2020年公共英语四级复习资料试题3

2020年12月英语四级真题及参考答案(完整版)Part I writingDirections:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a composition on the topic “Changes in the way of Transportation”.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.参考范文：With the social and economic development,our means of transportation have changed a lot over the last few decades,which has brought much convenience to our life.In the1970s and1980s,bicycles were the primary means of public transportation.Families that owned a bicycle were thought to be in relatively good economic conditions.Because of the implementation of the reform and opening policy,the economy and people’s living standards were improved a lot and travelling by private cars became more and more common in1990s and2000s. And thanks to the information technology,we can now enjoy bike-sharing service and online ride-hailing service which help to make our journey more economical and flexible.We have enough reason to believe that our way of transportation could be more and more economically friendly and intelligent.Part II Listening ComprehensionPartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question.you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through she centre. Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A deadly fish has been spotted in the Mediterranean waters.B)Invasive species are driving away certain native species.C)The Mediterranean is a natural habitat of Devil Firefish.D)Many people have been attacked by Devil Firefish.2.A)It could add to greenhouse emissions.B)It could disrupt the food chains there.C)It could pose a threat to other marine species.D)It could badly pollute the surrounding waters.C)Spend a few nights on a small island.D)Sell the pearl he had kept for years.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)cars will not be allowed to enter the city.B)About half of its city center will be closed to cars.C)Buses will be the only vehicles allowed on its streets.D)Pedestrians will have free access to the city.4.A)The rising air pollution in Paris.B)The worsening global warming.C The ever-growing cost of petrol.D)The unbearable traffic noise.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Many of his possessions were stolen.B)His house was burnt down in a fire.C)His fishing boat got wrecked on a rock.D)His good luck charm sank into the sea.6.A)Change his fishing locations.B)Find a job in a travel agency.C))Spend a few nights on a small islandD)Sell the pearl he had kept for years7.A)A New Year museumB)The largest pearl in the world weighsC)His monstrous pearl was extremely valuable.D)His pearl could be displayed in a museum.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It boasts a fairly long history.B)It produces construction materials.C)It has75offices around the world.D)It has over50business partners.9.A)It has about50employees.B)It was started by his father.C)It has a family business.D)It is over100years old.10.A)Shortage of raw material supply.B)Legal disputes in many countries.C)Outdated product design.D)Loss of competitive edge.11.A)Conducting a financial analysis for it.B)Providing training for its staff members.C)Seeking new ways to increase is exports.D)Introducing innovative marketing strategies.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)She is a real expert at house decorations.B)She is well informed about the design business.C)She is attracted by the color of the sitting room.D)She is really impressed by the man’s house.13.A)From his younger brother Greg.B)From home design magazines.C)From a construction businessman.D)From a professional interior designer.14.A)The effort was worthwhile.B)The style was fashionable.C)The cost was affordable.D)The eft was unexpected.15.A)She’d like him to talk with Jonathan about a new project.B)She wants him to share his renovation experience with herC)She wants to discuss the house decoration budget with him.D)She’d like to show him around her newly-renovated house.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the your choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark he corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Providing routine care for small children.B)Paying hospital bills for emergency cases.C)Doing research on ear,nose and throat diseases.D)Removing objects from patients’noses and ears.17.A)Many children like to smell things they find or play with.B)Many children like to put foreign objects in their mouths.C)Five-to nine-year-olds are the mos likely to put things in their ears.D)Children aged one to four a often more curious than older children.18.A)They tend to act out of impulse.B)They want to attract attentions.C)They are unaware of the potential risks.D)They are curious about these body parts.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)It paid for her English lessons.B)It gave her a used bicycle.C)It delivered her daily necessities.D)It provided her with physical therapy.20.A)Expanding bike-riding lessons.B)Asking local people for donations.C)Providing free public transport.D)Offering walking tours to visitors.21.A)It is a language school.B)It is a charity organization.C)It is a counseling center.D)It is a sports club.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)How mice imitate human behavior a space.B)How low gravity affects the human body.C)How mice interact in a new environment.D)How animals deal with lack of gravity.23.A)They were not use to the low-gravity cnvironment.B)They found it difficult to figure out where they were.C)They found the space in the cage too small to stay in.D)They were not sensitive to the changed environment.24.A)They tried every thing possible to escape from the cage.B)They continued to behave as they did in the beginning.C)They already felt at home in the new environment.D)They had found a lot more activities to engage in.25.A)They repeated their activities every day.B)They behaved as if they were on Earth.C)They begin to eat less after some time.D)They changed their routines in space.听力原文：Listening ComprehensionSection ANews report1A poisonous fish which has a sting strong enough to kill a human is invading the Mediterranean, warned scientists.The International Union for the Conservation of Nature(UICN)has raised concerns after the poisonous fish was spotted in the waters around Turkey,Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean.Native to the South Pacific and Indian Ocean,the potentially deadly fish has poisonous hooks and a painful sting capable of killing people.Although fatalities are rare,the stings can cause extreme pain and stop people breathing.The fish,often known as Devil Fire fish,is a highly invasive species.And environmentalists fear its arrival could endanger other types of marine life.After being spotted in the Mediterranean,a marine scientist says,"The fish is spreading,and that's a cause for concern."Q1:What is reported in the news?Q2:What is the environmentalists'concern of the spread of Devil Firefish in the Mediterranean?News report2[Q3]Almost half the centre of Paris will be accessible only by foot or bicycle this Sunday to mark World Car-Free Day.[Q4]This is in response to rising air pollution that made Paris the most polluted city in the world for a brief time.Mayor Anne Hidalgo promoted the first World Car FreeDay last year.Hidalgo also has supported a Paris Breathes Day.On the first Sunday of every month, Paris clears traffic from eight lanes of the main road.About400miles of streets will be closed to cars.It is expected to bring significant reduction in pollution levels."Last year's car-free day showed a 40%drop in pollution levels in some parts of the city,according to an independent air pollution monitor",reports the Guardian,"and some levels dropped by50%in the city centre.'Q3:What will happen on World Car Free Day in Paris?Q4:What motivated the mayor of Paris to promote the first World Car Free Day in her city?News report3A Philippine fisherman was feeling down on his luck when a house fire forced him to clear out his possessions and change locations.Then,a good luck charm that he had kept under his bed changed his life.The unidentified man had fished out a giant pearl from the ocean when his anchor got stuck on the rock while sailing off a coastal island in the Philippines ten years ago.When he was forced to sell it,the shocked tourist agent at Puerto Princesca told him that the77-pound giant pearl that he had kept hidden in his rundown wooden house was the biggest pearl in the world,which was valued at f76million.The pearl of Allah,which is currently on display in a New York museum,only weighs14pounds.That is five times smaller than the pearl that the fisher man just handed in.The monstrous pearl,measured at1foot wide and2.2feet long,is going to be verified by local experts and international authorities before hopefully going on display to attract more tourists in the little town. O5:What happened to the Philippine fisherman one day?Q6:What was the fisherman forced to do?Q7:What did the fisherman learn from the tourist agent?Section BLong conversation1WOMAN:Mr.Smith,It’s a pleasure meeting you!Man:Nice to meet you,too.What can I do for you?WOMAN:Well,I’m here to show you what our firm can do for you.Astro Consultants has branches in over fifty countries,offering different business services.We’re a global company with75years of history.And our clients include some of the world’s largest companies【8】.MAN:Thank you,Mrs.Houston.I know Astro Consultants is a famous company.But you said you would show me what you could do for me.Well.What exactly can your firm do for my company? WOMAN:We advise businesses on all matters,from market analysis to legal issues.Anything a business like yours could meet.Our firm offers expert advice.Could I ask you,Mr.Smith,to tell me a little about your company and the challenges you face?That way,I could better respond as to how we can help you.Man:OK,sure.This is a family business started by my grandfather in1950.We employ just over 100people.We manufacture an export stone for buildings and other constructions.Our clients usually want a special kind of stone cut in a special design.And that’s what we do in our factory【9】. Our main challenge is that our national currency is rising,and we’re losing competitive advantages to stone produces in India【10】.WOMAN:I see.That’s very interesting.I will suggest that you let us first conduct a financial analysis of your company,together with the analysis of your competitors in India.【11】That way,we could offer the best advice on different ways forward for you.Q8:What do we learn about the woman’s company?Q9:What does the man say about his own company?Q10:What is the main problem with the man’s company?Q11:What does the woman suggest doing to help the man’s company?Long conversation2Woman:Wow,congratulations,Simon!The place looks absolutely amazing!Man:Really?You think so?W:Of course.I love it.It looks like you had a professional interior designer.But you didn’t,did you?M:No.I did it all by myself with a little help from my brother,Greg.He’s actually in the construction business,which was really helpful.W:Honestly,I’m impressed!I know I can probably repaint the walls in my house over a weekend or something,but not a full renovation.Where did you get your ideas?I wouldn’t know where to start.[12]M:Well,for a while now,I’ve been regularly buying home design magazines.Every now and then, I’d saved the pictures I liked.Believe it or not,I have a full notebook of magazine pages.[13]Since by overall style was quite minimal,I thought and hoped a whole renovation wouldn’t be too difficult. And sure enough,with Greg’s help,it was very achievable.W:Wasn’t it expensive?I have imagined a project like this could be.M:Actually,it was surprisingly affordable.I managed to sell a lot of my old furniture and put that extra money towards the new material.[14]Greg was also able to get some discount materials from a recent project he was working on as well.W:Great!If you don’t mind,I’d like to pick your brain a bit more.Johansson and I are thinking of renovating our sitting room,not the whole house,not yet anyway.And we’d love to get some inspiration from your experience.[15]Are you free to come over for a coffee early next week?Q12:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?Q13:Where did the man get his ideas for the project?）Q14:What did the man say about the project he recently completed?Q15:Why does the woman invite the man to her house next week?Section CPassage1Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost E3m year,a study suggests.[Q16]Children were responsible for the vast majority of cases-95%of objects removed from noses and85%from ears.Every year,an average of1,218nose and2,479ear removals took place between2010and2016.According to England's Hospital Episode Statistics,children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors fora foreign object in their nose.Five to nine year old come to the hospital with something in their ear the most.Jewelry items accounted for up to40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children.Paper and plastic toys were the items removed next most from noses.Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.[Q17]According to the study,the occurrence of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to curiosity Children have an impulse to explore their noses and ears.This results in the accidental entry of foreign objects.[Q18]Any ear,nose and throat surgeon has many weird stories about wonderful objects found in the noses and ears of children and adults.Batteries can pose a particular danger.In all cases,prevention is better than cure.This is why many toys contain warnings about small parts.Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.Q16:What does England spend an annual E3m on?Q17:What do we learn from England's Hospital Episode Statistics?Q18:What is generally believed to account for children putting things in their ears or noses?Passage2Good morning,I’d like to talk to you about my charity ReBicycle.But before that,let me introduce someone.This is Leila Rahimi.She was so scared when she first moved to New Zeal-and that she struggled to leave the house and would spend days working up the courage to walk to the supermarket for basic supplies.After a few months of being quite down and unhappy,she was invited to join a local bike club.At this time,ReBicycle got involved and gave Leila a second-hand bicycle.[Q19]In weeks,her depression had begun to ease as she cycled.The bicycle totally changed her life,giving her hope and a true feeling of freedom.To date,ReBicycle has donated more than200bikes to those in need,and is now expanding bike-riding lessons as demand soars.[Q20]With a bike,you can travel farther but for almost no cost. The three hours a day that used to spend on walking to and from English language lessons has been reduced to just one hour.Our bike-riding lessons are so successful that we are urgently looking for more volunteers.[Q21]Learning to ride a bike is almost always more difficult as an adult,and this can take days and weeks,rather than hours.So,if any of you have some free time during the weekend,please come join us at Re Bicycle and make a difference in someone’s life.Q19:What did Re Bicycle do to help Leila Rahimi?Q20:What is Re Bicycle doing to help those in need?Q21:What do we learn from the passage about the Re Bicycle?Passage3Thanks to the International Space Station we know quite a bit about the effects of low gravity on the human body,but NASA scientists want to learn more.To that end,they have been studying how other species deal with low gravity,specifically focusing on mice（22）.The results are both interesting and humorous.The scientists first send some mice in a specially designed cage to the International Space Station.The cage allowed them to study the behavior of the mice remotely from Earth via video.As you noticed in the video,the mice definitely seem uncomfortable at the beginning of the experiment. They move around clumsily,drifting within the small confines of the cage and do their best to figure out which way is up,but without success.(23)However,it’s not long before the mice begin to catch on.They adapt remarkably well to their new environment and even using the lack of gravity to their advantage as they push themselves around the cage.That’s when things really get wild.The11th day of the experiment shows the mice are not just dealing with the gravity change but actually seem to be enjoying it.(24)Several of the mice are observed running around the cage walls.The scientists wanted to see whether the mice would continue doing the same kinds of activities they were observed doing on Earth.The study showed that the mice kept much of their routines intact,including cleaning themselves and eating when hungry.(25)Q22What do Nasa scientists want to learn about?Q23What does the passage say about the mice at the beginning of the experiment?Q24What was observed about the mice on the11th day of the experiment?Q25What did the scientists find about the mice from the experiment?PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section A（第1套）Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ton blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choicein the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.When my son completes a task,I can’t help but praise him.It’s only natural to give praise where praise is due,right?But is there such a thing as too much praise?According to psychologist Katherine Phillip,children don’t benefit from26praise as much as we’d like to think.“Parents often praise,believing they are building their child’s self-confidence.However,over-praising can have a27effect,”says Phillip.“When we use the same praise28,it may become empty and no longer valued by the child.It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be29 with praise.This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of30their parents.”Docs this mean we should do away with all the praise?Phillip says no,“The key to healthy praise is1o focus on the process rather than the31it is the recognition of a child’s attempt,or the process in which they achieved something,that is essential,”she says,“Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow.”So how do we break the32of praise we’re all so accustomed to?Phillip says it’s important to 33between“person praise”and“process raise”.“Person praise is34saying how great someone is.It’s a form personal approval.Process praise s acknowledgement of the efforts te person has just35.Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing,”says Phillip.A)choose B)constant C)disappointing D)distinguishE)exhausting F)experienced G)negative H)outcomeI)pattern J)plural K)repeatedly L)rewardedM)separately N)simply O)undertaken答案：26.B27.G28.K29.L30.C31.H32.I33.D34.N35.OSection BPoverty is a story about us,not them[A]Too often still we think we know the poverty looks like.It's the way we've been taught,the images we’ve been forced-fed decades.The chronically homeless.The undocumented immigrant. The urban poor,usually personified as a woman of color,the"welfare queen"politicians still too often reference.[B]But as income inequality rises to record levels in the United States,even in the midst of a record economic expansions,.those familiar images are outdated,hurtful and counterproductive to focusing attention on solutions and building ladders of opportunity.IC]Today's faces of inequality and lack of opportunity look like all of us.It's Anna Landre,a disabled Georgetown University student fighting to keep health benefits that allow-her the freedom to live her life lt's Tiffanie Standard,a counselor for young women of color in Philadelphia who want to be tech entrepreneurs—but who must work multiple jobs to stay afloat.It's Ken Outlaw,a welder in rural North Carolina whose dream of going back to school at a local community college was dashed by Hurricane Florence-just one of the extreme weather events that have tipped the balance for struggling Americans across the nation,[D]If these arc the central characters of our story about poverty.what layers of perceptions,myths, and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?In pursuit of revealing thiscomplicated reality,Mothering Justice,led by women of color,went last year to the state capital in Lansing,Michigan,to lobby on issues that affect working mothers.One of the Mothering Justice organizers went to the office of a state representative to talk about the lack of affordable childcare-the vestiges(痕迹))of a system that expected mothers to stay home with their children while their husbands worked,A legislative staffer dismissed the activist’s concerns,telling her“my husband took care of that-l stayed home.”[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson.,"was meant to shame"and relied on the familiar trope that a woman of color concemed about income inequality and programs that promote mobility must by definition be a single mom,probably with multiple kids.,In this case.Mothering Justice activist happened to be married.And in most cases in the America of2019, the images that come to mind when we hear the words poverty or income inequality fail miserably in reflecting a complicated reality:poverty touches virtually all of us.The face of income inequality, for all but a very few of us,is the one we each see in the mirror.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?It depends on who you ask.According to the Census Bureau,38million people in the U.S.are living below the official poverty thresholds,Taking into account economic need beyond that absolute measure,the Institute for Policy Studies found that140 million peoplc are poor or low-income.That's almost half the U.S population.[G]Whatever the measure,within that massive group,poverty is extremely diverse.We know that some people are more affected than others,like children,the elderly,people with disabilities,and people of color.[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography.It even reaches into the middle classes,as real wages have stagnated(不增长)for all but the very wealthy and temporary spells of financial instability are not uncommon.[I]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it. The big American myth is that you can pull yourself up by your own effort and change a bad situation into a good one.The reality is that finding opportunity without help from families,friends. schools，,and community is virtually impossible.And the playing field is nothing close to level. [J]The Frame Works institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studiedwhat sustains stereotypes and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom."People view economic success and well being in life as product of choice,willpower,drive,grit,and gumption,"says Nat Kendall-Taylor,CEO of Frame Works.“When we see people who are struggling.”he says,those assumptions“lead us to the perception that people in poverty are lazy.they don’t care,and they haven't made the right decisions.”[K]Does this sound familiar?Similar ideas surround poverty in the U.S.And these assumptions wreak havoc on reality."When people enter into that pattern of thinking,"says Kendall-Taylor,"it's cognitively comfortable to make sense of issues of poverty in that way.It creates a kind of cognitive blindness-all of the factors external to a person's drive and choices that they've made become invisible and fade from view.”Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work ot struetual discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Assumptions get worse when people who are poor use government benefits to help them survive.There is a great tension between"the poor"and those who are receiving what has become a dirty word:"welfare."According to the General Social Survey,7l percent of respondents believe the contry is spending too little on a"welfare":37percent believe we are spending too much,[N]"Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.It's true that black mothers are more affected by poverty than many other groups,yet they are disproportionately the face of poverty.For example，Americans routinely overestimate the share of black recipients of public assistance programs. [O]In reality,most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives.Indeed,people tend to dip in and out of poverty,perhaps due to unexpected obstacles like losing a job,or when hours of a low-wage job fluctuate.[P]Something each of us can do is to treat each other with the dignity and sympathy that is deserved and to understand deeply that the issue of poverty touches all of us.答案：36.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Danielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"37.[H]But the fact that4in10Americans can't come up with$400in an emergency is a commonly cited statistic for good reason:economic instability stretches across race,gender,and geography. 38.[M]According to the General Social Survey,71percent ofrespondents believe the country is spending too little on"assistance to the poor."39.[J]The Frame Works Institute,a research group that focuses on public framing of issues,has studied what sustains stereo types and narratives of poverty in the United Kingdom40.[D]lf these are the central characters of our story about poverty,what layers of perceptions,myths,and realities must we unearth to find meaningful solutions and support?41.[F]How many of us are poor in the U.S.?42.[N]“Poverty has been interchangeable with people of color-specifically black women and”black mothers,"says Atkinson of Mothering Justice.43.[1]Negative images remain of who is living in poverty as well as what is needed to move out of it.44.[E]That comment,says Mothering Justice director Dan-ielle Atkinson,"was meant to shame"45.[L]Those external factors include the difficulties accompanying low-wage work or structural discrimination based on race,gender,or ability.Section CPassage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Boredom has,paradoxically,become quite interesting to academics lately.In early May.Lon don's Boring Conference celebrated seven years of delighting in dullness.At this event.people floc ked to talks about weather,traffic jams and vending-machine sounds.,among other sleep-indu cing topics What,exactly,is everybody studying?One widely accepted definition of boredom i s"the distasteful experience of wanting,but being unable.to engage in satisfying activity." But how can you quantify a person's boredom level and compare it with someone else’s?In1986,psychologists introduced the Boredom Proneness Scale,designed to measure an individual’s overall tendency to feel bored By contrast,the Mulitidimensional State Boredom scale,developed in2008,measures a person’s feelings of boredom in a given situation. Boredom has been linked to behavior issues including inattentive driving.mindless snacking.excessive drinking,and and addictive gambling.In fact,many of us would choose pain over。

2020 年公共英语四级复习资料试题3第五部份：Dialogues/monologues ：I am passionate about English, and the challenge of expressing English fluently and swimmingly with foreigners was the principal motivation.1、.. h aving been brought up in the countryside.2、Those mighty winds pulled in a band of cloud and some patchy rain through the small hours, and into thefirst partof the morning. 翻译为：那些强劲的大风卷起一层云彩，还有些零星的小雨下了好一会，一直持续到清晨。

3、clearer skies and much light winds allowed temperatures to drop well into single figures resulting in atouch of grand frost in some rural areas. 翻译为：清凉的天空和微风让温度值降到了个位数，使得很多乡村地区出现了霜.4、The early sunshine giving away to a bit more clouds. 注意的词语：give away 让步。

翻译为：太阳被一小片云层遮住了。

5、There was something of a drier interlude before an active weather system moved in from the west.6、Some of the more exposed locations saw sustained winds of40mph with gusts of 58mph.练习：The Greenhouse effect and Global warmingThe heart-trapping capacity of the atmosphere is popularly known as the "greenhouse effect". Despite public controversy surrounding global warming, the natural greenhouse effect has been long established as fact in the scientific community.Indeed, carbon dioxide, and other gases, the earth 'sn atural climate would be about 3 3C cooler tha n it is. Lifewould have evolved quite differently in such a climate.Most scientists believe that the rapid expansion of agriculture and industrial activities over the last several hundred years have generated significant increases in carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. However, experts disagree about whether such changers have caused the increase of approximately 0.5 °C in the earth ' s surface temperature that has been documented over the past century. Many scientists cite the fact that 1997 was the warmest year on record, following a decade in which 9 of the 11 hottest years of this century were reported, as strong, but circumstantial, evidence that human activities have altered the earth ' sclimate. Other experts, however, believe this temperature trend is a natural variation.Also disputed is whether projected world population growth to more than 10 billion people by the year 2100 will result in a doubling or tripling of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. If such a buildup occurs, as many scientists predict, global surface temperatures could increase by anywhere from about one Celsius degree to about 4 Celsius degrees during the next century. The higher half of range involves temperature changes outside of those33experienced by human civilizations since the end of the last ice age some 10,000 years ago. During the last ice age, average global temperatures were only about 5 Celsius degrees cooler than the present period.A temperature increase of several degrees Celsius could result in a sea level rise ranging from about 10 cm to about 1 m. A sea level rise of about 0.5 m would be noticeable primarily in the most vulnerable, low-lying islands and coastal areas. Larger sea level rises would result in extensive flooding of lowland beaches, wetlands, and coastal settlements. Moreover, a higher sea level base would increases the risk of catastrophic storm surges in coastal areas, since flooding would likely extend island well beyond historic levels.Warmer temperature could also intensify droughts in some regions, destabilize ecosystems, and cause the decline or extinction of some species. Since carbon dioxide enhances photosynthesis, some scientists have calculated that higher concentrations in the atmostphere would increase the productivity of crops and forests. But others have point out that carbon dioxide increase and a warming climate could encourage the spread of destructive pests, including weeds and disease-carrying insects.参考译文：大气储存热量的水平被普遍看作是“温室效应”。

2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题及详解（第三套）一、PartⅠWriting(30minutes)1.Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the topic Changes in education.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.输入答案内容...【答案】【参考范文】The changes of education have aroused extensive attention of the society,which can be seen in many aspects in our daily life,such as TV programs,newspapers and university classes.Especially in recent years, Chinese education model has become more diversified and efficient.Many factors contribute to this phenomenon.The most common factor is the economic development and technological advance that have made online education possible.Technological teaching aids such as videoconferencing are widely available,reducing the time and place of classes.Another contributing factor is globalization.As countries become more and more connected,hope to integrate into different cultures by taking more international courses.The progress of education is of vital importance to everyone.It can not only promote the continuous development of individuals,but also promote the exchanges between countries.【行文点评】1．引出主题，说明教育变化的现象具有普遍性，且教育模式变得更多样、更高效。

2020上半年英语四级真题及答案Part I Writiig (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allouwed 30 minites to wrile an essagfonh online libraries. You can start your essay with the sentence “Online libraries are becoming increasingly popular". You shouli urrite at least 120 wonds but no more then 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear too or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.B) Warm currents mn the ocean.C) Exhaust from cars in Europe.D) Particles emitted by power plants.2. A) They need to be taken seriously.B) They have a huge effect on fishery.C) They might be causing trouble to air fights.D) They may be affecting the world's climate.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To appeal for higher wages.B) To demand better health care.C) To call for a permnanent security guard.D) To dismiss the bad-tempered supervisor.4. A) It had already taken strong action.B) It would put customers' needs fiust.C) It would take their appeal seriously.D) It was seeking help from the police.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news repoirt you have just heard.5. A) The road was flooded.B) The road was blocked.C) The road wasfrozen with snow.D) The road was covered with spilled gas.6. A) A truck plunged into a pool of liquid chocolate.B) The heavy snow made driving very difficult.C) The truck driver dozed off while driving.D) A truck hit a barrier and overtumed.7. A) It was a long time before the dleanup was fnished.B) It was a hard task to remove the spilled substance.C) It was fortunate that no passenger got injured.D) It was difficult to contact the manufacturer.Section BDirections: In this section, you wil hear twoo long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questioms will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding Letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) She wanted to save for a new phone.C) She could enjoy discounts with cash.B) She found it much safer to use cash.D) She had been cheated using phone apps.9. A) They can save a lot more time and trouble.B) They find it less difficult to make purchases.C) They derive greater pleasure from buying things.D) They are less aware of the value of their money.10. A) More valuable items.B) More non-essential things.C) Everyday necessities.D) Electronic devices.11. A) It can improve shopping efficiency.B) It is altering the way of shopping.C) It may lead to excessive spending.D) It appeals more to younger people.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He wanted to order some wooden furniture.B) He had to change the furmiture delivery time.C) He had a problem with the fumiture delivered.D) He wanted the furmiture store to give him a refund.13. A) Send the furniture back to the store.B) Describe the fumiture he received.C) Collect the fumiture he ordered.D) Buy another brand of fumiture.14. A) Correct their mistake.B) Improve their service.C) Apologize to his wife.D) Give the money back.15. A) She recommended a new style.B) She offered some gift to the man.C) She apologized to the man once more.D) She checked all the items with the man.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best ansuwer. from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Reading books of wisdom.B) Tidying up one's home.C) Sharing with others.D) Donating to charity.17. A) Things that make one happy.B) Things that are becoming rare.C) Things that occupy lttle space.D) Things that cost a lot of money.18. A) It joined the city's clean-up campaign.B) It sold as many as fty boxes of books.C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.D) It did lttle business because of the unusual cold weather.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.B) Provide shelter for the homeless.C) Help the vulnerable to cook lunches.D) Call for change in the local government.20. A) Strengthen co-operation.C) Win national support.B) Promote understanding.D) Follow his exarmple.21. A) Spreading news of his deeds.B) Writing him thank-you notes.C) Following the example he sets.D) Sending him hand- made bags.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) To solve word search puzzles.B) To send smartphone messages.C) To test their eyesight using a phone app.D) To install some audio equipment in a lab.23. A) They could not go on until the ringing stopped.B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.C) They grabbed the phone and called back right away.D) They asked their experimenter to hang up the phone.24. A) A rise In emotional problems.B) A decline in sports activities.C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.D) A decline in academuc perforance.25. A) Protect the eyesight of the younger generation.B) Take effective measures to raise productivity.C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.D) Ensure they have suffcient sleep every day.Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankt following the passage.Read the passage through canfully before making your choices. Bach choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Ansuer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the wornds in the bankt more than once.There're three main types of financial stress people encounter. The first type is apparent in people being stressed about the26______ups and downs of investunent markets actually not so muchthe ups,but 27______ the downs. These people are usually unable or unprepared to endure the long haul.The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt. In a 28______percentage of cases of debt- induced financial stress, credit cards and loans will be a central element. Often there'll be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage, but credit cards often seem to be the gateway to debt related financial difculties for many.The third type of stress and 29______ the least known is inherited fnancial stress, which is the most destructive. It is experienced by those who have grown up in households where their parents regularly 30______and fought about money. Money therefore becomes a stressful topic, and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive 31______Those suffering inherited financial anciety 32______to follow one of two patterns. Either they put their head in the sand: they would33______exarmining their financial statements, budgeting,and discussing fnancial matters with those closest to them. Alternatiely,they would go to the other,and micro-analyze everything, to the point of complete They're convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one.A) appearanceB) arguedC) avoidD) considerableE) definitelyF) extremeG) inactionH) incrediblyI) normalJ) possiblyK) propositionL) rebelledM) statementN) tendO) traditionalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage writh ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragmaphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph mone than once. Each paragraph is manked with a letter. Ansuwer the questioms by manking the corresponding letter om Ansuer Sheet 2.Doctor's orders: Let children just playA) Imagine a dnug that could enhance a child's creativity and critical thinking. Imagine that this drug were simple to make, safe to take, and could be had for free. The nation's leading pediatricians say this miracle compound exists. In a new clinical report, they are urging doctors to prescribe it liberally to the children in their care.B)“This may seem old-fashioned, but there are skills to be leamed when kids aren't told what to do,said Dr.Michael Yogman, a Harvard Medical School pediatrician who led the drafting of the call to arms. Whether it's rough physical play, outdoor play or pretend play, kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go, he said.C) The advice, issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics, may come as a shock to some parents. After spending years fretting over which toys to buy, which apps to download and which skill-building programs如o send their kids to after school, letting them simply play or better yet, playing with them- could seem like a step backward. The pediatricians insist that it's not. The academy's guidance does not include specific recommendations forthe dosing of play. Instead, it asks doctors to advise parents before their babies tum two that play is essential to healthy development.D)“Play is not silly behavior,”the academy's report declares.It fosters children's creativity,cooperation, and problem- solving slills- all of which are critical for a 2lst century workforce.When parents engage in play with their children, it builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress , including poverty, the academy says. In the pediatricians' view, essentially every life skill that's valued in adults can be built up with play.“ Collaboration, negotiation, decision-making,creativity, leadership, and increased physical activity are just some of the skills and benefts children gain through play," they wrote. The pediatricians' appeal comes as kids are being squeezed by increasing academic demands at school and the constant invasion of digital media.E) The trends have been a long time coming. Between 1981 and 1997, detailed time use studies showed that the time children spent at play declined by 25 percent. Since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001，public schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing forstandardized tests. The focus on academic“skill and drills" has cut deeply into recessand other time for free play.F) By 2009, a study of Los Angeles kindergarten classrooms found that five year-olds were so burdened with academic requirements that they were down to an average of just 19 minutes per day of “choice time," when they were permitted to play freely with blocks, toys or other children.One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no time at all for“ free play.”Increased academic pressures have left 30 percent of U. S. kindergarten classes without any recess. Such findings prompted the American Academy ofPediatrics to issue a policy statement in 2013 on the“crucial role of recess in school.”G) Pediatricians aren't the only ones who have noticed. In a report titled“Crisis in the Kindergarten,"a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called the loss of play in early childhood“a tragedy, both for the children themselves and for our nation and the world.”Kids in play-based kindergartens“ end up equally good or better at reading and other intellectual skills,and they are more likely to become well- adjusted healthy people," the Alliance for Childhood said in 2009.Indeed, new research demonstrates why playing with blocks might have been time better spent, Yogman said. The trial asssed the effectiveness of an early mathematics intervention aimed a tpreschoolers.The results showed almost no gains in math achievement.H) Another playtime thief: the growing proportion of kids' time spent in front of screens and digital devices, even among preschoolers. Last year, Common Sense Media reported that children up through age eight spent an average of two hours and 19 minutes in front of screens each day,including an average of 42 minutes a day for those under two. This increase of digital use comes with rising risks of obesity, sleep deprivation and cogmnitioe，language and social-emotional delays, the American Academy of Pediatrics warmed in 2016.I)“I respect that parents have busy lives and it's easy to hand a child an iPhone," Yogman said.“But there's a cost to that. For young children, it's much too passive. And kids really leam better when they're actively engaged and have to really discover things.J) The decline of play is a special hazard for the roughly 1 in 5 children in the United States who live in poverty. These 14 million children most urgently need to develop the resilience that is cultivated with play. Instead, Yogman said, they aredisproportionately affected by some of the trends that are making play scarce:academic pressures at schools that need to improve test scores,outside play areas that are limited or unsafe, and parents who lack the time or energy to share in playtime.K) Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids. “The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing them a great service," he said. Even well-meaning parents may be“robbing them of the opportunity to have that joy of discovery and curiosity- -the opportunity如o find things out on their own.L) Play may not be a hard sell to kids. But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediaticians' new prescription may meet with skepticism from parents, who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world. They should welcome the simplicity of the message, Lemner said.“It's liberating to be able to offer them this advice: that you spending time with your child and letting him play is one of the most valuable things you can do," he said.“It doesn't have to involve spending a lot of money or time , or joining a parenting group. It's something we can offer that's achievable. They just don't recognize it right now as particularly valuable. ”36.Increased use of digital devices steals away children's playtime.37.Since the beginning of this century, an increasing amount of time has been shifted in public schools from recess to academic activities.38.It has been acknowledged that while kids may welcome pediatricians' recommendation， their parents may doubt its feasibility.39.According to some professionals, deprivation of young children's playtime will do harm not only to children themselves but to the country and the world.40.By playing with children, parents can prevent them from being harmed by stress.41.Playing with digital devices discourages kds from active discovery, according to pediatrician Dr. Michael Yogman.42.The suggestion of letting children simply play may sound like going backwards to parents who want to help build their children's skills.43. Dr. Michael Yogman believes the idea that parents should carefully schedule children's time may not be helpful to their growth.44. One quarter of teachers in an American city said that children in kindergartens had no time for playing freely.45. According to a pediatrician, no matter what kind of play children engage in, they are leaming how to create things.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mank the corresponding letter on AnsuerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Paasage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Americans spend bilions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.Trying to live uψ to the images of“perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety,depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a fnancial cost.Having an eating disorder boosts arnual health care costs by nearly US $2 000 per person.Why is there both extemal and internal pressure to look“ perfect"? One reason is that society rewards people who are thinand healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question.Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earmings and other indicators of success in the workplace?Our recently published study answered this question by tracling a large national random sarmple of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight they think they're heavier than they are- -while men tend to under-perceive theirs.We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes，although self-perceived weight can influence self- esteem, mental health and health behaviors.While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.Since employers' perception of weight is what matters in the labor market,changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?A) Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.B) Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.C) Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.D) Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.47. What have researchers found out about people's eamings?A) They are closely related to people's social status.B) They have to do with people's body weight and shape.C) They seem to matter much less to men than to women.D) They may not be equal to people's contributions.48. What does the author's recent study focus on?A) Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.B) Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market.C) Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success.D) How bosses' perception of body image impacts employees' advancement.49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?A) Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.B) People are not adversely affected in the workplace by falseself-perception of body weight.C) Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.D) Gender inequality continues to fnustrate a lot of female employees.50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?A) Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image.B) Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.C) Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.D) Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following paasage.The work-life balance is dead. By this, I'm not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulblling career and a thriving personal life, and I'm definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but T'm arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it's too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.At the minimum, most of us work because we want如be able to support ourselves , our fanilies,and the people around us. In the ideal world, we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn't give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life, it's a lttle bit harder to make that connection.But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.Losing your balance and falling isn't pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance, and that causes terible outcomes. It's more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days. These variations are normal, and it's more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.How we tlk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference. Let's bury “work-life balance”and think bigger and better about work-life fulfllment to do a little less balancing anda lot more living.51. What does the author suggest by saying“The work-life balance is dead"?A) The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.B) The pursuit of a ful6lling career involves personal sacrifice.C) The imbalance between work and life simply doesn't exist anymore.D) The concept of work-life balance contributes lttle to a flflling life.52. What does the author say about our use of language?A) It impacts how we think and behave.C) It reflects how we communicate.B) It changes with the passage of time.D) It differs from person to person.53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?A) We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.B) We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.C) We do meaningful work that contributes to society.D) We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.54. What does the author say about life?A) It is cyclical.C) It is fuflling.B) It is dynamic.D) It is risky.55. What does the author advise us to do?A) Make life as simple as possible.C) Balance life and work in a new way.B) Talk about balance in simpler terms.D) Strive for a more fulflling life.Part IVTranslation(30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allouwed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Ansuer Sheet 2.茅台( Moutai)是中国最有名的白酒,在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。

2020年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)答案Part I Writing结构框图：第1段引出话题并表明观点：在互联网时代的每个人都能感到交流方式的剧烈变化。

但是，这种变化具有两面性。

第2段从正反两方面论证自己的观点：一方面，我们必须承认科技给交流带来巨大便利，身在远方也可以和亲朋好友实时对话。

另一方面，互联网的便捷和智能手机的普及是人际交往减少的根源。

第3段总结全文：我们必须看到交流方式变化的好处和潜在危害。

最重要的是要理智使用虚拟社交，保持虚拟社交与真实社交的平衡。

(更多范文见最后页)The Changes in the Way of Communication【1】Living in the age of the Internet, nobody could fail to notice the drastic changes in the way of communication and their penetrating influence on our life.【2】As the saying goes, every rose has its thorns and communication is no exception.【3】On the one hand, we must recognize the enormous benefits brought by technology, through which we can enjoy the real-time communication with families and friends in a distant place. This brings us great comfort and sense of happiness【4】compared with ancient people who heard from a friend three months later after he/she had sent a letter.【5】On the other hand, it cannot be denied that the easy access to the Internet and the wide popularity of smartphones are blamed for the root of less social communication among people.【6】This can be best illustrated by the increasing number of hours spent on We Chat, QQ or some other social networking websites.【7】To reach a balanced view, we need to take both the benefits and potential harms of changes in the way of communication into account.【8】But the top priority is that we could make wide use of virtual communication and keep a balance between face-to-face communication and communication online. Part II Reading ComprehensionSection ASection BSection C Passage OnePart IV Translation生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。

2020 年公共英语四级复习资料(1) 第一部份： Dialogues /monologues：1、You can tell they lived during the Depression.个句子中"tell ”是断定的意思，常常把它的意思与 ( 告知、告 ) 系在一起，子便不弯来。

翻：你能断定他生活在那的大条期。

2、He really knows how to bring a person out.“bring a person out.”是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。

翻：他非常善于鼓励人/ 使人振作起来。

例： to bring sb ⋯⋯ out comfident, happy, and friendly / 意思： to make someone feel more 使某人更加自信、开朗。

3、He looks like his fun to be with.翻：他看起来是个很有意思的人。

或，和他在一起会很有意思。

4、Since we ’re going to recruit some staff so that wecan get our new school going in time.里的since,和so that 是基于⋯⋯原因的意思. 根据意思将其成：届⋯⋯将⋯⋯以便⋯⋯翻：届我将聘一些工作人以便使我的新学校即开学。

5、Would you address character description for thecommercial and industrial arts staff?翻：你能商与工美的特征描述? arts 跟前面的 commercial and indutrial 在一起看，而非与后面的 staff ：(the commercial and industrial arts) staff.6、There are a number of other positions to consider.“A number of ”换成“a lot of ”或者是“ a great many ”行不行，为什么 ?能够换成 a lot of或 a great many of,因为position是可数名词。

2020年9月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第3套）听力答案：1.A) Ship traffic in the Atlantic.2.D) They may be affecting the world’s climate.3.C) To call for a permanent security guard.4.A) It had already taken strong action.5.B) The road was blocked.6.D) A track hit a barrier and overturned.7.B) It was a hard task to removing the spilled substance.8.A) She wanted to save for a new phone.9.D) They are less aware of the value of their money.10.B) More non-essential things.11.C) It may lead to excessive spending.12.C) He had a problem with the furniture delivered.13.B) Describe the furniture he received.14.A) Correct their mistake.15. с) She apologized to the man once more.16. B) Tidying up one's home.17. A) Things that make one happy.18. C) It received an incredibly large number of donated books.19. A) Give free meals to the homeless.20. D) Follow his example.21. C) Sending him had-made bags.22. A) To solve word search puzzles.23. B) They could no longer concentrate on their task.24. C) A reduction in the amount of sleep.25. C) Realize the disruptive effects of technology.【写作第3套】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on Online libraries. You can start your essay with the sentence "O nline libraries are becoming increasingly popular. "You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Online Libraries Are Becoming Increasingly Popular With the advancement in science and technology, a growing number of citizens and college students are more likely to make use of the online libraries. As far as I am concerned, the primary causes for this phenomenon can be summarized as follows.First and foremost, the popularity of the Internet and mobile-phones provides us with such convenient tools that online libraries are available for readers in any time and any places. What’s more, libraries are where pupils, university students and citizens spend many hours in doing homework and researching for their book reports and papers. As a result, online libraries offer abundant information and latest reference materials for them to finish their tasks.As a consequence, it can be said that the quality of the libraries is second only in significance to teachers, so it is crucial for everyone to read intensively and comprehensively. Therefore, I am firmly believing that such a trend will yield positive implications to our society.这次考察的话题与我们的学习生活密切相关，因此，大家可以通过范文，有意识的积累关于图书馆与阅读话题的写作素材。

2020年12月英语四级真题及参考答案-三套全2020 年12 月四级真题及答案（全3 套）四级写作第一套Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the change of communication. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.With the development of science and technology, we have witnessed the various huge changes of our daily life, among which, the change of communication is striking. However, people’s view on it never come to consensus.Concerning it, both communication online and offline have their merits.For one thing, no one denies that communication online brings great convenience to us, especially to those who have friends or relatives in remote areas. Because the change makes it possible for them to have frequent chat. And, the way we contact with others is diverse. Video calls and voice message can both meet modern people’s satisfaction. For another, the change is also making us disconnected. Due to the availability, people are gradually reluctant to have face-to-face communication with surrounding people, which is isolating us from the people we love.Given the factors above, the change of communication, we have to admit, is more like a double-edged sword. Neither do we discard it nor completely rely on it. Instead, we should make reasonable use of it so as to maximize its benefits.随着科学技术的发展，我们见证了我们日常生活中的各种巨大变化，其中沟通方式的变化是引人注目的。

2020年7PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the use of translation apps.You can start your essay with the sentence"The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular."You should write at least120words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.News Report One…parts of Scotland covered by the orange alert to avoid travel on Wednesday,'this is what he said to us.The orange warning may be raised to red in some areas.That is a warning for snow that has never been seen since the modern system came into place in Scotland.The orange warning has been extended until6p.m.on Thursday.Trains,planes and ferries are also likely to be affected,with wind chill that could see parts of Britain feeling as cold as-15℃.The head of road policing said,'I would urge drivers to take extra care on the roads for their journeys.Drivers should make sure they are prepared for their journey with warm clothing,food and drink, sufficient fuel and a charged mobile phone.There could be significant traffic delays,so please start to plan your journey now to consider if you really need to travel on conditions of this…Questions1to2are based on the passage you have just heard.Question1:What were people at parts of Scotland advised to do?Question2:What did the head of road policing urge drivers to do?News Report2Romania's wetlands are coming back to life,thanks to help from local communities,the World Wildlife Fund and funding from the European Union.Roughly2,224acres of the picturesque Danube Delta–home to300species of birds–have filled with wildlife.Theland has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the area.'A lot of birds have migrated to the area and one doesn't need to travel long hours anymore or go to other lakes towatch the birds,'says Ion Meuta,Deputy Mayor of Mahmudia.The area around Mahmudia, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site,is the third-most biodiverse in the world,after Australia's Great Barrier Reef and the Galapagos Islands.Groups used earth-moving equipment to restore the ernment officials proposed to protect the area's endangered wild fish by issuing a fishing ban over the next decade.Questions3to4are based on the passage you have just heard.Question3:What is the news report mainly about?Question4:What did government's officials propose to do to protect the endangered fish?News Report3Scott Dunn,recently awoke from a medically-induced sleep he'd been in after a car accident. He was heartbroken after realizing he'd missed his high school graduation.His classmates decided to give him a second chance.It was just a month ago that East Juniata High School seniors met in the school's auditorium for graduation.And last week,they did it again.Scott's car accident was on May22nd,just3days before the ceremony."I remember waking up in the hospital and asking mom,'What day it was',she told me it was the28th."He said,"I looked at her and said,‘I missed my graduation."The school's principal,Mr.Fausey,called Scott's mom Karen and said that everybody wants to do something special for him.Students wore their caps and gowns and sat in the front of the auditorium.Scott's parents,Karen and Scott Senior,sat front and center.After brief speeches,Scott's name was called,only Scott's name.He walked across the stage as the audience cheered.A graduation for one."I'm speechless,"Scott said."I don’t know how to even explain it.I'm speechless to know that so many people are behind me."Questions5to7are based on the passage you have just heard.Question5:What happened to Scot a month ago?Question6:What did Scot ask about when he regained consciousness?Question7:Why was Scot speechless at the graduation ceremony?Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear some questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Conversation OneM：How do you like your new flexible work in arrangement?Do you enjoy working from home?W：Yes and no,I find an isolation challenging at times,apart from my mother,not too many people I know,have time for phone chat during working hour.I tried the library but found I wasn’t really keen on working there.M：No,neither would I.I find the library a bit too quiet.I’d lack inspiration or stimulation, which would be counter-productive to getting a lot of work done.W：I found the same thing.So,lately,I’ve been going out to Cafes occasionally,I love the noise,the people,the busyness of a Café,the sense of being out in the world.M:Coffee shops seem to have affectively become off spaces for so many people in this digital age.Though I’m not sure how Caféowners feel about it-having so many people who go to that places to work rather than drink and eat.W：Yes,some people seem to spend a lot of time there and not order much.The most annoying one for Caféowners must truly be those,usually only two of them,who occupy a table for six with their laptops and paperwork.M：They should sit at a table for two,not the table for six.Some obviously stay so long,they need to plug the laptops into a power adapter.I nearly tripped over someone’s computer electrical lead the other day in my local café.W：It’s a double-edged sword,no doubt about that,for a Caféowner.While remote workers help to keep the caféfull in quiet times,they can take up valuable table space and busy period.Questions10to11are based on the passage you have just heard.Question8.What does the woman say is the disadvantage of working from home?Question9.What does the man say is counter-productive to getting work done in the library?Question10.What does the woman like about doing one’s work in a café?Question11.What is most annoying for caféowners according to the woman?Conversation TwoW:I’m going to start working for another job.I can’t see myself getting an opportunity to progress on my company anytime in the near future.And I really think my skills and abilities deserve a higher salary.M:You are not going to quit,are you?W:I’m thinking I might as well.Then I can devote more time and energy to find me a better position at another company.M:But you’ve been in your present company less than two years,haven’t you?This would be the third time you’ve left your job in the last five years.If you do several jobs in a relatively short span of time,perspective employers might see that you lack loyalty.That could make them worry and reluctant to employ you.W:Unfortunately,loyalty doesn’t pay.Even if I get a promotion at my company,it’s likely to be less sizeable than if I were to get a job elsewhere.And even if I get a promotion,I’m not guaranteed to get a raise.I had that experience at another company I worked up.M:They want you to take on more work and responsibility but for the same amount of money?W:More or less,yes.The way I see it,through having different jobs,I’ve got a lot of experience,and different jobs and in different industries.M:But potential employers might worry about that experience is not deep,or thorough enough.W:Perhaps,but I feel pretty confident that I can sell myself.You know what they say, fortune favors the brave.Questions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.Question12:What makes the woman think about changing her job?Question13:What does the man say about people who keep changing their jobs?Question14:What does the woman say would happen even if she got promoted in her current company?Question15:What benefit has the woman gain from changing her jobs frequently?Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you willhear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a ques-tion,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Passage OneThere is a saying that goes something along the lines of‘You must love yourself first before you can love someone else.’Similarly,I personally believe that you must be comfortable and happy in your own company before you can truly be yourself in the company of others.There is a massive difference between being lonely and being alone.Loneliness is a horrible feeling. However,you don’t have to actually be alone to feel that way.Many times,I’ve felt lonely when surrounded by a big group of people.In contrast,being alone can actually be a blessing, particularly,when you’ve actively chosen it.In my experience,being bored and alone is dangerous and can easily lead to the feeling of loneliness.The trick is to be active.Get outside, stretch your legs,do something cultural,buy yourself something tasty to eat or something pretty to wear.You don’t have to take anyone else into consideration and can do whatever you please. Spending time alone also allows you to more efficiently take care of problems.And then,when it’s time to be social and meet up with your friends,you will be fully there,because you won’t have too much other stuff floating around in your mind.Having been alone for a bit,you will also appreciate your friends’company more and chances are your time spent together will be more worthwhile.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.Question16:What does the speaker say about being alone?Question17:What does the speaker say how to reduce one’s feeling of loneliness?Question18:What is an advantage of spending one’s time alone?Passage TwoWhen I turned twelve,I worked summers at my father’s small brick cleaning business.I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution,and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough brick.It was tempting to have your job just finish.But anybody who worked for Thomas Kahoon had to meet his standards,and that include of me.If I messed up,he made me stay late until I got it right.My father wasn’t been me.He demanded the same at himself.Every brick he cleaned on the house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting.It was his signature.In1970,when I was twenty,I got married.I moved out my parent's modest place into a housing project.Drugs and gang violent were just beginning to plague the projects.Some of my friend went to jail.Some were killed.My wife Verllen,was18,and nobody gave our marriage a chance.But we believed in each other.And our faith made us strong.When we married,I worked as a stock clerk at Southwest Super Food.It was hard,tedious work.Each Friday night a truck came,with cases of food that had to be unloaded,priced and placed on shelves.Most of stock clerks try to get Friday night off.But I was always ready to work.By Saturday morning,all the kinds and drawers in my aisle would place with a label facing smartly out,like a line of soldiers on review.That was my signature.I took pride in a job nobody wanted.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.Question19.What do we learn about the speaker’s father?Question20.What does the speak say about the housing project?Question21.What do we learn about the speaker as a stock clerk?Passage ThreeWatching more than3hours of television a day doubles memory loss in older people,a new study of more than3,000adults suggests.Scientist at University College London used memory and fluency tests on the same group of people6years apart.They found that those who watched on average less than3hours television a day showed a decline ever round4to5percent,while those who tended to watch more than3hours a day declined by an average of8to10percent. The research team say they believe the alert but passive nature of television watching maybe creating stress on the mind,which contributes to memory decline.Older people who watch more television are also less likely to undertake activities knowing to preserve mental functioning,such as reading or interactive screen base pursuits,such as using the internet or playing video games.The researchers say that television viewing maybe a risk factor for all Alzheimer’s disease,but more researches needed to establish a link.While watching television may have educational benefits and relaxation benefits,the researchers advise that adults over the age of50should try and ensure that television viewing is balanced with other contrasting activities.If you’re concerned that the amount of television you’re watching could have a negative impact on your health,you should eliminate the amount of TV watch each day and undertake some healthy hobbies.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.Question22.By what means does scientist at University College London measure memory lost?Question23.What contributed to memory decline in the participants?Question24.What did the researchers say about their finding concerning the link between TV viewing and xxx this disease?Question25.What do the researchers suggest older people do?PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.“Science and everyday life cannot and should not be separated."Those were the words uttered by pioneering British scientist Rosalind Franklin,who firmly believed that the pursuit of science should be(26)to all.As a woman working in the first half of the20th century,Franklin’.s contributions to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time-including the structure of DNA-were sadly(27)in her lifetime.One of my proudest moments in my role as universities and science minister was being able to go some way to redress this injustice last month,by unveiling the new Mars rover named after this brilliant British scientist.Today,on International Women’s Day,it is only right that we recognize the important work of female scientists like Franklin and seek to honour her memory by inspiring more women and girls to follow in her footsteps.More than60years after Franklin’s death,we are(28)living in a different world,where women play an important part in every echelon of our society-not least in science, innovation,higher education and research.UK universities are world leaders when it comes to advancing and(29)gender equality.The Athena SWAN charter,initially established to improve the representation of women in scientific disciplines in higher education,now has145members.It has also expanded topromote gender equality in multiple disciplines-including the arts,social sciences,humanities, business and law.In the past decade,we have seen a(30)increase in England in the number of women accepted on to full-time undergraduate degrees in science,technology,engineering and maths(Stem subjects).And in the last academic year,women(31)for more than half of all Stem postgraduates at UK universities.The government is taking further steps to improve women’s representation in science and has today awarded nine inspiring women£50,000to develop inventions to tackle the challenges and seize the opportunities we face as a society.From new materials to cut down on plastics pollution to special devices to improve posture and comfort for wheelchair users,these women are at the forefront of creating the new technology for tomorrow.This is significant progress,but access to higher education is only half of the equation.To have real equality in the sector,we need to ensure talented women are able to progress into the academic and leadership roles they desire,and get the remuneration they deserve.Data shows us the(32)to success gets harder for women to climb the further up they go.Although women make up the majority of undergraduates in our universities,just under half of academic staff are female.At(33)levels,only a quarter of professors are women, and black women make up less than2%of all female academic staff.I welcome the introduction of pro-active strategies like the new initiative at the University ofLeicester,which I am visiting today,to increase the number of female professors by1.5% each year,with the overall goal of having30%professorships held by women by2020.There are also stark differences in pay across grades.The gender pay gap based on median salaries across the sector in2016-17was13.7%,(34)there is still some way to go to ensure women are rising through the ranks to higher grade positions and being paid (35).Section B（略）Section CIt’s late in the evening:time to close the book and turn off the computer.You’re done for the day.What you may not realize,however,is that the learning process actually continues—in your dreams.It might sound like science fiction,but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the fragmented,often bizarre imaginings they generate at night.Scientists have found that dreamingabout a task we’ve learned is associated with improved performance in that activity(suggesting that there’s some truth to the popular notion that we’re“getting”a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it).What’s more,researchers are coming to recognize that dreaming is an essential part of understanding,organizing and retaining what we learn—and that dreams may even hold out the possibility of directing our learning as we doze.While we sleep,research indicates,the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours,allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural(神经的)virtual reality.A vivid example of such reenactment can be seen in this video,made as part of a2011study by researchers in the Sleep Disorders Unit at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris.They taught a series of dance moves to a group of patients with conditions like sleepwalking,in which the sleeper engages in the kind of physical movement that is normally inhibited during slumber.They then videotaped the subjects as they slept.Lying in bed,eyes closed,the woman on the tape does a faithful rendition of the dance moves she learned earlier—“the first direct and unambiguous demonstration of overt behavioral replay of a recently learned skill during human sleep,”writes lead author Delphine Oudiette.Of course,most of us are not quite so energetic during sleep—but our brains are busy nonetheless.While our bodies are at rest,scientists theorize,our brains are extracting what’s important from the information and events we’ve recently encountered,then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know—perhaps explaining why dreams are such an odd mixture of fresh experiences and old memories.A dream about something we’ve just learned seems to be a sign that the new knowledge has been processed effectively.In a2010 study published in the journal Current Biology,researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to navigate the maze compared to participants who did not dream about the task.Robert Stickgold,one of the Harvard researchers,suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material.But some scientists are pushing the notion of enhancing learning through dreaming even further,asking sleepers to mentally practice skills while they slumber.In a pilot study published in The Sport Psychologist journal in2010, University of Bern psychologist Daniel Erlacher instructed participants to dream about tossing coins into a cup.Those who successfully dreamed about the task showed significant improvement in their real-life coin-tossing abilities.Experiments like Erlacher’s raise the possibility that we could train ourselves to cultivate skills while we slumber.Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.51.What is scientists’finding about dreaming?A)It involves disconnected,weird images.B)It resembles fragments of science fiction.C)Dreaming about a learned task betters its performance.D)Dreaming about things being learned disturbs one’s sleep.52.What happens when one enters a dream state?A)The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.B)The neural activity of the brain will become intensified.C)The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.D)The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.53.What does the brain do while we are sleeping?A)It systematizes all the data collected during the day.B)It substitutes old information with new data.C)It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.D)It classifies information and places it in different files.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.在中国火锅已有2000多年的历史，最早流行最寒冷的地区，然后在很多地区盛行，出现了具有地方特色的种类。