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高中英语语法第1讲名词1 可数名词(1)可数名词的单、复数规那么变化：为了自己(self)活命(life)，小偷(thief)和他的妻子(wife)手里拿着刀子(knife)和一片树叶(leaf)站在架子(shelf)上，把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。
(2)不规那么名词的3种复数变化形式一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同。
(2)people指“人们〞时单复数同形；指“民族〞时，其复数为peoples。
(3)合成名词的2种复数形式①假设有中心词，那么把中心词变成复数；假设无中心词，那么把最终一个词变成复数。
passerby→passersby, sisterinlaw→sistersinlaw, grownup→grownups①“man/woman＋n.〞变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如women engineers。
对点练1写出以下名词的复数形式①sheep—sheep①dish—dishes①knife—knives①story—stories①tomato—tomatoes2 不行数名词(1)常见的不行数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不行数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
通常只用作不行数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, orange(橙汁), meat, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
[名师点津]word意为“消息〞、room意为“空间〞、man意为“人类〞时，通常不带任何修饰词。
高中英语语法第10讲并列句和状语从句及稳固练习考点一并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又的简洁句构成。
在并列句中，这些简洁句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
这/那时，突然……〞，常用于以下句式：sb be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when...(某人刚要做某事，突然……), sb be doing sth when...(某人正在做某事，突然……), sb had (just) done sth when...(某人刚做完某事，突然……)。
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.他刚要出去时，铃响了。
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打一封信件。
考点二状语从句(1)连词before的句型及意义：It will be some time (一段时间)＋before ...，意为“多久以后才……〞；It won't be some time (一段时间)＋before ...，意为“用不了多久就会……〞。
(2)连词since的句型及意义：It is some time (一段时间)＋since引导的时间状语从句＝It has been some time (一段时间)＋since引导的时间状语从句，意为“自从……以来已经多长时间了〞。
(3)whether...or...意为“无论……还是……〞，引导让步状语从句。
(4)where引导地点状语从句。
稳固练习①.单句语法填空1．(2021·全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.解析考查连词。
高三英语语法讲解及练习动名词第一部分知识透析第一节动名词的基本形式主动被动1. 一般式(not) doing(not) being done（常用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义，有时也可以表示在谓语动词之前或之后发生的动作）Swimming is her favorite sport.Learning to use electronic products is necessary in modern society.I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday.I can’t stand being kept waiting.His not coming made everyone very disappointed.2. 完成式(not) having done(not) having been done（动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生）1 really regretted having missed such a wonderful musical.He denied having cheated in the exam.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.I remember not having returned the book to the library.第二节动名词的用法1. 动名词作主语/表语动名词作主语/表语表示泛指的经常性的事情Collecting information is very important to businessmen.My hobby is collecting stamps.One of my bad habits is biting nails.2. 动名词作宾语1)一些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语，如：ban consider delay deny escapefeel like finish forbid involve appreciate keep practise recommend quit suggestadmit permit avoid enjoy mentionimagine include mind miss resistRisk prohibit allow advise encourage dislike forgive advocate postpone fancyHe denied having been there.We enjoy walking along the Bund.Don’t risk going to the forest alone.The old should avoid eating oily food.注意：allow, advise，encourage，forbid, permit，recommend 后接动名词作宾语，接不定式作补语。
1.gear to / towardsThe courses in our school are geared to preparing students for the demands of work in the real world. 我们学校的课程是为了让学生为现实世界的工作需求做好准备。
(be) geared to/towards sth(be)geared to doing sthThe show is gearedtowards discoveringtalented singers.2.get aboutYou don’t need a car to get about in Zurich. With all the excellent buses and trains, getting about on public transport is easy. 在苏黎世你不需要开车。
有了这些一流的公共汽车和火车，乘坐公共交通工具出行很容易。
get aboutget about on sthOur messengers couldsave time by getting abouton motorbikes.see also: get around3.get acrossEven though he’s studied English for many years, he still has trouble getting his ideas across in a conversation. 尽管他学了多年英语，但在谈话中他仍难以表达自己的思想。
get sth acrossget sth across to sbAn advertising campaignhas to get the messageacross clearly and simply. see also: put across4.get aheadHis new business is doing very well and, after years of struggling to make a good income, he’s starting to get ahead financially. 他的新生意做得很好，经过多年的努力才有了不错的收入，现在他的经济开始有了起色。
非谓语动词写作指导第一局部：非谓语动词在剧中所做成分一、非谓语动词作状语George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打，要求我尽快去他家。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital immediately.因为受伤较重，他得被立即送往医院。
二、非谓语动词作宾语She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。
三、非谓语动词作宾补I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。
I saw him go upstairs.我看到他上楼了。
四、非谓语动词作定语Laura was away in Paris fbr over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waitingfor her.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。
高三一轮复习·语法填空超重点谓语、非谓语养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
从句法层面辨识非谓语知识点：判定谓语、非谓语谓语动词：无论主句还是从句，必须有谓语动词。
根据动作发生的不同时间和说话人的情感态度，谓语动词有时态、语态及语气的变化。
非谓语动词：顾名思义，在从句中不能充当谓语，但可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
当句中已有谓语动词，且不需要并列谓语的情况下，要使用非谓语动词形式。
口诀：一句一主谓，两谓一连词，无连用非谓核心知识1 非谓语三种形式的区别考点1 非谓语动词作状语1.[2023·全国甲卷] For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.2.[2023·全国甲卷]"There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings," her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.3.[2023·华中师大附中5月适应性考试]Zibo-style barbecue's classic three-piece set contains roast lamb, green onions, and thin pancakes, which, (combine), make a mouth-watering combo(组合餐).4.(1)[2023·江苏苏州考前冲刺卷] The drama Three-Body contains a lot of thoughts and knowledge inspired by China's traditional philosophy and culture, (offer) a distinctive edge for homegrown tales in the world's sci-fi landscape.(2)Sadly,his team arrived at Qomolangma Base Camp,only (inform)that all journeys had been stopped because of an avalanche(雪崩)that had killed 16 people.5.(1) The Indian living bridges grow stronger with time. These bridges only allowed 15 to20 peopleto cross a day when first (construct). After many years, the roots have strengthened, and can hold upwards of 50 people in one day.(2)While (prepare) meals, the Chinese may strive to balance the color, shape, and types of food they choose to eat.(3)[2023·东北三省三校考前模拟]Chinese medicine might be slowly in curing the patient of the disease, but it has less serious side effects even if (take) frequently, for each medicinal herb is prescribed (开处方) for the benefit of the patient, causing no harm to the liver or the kidneys.分析1.不定式作目的状语句意：几千年来，人们讲寓言来传授知识或传递智慧。
第二讲：名词一、名词的命题规律名词是英语高考必考点之一。
高考中主要考查点有：动词、形容词等转换成名词的构词法、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的单复数、名词的词义辨析等。
语法填空题对名词的考查，常常以给提示词的形式出现，考查下列几方面的内容：动词形容词等转换成名词、名词单数变复数以及名词所有格等。
完形填空中主要考查的是短语中或名词的词义辨析。
阅读理解中主要考查名词的词义和名词的句法功能在语篇中的翻译。
书面表达中名词的运用与考查则更加灵活，以名词的句法功能为主。
二、名词的考点1. 名词的数1) 名词的单复数规则变化2) 名词的单复数不规则变化易错点：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如：two Englishmen。
但German和human不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans和humans。
3) 复合名词变复数✧复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。
bedroom→bedrooms卧室looker-on→lookers-on旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law儿媳妇✧如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。
go-between→go-betweens中间人look-out→look-outs守望者grown-up→grown-ups成年人✧易错点：man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式，如a man doctor→two men doctors4) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，表达复数含义✧如：people; police; cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，apolice，a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.✧the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, theSwiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
一、时态的数轴的思维导图have been de nghave done动词的时态和语态will do had donewill have done Past pastis doingpresentwill be doing future would have d ( ne考点一、现在时一、一般现在时1.含义1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
I leave home fbr school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the cast of China.3)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.4) not....until....as...hen, before, after, not....until....等)、条件状语从句(if, unless, as long as...)中常用一般现在时表示将来Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.As long as it doesn't rain tomorrow ,we will have a trip on schedule.2.常用的时间状语频率副词：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, hardly, never2)短语：every (day 等)，once/twice a (week 等)，on (Sunday 等)，in the (morning 等)，at (eight) , now and then, from time to timeHe usually goes to school by bike.3.谓语切词形式：do/does.谓语动词的被动语态：am/is/are doneIn the spoken English of some areas in the U.S, the " r" sounds at the end of the words arc dropped.练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空How close parents are to their children(have) a strong influence on the development of the children's characters.1.If your call is not answered within two minutes, you(advise) to hang up and dial again.2.We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours(work) miracle.3.It(turn) out that making a plan is easier than carrying it out.4.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, (allow) more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.二、现在进行时.定义1）表示说话时正在进行的动作及行为；2）表示现阶段（近段时间）正在进行的动作。
高三一轮复习非谓语动词动词不定式（to do）、分词(现在分词v+ing，过去分词done)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。
这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。
但可以有逻辑主语。
由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。
由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。
非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。
非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。
(一）1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
2.动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用.E.g. 1.做主语： To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.3..不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．次做两件事等于未做。
4.动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English（二）ing形式：动词的ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
Unit 1 & Unit 2话题词汇1．circumstance n．情况；形势；环境2．conservation n．保存；保护3．protect v．保护4．recycle v．回收；再循环5．waste v．浪费6．pollution n．污染7．take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事8．run out of用完；用尽9．realize the importance of environment 意识到环境的重要性10．arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection提高人们的环保意识经典语篇(2013·重庆)调查显示，中国长江江豚(finless porpoise)受人类活动影响而濒临灭绝，目前总数不足1 000只。
假设你是李华，请用英文给WWF(世界自然保护基金组织)写一封信，请他们关注这一状况并提供帮助。
内容应包括：·说明写信目的·简述江豚现状·希望WWF如何帮助(比如：资助江豚保护项目等)·表示感谢并期待回复注意：1.词数不少于80；2．书信格式及开头均已给出(不计入总词数)。
Dear Sir or Madam，I’m a student from Chongqing，China. Yours sincerely，Li Hua佳作欣赏Dear Sir or Madam，I’m a student from Chongqing，China.Today I am writing to you to ask for your helpto improve the situation the finless porpoise is faced with in the Yangtze River. Because of the behavior of our human beings，the finless porpoise in the Yangtze River has been greatly influenced and will be endangered.①According to the report，its total number is less than 1,000 now.② In order to prevent them from dying out，we have founded a project，but we have difficulty in running it for lack of fund. If you would like to help，you can provide it with necessary money.Besides，you can give us relevant training in protecting them.With your help，we believe we can improve the living environment of the finless porpoise soon，thus increasing its number.③If we can get you help，we will be very thankful.④We’re looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua思维发散1．用定语从句合并第①、②两句As is reported，the finless porpoise in the Yangtze River，whose total number has been reduced to less than 1,000，has become endangered due to human activities. 2．仿照第③句用现在分词作结果状语完成句子明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上学的年龄，这导致首都小学教师短缺。
