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高级英语第二册词汇短语Lesson Two Marrakech词汇:t hread (v.) : pass through by twisting,turning,or weaving in and out穿过,通过p omegranate (n.) : a round fruit with a red,leathery rind and many seeds covered with red,juicy,edible flesh;the bushor small tree that bears it石榴;石榴树c hant (n.) : a simple liturgical song in which a string of syllables or words is sung to each tune(仪式唱的)单调的歌b ier (n.) : a platform or portable framework on which a coffin or corpse is placed棺材架;尸体架h ack (v.) : break up(1and)with a hoe,mattock,etc．(用锄等)翻地,挖(土)o blong (adj.) : longer than broad;elongated长方形的l umpy (adj.) : full of lumps;covered with lumps多块状物的;凹凸不平的h ummocky (a.) : full of or looking like low,rounded hills布满小丘的;似小圆丘的d erelict (adj.) : deserted by the owner;abandoned;forsaken无主的;被遗弃的l ot (n.) : a plot of ground一块地u ndifferentiated (adj.) : without clear qualities or distinctive characteristics无区别的;无显著特点的m ound (n.) : a heap or bank of earth,sand,etc．built over a grave,in a fortification,etc．土堆;堤;坟堆p rickly (adj.) : full of prickles多刺的p rickly pear : any of a genus of cactus plants having cylindrical or large,flat,oval stem joints and edible fruits仙人掌b umpy (adj.) : full of bumps;rough;jolting崎岖不平的;颠簸的;震摇的g azelle (n.) : any of various small,swift,graceful antelopes瞪羚h indquarter (n.) : either of the two hind legs and the adjoining loin of a carcass of veal,beef,lamb,etc．;[p1.]the hindpart of a four—legged animal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉;[复](四肢动物的)后躯n ibble (v.) : take small,cautious,or gentle bites小口地咬;谨慎地咬(啃)b utt (v.) : strike or push with the head or horns:ram with the head(用头或角)撞击;顶撞m id—air (n.) : any point in space,not in contact with the ground or other surface空中;上空n avvy (n.) : n unskilled laborer,as on canals,roads,etc．劳工;无特殊技术的工人s idle (v.) : move sideways,esp．in a shy or stealthy manner(羞怯或偷偷地)侧身行走s tow(v.) : pack or store away;fill by packing in an orderly way装载;装进;收藏municipality n．a city,town.etc．having its own incorporated government for local affairs自治市(或镇)g hetto (n.) : (in certain European cities)a section to which Jews were formerly restricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区s ore (adj.) : giving or feeling physical pain;painful疼痛的;感到疼痛的s kull—cap (n.) : a light,closefitting,brimless cap,usually worn indoors(室内戴的)无沿便帽i nfest (v.) : overrun or inhabit in large numbers,usually so as to be harmful or bothersome;swarm in or over(虫害等)侵扰;骚扰;蔓延b ooth (n.) : a stall for the sale of goods,as at markets or fairs(市场或集市上的)货摊;摊店,摊棚p rehistoric (adj.) : pertaining to ancient times,very old-fashioned老式的;古旧的w arp (v.) : become bent or twisted out of shape变弯曲;变歪f renzied (adj.) : full of uncontrolled excitement疯狂的,狂乱的c lamour (v.) : make a loud confused noise or shout;cry out喧嚷,喧嚣,吵闹g rope (v.) : feel or search about blindly,hesitantly,or uncertainly摸索;探索s elf-contained (adj.) : having within oneself or itself all that is necessary;self-sufficient,as a community自给自足的w itchcraft (n.) : the power or practices of witches: black magic;sorcery巫术;魔法s quare (adj.[colloq.]) : satisfying;solid;substantial[口]令人满意的;充实的c onspicuous (adj.) : attracting attention by being unexpected,unusual,outstanding惹人注目的,显眼的g rove (n.) : orchard果园l egionnaire (n.) : a member of a legion军团的成员b ack—breaking (adj.) : requiring great physical exertion;very tiring费劲的;辛苦的,累人的d esolate (adj.) : uninhabited;deserted荒无人烟的,荒凉的l ucerne (n.):a type of plant whose leaves grow in groups of three and which is used for feeding farm animals紫苜蓿f odder (n.) : gorse food for cattle,horses,sheep,etc. as cornstalks,hay and straw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料;饲草y oke (v.) : put a yoke on;join together;link用轭连起;连合;连结h arrow (n.) : a heavy frame with spikes or sharp—edged disks,drawn by a horse 0r tractor and used for breaking upand leveling plowed ground,covering seeds,rooting up weeds,etc．耙f urrow (n.) : a narrow groove made in the ground by a plow沟,畦;犁沟t rickle (n.) : the act of trickling;a slow,small flow滴,淌;细流;s ubsoil (n.) : the layer of soil beneath the surface soil底土,下层土,m ummify (v.) : shrivel or dry up干瘪;枯干;成木乃伊状h obble (v.) : go unsteadily,haltingly,etc．蹒跚l eathery (adj.) : 1ike leather in appearance or texture. tough and flexible(外观或质地)似皮革的;坚韧的,粗硬的i nfuriate (v.) : cause to become very angry;enrage(使)发怒,激怒d amnably (adv.) : execrably该诅咒地;极坏地p acksaddle (n.) : a saddle with fastenings to secure and balance the load carried by a pack animal驮鞍b ridle (n.) : a head harness for guiding a horse马勒h alter (n.) : a rope,cord,strap,etc．,usually with a headstall,for tying or leading an animal;a bitless headstall,with orwithout a lead rope缰绳;(马)笼头g ut (n.[usu．in p1.]) : the bowels;entrails[常用复]内脏p light (n.) : condition or state of affairs;esp,now, an awkward．sad,or dangerous situation情况;状态,苦境;险境g all (v.) : injure or make sore by rubbing;chafe擦伤,擦痛;磨s tork (n.) : any of a family of large,long—legged,mostly old—world wading birds．having a long neck and bill,andrelated to the herons鹳r each-me—down (adj．[colloq.]) : second—hand or ready—made(衣服)用旧的;别人用过的;现成的k haki (adj.) : made of khaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的s quash (v.) : force one’s way;squeeze挤进,挤入s lump (v.) : have a drooping posture or gait低头弯腰(而行);消沉i nquisitive (adj.) : inclined to ask many questions or seek information;eager to learn好询问的;好奇的s yphilis (n.) : an infectious venereal disease,caused by a spirochete and usually transmitted by sexual intercourse oracquired congenitally梅毒g arrison (n.) : troops stationed in a fort or fortified place驻军;卫戍部队c harger (n.) : a horse ridden in battle or on parade战马, 军马短语:square meal: a complete and satisfying meal美餐丰盛的、令人满足in a cloud: a large number of small things moving through the air as amass一团例: a cloud of locusts一群蝗虫get at: to approach or reach到达,得到例: You have to use a little ladder to get at the jars on the top shelves.你得使用小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。
Lesson 9 The Loons一、词汇短语1. pebble [] n. a small smooth stone found especially on a beach or onthe bottom of a river鹅卵石2. scrub [] v. to rub something hard, especially with a stiff brush, in orderto clean it用力擦洗，刷洗：She was on her hands and knees scrubbing the floor.她趴在地上刷洗地板。
3. loon [lu:n] n. any of an order of fish-eating, diving birds, with a sharp bill andwebbed feet, found mainly in subarctic regions, noted for its weird cry潜鸟4. chokecherry [] n. a North American tree that producessmall sour fruit美国稠李5. shack [] n. a small building that has not been built very well小屋，简陋的小屋6. chink [] vt. to fill narrow openings in堵塞……的狭窄裂口7. thigh [] n. the portion of the human leg between the hip and the knee大腿8. lean-to [] n. a small roughly-made building that is built againstthe side of a larger building披屋9. wrap [] v. bend, curve, or twist out of shape; distort使弯曲，弄弯：wrappedlumber翘弯的木材10. ramshackle []adj. so poorly constructed or kept up thatdisintegration is likely; rickety倒塌似的，摇摇欲坠的：a ramshackle cabin一间要倒塌的棚屋11. strand [] n. a single thin piece of thread, wire, hair etc绳、线之一股：a strand of hair一缕头发12. barb wire [] n. strands of wire twisted together, with barbs atregular, close intervals, used for fencing or military barriers带刺铁丝网13. patois []n. a regional dialect, especially one without a literary tradition方言，行话14. obscenity []n. indecency, lewdness, or offensiveness inbehavior, expression, or appearance猥亵，淫猥：The spread ofpornography and obscenity is a very crucial issue in the modernsociety.色情淫秽内容的传播是现代社会所面临的一个重要问题。
Lesson 12 Four Laws of Ecology （Part II）一、词汇短语1. pervasive [] adj. existing everywhere到处存在的，到处弥漫着的：The fact that so many people have posted comments on this topicshows how pervasive and complicated it is.事实上这么多人公开谈论这个话题，就已经表明这是多么普遍多么复杂的事情。
2. detrimental [] adj. causing harm or damage有害的，不利的：The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.这项政策不利于和平进程。
3. analogy []n. something that seems similar between twosituations, processes, etc.类似处，相似处4. finite [] adj. having an end or a limit 有限的，有限度的：Humanknowledge is finite, ie there are things we do not know. 人类的认识是有限的。
5. improbable [] adj. not likely to happen or to be true 不大可能发生的，未必确切的：As improbable as this sounds, it really works.听起来有点不可思议，但这是真的。
6. self-evident [] adj. clearly true and needing no moreproof不证自明的，显而易见的：It seems to me self-evident that policesearches of newspaper offices burden the freedom of the press.警察对报社的搜查给新闻自由造成压力，这在我看来是不言而喻的。
Lesson 6 Loving and Hating New York一、词汇短语1. bush [] adj. belonging to small towns; rustic粗俗的，乡土气的，乡下的2. beget [] vt. to cause to exist or occur; produce产生，引起，招致：Healthand cheerfulness mutually beget each other.健康与欢乐相辅相成。
3. holdout [] n. a place that holds out坚固据点4. deficiency [] n. a lack of something that is necessary缺乏，不足：a deficiency of protein蛋白质不足5. pacesetter [] n. a person or company that is considered to be aleader in a particular area of activity标兵6. sitcom [] n. a situation comedy情景喜剧7. clone [] v. a）to reproduce or propagate asexually无性生殖；b）to makemultiple identical copies of （a DNA sequence）复制，克隆8. preempt [] v. to take the place of; displace占据……的位置，取代：A special news program preempted the scheduled shows.特别的新节目取代预定计划的表演。
9. casino [] n. a public room or building for gambling and otherentertainment娱乐场，赌场10. nightspot [] n. nightclub夜总会11. superdome []n. a large dome-shaped structure, especially a sports stadium超级穹顶12. bilk [] vt. to defraud, cheat, or swindle蒙骗，欺骗：He made millions bybilking wealthy clients on art sales.他在艺术品销售中骗取富有顾客的大量钱财。
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（修订本...Unit6一、词汇短语1.skyline[]n.a window in a roof or ceiling天窗2.thermodynamics[]n.physics that deals withthe relationships between heat and other forms of energy热力学3.genetics[]n.the study of how the qualities of living things are passed on in their genes遗传学4.mutation[]n.an alteration or change,as in nature,form,or quality（本质、形式上的）变化：genetic mutation基因突变5.discredit[]vt.a）to refuse to believe不相信，怀疑：discreditall rumors不相信所有谣传；b）to damage in reputation;disgrace败坏……声誉，使受辱：an attempt to discredit the government给政府抹黑的可笑企图6.corollary[]n.a deduction or an inference推理，推论：Anotherevident corollary is that the end is the final cause of the effect and not ofthe efficient cause.另外一个明显的推论即：目的是结果的终极因，但不是直接原因。
7.homogeneous[]adj.of the same or similarnature or kind同种的，同类的：They are homogeneous people.他们是同类人。
高级英语2张汉熙第3版学习指南及答案|才聪学习网[电子书]张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】文章来源：才聪学习网/高级英语内容简介《高级英语（2）（第3版）学习指南》按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、文体修辞、全文翻译以及练习答案等内容，旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教材中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语专业学生和英语自学者的喜爱和认可。
试读（部分内容）Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English一、词汇短语1．intricate [5intrikit] adj. complex; solvable or comprehensible only wit h painstaking effort错综复杂的；难懂的，难以解决的：an intricate desig n难懂的设计2．indulge [in5dQldV] vt. to yield to the desires and whims of, especial ly to an excessive degree沉迷，放纵，纵情享受：indulge oneself in ea ting and drinking纵情于吃喝。
与其构成的短语有：indulge in沉溺于；饱享3．meander [mi5AndE] vi. to move aimlessly and idly without fixed dir ection漫游，闲逛：We usually meander down to the pub after the di nner.晚饭之后，我们常常漫步去酒吧。
4．conversationalist [7kCnvE5seiFEnElist] n. one given to or skilled at co nversation健谈者：He is even-tempered, easy-going and an excellent conversationalist.他是处事不惊的，待人随和，同时也是个非常健谈的人。
Lesson 7 The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas （Excerpts）一、词汇短语1. rigging [] n. gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship’s mastsand sails索具2. procession [] n. a line of people or vehicles moving slowly aspart of a celebration队伍，行列3. decorous [] adj. characterized by or exhibiting decorum; proper有礼貌的，有教养的：He gave his wife a decorous kiss.他给了他太太得体的一吻。
4. mauve [] n. a moderate grayish violet to moderate reddish purple紫红色5. shimmering [] n. a flickering or tremulous light; a glimmer微光：theshimmering surface of the lake微微发光的湖面6. tambourine []n. an instrument consisting of a smalldrumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shakenwith one hand and struck with the other小手鼓7. dodge [] v. a）to avoid （a blow, for example）by moving or shiftingquickly aside闪躲，躲避：dodge into an alley躲进胡同；b）to evade （anobligation, for example）by cunning, trickery, or deceit躲避：He keptdodging the reporter’s questions.他一直在躲避记者的提问。
Lesson1Pub Talk and the King’s English一、词汇短语1.intricate[]plex;solvable or comprehensible only withpainstaking effort错综复杂的；难懂的，难以解决的：an intricate design难懂的设计2.indulge[]vt.to yield to the desires and whims of,especially to an excessivedegree沉迷，放纵，纵情享受：indulge oneself in eating and drinking纵情于吃喝。
与其构成的短语有：indulge in沉溺于；饱享3.meander[]vi.to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction漫游，闲逛：We usually meander down to the pub after the dinner.晚饭之后，我们常常漫步去酒吧。
4.conversationalist[]n.one given to or skilled atconversation健谈者：He is even-tempered,easy-going and an excellentconversationalist.他是处事不惊的，待人随和，同时也是个非常健谈的人。
5.anecdote[]n.a short account of an interesting or humorous incident轶事，奇闻：He told one or two amusing anecdotes about his years as a policeman.他讲述了一两桩他当警察时的趣事。
6.intimate[]n.a close friend or confidant密友，知己7.on the rocks in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe（婚姻）破坏的，失败的：Did she havea hunch that my business is going on the rocks?她是不是预感到我的生意要垮台？8.musketeer[]n.a soldier armed with a musket火枪手9.delve[]v.to search deeply and laboriously钻研，调查：He delved into lots of oldbook and papers for the fact.他钻研许多古书和文章，以寻找事实。
Lesson 11 Four Laws of Ecology （Part I）一、词汇短语1. property [] n. a quality or power that a substance, plant, etc. has特性，性质，属性：A radio signal has both electrical and magnetic properties.无线电信号既具有电的特性也具有磁的特性。
2. environmental niche [] n. 生态位：While the environmental niche haddeclined, but the change was relatively flat from 2004.环境生态位呈下降趋势，但自2004年以来变化比较平缓。
3. immediate [] adj. next to, or very near to, a particular place（地方）邻近的，紧邻的：Only a handful had returned to work in theimmediate vicinity.只有少数几个人回到附近地区工作。
4. bewildering [] adj. confusing, especially because there aretoo many choices or things happening at the same time令人困惑的，使人糊涂的：Even more bewildering—God was not only silent, he alsocommemorated his silence for posterity.更令人困惑的是上帝不仅沉默，他还将自己的沉默成为子孙后裔的纪念。
5. intricate [] adj. containing many small parts or details that allwork or fit together 错综复杂的：One is that languages all share somedeep and intricate universals.其一是，所有语言都共享一些深层且复杂的共性。
张汉熙《高级英语（2）》（修订本）学习指南-unit2【圣才出品】Unit 2一、词汇短语1. corpse n. a dead body of a human being尸体2. thread v. to pass through by twisting, turning or weaving in and out穿过，通过：The child threaded the beads.这孩子用线把珠子串起来。
3. pomegranate[n. shrub or small tree native tosouthwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit石榴，石榴树4. chant n. a short, simple liturgical song in which a string of syllablesor words is sung to each tune（礼拜式唱的）单调的歌5. bier n. a stand to support a corpse or a coffin prior to burial 棺材架，尸体架6. hack vt. to break up the surface of （soil）开辟，开垦7. oblong adj. deviating from a square, circular, or spherical form bybeing elongated in one direction长方形的8. lumpy adj. full of lumps; covered with lumps多块状物的，凹凸不平的：He could feel the thin, lumpy mattress. 他能感觉到那张薄薄的、凹凸不平的床垫。
9. hummocky adj. full of or looking like low, rounded hills圆丘般的，多圆丘的10. derelict adj. deserted by an owner or keeper; abandoned被遗弃的，无主的：a derelict ship被弃的船11. lot n. a piece of land used for a given purpose一块地：a parking lot停车场12. undifferentiated adj. without clearqualities or distinctive characteristics无差别的，没有显著特点的13. mound n. a pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris heaped forprotection or concealment土堆，坟：The explorers climbed a mound tosurvey the land around them.勘探者爬上土丘去勘测周围的土地。
Ⅰ.Paraphrase(3`×5=15`)1.Unit51.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged...At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was , in any case ,inevitable .In any case,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure...The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.4...it was tempted ,in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication...In America at least,the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5.Prohibition afforded the young the additional opportunity of making their pleasures illicit...The young found greater pleasure in drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful,added a sense of adventure.6...our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7....they “wanted to get into the fun before the whole thing turned belly up.”The young wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole ended.8...they had outgrown towns and families...These young people could no longer adapt themselves to lives in their hometowns or their families.9..the returning veteran also had to face the sodden,Napoleonic cynicism of Versailles,the hypocriticaldo-goodism of Prohibition...The returning veteran also had to face the stupid cynicism of the victorious allies in Versailles who acted as cynically as Napoleon did,and to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10.Something in the tension-ridden youth of America had to “give”...(Under all this force and pressure)something in the youth of America,who were already very tense ,had to break down.11....it was only natural that hopeful young writers , their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center...It was only natural that hopeful young writers ,whose minds and writings were full of violent anger against war, Babbittry,and “Puritanical” gentility,should come in largen numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic center.12.Each town had its “fast”set which p rided itself on itself on its unconventionality...Each town was proud that it had a group of wild ,reckless people,who lived unconventional lives.2.Unit 31.we observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.What we celebrate today is not a victory of the Democratic Party over the Republican Party, but the freedom which all Americans enjoy, especially the freedom of people to elect their own head of state. It symbolizes the end of Eisenhower s presidential term and the beginning of Kennedy's presidential term. The presidency or the office of president is renewed but the president has changed (from Eisenhower to Kennedy).2. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights that no ruler or state could take away from them. But today this belief is still in dispute ina lot of countries all over the world.3.This much we pledge —and more.We promise to do this much, and we also promise to do more.3.Unit 61. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American tasteNowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people.2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trendsNew York boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion)of America.3. sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves from CaliforniaSituation comedies made in Hollywood and the actual performance of Johnny Carson now replace the scheduled radio and TV programs for California.4. it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attractionNew York is regaining somewhat its status as a city that attracts tourists.5. To win in New York is to be uneasyA person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition).6. Nature’s pleasures are much qualified in New York.The chance to enjoy the pleasures of nature is very limited.7. the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavensAt night the city of New York is aglow with lights and seems proudly and haughtily to darken the night sky.8. But the purity of a bohemian dedication can be exaggerated.But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohemian life style can be exaggerated.9. In both these roles it ratifies more than it creates.In both these roles of banking and communications head-quarters, New York starts or originates very few things but gives its stamp of approval to many things created by people in other parts of the country.10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hypeThe television generation was constantly and strongly influenced by extravagant promotional advertising.11. those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazinesAuthors writing long serious novels earn their living in the meantime by also writing articles for popular magazines.12. Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environment, is astir again Broadway, which seemed unable to resist the cheap, gaudy shows put on in the surrounding areas, is once again busy and active.13. he prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life(If you tell a New Yorker about the vigor of outdoor pleasures, he will reply that) he prefers the unhealthy turmoil and animated life of a city.14. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.Those who failed in the struggle of life, the down-and-outs, are not hidden away in slums or ghettoes where other people can’t see them.15. The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.New York constantly irritates and annoys very much but at times it also invigorates and stimulates.4.Unit 151.Science is committed to the universal.Science is engaged in the task of making its basic concepts understood and accepted by scientists all over the world.2.A sign of this is that the more successful a science becomes, the broader the agreement about its basic concepts: there is not a separate Chinese or American or Soviet thermodynamics, for example; there is simply thermodynamics.A sign of this is that as science becomes successful, more and more people accept its basic concepts. The fact that science transcends national boundaries proves the universality of science.3.Today Lysenko's theory is discredited, and there is now only one genetics.Today Lysenko's theory is proved unscientific and people stop believing it, so there is now only one genetics.4. As the corollary of science technology also exhibits the universalizing tendency.As the natural result of science, technology also shows the universalizing tendency.5. This is why the spread of technology makes the world look ever more homogeneous.This is why the spread of technology with its universalizing tendency makes different countries and people look more similar or identical.6.Children who grow up in this world therefore experience it as a sameness rather than a diversity, and because their identities are shaped by this sameness, their sense of differences among cultures and individuals diminishes.Children growing up in this world feel that countries and people are more or less the same. Because their thoughts and feelings are influenced by this sameness, their sense of differences among cultures and people becomes weak.7. The result is described precisely in a phrase that is already familiar: the disappearance of history.The result of universalizing tendency of science and technology can be described in a phrase that we are already familiar with: the disappearance of history, to be exact, the disappearance of the visible evidence of history.8.If man creates machines, machines in turn shape their creators.Man invents and develops machines, and as a result machines change those who created them9. No longer quite an individual, no longer quite the product of a unique geography and culture, he moves from one climate-controlled shopping mall to another, from one airport to the next from one Holiday Inn to its successor three hundred miles down the road; but somehow his location never changes.The modern man is not an individual any longer. He is no longer a person with distinct traits shaped by a special environment and culture. Wherever he goes, he finds himself in the similar surroundings - the shops are in the same climate with their similar air-conditioning systems, the airports have the similar facilities and the hotels offer the similar amenities.10. He is cosmopolitan.He is universalized.11. The price he pays is that he no longer has a home in the traditional sense of the word.The disadvantage of being a cosmopolitan is that he loses a home in the old sense of the word.12. The benefit is that he begins to suspect home in the traditional sense is another name for limitations, and that home in the modern sense Is everywhere and always surrounded by neighbors.The advantage of being a cosmopolitan is that he begins to think that the old kind of home probably restricts his development and activities, while home in the modern sense is everywhere and he has neighbors all over the world.13. Science has shown the insubstantiality of the world.Science has shown that the world is not made up of solid material objects that we see with our naked eyes.14. It has thus undermined an article of faith: the thingliness of things.In the past, people firmly believed that the things they saw around them were real solid substances, but now science has cast doubt on this belief.15. At the same time, it has produced images of orders of reality underlying the thingliness of things.At the same time, science has produced images of many classes or categories of reality that lie beneath the objective, concrete and tangible images of things in the world that people see with their naked eyes.16 Are images of self-squared dragons more or less real than images of molecules?Self-squared dragons are created by science and they are pure artifacts. So are images of self-squared dragons more or less real than images of molecules?5.Unit21.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews .Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxuryEvery one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford. 7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings.If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。
Lesson 10 The Discovery of What It Means to Be an American一、词汇短语1. controversial [] adj. causing a lot of disagreement,because many people have strong opinions about the subject beingdiscussed有争议的，争论的：He is a controversial politician.他是位有争议的政治家。
其名词形式为controversy（//争论，辩论）2. motley []adj. having elements of great variety or incongruity;heterogeneous五颜六色的，混杂的：a motley tunic迷彩服3. fury [] n. extreme, often uncontrolled anger狂怒，暴怒：He waswhite with fury.他气得脸色发白。
b）violent, uncontrolled action; turbulence 骚乱，狂暴，混乱4. identity []n. the distinct personality of an individualregarded as a persisting entity; individuality个性，特性：The plannersdecided to preserve their distinct identities.设计者们决定保留他们各自的特色。
5. inheritance [] n. a）something inherited or to be inherited继承，遗产：inheritance tax遗产税，继承税；b）the process of genetictransmission of characteristics from parents to offspring遗传：maternalinheritance母体遗传6. prop [] n. that serves as a support or stay支撑，支柱：Truth will standwithout a prop.真理不需支撑。
Lesson 8 The Future of the English一、词汇短语1. cosmopolitan []adj. pertinent or common to thewhole world全世界的，国际的：a cosmopolitan city国际都市2. Fascist [] n. an advocate or adherent of fascism法西斯主义者3. rally [] n. a large public meeting, especially one that is held outdoors tosupport a political idea, protest etc集合，集会：a political rally一次政治集会4. scuffle [] n. a short fight that is not very violent扭打，混战：Scufflebroke out among the players during the football match.足球赛中运动员们扭打起来。
5. fanatical [] adj. possessed with or motivated by excessive,irrational zeal狂热的，过分热衷的：He is a fanatical hunter.他是个着了迷的猎手。
6. snarl [] vi. to speak angrily or threateningly怒吼，咆哮：“Shut up,” hesnarled.“住嘴！”他大叫道。
7. shop steward []n. a person chosen by his fellow tradeunionist in an industrial establishment to speak for them to themanagement and to watch over their interest工厂的个人代表8. accelerate [] v. a）to cause to develop or progress morequickly促进，增加（数量）：He decided to accelerate his advertising.他决定增加广告的数量。
综合英语考研张汉熙《高级英语2》考研复习资料词汇语法一、一、词汇短语1. intricate [5intrikit] adj. complex; solvable or comprehensible only with painstaking effort错综复杂的；难懂的，难以解决的：an intricate design难懂的设计2. indulge [in5dQldV] vt. to yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree沉迷，放纵，纵情享受：indulge oneself in eating and drinking纵情于吃喝。
与其构成的短语有：indulge in沉溺于；饱享3. meander [mi5AndE] vi. to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction漫游，闲逛：We usually meander down to the pub after the dinner.晚饭之后，我们常常漫步去酒吧。
4. conversationalist [7kCnvE5seiFEnElist] n. one given to or skilled at conversation健谈者：He is even-tempered, easy-going and an excellent conversationalist.他处事不惊，待人随和，同时也是个非常健谈的人。
5. anecdote [5AnikdEut] n. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident轶事，奇闻：He told one or two amusing anecdotes about his years as a policeman.他讲述了一两桩他当警察时的趣事。
Lesson One Face to Face with Hurricane CamilleJoseph P. Blank词汇：hurricane (n.): a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rains，and originating usually in the West Indian region飓风---------------------------------------------------------------------lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打---------------------------------------------------------------------pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打---------------------------------------------------------------------course (n.): a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法---------------------------------------------------------------------demolish (v.): pull down．tear down，or smash to pieces (a building，etc．)，destroy：ruin 拉倒；打碎；拆毁；破坏；毁灭---------------------------------------------------------------------motel (n.):a hotel intended primarily for those traveling by car, usually with direct access from each room to an area for cars汽车游客旅馆---------------------------------------------------------------------gruff (adj.): rough or surly in manner or speech；harsh and throaty；hoarse粗暴的，粗鲁的；粗哑的。
综合英语考研张汉熙《高级英语2》考研复习资料词汇语法一、一、词汇短语1. intricate [5intrikit] adj. complex; solvable or comprehensible only with painstaking effort错综复杂的；难懂的，难以解决的：an intricate design难懂的设计2. indulge [in5dQldV] vt. to yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree沉迷，放纵，纵情享受：indulge oneself in eating and drinking纵情于吃喝。
与其构成的短语有：indulge in沉溺于；饱享3. meander [mi5AndE] vi. to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction漫游，闲逛：We usually meander down to the pub after the dinner.晚饭之后，我们常常漫步去酒吧。
4. conversationalist [7kCnvE5seiFEnElist] n. one given to or skilled at conversation健谈者：He is even-tempered, easy-going and an excellent conversationalist.他处事不惊，待人随和，同时也是个非常健谈的人。
5. anecdote [5AnikdEut] n. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident轶事，奇闻：He told one or two amusing anecdotes about his years as a policeman.他讲述了一两桩他当警察时的趣事。
6. intimate [5intimit] n. a close friend or confidant密友，知己7. on the rocks in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe（婚姻）破坏的，失败的：Did she have a hunch that my business is going on the rocks? 她是不是预感到我的生意要垮台？8. musketeer [7mQsk5tiE] n. a soldier armed with a musket火枪手9. delve [delv] v. to search deeply and laboriously钻研，调查：He delved into lots of old book and papers for the fact.他钻研许多古书和文章，以寻找事实。
与其构成的短语有：delve into钻研，深入研究10. recess [ri5ses] n. a secluded, withdrawn, or inner place幽深处11. desultorily [5desEltErili] adv. aimlessly, at random随意地，漫无目的地：They talked desultorily for some minutes.他们随便谈了几分钟。
12. alchemy [5Alkimi] n. a science studied in the Middle Ages, that involved trying to change ordinary metals into gold炼金术13. Saxon churl [tFE:l] a term used pejoratively by the Norman conquerors to mean an ill-bred, ignorant English peasant.野蛮的人，没教养的人14. tart [tB:t] adj. sharp or bitter in tone or meaning; cutting刻薄的，尖刻的：a tart reply尖刻的答复15. convict [5kCnvikt] n. a person found or declared guilty of an offense or crime罪犯16. sty [stai] n. an enclosure for swine猪栏，猪圈17. rift [rift] n. a break in friendly relations裂痕，失和：heal the rift between us弥补我们之间的裂痕18. rear [riE] vt. to tend (growing plants or animals)培植，饲养：rear poultry饲养家禽19. scamper [5skAmpE] vi. to run or go quickly and lightly蹦跳，快跑：The children scampered off to play.孩子们蹦蹦跳跳地跑去玩。
20. rendering [5rendEriN] n. a translation翻译21. bilingual [bai5liN^wEl] adj. using or able to use two languages使用两种语言的：a bilingual dictionary双解词典22. revolt [ri5vEult] v. to attempt to overthrow the authority of the state; rebel反抗，造反：revolt against authority反抗当局23. intercept [7intE5sept] vt. to stop, deflect, or interrupt the progress or intended course of中途拦截，截断；截获（情报等）：intercept the enemy’s bombers拦截敌人轰炸机24. abuse [E5bju:z] vt. a) to assail with contemptuous, coarse, or insulting words; revile辱骂，污蔑：abuse a friend辱骂朋友；b) to use wrongly or improperly; misuse滥用，妄用：abuse one’s privilege滥用特权25. coin [kCin] vt. to devise (a new word or phrase)杜撰，编造（新单词或短语）：coin a new word造新字26. tussle [5tQsl] vi. to struggle roughly; scuffle格斗，斗争，扭打：They begin to tussle with each other for the coin.他们为争夺硬币扭打起来。
27. dandelion [5dAndilaiEn] n. a wild plant with a bright yellow flower which later becomes a white ball of seeds that are blown away in the wind蒲公英28. pejorative [5pi:dVErEtiv] adj. disparaging; belittling轻蔑的，贬低的：She spoke in a pejorative tone.她以一种轻蔑的口吻说道。
29. facetious [fE5si:FEs] adj. playfully jocular; humorous滑稽的，幽默的：facetious remarks幽默的评述30. underling [5QndEliN] n. one of lesser rank or authority than another;a subordinate下属，部下：He seemed to be master, not underling, now.他现在显得像是个主人，不是个下属了。
31. jeer [dViE] n. a scoffing or taunting remark or shout嘲笑，讥笑：cold jeer and hot abuses冷嘲热讽32. edict [5i:dikt] n. a formal or authoritative proclamation法令，布告：The edict was subject to many interpretations.这项法令附加了许多解释。
33. immune [i5mju:n] adj. a) not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt豁免的，免除的：immune from taxation免税；b) not affected by a given influence; unresponsive不受影响的，有免疫力的：immune system免疫系统34. ultimatum [7Qlti5meitEm] n. a final statement of terms made by one party to another最后通牒。
其复数形式为：ultimatums35. sinister [5sinistE] adj. presaging trouble; ominous凶兆的，不祥的：sinister storm clouds预示暴风雨降临的不祥之云36. chimpanzee [5tFimpEn5zi:] n. an intelligent African animal that is likea large monkey without a tail黑猩猩二、课文精解1. The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks：短语on the rocks 指“（婚姻等）濒于破裂；（生意等）濒于破产”。
2. …or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern：该句涉及到一个英语习语的用法。
英国人都相信当一个人早上起床时，如果左脚先着地，是很不吉利的，预示着这一天会有倒霉的事发生，那么相应地，这一天的心情也会很糟糕，很郁闷，容易发脾气。
