Pan Am 1736, report runway clear.ROBERT BRAGG: Okay, we'll report runway clear.FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Thank you, 1736.ROBERT BRAGG: He asked us were we off the runway, and I responded back negative, we are still on the runway but we will report clear of the runway. That was the last thing I said, over the radio.We were only taxiing at three miles an hour. Nothing in my mind would have even given me the thought that he was taking off.WILLEM SCHREUDER (KLM Flight 4805 Flight Engineer): Is he clear then?JACOB VAN ZANTEN: What did he say?WILLEM SCHREUDER: Is it clear, the Pan Am?JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Oh, yes.NARRATOR: The die is cast. With every second, the KLM is going faster and faster. At that moment, the Pan Am begins to turn off the runway.VICTOR GRUBBS: Damn! That son of a bitch is coming straight at us! JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Damn! Come on! Come on! Come on! Come on! ROBERT BRAGG: Get off!JACOB VAN ZANTEN: Please!ROBERT BRAGG: Get off! Get off!When he hit us, I didn't think he'd done us that much damage, 'cause the airplane very quickly shuddered and gave a "plomp."JOAN JACKSON: The first thing was this huge loud noise. And the only thing I could liken it to is as if each molecule of air exploded. That's the way I thought of it, afterwards. It just was so loud.ERMA SCHLECHT (Pan Am Flight1736 Passenger/Survivor): At first, I thought they had gotten to us with a bomb. It came up and slammed down. The lights went out and flames came through.KAREN ANDERSON: The minute I opened my eyes, I looked in the cabin, and everything was on fire.ROBERT BRAGG: All the windows were gone in the cockpit. I looked out to the right, the right wing was on fire. I looked back to the left. We had 28 people in the upstairs lounge; the lounge was no longer on the airplane. It was just a big hole there. And I could see all the way to the tail of the airplane, just like someone had taken a big knife and cut the top off.SUZANNE DONOVAN: I was staring at the door. And I yelled, "Unfasten your seatbelts; remove your shoes; leave everything; come this way." And as I stared at the door, a jagged hole seemed to open up in the roof over the door.JOAN JACKSON: And the next thing I knew, I was outside that. And I don't know how I got out there.SUZANNE DONOVAN: Joan was standing there yelling, "Suzanne take my hand!"JOAN JACKSON: And I was standing above the level of the door, on fuselage rubble pieces. And I leaned down and said to Suzanne, "Give me your hand!" SUZANNE DONOVAN: I lost Joan's hand very quickly, so I jumped. And it was about...it seemed like the leap from a second story building.ROBERT BRAGG: The captain, he elected to jump down in the first class section of the airplane. And when he hit the first class floor, the floor collapsed and he fell down in the cargo area.ERMA SCHLECHT: I immediately thought it was total destruction. It never dawned on me that I would make it. But I thought, "Hey, you know, do something. Don't just sit there, do something!" I just went over the seatbacks, and I am not that athletic really, but I went over three rows of seats. One man was sitting there looking like, "I need help," but I couldn't help him.ROBERT BRAGG: When the KLM hit us, all communications stopped. The tower called, couldn't get any response from either the KLM or ourselves. There was an airplane in the holding pattern right above Tenerife, called the tower and said, "I see smoke and wreckage on your runway."STERLING PLANE PILOT: Rodeos approach, Sterling 105. We're downwind from runway 3,0, and something's glowing on the field, looks like a fire. FERNANDO AZCUNAGA: Come on, come on!ROBERT BRAGG: He hits the emergency warning. After KLM hit us, he went on down the runway, and hit on the runway 1,500 feet down, closer to the tower, so when the fire truck and the ambulance came out, they got to him first.NARRATOR: After the initial impact, the KLM continues flying for another 150 meters before slamming into the ground. The 55 tons of fuel the Dutch plane had taken on creates a massive fireball that seals the fate of everyone onboard. Not one person survives. Fire crews don't immediately realize that there is another plane hidden in the fog.ROBERT BRAGG: No one came to us for quite a while. As a matter of fact, I remember thinking, "I wonder why somebody hasn't gotten out here to help us."NARRATOR: For 20 long minutes, the Pan Am passengers are left to fend for themselves.。