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北京市西城区2021 — 2022学年度其次学期期末试卷高一英语 2022. 7试卷满分：140分考试时间：120分钟A卷满分9O分第一部分I.听力理解（共三节，满分22.5分）第一节：（共4小题；每小题1.5分，满分6分）听下面四段对话，每段对话后有道小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话你将听听两遍。
1. How does ihe woman leam Chinese?A. On the radio.B. On television.C. On the Internet.2. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Neighbors.B. Husband and wife.C. Teacher and parent.3. Which bus will the woman take al last?A. T-3.B. Z-4.C. T-6.4. What is the man doing?A.Giving advice.B.Offering help.C.Making an appointment.其次节：（共6小题；每小题1.5分，满分9分）听下面段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。
5. Where does the woman prefer to buy things?A. At the mall.B. On a webfsit.C. At the discount store.6. When did the man get the bank card?A. This morning.B. Last week.C. Last month.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。
7. What is the man's holiday plan?A. Coing to Jinan with his aunt.B. Taking a hiking trip to Himalays.C. Visiting Underwater World id Qingdao. 8. How long is the woman's trip?A. 6 days.B. Kathy.C. Jim.9. Who called Tony?A . Have dinner. B. Play football. C. Go and the hook.10. Whal will Tony do now?A. Have dinner.B. Paly football .C. Go and get the book.(听力理解第三节见试卷第7页）Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5）阅读下而短文，举握其大意，从各题所给的A、 B, C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
北京市西城区2018 — 2019学年度第一学期期末试卷高一历史试卷试卷满分：120分 考试时间：100分钟A 卷〔必修 模块1〕 满分100分一、选择题（下列各题的四个选项中,只有一项符合题意。
每小题1分,共50分）1.约公元前2070年,禹建立了我国历史上第一个王朝——夏。
这一年属于公元前A ．19世纪前期B ．20世纪后期C ．21世纪前期D ．21世纪后期2.“西周的统治者把统治的权力、权威和责任委任给属国,属国反过来效忠中央政府并向中央政府纳贡,提供军事支持。
”这描述的是A.禅让制B.分封制C.宗法制D.礼乐制3.“不行黜陟．．（官职的升迁或降黜）而藩国自析”。
这评价的是汉武帝实行的哪项措施 A.颁布“推恩令” B.平定“七国之乱”C.实行郡国并行D.用察举制选官4．三省六部制经过长期发展,到隋唐时期才得以确立并完善。
其中尚书省下设六部,负责A ．决策B ．审议C ．执行D ．司法5.唐朝时盛行“宁为百夫长,胜作一书生”,宋代民间则流传“做人莫做军,做铁莫做针”的俗语。
由唐至宋的这种变化A ．是唐朝设置节度使的直接结果B ．与宋朝重文轻武的政策相关C ． 源于唐朝开创科举制选拔人才D ．导致宰相的职权被严重削弱6. 我国当前实行的省制开端于A.夏商的方国B.秦朝的郡县C.唐朝的藩镇D.元朝的行省7.图1是中国某朝代中央政府的组织图,结合所学可判断其形成于 时期A.秦始皇B.明成祖C.康熙帝D.雍正帝8.推行财产等级制,为雅典民主政治奠定基础的政治家是A.梭伦B.克利斯提尼C.伯利克里D.苏格拉底9.公元前5世纪,罗马的《十二铜表法》规定：“期满,债务人不还债的,债权人得拘捕之,押其到长官前,申请执行。
”这体现了该法图1A ．保护财产私有B ．限制贵族权力C ．维护平民利益D ．扩大统治基础10.罗马法体系最终完成的标志是A.习惯法的形成B.《十二铜表法》的制定C.万民法的出现D.《民法大全》的编订11． 标志着英国君主立宪制的确立A ．《大宪章》的签署B ．“光荣革命”的结束C ．《权利法案》的颁布D ．沃波尔成为第一位首相12.美国的1787年宪法充分体现了三权分立原则。
北京市西城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、完形填空A winter storm dropped huge amounts of snow overnight on January 16 in western Pennsylvania. Coach Brian Delallo, who worked on a local high school football team,-that’s our Monday workout. ”The players received the message and went out to work on the more than six inches of snow that fell overnight. They said that they removed 4 from dozens of homes. Some players texted their coach afterwards to tell him how 5 it was. “We all feel great about it, ” said team captain Gavin Moul. “It’s not only helping them, but it’s helping us to become a better team. ”Many of the people whom the team members approached couldn’t believe that the players wouldn’t accept any payment. Sometimes people even 6 their help because they wouldn’t take money for it.Actually, it was not the first time for the team to have shoveling workout. It was started by a coach more than two decades ago. It was one of the many 7 the team kept.“It’s about community. ” the coach said. “It is an inspiring way for us to interact with our community and show that it 8 . Shoveling snow is just one of those opportunities to show appreciation to the community that supports us. ”The team got a workout and gave 9 to the community by doing these acts of kindness at the same time. It was a 10 for all.1．A．try out B．pick up C．go over D．call off 2．A．injury B．weather C．disease D．pressure 3．A．money B．apology C．challenge D．request 4．A．dirt B．water C．snow D．waste 5．A．demanding B．rewarding C．promising D．amusing 6．A．sought B．got C．appreciated D．refused 7．A．goals B．secrets C．traditions D．jobs8．A．matters B．cares C．works D．stays 9．A．off B．up C．in D．back 10．A．way B．win C．must D．lesson二、语法填空阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。
北京市西城区2013 — 2014学年度第一学期期末试卷高一数学 2014.1试卷满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟A 卷 [必修 模块4] 本卷满分：100分一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的. 1．若sin 0<α，且cos 0>α，则角α是（ ） （A ）第一象限的角 （B ）第二象限的角 （C ）第三象限的角（D ）第四象限的角2．已知向量1(1,0)=e ，2(0,1)=e ，那么122|+=|e e （ ）（A ）1（B （C ）2（D 3．若角α的终边经过点(1,2)P -，则tan =α（ ）（A （B ） （C ）2- （D ）12-4．已知正方形ABCD 的边长为1，则AB AC ⋅=（ ）（A （B ）1（C （D ）25．在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，函数2sin()6y x π=-的图象（ ） （A ）关于直线6x π=对称 （B ）关于直线6x π=-对称 （C ）关于点(,0)6π对称（D ）关于点(,0)6π-对称 6．已知非零向量,OA OB 不共线，且13BM BA =，则向量OM =（ ） （A ）1233OA OB +（B ）2133OA OB +（C ）1233OA OB -（D ）1433OA OB -7．已知函数1()cos 22f x x x =+，则()12f π=（ ）（A ）2（B ）2（C ）1（D 8．设a ，b 是两个非零向量，且+=-a b a b ，则a 与b 夹角的大小为（ ） （A ）120︒（B ）90︒（C ）60︒（D ）30︒9．已知函数()sin cos f x x x =ωω在区间[,]63ππ-上单调递增，则正数ω的最大值是（ ） （A ）32（B ）43（C ）34 （D ）2310．已知函数()cos(sin )f x x =，则下列结论中正确的是（ ） （A ）()f x 的定义域是[1,1]- （B ）()f x 的值域是[1,1]- （C ）()f x 是奇函数（D ）()f x 是周期为π的函数二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分. 把答案填在题中横线上. 11. sin()6π-=______.12. 若sin =α，且(0,)∈πα，则α=______. 13. 已知向量(1,3)=a ，(2,)k =-b ．若向量a 与b 共线，则实数k =_____. 14. 若tan 2=α，且32π∈(π,)α，则sin()2π+=α______. 15. 已知向量(cos ,sin )αα=a ，(cos ,sin )ββ=b ．若π,3〈〉=a b ，则c o s ()-=αβ_____. 16. 定义在R 上的非常值函数()f x 同时满足下述两个条件：① 对于任意的x ∈R ，都有2()()3f x f x π+=； ② 对于任意的x ∈R ，都有()()66f x f x ππ-=+.则其解析式可以是()f x =_____.（写出一个满足条件的解析式即可）三、解答题：本大题共3小题，共36分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤.17. （本小题满分12分）已知3tan 4=-α. （Ⅰ）求πtan()4-α的值；（Ⅱ）求2sin 3cos 3sin 2cos --αααα的值.18.（本小题满分12分）已知函数2()sin 22cos2f x x x x =⋅． （Ⅰ）求()f x 的最小正周期；（Ⅱ）若[,]84x ππ∈，求()f x 的最大值与最小值．19.（本小题满分12分）如图，正六边形ABCDEF 的边长为1.,M N 分别是,BC DE 上的动点，且满足BM DN =.（Ⅰ）若,M N 分别是,BC DE 的中点，求AM AN ⋅的值； （Ⅱ）求AM AN ⋅的取值范围.B 卷 [学期综合] 本卷满分：50分一、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分.把答案填在题中横线上. 1. 已知集合2{|430}A x x x =-+>，{|02}B x x =<≤，那么A B =_____.2. 已知2log 3a =，32b=，21log 3c =.将,,a b c 按从小到大排列为_____. 3. 若函数2()2f x x x =-在区间(,)a +∞上是增函数，则a 的取值范围是_____. 4. 函数12()|21|xf x x =--的零点个数为_____.5. 给定数集A .若对于任意,a b A ∈，有a b A +∈，且a b A -∈，则称集合A 为闭集合.给出如下四个结论：① 集合{4,2,0,2,4}A =--为闭集合； ② 集合{|3,}A n n k k ==∈Z 为闭集合； ③ 若集合12,A A 为闭集合，则12AA 为闭集合；④ 若集合12,A A 为闭集合，且1A R Ø，2A R Ø，则存在c ∈R ，使得12()c A A ∉.其中，全部正确结论的序号是_____.二、解答题：本大题共3小题，共30分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤. 6.（本小题满分10分）已知函数()log (2)1a f x x =+-，其中1a >.（Ⅰ）若()f x 在[0,1]上的最大值与最小值互为相反数，求a 的值； （Ⅱ）若()f x 的图象不经过第二象限，求a 的取值范围.7.（本小题满分10分）已知函数()|2|f x x x =-. （Ⅰ）解不等式()3f x <；（Ⅱ）设0a >，求()f x 在区间[0,]a 上的最大值.8.（本小题满分10分）设函数()f x ，()g x 的定义域分别为f g D D ，，且f g D D Ø.若对于任意f x D ∈，都有()()g x f x =，则称()g x 为()f x 在g D 上的一个延拓函数.给定2() 1 (01)f x x x =-<≤.（Ⅰ）若()h x 是()f x 在[1,1]-上的延拓函数，且()h x 为奇函数，求()h x 的解析式； （Ⅱ）设()g x 为()f x 在(0,)+∞上的任意一个延拓函数，且()g x y x=是(0,)+∞上的单调函数.（ⅰ）判断函数()g x y x=在(0,1]上的单调性，并加以证明； （ⅱ）设0s >，0t >，证明：()()()g s t g s g t +>+.北京市西城区2013 —2014学年度第一学期期末试卷一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分.1.D；2.D；3.C；4.B；5.C；6.A；7.A；8.B；9.C；10.D.二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分.11.12-；12.3π，或32π；13.6-；14.5-；15.12；16.sin3x等（答案不唯一）.注：12题，得出一个正确的结论得2分.三、解答题：本大题共3小题，共36分.17.（Ⅰ）解：因为3 tan4=-α，所以πtan tanπ4tan()π41tan tan4--=+⋅ααα【3分】7=-. 【6分】（Ⅱ）解：因为3 tan4=-α，所以2sin3cos2tan33sin2cos3tan2--=--αααααα【9分】1817=. 【12分】18.（Ⅰ）解：1cos4()2cos22xf x x x-=⋅1cos4422xx-=+【2分】1sin(4)62xπ=-+．【4分】因为242Tππ==，所以()f x的最小正周期是2π．【6分】（Ⅱ）解：由（Ⅰ）得，1 ()sin(4)62f x xπ=-+．因为84x ππ≤≤， 所以 54366x πππ≤-≤， 【 8分】 所以 1sin(4)126x π≤-≤， 【 9分】所以 131sin(4)622x π≤-+≤． 【10分】所以，当6x π=时，()f x 取得最大值32；当4x π=时，()f x 取得最小值1．【12分】19.（本小题满分12分）（Ⅰ）解：如图，以AB 所在直线为x 轴，以A 为坐标原点建立平面直角坐标系. 【 1分】因为ABCDEF 是边长为1的正六边形，且,M N 分别是,BC DE 的中点，所以 5(,)44M ，1(2N ， 【 3分】所以 5311848AM AN ⋅=+=. 【 4分】 （Ⅱ）解：设BM DN t ==，则[0,1]t ∈.【 5分】所以(1,)22t M +，(1N t -. 【 7分】 所以3(1)(1)22t AM AN t t ⋅=+⋅-+2112t t ++=-213(1)22t =--+ 【10分】 当0t =时，AM AN ⋅取得最小值1； 【11分】 当1t =时，AM AN ⋅取得最大值32. 【12分】一、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分.1.{|01}x x <<；2.c b a <<；3. [1,)+∞；4. 2；5.②④. 注：5题，选出一个正确的序号得2分，有错选不给分.6.（Ⅰ）解：函数()log (2)1a f x x =+-的定义域是(2,)-+∞. 【 1分】因为 1a >，所以 ()log (2)1a f x x =+-是[0,1]上的增函数. 【 2分】 所以 ()f x 在[0,1]上的最大值是(1)log 31a f =-；最小值是(0)log 21a f =-.【 4分】 依题意，得 log 31(log 21)a a -=--， 【 5分】 解得a =【 6分】 （Ⅱ）解：由（Ⅰ）知，()log (2)1a f x x =+-是(2,)-+∞上的增函数. 【 7分】在()f x 的解析式中，令0x =，得(0)log 21a f =-， 所以，()f x 的图象与y 轴交于点(0,log 21)a -. 【 8分】 依题意，得(0)log 210a f =-≤， 【 9分】 解得 2a ≥. 【10分】 7.（Ⅰ）解：原不等式可化为22230x x x ≥⎧⎨--<⎩，，（1） 或22230.x x x <⎧⎨-+>⎩，（2） 【 1分】解不等式组（1），得 23x ≤<；解不等式组（2），得2x <. 【 3分】 所以原不等式的解集为{|3}x x <. 【 4分】（Ⅱ）解：222,2,()|2|2, 2.x x x f x x x x x x ⎧-≥⎪=-=⎨-+<⎪⎩ 【 5分】① 当01a <<时，()f x 是[0,]a 上的增函数，此时()f x 在[0,]a 上的最大值是2()2f a a a =-+. 【 6分】② 当12a ≤≤时，()f x 在[0,1]上是增函数，在[1,]a 上是减函数，此时()f x 在[0,]a 上的最大值是(1)1f =. 【 7分】③ 当2a >时，令()(1)(2)10f a f a a -=-->，解得1a >. 所以，当21a <≤此时()(1)f a f ≤，()f x 在[0,]a 上的最大值是(1)1f =；当1a >此时()(1)f a f >，()f x 在[0,]a 上的最大值是2()2f a a a =-.【 9分】记()f x 在区间[0,]a 上的最大值为()g a ，所以222,01,()1,112,1a a a g a a a a a ⎧-+<<⎪⎪=≤≤+⎨⎪->+⎪⎩ 【10分】8.（Ⅰ）解：当0x =时，由()h x 为奇函数，得(0)0h =. 【 1分】任取[10)x ∈-，，则(01]x -∈，， 由()h x 为奇函数，得22()()[()1]1h x h x x x =--=---=-+， 【 2分】所以()h x 的解析式为221,01,()0,0,1,10.x x h x x x x ⎧-<≤⎪==⎨⎪-+-≤<⎩【 3分】（Ⅱ）解：（ⅰ）函数()g x y x=是(0,1]上的增函数. 【 4分】证明如下：因为()g x 为()f x 在(0,)+∞上的一个延拓函数，所以当(01]x ∈，时，2()()1g x f x x ==-. 记()()1()g x f x k x x x x x===-，其中(0,1]x ∈. 任取12,(0,1]x x ∈，且12x x <，则210x x x ∆=->， 因为211221212112()(1)11()()()0x x x x y k x k x x x x x x x -+∆=-=---=>， 所以函数()g x y x=是(0,1]上的增函数. 【 6分】 （ⅱ）由()g x y x = 是(0,)+∞上的单调函数，且(0,1]x ∈时，()g x y x =是增函数，从而得到函数()g x y x= 是(0,)+∞上的增函数. 【 7分】因为 0s >，0t >， 所以 s t s +>，s t t +>， 所以()()g s t g s s t s+>+， 即 ()()()s g s t s t g s ⋅+>+⋅. 【 8分】 同理可得：()()()t g s t s t g t ⋅+>+⋅.将上述两个不等式相加，并除以s t +，即得 ()()()g s t g s g t +>+. 【10分】。
北京市西城区2017 - 2018学年度第二学期期末考试高一数学试卷北京市西城区2017-2018学年度第二学期期末试卷高一数学2018.7 A卷 [立体几何初步与解析几何初步] 本卷满分：100分一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。
1.已知点 M(-1,2)，N(3,0)，则点 M 到点 N 的距离为（）。
A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 2√52.直线 x-y-3=0 的倾斜角为（）。
A) 45 (B) 60 (C) 120 (D) 1353.直线 y=2x-2 与直线 l 关于 y 轴对称，则直线 l 的方程为（）。
A) y=-2x+2 (B) y=-2x-2 (C) y=2x+2 (D) y=1/x-14.已知圆 M: x^2+y^2=1 与圆 N: (x-2)^2+y^2=9，则两圆的位置关系是（）。
A) 相交 (B) 相离 (C) 内切 (D) 外切5.设m,n 为两条不重合的直线，α,β 为两个不重合的平面，m,n 既不在α 内，也不在β 内。
则下列结论正确的是（）。
A) 若m//α，n//α，则 m//n。
B) 若 m//n，n//α，则m//α。
C) 若 m⊥α，n⊥α，则 m⊥n。
D) 若 m⊥α，m⊥β，则α⊥β。
6.若方程 x^2+y^2-4x+2y+5k=0 表示圆，则实数 k 的取值范围是（）。
A) (-∞,1) (B) (-∞,1] (C) [1,+∞) (D) R7.圆柱的侧面展开图是一个边长为 2 的正方形，那么这个圆柱的体积是（）。
A) π (B) π/2 (C) 2π (D) π/28.方程 x=1-y^2 表示的图形是（）。
A) 两个半圆 (B) 两个圆 (C) 圆 (D) 半圆9.如图，四棱锥 P-ABCD 的底面 ABCD 是梯形，XXX。
若平面 PAD 平面 PBC∥l，则（）。
北京市西城区（北区上学期⾼⼀英语期末考试北京市西城区（北区）上学期⾼⼀年级期末考试英语试卷试卷满分：150分考试时间：120分钟A卷［必修模块1］满分100分第⼀部分I ?听⼒理解（共三节，满分20分）第⼀节（共4⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分6分）听下⾯四段对话，每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话你将听两遍。
1. What are the speakers going to do?A. To spe nd the weeke nd together.B. To shop for a nice gift.C. To see a frie nd.2. What does the man want to do?A. To keep a book.B. To order a book.3. How does the man feel about the meeti ng?A. In terest ing.B. Too long.4. What ' s the poseibeiati on ship betwee n the speakers?A. Doctor and patie nt.B. Frie nds.C. To buy a book. C. Useless.C. Guest and waiter.第⼆节（共6⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分9分）听下⾯三段对话，每段对话后有两个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5⾄6题。
5. How long will the woma n stay in Europe?A. A week.B. Three mon ths.6. Why will the woma n keep her apartme nt?A. It ' s close to downtown.B. It ' s a good one.C. Six mon ths.C. It ' s cheap.听第6段材料，回答第7⾄8题。
北京市西城区2017届高三上学期期末考试英语试题本试卷共11页，共150分。
考试时长120分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaper.B. A magazine.C. A book.答案是A。
1. Where are the two speakers?A. At the cinema.B. At the airport.C. At the gym.2. What does the man do?A. A secretary.B. A manager.C. A driver.3. What’s the woman’s problem?A. The man fails to help her.B. Her partner is absent today.C. The experiment is hard for her.4. Why doesn’t the man want to go to the English corner?A. He is not free on Sunday.B. He doesn’t want to meet the people there.C. He is afraid of speaking English in public.5. What made the woman upset?A. She was laughed at by her neighbor.B. She was worried about her neighbor.C. She was misunderstood by her neighbor.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白。
2005年全国卷I高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷1、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第21题1分2005年高考真题全国卷I—Can I speak to Mr. Wang, please?—.A. Who are you?B. I'm WangC. SpeakingD. Are you john?2、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第22题1分No one helped me. I did it all myself.A. forB. byC. fromD. to3、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第23题1分2015~2016学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高一下学期期中语法单选第46题1分Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that4、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第25题1分2005年高考真题全国卷II have many friends,some are businessmen.A. of themB. from whichC. who ofD. of whom5、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷IWe haven't enough books for; some of you will have to share.A. somebodyB. anybodyC. everybodyD. nobody6、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I2005年高考真题全国卷I第26题1分2018~2019学年3月上海普陀区上海市曹杨第二中学高一下学期月考第8题2015~2016学年北京房山区北京燕山石油化工公司北师大燕化附中高二上学期期中第8题Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this!A. wouldn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. may not7、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第27题1分2018~2019学年12月黑龙江哈尔滨香坊区哈尔滨市第六中学高一上学期月考第7题1分They wanted to charge $ 5, 000 for the car,we managed to bring the price down.A. butB. soC. whenD. since8、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I2005年高考真题全国卷I第28题1分2008~2009学年北京高一上学期期中---What would you do if it tomorrow ?---We have to carry it on , since we've got everything ready.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining9、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第29题1分My parents will move back into town in a year or.A. laterB. afterC. soD. about10、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I2005年高考真题全国卷I第30题1分2015~2016学年北京房山区北京燕山石油化工公司北师大燕化附中高二上学期期中第5题It wasn't until nearly a month later I received the manager's reply.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. that11、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I2005年高考真题全国卷I第31题1分—Oh dear! I've just broken a window.—. It can't be helped.A. Never mindB. All rightC. That's fineD. Not at all12、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第32题1分2005年高考真题全国卷I2017~2018学年北京西城区北京师范大学附属实验中学高二上学期期末第30题1分The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.A. causedB. to have causedC. to causeD. having caused13、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I2005年高考真题全国卷I第33题1分2017~2018学年广东深圳罗湖区高一下学期期末第30题1分The hero's story differently in the newspapers.A. was reportedB. was reportingC. reportsD. reported14、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第34题1分2005年高考真题全国卷IThe coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I before.A. was havingB. haveC. have ever hadD. had ever had15、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第35题1分2005年高考真题全国卷IThe chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A. thatB. itC. thisD. him一、完形填空（每小题1.5分，共30分）16、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第36~55题30分(每题1.5分)2016~2017学年陕西延安黄陵县黄陵县中学高一下学期期末普通班第31~50题30分(每题1.5分)One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I1that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction,2he knew me. The man had anewspaper3in front of him, which he was4to read, but I could5that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought my6, the man was clearly puzzled bythe7way in which the waiter and I8each other. He seemed even more puzzled as9went on and itbecame10that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the11.When he came out, he paid his billand12without another glance in my direction.I called the owner of the rstaurant and asked what the man had13."Well, "he said, "that man was a detective. He14you here because he thought you were the man he15.""What? "I said, showingmy16.The owner continued, "He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I17say he looked very much like you! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had made a18.""Well, it'sreally19I came to a restaurant where I'm known, "Isaid."20, I might have been in trouble."A. knewB. understoodC. noticedD. recognizedA. sinceB. even ifC. thoughD. as ifA. flatB. openC. cutD. fixedA. hopingB. thinkingC. pretendingD. continuingA. seeB. findC. guessD. learnA. menuB. billC. paperD. foodA. directB. familiarC. strangeD. funnyA. chatted withB. looked atC. laughed atD. talked aboutA. the waiterB. timeC. ID. the dinnerA. trueB. hopefulC. clearD. possibleA. restaurantB. washroomC. officeD. kitchenA. leftB. actedC. sat downD. calmed downA. wantedB. triedC. orderedD. wishedA. metB. caughtC. followedD. discoveredA. was to beatB. was dealing withC. was to meetD. was looking forA. careB. surpriseC. worryD. regretA. mustB. canC. needD. mayA. discoveryB. mistakeC. decisionD. fortuneA. a pityB. naturalC. a chanceD. luckyA. ThusB. HoweverC. OtherwiseD. Therefore二、阅读理解（每小题2分，共40分）17、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I（A篇）第56~58题6分(每题2分)Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work, a move scientists say can be good for productivity, workplace morale（士气）, and the well-being of animals.A study found that 25% of Australian women would like to keep an office pet. Sue Chaseling of Petcare Information Service said the practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets. "On the pets' side, they are not left on their own and won't feel lonely and unhappy, " she said. A study of major US companies showed that 73% found office pets beneficial（有益的）, while 27% experienced drop in absenteeism（缺勤）.Xarni Riggs has two cats walking around her Global Hair Salon in Paddington. "My customers love them. They are their favorites, " she said. "They are not troublesome. They know when to go and have a sleep in the sun."Little black BJ has spent nearly all his two years "working" at Punch Gallery in Balmain. Owner Iain Powell said he had had cats at the gallery for 15 years. "BJ often lies in the shop window and people walking past tap on the glass, " he said.Ms. Chaseling said cats were popular in service industries because they enabled a point of conversation. But she said owners had to make sure both their co-workers and the cats were comfortable.(1) The percentage of American companies that are in favor of keeping office petsis.A. 73%B. 27%C. 25%D. 15%(2) We know from the text that "BJ".A. works in the Global Hair SalonB. often greets the passers-byC. likes to sleep in the sunD. is a two- year-old cat(3) The best title for this text would be.A. Pets Help Attract CustomersB. Your Favorite Office PetsC. Pets Join the WorkforceD. Busy Life for pets18、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I（B篇）第59~62题8分(每题2分)2020~2021学年10月广东广州越秀区广州大学附属中学高一上学期月考第34~37题8分(每题2分)MONTREAL（Reuters）—Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen＄10 000 for breaking Washingtons strict new security（安全）rules.The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church. There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5, 530-mile border between Canada and the US — which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings.As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this area is closed on Sundays, so he just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later, Albert was told to go to the customs office, where an officer told him he had been caught on camera crossing the border illegally（非法）.Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile TAL#NBSP detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint.Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attendeda Sunday church since. "I feel like I, m living in a prison, " he said.(1) We learn from the text that Richard Albert is.A. an American living in Township 15B. a Canadian living in a Quebec villageC. a Canadian working in a customs stationD. an American working in a Canadian church(2) Albert was fined because he.A. failed to obey traffic rulesB. broke the American security rulesC. worked in St. Pamphile without a passD. damaged the gate of the customs office(3) The underlined word "detour" in paragraph 5 means.A. a drive through the townB. a race across the fieldsC. a round about way of travellingD. a journey in the mountain area(4) What would be the best title for the text?A. A Cross-country TripB. A Special Border PassC. An Unguarded BorderD. An Expensive Church Visit19、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I（C篇）第63~65题6分(每题2分)2017~2018学年辽宁沈阳沈河区沈阳市第二中学高一下学期开学考试（寒假验收）（A篇）第21~23题6分Welcome to Adventureland!Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore, enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?The Travel PavilionExplore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.Visit the Amazon jungle（丛林） village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing…The Future TowerThis exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we'll be living then. Spend some time in our space station and climb into our simulator（模拟装置） for the Journey to Mars!The Nature ParkThis is not really one park but several.In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers: see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see…The PyramidThis is the center of Adventureland: Need some postcards and stamps? For these things and many more, visit our underground shopping center. Come here for information and ideas too.(1) The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors.A. realize the importance of travelingB. become familiar with mountain countriesC. learn how to make things such as fishing netsD. learn something about different places in the world(2) If you are interested in knowing about what people's life will be, you mayvisit.A. the Travel PavilionB. the Future TowerC. the Safari ParkD. the Pyramid(3) If you want to get a toy lion to take home, where will you most likely go?A. The Pyramid.B. The Nature Park.C. The Future Tower.D. The Travel Pavilion.20、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I（D篇）第66~70题10分(每题2分)2014~2015学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高一下学期期中（C篇）第26~30题10分As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.Lewis and his co-worker carried out their study by videotaping（录像）the families while they are having ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents' efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. "In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children's IQ scores, " Lewis says. "And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is."The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings（兄弟姐妹）. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. "Middle children are invisible," says Lewis. When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are for the middle child. "There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention, "When the TV is on, " Lewis says, "dinner is a non-event" .(1) The writer's purpose in writing the text is to.A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems(2) Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because.A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family(3) By saying"Middle children are invisible"in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children.A. get the least attention from the familyB. have to help their parents to serve dinnerC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children(4) Lewis'research provides an answer to the question.A. why TV is important in family lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life(5) Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?A. It is important to have the right food for children.B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner.21、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I（E篇）第71~75题10分(每题2分)"Soon, you're going to have to move out!" cried my neighbor upon seeing the largest tomato plant known to mankind, or at least known in my neighborhood.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for ＄1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.Roses require a good deal of care, and if it weren't for the pleasure they give, it wouldn't be worth the work. As it is, I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year. Bushes must be pruned （剪枝）in early spring, leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears few weeks later. It was the space available（可用的）in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant. A big mistake.Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing（施肥）have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves.Now the task I face in harvesting the fruit is twofold: First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head, and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw（缩回）my full fist without dropping TAL#NBSP the prize so dearly won. I found two full-blown white roses completely hidden as I picked tomatoes in June, but they were weak and the leaves already yellow for lack of light.Here I am faced with a painful small decision: To tear up a wonderful and productive tomato plant that offers up between ten and twenty ripe sweet tomatoes each day or say goodbye to several expensive and treasured roses. Like Scarlett in Gone With the Wind I'll think about that tomorrow.(1) What are the requirements for the healthy growth roses?A. A lot of care and the right soil.B. Frequent pruning and fertilizing.C. Tomato plants grown alongside.D. Cages placed around the roots.(2) The writer planted the tomato because.A. it cost only ＄1.25B. the soil was just right for itC. there was room for it in the gardenD. the roses' branches needed to be covered(3) This year the writer's roses were.A. removed from the rose bedB. picked along with the tomatoesC. mostly damaged by too much sunlightD. largely hidden under the tomato plant(4) By saying "the prize so dearly won" in paragraph 5, the writer wants to.A. show the difficulty in picking the tomatoesB. show the hardship of growing the rosesC. express her liking for the rosesD. express her care for the tomatoes(5) In the situation described in the text, one good thing is that.A. the roses cost the writer little moneyB. the writer has a daily harvest of tomatoesC. someone will help the writer make the decisionD. the writer can now enjoy both the roses and tomatoes三、短文改错（每小题1分，共10分）22、【来源】 2005年高考真题全国卷I第76~85题10分(每题1分)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
2016—2017学年高一上学期期末英语试卷(含听力)第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话前，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the woman travel?A. By planeB. By carC. By train2. What do we know about Ann?A. She loves all kinds of musicB. She enjoys rock musicC. She likes classic music3. Where did the conversation most probably take place?A. In a liftB. In an officeC. On a bus4. How much will the woman pay?A. $20B. $18C. $85. What did the girl do on Sunday evening?A. She studied a littleB. She took an evening walkC. She enjoyed a movie 第二节(共15小题；每小题1．5分，) 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有一个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话或独白前，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Where did the woman hear about the weather information?A. From the radio.B. From the woman’s friendC. On the Internet7. What is the man going to do tomorrow?A. To give up the planB. To put off the planC. To go as planned听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
2021-2022学年北京市西城区高一下学期期末考试英语试卷1. A man in California survived a five-hour night swim, thanks to the _________ of a friendly seal. Scott Thompson, a boater from Southern California, was out on his boat. After realizing the weather wasn’t favorable, he turned the boat back towards land.Soon after, something _________ happened. The boat was rocked by the wavy water and Scott got _________ out of the boat. The engines continued to run, moving the boat farther and farther away from him, which made it _________ to swim back to it. He watched his boat _________ in the middle of the icy Santa Barbara Channel.Lost at sea, with no land in _________, Thompson was sure these were his _________ moments on earth. However, thoughts of his family helped him find the _________ to survive. “Just keep_________, and you will get home to your family,” Thompson kept telling himself. “Just imagining my girls and my son growing up without me, and my wife not having a husband to support her, I couldn’t __________.All of a sudden, he heard a big splash (拍水声). It was a medium-sized harbor seal that Thompson described as “an angel” that came to help him. “The seal would come up and __________ me, like a dog co mes up and pushes your leg.” Thompson said. It was a sense of __________, Thompson recalled, knowing that he wasn’t alone on this heroic journey.Being pushed along by the seal, Thompson felt __________ to swim to the nearest oil platform, which was far but closer than land. With the __________ of the seal, he swam through the dark, freezing water for five hours, until he managed to reach an oil platform. People aboard the oil platform offered aid. They rushed him to a hospital where Thompson was treated and recovered a few days later.While the thought of his __________ motivated him to keep going, Thompson said that he would not have endured through the pain if it hadn’t been for the seal swimming alongside him.1.A．recognition B．encouragement C．respect D．trust2.A．unexpected B．common C．confusing D．funny3.A．kicked B．locked C．chased D．knocked4.A．easy B．unnecessary C．impossible D．safe5.A．disappear B．stop C．ground D．sink6.A．space B．mind C．line D．sight7.A．spare B．final C．exciting D．private8.A．tool B．way C．will D．skill9.A．swimming B．calling C．watching D．practicing10.A．break in B．show up C．slow down D．give up11.A．greet B．push C．lift D．take12.A．duty B．hope C．curiosity D．wonder13.A．determined B．satisfied C．honored D．amused14.A．task B．cost C．company D．arrival15.A．pets B．friends C．family D．boat2. Summertime, i.e. vacation season, is quickly approaching. And whether your ideal getaway isR&R on the beach, outdoor adventuring, or exploring a new city, it pays to plan.I’d love to get away. How do I save for a vacation?You’re not alone. One study says 71% of Americans are planning to take a trip for leisure in 2022. And they’re planning on spending 29% more than they did pre-pandemic in 2019. But you don’t have to go broke (身无分文) to get a break. Before you even start planning your travel, here’s how to make the trip you’ve been waiting for a reality.● Make a sinking fund. These funds are where you set aside money with an intention to spend it ona big goal.● Timing is everything. Research the cheapest places to go when the temperature rises, and plan accordingly. You’ll also get more bang for your buck by checking out destinations with a favorable exchange rate. For somewhere further east, your dollars will go far in Thailand or the Philippines.● Book smart. Renting a home is often a better deal than booking a hotel. Not only will you save on the price tag, but you can cook instead of eating out for every meal.How do I keep saving while I’m on va cation?True story: travel doesn’t feel like real life, so it’s easier to splurge (挥霍). And if you’re visiting a popular tourist location, everything costs more. Here’s how to see the sights without losing sight of your budget.● Set a daily spending limit and track what you buy to avoid overdoing it. Using cash or a prepaid debit card instead of a credit card can also help.● Food is a money vampire. If you have access to a kitchen where you’re staying, make breakfast, pack lunch, and cook dinner when you can. If not, hit up a supermarket or farmer’s market for an easy, cheap breakfast. And when you do eat out, go for lunch or appetizers, where the menu items tend to be less expensive.1. According to the passage, which of the following may help make your dream trip a reality?A．Preparing enough fast food. B．Borrowing money from friends.C．Researching the cheapest places to go. D．Carrying credit cards from differentbanks.2. To keep saving while on vacation, you’d better ________.A．go out for meals B．avoid using cashC．set a daily spending limit D．visit popular tourist locations3. What’s the purpose of the passage?A．To help travellers save money. B．To report some survey results.C．To advertise some tourist attractions. D．To compare different travel plans.3. Rhiannon Menn is the founder of Lasagna Love, a global nonprofit that connects neighbors through homemade meal delivery. In March 2020, her San Diego community shut down because of the pandemic. She and her husband own a design and build company, but their projects were put on hold. Rhiannon felt helpless and wondered what she could do to be useful. It didn’t take her long to decide.“Cooking is my happy place,” she says. She ordered groceries online and got to work. She and her daughter, Ci morene, then three, made extra pans of lasagna, and Rhiannon posted in a local moms’ group on Facebook, offering to drop off a free home-cooked meal to anyone who wanted one. Some people requested a meal. Even more wanted to help Rhiannon feed those who were struggling. Rhiannon created a spreadsheet for each volunteer, matching them with families who’d requested a meal. Word of what she was doing spread quickly on social media. “By summer, we had more than 100 volunteer chefs,” she says. Too many for one p erson to track. Someone offered to create an online portal (门户网站) to manage the volunteers and meal requests. This automated system freed Rhiannon to do what she really loves: cook and reach people in need.For Rhiannon, lasagna is the best comfort food. But it’s about more than just food. “Our volunteers deliver a sense of hope with the meal,” she says. “We want people to know that a stranger cared enough about them to make them a meal. Kindness is contagious (传染性的), and it can transform communities.”Lasagna Love currently has 25,000 volunteers—or Lasagna Chefs, as they’re called—across the United States, Canada and Australia, who have delivered more than 150,000 meals to families in their communities. “This movement has given me purpose in a way I didn’t have before,” Rhiannon says.In her home, cooking is a family event. Cimorene, now five, has gotten good at layering the noodles. Rhiannon also has a three-year-old son and an 11-month-old baby boy. “I love that my kids are learning the importance of help ing others,” she says.Volunteer chefs log in to the portal and input how many meals they’d like to deliver that week. The system matches them with nearby families requesting a meal, and the volunteer texts the family to set up a delivery time. The meals are dropped off on doorsteps for contact-free delivery.The organization is called Lasagna Love, but volunteers can deliver any home-cooked meal they’d like. Rhiannon’s recipe is her own take on lasagna, made healthier with grated zucchini and yellow squash. “I’ve shared my recipe, but volunteers are welcome to use their own recipes for any dishes they’d like to make,” she says.1. Why did Rhiannon start Lasagna Love?A．To help struggling neighbors. B．To fight against the pandemic.C．To help their design and build company. D．To improve her neighbors’ cooking skills.2. What can we know about the volunteers in Lasagna Love?A．They are trained by experienced chefs.B．They deliver their own meals to people in need.C．They search for families in need by themselves.D．They all follow Rhiannon’s recipe to make lasagna.3. We can infer from the passage that Rhiannon ________.A．had no purpose in life beforeB．is too busy to deliver meals nowC．likes posting her meals on social mediaD．has set a good example for her children4. Which of the following words best describe Rhiannon?A．Helpful and humorous. B．Honest and successful.C．Kind-hearted and generous. D．Hardworking and ambitious.4. Horseshoe crabs are often called living fossils. These primitive arthropods have lived on earth for 360 million years, largely in the same form as they appear today. Despite their long history, the horseshoe crab’s existence is now threatened by human activities, including harvesting for medical research.Any time a foreign object or substance enters the human body, there’s a risk of introducing infection. If you’ve had a vaccination, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device implanted in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab.Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood that appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crab’s blood cells are released in response to even the smallest amount of bacterial endotoxin (内毒素), such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system.In the 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation (凝固) factors to test for contamination (污染) of medical devices. By the 1970s, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially to make sure everything from scalpels (手术刀) to artificial hips (髋关节) is safe for introduction in the human body.While such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice takes a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs aren’t killed outright in the process; they’re caught, bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs dying once back in the water. Fortunately, management practices are in place now to protect the species.In addition to their value in medical research, horseshoe crabs fill important ecological roles. Their smooth, wide shells provide the perfect substrate (基质) for many other marine organisms to live on. As it moves along the ocean’s bottom, a horseshoe crab may be carrying mussels, barn acles, tube worms, sea lettuce, sponges, and even oysters. Horseshoe crabs deposit their eggs by the thousands along sandy shorelines, and many migratory shorebirds, including red knots, rely on these eggs as a source of fuel during their long flights.1. What feature of horseshoe crabs helps save lives?A．They can improve their immune system. B．Their blood is sensitive to bacteria.C．They have copper-rich blood cells. D．Their blood is striking blue.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase “take a toll on” in Paragraph 5?A．Make use of. B．Do harm to. C．Run out of. D．Contribute to.3. How are the ecological roles of horseshoe crabs explained in the last paragraph?A．By giving examples. B．By making a comparison.C．By quoting experts. D．By offering a definition.4. On which type of website can we possibly read this passage?A．Science. B．Travel. C．Business. D．Life.5. Chemists have spent the past century trying to make plastics that will break down in seawater. As it is, most plastics appear to take centuries to fully degrade in the ocean. But that may change. Scientists have just designed a new plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks, not decades or more.Back in the 1930s, scientists created a now-popular plastic out of corn and potato starch (淀粉). It’s known as polylactide, or PLA. It’s a polymer (聚合物), which is a molecule made by linking many building blocks — called monomers — into a long string. Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment. And in some places, like compost pits (堆肥坑), it does. But not in seawater. Even after three years in ocean water, PLA remains largely unchanged.Timo Rheinberger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. His work onpol ymers has focused on boosting PLA’s breakdown. As part of that work, he became part of a team that just added some RNA-inspired breaking points to PLA. They put those breaking points in places where monomers in the PLA molecules are linked.They weakened t he links that joined up to 15 percent of a PLA’s monomers. Then, they soaked their samples in artificial seawater and measured how fast these tweaked versions of PLA broke down. The expected final product of PLA’s breakdown was a small molecule called lact ic acid. So, they tested for that too.As the team had hoped, seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers, splitting the polymer chain apart. The more breaking points the researchers added to the polymer, the faster the PLA broke down.When they weakened 15 percent of PLA’s monomer links, the polymer broke down entirely within just two weeks. When they weakened only 3 percent of the links, the breakdown took about 2 years. This suggests the team can design how quickly PLA will break down in water by adjusting how many weakened links it has.Mehlika Karamanlioglu teaches biomedical engineering at Istanbul Gelisim University. She, too, has studied environmental breakdown of PLA. “It’s a new approach,” she says of the Dutch technique. Theirs is also “a preliminary study,” Karamanlioglu says. So, more testing must follow. Scientists want to know how the strength of the new PLA compares to old PLA.Rheinberger agrees. “You need a lot of material to start those studies,” he adds. And so far, his team has made only small amounts of the modified PLA.Karamanlioglu notes the Dutch team also tested the breakdown of its PLA in artificial seawater. “I wonder if they checked [the water] for pollution,” she adds. If there were microbes (微生物), those microbes may ha ve produced molecules called enzymes that sped up the PLA’s degradation.1. What can we learn about PLA from the passage?A．Lactic acid prevents the breakdown of PLA.B．PLA breaks down faster in artificial seawater.C．PLA’s breakdown relies on that of monomers.D．Compost pits are the best places for PLA’s breakdown.2. What does the underlined word “preliminary” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?A．Systematic. B．Comparative. C．In-depth. D．Early-stage.3. What is Mehlika’s attitude towards the findings of the Dutch team?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Cautious.4. What can be learned from the last three paragraphs?A．Mehlika is confident about the application of the new PLA.B．The cleanness of water also affects the breakdown of PLA.C．The new PLA has better strength than the old PLA.D．The new PLA have been produced in large amounts.6. 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子,每个单词只能用一次。
北京市西城区2017-2018学年上学期初中八年级期末考试英语试卷2018. 1 试卷卷面共90分，口试10分，合计100分。
听力理解（共20分）一、听对话，根据对话的内容，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
每段对话你将听两遍。
（共12分，每小题1. 5分）请听一段对话，完成第1至第2小题。
1. Which season in Beijing is Daming's favorite?A. Spring.B. Summer.C. Winter.2. What does Betty like doing when it's windy?A. Flying a kite.B. Eating ice-cream.C. Going swimming.请听一段对话，完成第3至第4小题。
3. Where are the two speakers?A. At an underground station.B. At a bus stop.C. In a car.4. How will they go to work tomorrow?A. On foot.B. By car.C. By underground.请听一段对话，完成第5至第6小题。
5. What does the girl think of Beijing Opera?A. The music is very nice.B. It's very hard to understand.C. The actors and actresses are beautiful.6. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their weekend plan.B. A greatest artist.C. A famous theatre.请听一段对话，完成第7至第8小题。
2017-2018学年高一英语上学期期末考试试题汉(考试时间:2小时满分:100分)第I卷选择题(满分60分)阅读理解（共20小题,每题2分，满分40分）第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。
AWhen you walk along a street in a big city in the United States , you may see clocks in most stores. Radio announcers give t he correct time during the day. People there think that it is imp ortant to know the time. Most Americans have watches. They want to do certain things at certain times. They do not want to be late.Not all people all over the world value time. Suppose you visi t a certain country in South America. You would find that peop le living there do not like to rush. If you had an appointment (约会)with someone, he would probably be late. He would not care for arriving on time. In some countries in South America, ev en the radio programs may not begin right on time, nor do the radio announcers think it important to announce the right time. Many people regard a clock as a machine. It seems to them t hat a person who does everything on time is controlled by a m achine. They do not want a clock or any machine to have that much power over their lives.1. There are clocks in most stores in the US cities because __ ____.A. people in the stores want to sell these clocksB. people think it important to know the timeC. bosses want to make their stores beautifulD. they needn't wear watches when they are away from hom e2. The underlined word "rush" in the passage most probably means ______.A. “run”B. “walk”C.“hurry”D. “move”3. If you had an appointment with someone in some place in South America, he might not arrive on time, and this is becau se ______.A. he didn't have a watch with himB. he forgot to have a look at a watch or a clockC. he didn't like an appointment with someoneD. he didn't think it important to arrive on time4. In some countries in South America ______.A. the radio announcers do think it important to announce th e exact timeB. the radio programs may start a bit early or lateC. most people do not want to be controlled by othersD. many people think a clock has much power5.which statement is not true?A. The radio announcers in South America always announce t he right time.B. You can see clocks in many stores in USA.C.All the people in the world don’t value the time.D. Most Americans own watches.BFitzgerald, a very wealthy English man, had only one child, a son, who naturally was the apple of his eye. His wife died whe n the child was in his early teens. So Fitzgerald devoted hims elf to fathering the kid. Unluckily the son died in his late teens. Meanwhile, Fitzgerald's wealth was increasing all the time. He spent a lot on art works of the masters. Later Fitzgerald hims elf became seriously ill. Before his death, he had carefully pre pared his will as to how his wealth would be settled——to sell his entire collection at an auction(拍卖）.Because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection , a huge crowd of possible buyers gathered for the auction. M any of them were museum directors and private collectors ea ger to bid（出价）. Before the auction, the art works were shown, among w hich was a painting of Fitzgerald's son by an unknown artist. Because of its poor quality, it received little attention.When it was time for the auction, the auctioneer gaveled（敲槌）the crowd to attention. First the lawyer read from Fitzgerald's will that the first art work to be auctioned was the painting of h is son.The poor-quality painting didn't receive any bidders except one——the old servant who had attended to the son and loved him, a nd who for emotional reasons offered the only bid.As soon as the servant bought the painting for less than one English pound, the auctioneer stopped the bidding and asked the lawyer to read again from the will. The crowd became qui et, and the lawyer read from the will: “Whoever buys the painti ng of my son gets all my collection.” Then the auction was ov er.6. Fitzgerald was __________.A. a museum directorB. a master of artC. an art collectorD. an art auctioneer7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the story?A. Fitzgerald took care of his son all by himself.B. Fitzgerald lost his wife and his only son within 10 years.C. Fitzgerald became seriously ill because of the death of his son.D. Fitzgerald decided to leave everything he had to his servan t.8. Fitzgerald's will showed __________.A. his desire to fool the biddersB. his sadness at the death of his sonC. his regret of having no heir (继承人）D. his invaluable love for his son9. What helped the old servant win the whole collection of Fitz gerald's?A. No more than one pound.B. His emotion for his young master.C. Great increase of his wealth.D. His strong passion for art.10. At the result of the auction, the old man would feel more t han ______________.A. sadB. surprisedC. interestedD. expectedCWe parents often take material things for love. “I give him eve rything,” a disappointed mother complains. “New shoes, video -games, and his own TV. You’d think he’d at least show me re spect!”Of course, love and presents are related. Most parents work h ard to earn money. They want their children to have more tha n they did and have better lives. The problem is, most childre n don’t connect the things parents buy with the labor that pays for them. Children have more, but our culture——and television in particular——teaches them that more is never enough. Having more does n ot mean that a child feels loved.From a parent’s point of view, children are not thankful. But thi s has to do with their natural growth. Young children see their parents as all-mighty(万能的). If parents fail to provide what they want, it must be a matt er of choice. It’s normal for children, even school-age ones, not to be able to take another person’s point of vie w. For example, they may dislike their parents for working lon g hours, and not realize that the parent would also rather hav e more time at home.In addition to giving presents, we have to find other ways to e xpress love and create memories. Reading or telling stories to gether, making music and playing games are all ways for fami lies to spend time without spending money. Traditions like rea ding favorite poems and even snowball fights all serve the pur pose（达到目的）. Most importantly, as parents, we have to learn to hold b ack some energy from our tiring jobs. When we’re present for our children, we ourselves become the presents we want to gi ve.11. The underlined word “them”( in Paragraph 2) refers to____ __________.A. the things parents buyB. parentsC. childrenD. bett er lives12. According to the passage, children______.A. want fewer presentsB. want presents rather than loveC. are taught to ask for moreD. can live better without their parents.13. We can judge from the passage that there is _________.A. a heavy job load for some parentsB. a lack of money in some familiesC. misunderstanding between parents and childrenD. love between parents and children14. The last paragraph of the passage means that______.A. our children are good presents to usB. we should spend more time with our childrenC. we ourselves need some presentsD. we should give more presents to our children15. The best title for the passage is .A. Family LifeB. Children’s EducationC. Love and PresentsD. Children and Parents第二节：任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2017-2018学年度人教版高一第一学期期末质量检测语文试题含答案2017-2018学年高一第一学期期末质量检测语文科试卷考试时间：150分钟；满分：150分；共23小题友情提示：请将答案填涂在答题卡的相应位置上，答在本试卷上一律无效一、现代文阅读（每小题3分，共9分）读下面文字，完成1-3题。
很多人说：什么是意境？意境就是“情”“景”交融。
其实这种解释应该是从近代开始的。
XXX在《人间词话》中所使用的“意境”或“境界”，他的解释就是情景交融。
但是在中国传统美学中，情景交融所规定的是“意象”，而不是“意境”。
中国传统美学认为艺术的本体就是意象，任何艺术作品都要创造意象，都应该情景交融，而意境则不是任何艺术作品都具有的。
意境除了有意象的一般规定性之外，还有自己的特殊规定性，意境的内涵大于意象，意境的外延小于意象。
那么意境的特殊规定性是什么呢？唐代XXX有句话：“境生于象外。
”“境”是对于在时间和空间上有限的“象”的突破，只有这种象外之“境”才能体现作为宇宙的本体和生命的“道”。
从审美活动的角度看，所谓“意境”，就是超越具体的有限的物象、事件、场景，进入无限的时间和空间，从而对整个人生、历史、宇宙获得一种哲理性的感受和领悟。
西方古代艺术家，他们给自己提出的任务是要再现一个具体的物象，所以他们，比如古希腊雕塑家追求“美”，就把人体刻画得非常逼真、非常完美。
而中国艺术家不是局限于刻画单个的人体或物体，把这个有限的对象刻画得很逼真、很完美。
相反，他们追求一种“象外之象”、“景外之景”。
中国园林艺术在审美上的最大特点也是有意境。
中国古典园林中的楼、台、亭、阁，它们的审美价值主要不在于这些建筑本身，而是如同XXX《兰亭集序》所说，在于可使人“仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛。
我们生活的世界是一个成心味的世界。
XXX有两句诗说得好：“此中有真意，欲辩已忘言。
”艺术就是要去寻找、发现、体验生活中的这种意味。
成心境的作品和普通的艺术作品在这一点的区别，就在于它不但揭示了生活中某一个具体事物或具体事件的意味，并且超出了具体的事物和事件，从一个角度揭示了整个人生的意味。
北京市西城区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、完形填空One spring morning, my husband was in the yard cutting down an overgrown tree.He then 1 it across the front yard and put it on a pile of wood.I was inside the house tending to some things, when suddenly he came into the house, looking 2 and said, “I’m not sure if I should tell you this. ”“What?”I said, totally expecting the very worst.“Just come with me, ” he said. I 3 him out to the yard. He pointed. “There, ” he said.In front of us were four baby birds in the tree branches, having fallen out of their nest (巢) during the terrible ride, 4 amazingly all still alive.I immediately picked them up and made a “nest” in the front of my T-shirt. My husband just looked at me and said, “You won’t be able to keep them 5 . You have never nursed a bird back to health before. ”Luckily, we were able to find the nest in the center of the tree. I placed the baby birds inside the nest. They had no feathers (羽毛), so these tiny birds had no protection 6 the sun. I thought they wouldn’t make it through the day. As we stood far enough away from the nest, I wondered if their mother would ever find and 7 them as her own.I couldn’t believe it! Within a few minutes, a Blue Jay flew in and was jumping around the nest. She then flew up to the nest and 8 herself on her babies, spreading her wings to 9 them. And soon, the father joined the 10 and continued his task of bringing food to the family while she warmed and kept the baby birds safe.On one rainy day, I remember seeing her wings were spread especially wide across the nest. It was a 11 sight, to see how a bird with a tiny brain, the size of the tip of my little finger, still had the will to so deeply 12 her babies.Then one day, all four baby birds jumped out of the nest and were gone. The parents had done their job and now the youngsters were 13 to go make nests of their own.I ended up 14 that nest. Whenever I look at it, it reminds me to never give up no matter how bad things look, and be inspired by the inner 15 of the Blue Jay parents to provide for their family.1．A．dragged B．planted C．kicked D．threw2．A．disappointed B．cheerful C．serious D．angry 3．A．led B．forced C．invited D．followed 4．A．when B．so C．but D．or 5．A．awake B．alive C．active D．alone 6．A．against B．of C．above D．for 7．A．pick B．study C．guide D．recognize 8．A．warmed B．calmed C．settled D．helped 9．A．hide B．cover C．separate D．remove 10．A．reunion B．celebration C．chance D．event 11．A．lively B．touching C．funny D．common 12．A．depend on B．look into C．believe in D．care for 13．A．ready B．afraid C．curious D．unwilling 14．A．discovering B．decorating C．saving D．making 15．A．beauty B．joy C．peace D．strength二、阅读理解Get To Know This Sweet and Spiky FruitWhat Are Rambutans?The rambutan is a tropical fruit native to Malaysia, now grown throughout South East Asia as well as Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Central America. A cousin of the more well-known lychee, both fruits are members of the soapberry family. Rambutans have brownish-pink shells (壳) that are covered in hair-like bristles—in fact, the name rambutan comes from “rambut”, the Malay word for “hair”. The inner white fruit of the rambutan is juicy and sweet. Some say that the rambutan tastes like a sweet green grape.How to Eat RambutansRambutans are most often enjoyed fresh but also sometimes cooked, used to make rambutan jam. Because of their hard shells, they transport well and are ideal for packed lunches and picnics. They are easily added to cold dishes like fruit salads.Rambutan Nutrition and BenefitsRambutans are rich in vitamin C which helps strengthen the immune system and support brain health. Therefore, rambutans make a healthy sweet snack any time of day. Rambutansare low in calories and also rich in fiber (纤维).Where to Buy RambutansFresh rambutans from abroad can be found in supermarkets nationwide. You can also find rambutans in Chinese and South East Asian markets, both fresh and canned. Though they can be found year round, look for fresh rambutans when they are most plentiful in August and September. When choosing rambutans, pick those that are dark reddish-brown in color. Very pale, light colored rambutans may not be ready to eat.__________While you don’t have to immediately put rambutans in a fridge, they will last longer if you do so. To avoid loss of freshness, wrap rambutans in paper and then in a breathable plastic bag.16．Which are rambutans?A．B．C．D．17．Why is the rambutan considered a healthy snack?A．The inner white fruit is juicy and sweet.B．It can be enjoyed fresh or cooked.C．It has a lot of vitamin C．D．It has zero calories.18．Which is the best heading for the last paragraph?A．When to Save Rambutans B．Where to Keep RambutansC．Why to Wrap Rambutans D．How to Store RambutansRudolph plays football for Florida State University. When he was visiting a middle school in Florida one Tuesday, he noticed sixth-grader Leo eating his lunch alone. Rudolph grabbed a couple pieces of pizza and joined Leo at his table.Leo has autism, a condition that can make it hard to make friends and communicate with other people. His mother always worries about him. Two days later, she saw a picture ofRudolph and Leo eating together and it made her so happy that she cried. Then, she shared the picture on the Internet, along with a message about how thankful she was. The story became popular very quickly.“We just had a great conversation. He started off telling me his name is Leo, telling me how much he loves Florida State. We went from there, ” said Rudolph. “It was really easy. He had a nice smile on his face. Just a really warm person.”Leo’s mother said that middle school can be hard, and she worries about how other kids will treat her son. “Sometimes I’m thankful for his autism. That may sound like a terrible thing to say, but in some ways I think — I hope — it shields him, ” she said.“He doesn’t seem to notice when people look at him when he flaps (拍打) his hands,” she said. “He doesn’t seem to notice that he doesn’t get invited to birthday parties. And he doesn’t seem to mind if he eats lunch alone.”The mother said the photo of Rudolph and Leo’s lunch date helped teach people about autism. “The picture speaks more than a thousand words. You can see how far away the rest of the students are, but you can see how engaged Rudolph is with Leo,” she added.“I just wanted to go say hi to the kid, because I saw him eating alone. I didn’t even know anybody took a photo of it.” Rudolph said he was glad that the story was helping others.Leo is excited that Rudolph signed his lunch box, and is enjoying all of the attention. “It’s been awesome. Everyone was so proud of me,” Leo said.Leo and his mother have been invited to dinner with the football team and possibly to a game.19．Rudolph chose to eat with Leo because he _______________.A．knew Leo suffered from autism B．wanted to make friends with LeoC．promised to sign Leo’s lunchbox D．saw no one sitting at the table with Leo 20．Leo’s mother shared the picture on the Internet to ________________.A．show her thankfulness B．teach people about autismC．help her son to become famous D．make the other students feel ashamed 21．What did Leo’s mother mean by saying the sentence underlined in Paragraph 4?A．Autism protects Leo from being treated badly at school.B．Autism causes Leo to receive positive public attention.C．Autism makes Leo not realize his social challenges.D．Autism helps Leo escape from social activities.22．What can we learn from this passage?A．One good turn deserves another.B．A loss may turn out to be a gain.C．A little kindness goes a long way.D．Chance favors the prepared mind.Guardian Angels are people who travel on the New York subways and protect other passengers from criminals (罪犯). They are volunteers: they don’t get paid anything to do this job. The Guardian Angels would never have appeared without a young man named Curtis Sliwa.Forty-three years ago, if you’d wanted to travel home late at night on the New York subway, you wouldn’t have felt very safe. Luckily, on February 13, 1979, at 3:00 a. m. , the first safety patrol (巡逻)—called The Team—went into action. Curtis Sliwa and his friend Don Chin began to cleanup crime on one of New York’s toughest subway lines, the Number 4 train. However, this was not a job for two, but a job for 13, so thirteen brave people walked into the last car of the Number 4 subway line in New York City—the “Mugger’s Express”. If they saw a danger of violence (暴力), they stopped it, using non-violent means. The group became known as the “Magnificent 13”.The Magnificent 13 soon went from thirteen members to hundreds and they changed their name to the Guardian Angels Safety Patrol (GASP). At first, GASP faced opposition from the police, but they had the strong support of the public. Today, the Guardian Angels can be found all over the US. If you travel by subway, you will see them wearing red hats and white T-shirts. Although Guardian Angels are not armed, if they’re present, a criminal will think twice before committing a crime.The Guardian Angels also train young people to join them in their fight against crime. They believe that if they train groups of volunteers to patrol dangerous areas in New York, the city will be safer for everybody. “If we had more volunteers, we would be able to reduce the problems many cities face: violence, crime, and drugs. ”They have also started after-school training programs inside high schools and community centers. If young people visit the Guardian Angels Headquarters (总部), volunteers will talk to them about their work and will then guide them through the Times Square area. It’s fun. It’s safe and meaningful!23．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A．The changes brought by the Magnificent 13.B．The birth of the Guardian Angels Safety Patrol.C．The subway lines that the Guardian Angels patrolled.D．The reason why Curtis Sliwa wanted to stop subway crime.24．What can we learn from the passage?A．The police influenced the public’s opinions about GASP.B．Volunteers play an active role in reducing crime in New York.C．The Magnificent 13 put an end to crime on the Mugger’s Express.D．The Guardian Angels sometimes turn to violence to keep passengers safe. 25．What can young people do at the Guardian Angels Headquarters?A．Talk to the leader of GASP.B．Take part in training programs.C．Carry out safety patrols with guides.D．Get educated about the GuardianAngels’work.26．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A．To publicize a social service group.B．To call attention to public safetyconcerns.C．To introduce Curtis Sliwa’s great contributions.D．To present new ways to reduce crime in society.Bed rotting — the practice of spending long periods of time just staying under the covers with snacks, screens and other creature comforts — is gaining popularity on social media. Some Generation Z trend followers are now viewing it as a form of self-care, but doctors warn too much could be “sign of depression”. Are these extended breaks really wise for one’s mental health — or could they be a cause for concern?Dr. Ryan Sultan, a professor at Columbia University in New York, who treats many young people, called the bed rotting trend attractive. “In our culture today, with too much to do, too many expectations and too much productivity, many young individuals (个人) are feeling burned out and often aren’t getting enough sleep. It’s easy to see why taking time off to lie around is attractive,” Sultan said. “In many ways, this is beneficial. It’s a chance to get away from real-life problems and clear your head before returning to life in a better state of mind, ” he added.For the downside, however, he said a long-term need or desire for bed rotting could do harm to one’s physical health. Spending too many daytime hours in bed — awake or not —could destroy sleep schedules. Our brains are fine-tuned for sleep in darkness and alertness in light. Lying in bed half-asleep during the day will worsen sleep schedules — once that happens, it is a challenge to fix. It could also lead to blood pressure problems and obesity (肥胖).Long-term need or desire for bed rotting could also be a warning sign of depression, according to a mental health expert. Dr. Marc Siegel, professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center and a Fox News medical contributor, agreed that while some downtime can be useful in terms of de-stressing and rejuvenation (更新), too much bed rotting is a bad health practice. In addition to increasing the risk of depression, it contributes to decreased motivation (动力) as well.Instead of bed rotting, Siegel recommends regular exercise as a better form of de-stressing. While the occasional lazy day can be beneficial, too much could have the opposite effect. If it happens every day, that’s a fairly sensitive test for depression. Those who lack the motivation to get out of bed could also try calling or texting a family member for support, socializing with close friends, finding a small task to complete, or reaching out to a medical professional for help.27．According to Dr. Ryan Sultan, why do young people like bed rotting?A．They are fond of what is popular on social media.B．They are unwilling to socialize with friends.C．Bed rotting is away to escape stress.D．Bed rotting helps fix sleep schedules.A．Quickly-activated.B．Well-trained.C．Badly-needed.D．Ill-equipped.29．What can we learn from the passage?A．Being lazy from time to time can be good for individuals.B．Sleeping in light can increase the risk of depression.C．Bed rotting can allow people to avoid expectations.D．Feeling down leads to decreased motivation.30．What is the passage mainly talking about?A．Different opinions on how to become motivated.B．Main causes of the long-term need for bed rotting.C．Practical suggestions for young people to deal with stress.D．Possible problems from lying in bed for extended periods of time.三、选词填空四、语法填空的适当形式填空)39．It is hard to defeat a person never gives up. (用适当的词填空)40．On cold winter days, (give) your immune system a helping hand, you can drink some ginger tea. (所给词的适当形式填空)41．The audience was (amaze) at the actor’s wonderful performance. (所给词的适当形式填空)42．Every evening, Jack’s grandma (enjoy) hearing him read news aloud for her. (所给词的适当形式填空)43．On the way to work, my father helped a young man car had broken down. (用适当的词填空)44．When the Internet first appeared, few people believed that it (become) popular.(所给词的适当形式填空)45．Mike was encouraged by a coach (learn) ice skating at a young age. (所给词的适当形式填空)46．A new hospital (build) near my home now. It will open next year. (所给词的适当形式填空)47．There are some apps can help to connect people with similar interests. (用适当的词填空)五、翻译48．我花了一个月的时间适应新环境。
北京市西城区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题一、完形填空Sam was waiting for a taxi at the hospital. He had booked it on the phone after his medical treatment. He’d been suffering from kidney (肾) failure since last year. During this time, he was on the transplant list, but no 1 appeared.Bill was driving to visit a friend when his phone rang with the request for Sam’s ride home. The trip was out of Bill’s way. 2 , he took the order, figuring if the passenger was coming from a hospital, he likely needed a ride.When Sam got into the car, Bill could see he was 3 but in good spirits. As the two set out, they began chatting.“Sam really 4 the car with positive energy,” said Bill, who talked a lot with Sam. He learnt Sam had enjoyed volunteering in the community, but he was doing less because of the treatments. Then Sam revealed he was searching for a kidney donor. Bill 5 he’d be a good donor candidate because he didn’t drink or smoke. Sam agreed, though he didn’t think much of it. Bill, however, couldn’t stop thinking about it.Bill believed in 6 others, so donating a kidney was something always on his mind. Plus, he already liked and respected Sam. When approaching the destination, Bill repeated, “I’d see if I could be a match to give you a kidney.”“I was shocked,” Sam recalled. He was shaking so hard that he could barely write his name when they 7 contact information. Once inside his home, he excitedly told his wife, “The taxi driver offered his kidney to me!”After the initial excitement, Sam started feeling less 8 , wondering if it had just been an emotional moment. Would he hear from him?But Bill was 9 to his word. He contacted the hospital soon. After a long process, the results came: They were a perfect match. Then they had their surgery, which was a(n) 10 . Today, Sam is doing well. And the two men still keep in touch.Miraculously, a chance encounter turned out to be a life-saving ride.1．A．taxis B．matches C．orders D．patients2．A．Still B．Instead C．Moreover D．Therefore 3．A．angry B．afraid C．weak D．forgetful4．A．lit up B．piled into C．fixed up D．slowed down 5．A．heard B．recalled C．joked D．complained 6．A．treating B．helping C．accepting D．encouraging 7．A．discussed B．repeated C．compared D．exchanged 8．A．curious B．doubtful C．hesitant D．optimistic 9．A．true B．close C．related D．blind 10．A．waste B．honor C．mistake D．success二、阅读理解The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and — most importantly — finish. Whether you’re working on a novel, short story collection, or narrative nonfiction, our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project. And at the end of two years, you’ll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps.Benefits● Individualized guidance: You’ll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress, review drafts of your work, and set goals for the future, keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program.● Intensives: Three times a year, the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert, group meetings, participant readings, great meals and plenty of social time.● Manuscript feedback: You’ll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader, chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers.Applications and Tuition● Applications: Applications are available starting April 1, and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year. Each guide accepts six applicants, for a total of 36 participating writers.● Components of applications: a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement.● Tuition: $8,580 per year, or $715 per month. Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship.Since 2019, we’ve seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants. They’ve had nonfiction, short story collections, novels, and middle-grade works signed by the best publishers. Will you be next?11．The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will ________.A．get their books published eventuallyB．meet their guides whenever necessaryC．finish writing their works within 2 yearsD．receive feedback only from famous writers12．To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project, you need to ________.A．apply before April 1B．pay $715 for one yearC．state your personal information D．prepare your novel up to 36 pages 13．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To assess new writers.B．To promote a program.C．To compare different projects.D．To introduce the best publisher.In 2014, a year into her retirement, Morag Warrack found herself in a village hall in the Surrey hills, surrounded by middle-aged men throwing each other on to the floor. “When entering the classroom, I was terrified and thought all these men would be shocked by an old woman walking in,” she says. “The teacher encouraged me to stay and I realized they were all kind and curious about me being there. That was my first experience of learning aikido.”At 59, Warrack, who had recently handed in her resignation, began reading up on mindfulness practices. “The more I looked into mindfulness, the more aikido kept coming up,” she says. “These books were recommending it as a way to connect the mind, body and spirit.”Attracted by the idea, Warrack found a local class where she could take a beginners’ session. Despite her struggles, Warrack kept returning. While her husband and two children weresupportive, they weren’t tempted to join in. “They just thought: Mum’s off on one again,” she says. Warrack carried on and, after two years of practice, she began moving up the graded system of belt rankings and noticing a change in herself. “Aikido was making me way more confident,” she says, “Since my reactions got quicker, my balance was better and my coordination (协调性) improved, I had a real understanding of my own body and it became a metaphor (比喻) for how to be in life; how to avoid attack without hurting the other person.”By January 2019, Warrack was determined to achieve her black belt and began training with the only other person in her class who was at the same level as her: a 181cm police officer. “It was a very odd pairing. Not least because he’s so strong and so I had to learn how to use my skills rather than strength against him,” she says.In December 2021, Warrack, at the age of 66, took her black belt test. For 20 minutes, she had to defend her position against attackers one after another before facing the final randori, where four people attack at once. “One guy kicked me and split my lip,” she laughs. “It made me so angry, but that’s what I needed to keep going.” She passed, making her one of the oldest people to achieve an aikido black belt in the UK.14．How did Morag Warrack feel when she first entered the aikido classroom?A．Curious.B．Disappointed.C．Confident.D．Frightened. 15．After two years of practice, Warrack ________.A．grew more patient B．turned into a better selfC．realized her full potential D．became aware of her weakness16．In order to achieve her black belt, Warrack had to ________.A．polish her skills further B．improve her coordinationC．avoid hurting the attackers D．seek support from her family17．What can we learn from this passage?A．With age comes wisdom.B．The greatest wealth is health.C．It’s always a good time to learn.D．Compete with honor and win with grace.Our travels are not limited to physical time. We also experience mental time travel. We visit the past through our memories and then journey into the future by imagining what tomorrow or next year might bring. When we do so, we think of ourselves as we are now, remember who weonce were and envision how we will be.A recent study explores how one particular brain region helps to knit together memories of the present and future selves. When people sustain an injury to this area, it leads to a damaged sense of identity. The region, called vmPFC, may produce a fundamental model of the person and place it in mental time. When the region does so, it may be the source of our sense of self. It’s also found that memories that reference the self are easier to recall. They benefit from what researchers have called a self-reference effect.In the study, the researchers used the self-reference effect to assess memories of present and future selves among people who had brain lesions (损伤) to the vmPFC．The scientists worked with people with vmPFC lesions, then compared them with a control group made up of people with injuries to other parts of the brain and healthy individuals. They were asked to list adjectives to describe themselves and a celebrity, both in the present and future. Later, they had to recall these same traits. It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak.These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC．But what about our past selves? Previous studies asked people to consider their past selves, but there was no evidence of the self-reference effect. Our past selves seem foreign to us, as if they were individuals apart from us.One idea that scientists have put forward to understand this distinction is that perhaps we are not very kind in our judgments of our past selves. Instead we may be rather critical of our previous behavior, emotions and personal traits. We may use our past primarily to construct a more positive self-image in the present. Put another way, because we may recognize flaws (瑕疵) in our past self’s behavior, we tend to distance ourselves from the person we once were.Therefore, bringing the present and future into the spotlight is central to understanding the way our brain and thoughts shape our current selves. And with the research, we have a better idea about the way a small region within our brain is able to build and hold the core ability to maintain our identity.18．From the passage, we can learn that ________.A．people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identityB．vmPFC-injured people recall celebrities better than others doC．the self-reference effect plays a vital role in considering past selfD．people tend to accept past self after realizing their previous faults19．As for the findings of the recent study on vmPFC, the author is ________.A．critical B．doubtful C．approving D．unconcerned 20．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Testing Our Memories B．Creating Our Sense of SelfC．The Power of Self-Reference Effect D．The Importance of Mental Time TravelWith its 1.2 million LED lights shining brightly against the Las Vegas night, the Las Vegas Sphere may well be the ultimate symbol of 2020s overuse. But that gigantic entertainment space is also something else: a symbol of the coming conflict between our climate goals and our seemingly insatiable (永不满足) appetite for stuff.In the 1990s, multicolor LED lights were invented to prevent climate disasters by greatly reducing the amount of electricity we use. After all, LED lights use 90 percent less energy and last around 18 times longer than incandescent bulbs (白炽灯). Yet the amount of electricity we consume for light globally is roughly the same today as it was in 2010. That’s partly because of population and economic growth in the developing world. But another big reason is that as technology has advanced, we’ve only grown more wasteful.There’s an economic term for this: the Jevons Paradox, named for the 19th-century English economist William Stanley Jevons, who noticed that as steam engines became ever more efficient, Britain’s appetite for coal increased rather than decreased. The logic of Jevons is that instead of banking the efficiency savings we make as technology advances, we go out and spend it.Today, you can see examples of the Paradox everywhere. When residents in England installed home insulation, their overall heating energy demand soon rebounded, ending up at about the same level as it was before: The residents had apparently chosen to turn up their thermostats (温控器) and live in warmer homes.The good news is that in some cases the efficiency gains are so great that even our insatiable appetite for new stuff cannot completely negate them. Today’s car engines require lessfuel, even though Americans on average now drive longer distances in heavier cars. However, the bad news is that the Jevons Paradox seems to be hard-wired into us. There are few examples throughout history of people willingly consuming less energy, either for moral or environmental reasons.For some, the solution is obvious: Governments must do more to limit our energy use, perhaps through regulations or taxes. A global carbon tax would help—though the chances of establishing one remain slim. A more innovative answer comes from Rob West, founder and chief executive of Thunder Said Energy. Having spent years documenting the Jevons Paradox and finding it far more widespread than economists predicted, he thinks the best hope we have is to fight Jevons with Jevons. That means applying the idea that consumption increases as goods become cheaper and more efficient to our production of energy. In other words, the future lies not in rationing (定量供应) energy and hoping humans suddenly change their behavior, but in ensuring any energy we use is as green and attractive as possible.21．Why does the author mention the Las Vegas Sphere?A．To highlight a space.B．To predict an ending.C．To provide a solution.D．To express a concern.22．What does the underlined word “negate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A．Put off.B．Break down.C．Push up.D．Wipe out. 23．What can we learn from the passage?A．The Jevons Paradox requires more examples.B．Environmental awareness is hard-wired in humans.C．Energy consumption grows as technology advances.D．Efficiency gains guarantee the realization of climate goals.24．Which of the following statements would Rob West most probably agree with?A．The solution is always to further energy efficiency.B．A global carbon tax has aided in limiting energy use.C．Humans are eager to change their consumption behavior.D．Economists have overestimated the effect of the Jevons Paradox.Highly sensitive person, or HSP, is a term coined by psychologist Elaine Aron. Accordingto research, in every five people, there’s one HSP. 25 HSPs have strong self-consciousness; they may struggle to adapt to new circumstances, demonstrate seemingly inappropriate emotional responses in social situations, and easily become uncomfortable in response to light, sound or certain physical sensations. 26The power of insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) power”. Usually, people associate “insensitivity” with something bad, but insensitivity does not equal dullness. 27 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and downtime in life and firmly moving towards one’s own direction. It is the “means and wisdom to win a better life”, as a Japanese author writes in the book The Power of Insensitivity. According to him, the world will be better if we focus on the major goals and stay insensitive to anything else.28 One of the important reasons is that behind insensitivity is strong self-awareness or self-confidence. Knowing yourself is difficult, but knowing yourself correctly is undoubtedly an excellent ability. One of the qualities shared by many successful people is: they all clearly know where their strengths are, what they want, and what direction to go.To practice insensitivity, the first step is to avoid overthinking. Resist the urge to overanalyze situations, and redirect your focus towards actionable steps within your control. Secondly, don’t pay too much attention to the ups and downs of life at the moment. Rather, you should be looking forward. Additionally, set clear boundaries. 29 Remember not to get too involved in other people’s business and set limits that keep you safe from outside pressures.As a unique wisdom of life, the power of insensitivity gives completely new inspiration to modern people. Once you become a bit “blunt” and slow down the pace, you will feel more comfortable.A．Everyone can obtain the ability to be insensitive.B．That’s where the need to be insensitive comes from.C．It emphasizes determination when it comes to difficulties.D．Avoid focusing too much on what others are doing or thinking.E．Regarding relationships, learn to view the problem as two parts.F．Being a highly sensitive person can come with many challenges.G．Why can insensitivity allow a person to better adapt in a competitive environment?三、选词填空用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。
2017-2018学年北京市西城区高一上学期期末考试英语试题A卷满分90分第一部分I.听力理解（共三节，满分22.5分）第一节：（共4小题；每小题1.5分，满分6分）听下面4段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the weather be like tomorrow morning?A. Rainy.B. Sunny.C. Cloudy.2. What is the man doing?A. Planning to move into an apartment.B. Complaining about the late service.C. Inviting someone to his home.3. What does the woman suggest?A. Seeing a dentist.B. Cleaning the teeth.C. Taking some medicine.4. How is the man going to travel?A. By ship.B. By plane.C. By train. 第二节：（共6小题；每小题1.5分，满分9分）听下面3段对话。
每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。
听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话你将听两遍。
听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。
5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bank.B. In a restaurant.C. In a hotel.6. How much will the man pay?A. $65.B. $88.C. $317.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。
7. What can we know about the man?A. He got sick of running at home.B. He started exercising last month.C. He has stopped doing yoga recently.8. What does the man invite the woman to do?A. Do exercise at the club.B. Check the running machine.C. Have a medical examination.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。
9. What are the speakers talking about?A. Making a new school year plan.B. Designing special activities.C. Joining an after-school club.10. What is the girl interested in?A. Chinese Painting.B. Furniture DIY.C. Photography.(听力理解第三节见试卷第8页）Ⅱ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jason, our son, was born one month early and so he was weaker than most children. My wife Margaret and I often comforted him as he faced many 11 in his childhood.In his seventh grade, Jason 12 up for the school running team, which mademe both proud and worried. One afternoon, Jason returned home in tears, covered all over with food. He threw his bag on the floor and shouted: “I’m never going to 13 again!” As we later learned, a few older students made fun of his performance on the playground and then threw 14 at him on the school bus on the way home.I called the school leader about what happened on the bus, and Jason never experienced that again. He stayed on the team, even though the trouble 15 .One day in October, we had a heavy 16 . As the other kids exercised in the gym they noticed one runner—Jason— 17 around the snow-covered playground.A few weeks later, Jason had something to tell us. “Mom, Dad, sit down,” he said. I was ready for the 18 .He told us that each month, students chose an “athlete of the month”. The coach would list the top athletes, and the other students 19 for the winner. Jason’s name had never been listed. 20 that day, one of the students said: “Sir, I would like to choose Jason for athlete of the month.”The coach looked surprised.“He works 21 than any of us, Sir,” the student continued.“Does everyone 22 with this?” the coach asked.Tears formed in Jason’s eyes as he told us what happened next. “Mom ... Dad ...23 in the team put their hands up.’’His mother and I, also in tears, looked on as he 24 showed his certificate (证书).Whenever I am sad, I think of this story. I remind myself that challenges are not overcome (克服) by 25 , but by patience, determination, and faith.Jason is in university these days and often holds the highest mark in his class. He is also training in martial arts. I am completely sure he’ll wear a black belt someday, and wear it proudly.11. A. challenges B. dangers C. tasksD. choices12. A. backed B. set C. calledD. signed13. A. school B. hospital C. work D. lunch14. A. rubbish B. food C. dust D. paint15. A. disappeared B. started C. continuedD. arrived16. A. snow B. rain C. traffic D. duty17. A. walking B. running C. playing D. looking18. A. loneliest B. kindest C. worstD. brightest19. A. competed B. searched C. asked D. voted20. A. But B. So C. After D. For21. A. more carefully B. better C. more quicklyD. harder22. A. work B. agree C. help D. deal23. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one24. A. bravely B. proudly C. patientlyD. hurriedly25. A. silence B. effort C. educationD. forceⅢ.阅读理解（共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AThe Secret of a Long LifeI am Peter Brown. I am a writer with an important magazine. The other day I saw a white-haired man sitting on the chair in front of his house. I could see the wrinkles (皱纹) in his face and neck, and his wrinkled hands. Articles on the secrets of living to an old age are always popular with our readers, so I decided to write a story and discover the secret of this man’s long life. As I went near him, I said:“Sir, would it be okay if I talked with you for just a moment?”“Not at all. Actually, it would make me very happy. I get very bored sitting here, even for a short time. Until a little while ago, I lived a full and active life without a moment’s rest.”“Well, they say that a lot of activities help one to live a long time.”“That’s true, very true. I still feel very well, although my step has slowed down a little.”The conversation continued in that way for a while. Although I tried to be very thoughtful about getting information from older people, it seemed to me that it would now be all right to begin to ask some polite questions.“Would it be okay if I smoked?”“Not at all.”“I’d offer you one, but I suppose you probably don’t smoke, or drink, or…”“You’re wrong! I’ve always smoked a great deal. And until a little while ago, I went dancing every night. And as for alcoholic drinks ...”“Do you mean to say that you’ve done these things all your life?”“Of course. Why does that surprise you so much?”“I’ve always been told that doing those things is bad for the health.”“Nonsense!”“I suppose that you have another secret ... a lot of fruit... vegetables ...a lot of exercise in the fresh air…”“Don’t be silly! I hate exercise in the fresh air, and I don’t like any kind of vegetable.”“This is unbelievable!”“What do you mean, unbelievable? What are you talking about?”“It’s just that I can’t understand how you’ve been able to live like that and to have lasted so long. Tell me, how old are you?”“Me? I’m twenty-eight. Why?”26. Why did Peter Brown decide to write a story about the man?A. Because the man looked healthy.B. Because he thought the man looked cool.C. Because the man was white-haired and wrinkled.D. Because readers are interested in the secret of a long life.27. What would the man probably say after “And as for alcoholic drinks…”？A. I don’t like them.B. I drink a little.C. They’ve my favorite.D. They cost too much.28. According to the story, the man .A. smokes a lotB. often eats vegetablesC. likes doing sportsD. stays at home every night29. What can we learn from the story?A. All’s well that ends well.B. It’s never too late to learn.C. What you see is what you get.D. Don’t judge a book by its cover.BAmy Maplethorpe, a first-year speech-language teacher at Raymond Ellis Primary School, used tennis balls, a hot glue gun, Mod Podge and a bit of paint to create two chairs that help students with sensory (感官的) problems.According to the school’s Facebook page, which became very popular, the chairs provide a “different texture (质地) to improve sensory regulation (调控).”Maplethorpe told ABC News that the chairs will service about 15 to 20 students. Children with sensory problems often have a hard time “dealing with sensory information”. Things, such as coats, blankets and Maplethorpe’s chairs, often comfort a student.Maplethorpe was excited to create the chair after seeing something similar on a website, and she made some changes to the idea.“I wanted to continue to help students with sensory problems at Ellis and provide a different kind of seat for the students,” she continued. “I was excited that this chair could help my students.’’The two chairs are now in the school’s sensory room, which was created recently, according to headmaster, Beth Kiewicz.“When a child’s sensory needs are met, we then can move on to their needs in study,” Kiewicz, who has led the school for six years, told ABC News.Maplethorpe said the chairs have already made a difference for some of her students.“Students have become more patient, and have followed directions, while waiting for activities,” she said.30. What gave Maplethorpe the idea to create the tennis ball chair?A. Service in the sensory room.B. Chairs in the teachers’ office.C. Something similar on a website.D. Encouragement from the headmaster.31. How can the tennis ball chair help children with sensory problems?A. It helps students with sensory regulation.B. It causes students to be more restless.C. It improves students’ memory.D. It makes students sleep well.32. According to the article, the tennis ball chair .A. is not easy to makeB. has been proved helpfulC. can service more than 20 studentsD. is the best way to treat sensory problemsCModel RailroadingWould you like to know a fun way to learn about math? Well, you can do that with model railroading. Yes, it’s true. You can learn about many school topics without using a school book. Besides that, there are many other benefits that model railroading brings us as well. In this article, we will discuss just a few of those benefits of model railroading.Patience and problem solving skillsWhen you build a model railroad, you have to plan your railroad out. You have to decide where the tracks (轨道) will go, where to put buildings, where to put streets and any other things you would like to add to your model railroad. Also, you have to think about any problems you may have with the design you choose. How will you make railroad crossings? How will you design hills, mountains, and rivers? Deciding on what to do with your model railroad takes a lot of thought and patience, but it is not as difficult as you may think.Building skillsWith model railroading, you learn how to put together plastic models of buildings. Also, you can learn how to build a table for your design, or make scenery for the geography of your design. Your model railroad runs on electricity, so you learn about electronics as well. These are skills that not only help you build a model railroad; these skills will help you all throughout life.Fun for family and friendsDifferent from many video games, model railroading is a social hobby that lets you communicate with family and friends. This is because you have to communicate with family and friends as you build and run your model railroad. By spending lime with the people in your life you love and care about, you learn to become closer and care more for each other. This is one of the best parts of model railroading as a hobby. Of course, the best part about model railroading is running the trains. Watching the trains run around the track and make all the sounds and do all the things that real trains do gives people hours of enjoyment. Also, there is great satisfaction in the fact that you, your family, and your friends built the model railroad.I hope you can learn to enjoy model railroading and experience all the benefits you just read about and many others. Happy railroading!33. In order to build a model railroad, you have to be .A. skillful and confidentB. an electrical engineerC. thoughtful and patientD. an expert in geography34. What is the best part of model railroading?A. Running the trains.B. Planning out the railroad.C. Putting streets and buildings.D. Learning electronics and wiring.35. According to the author, model railroading is a social hobby, because .A. it encourages us to complete it on our ownB. it improves the problem solving skills and creativityC. it brings us hours of enjoyment and great satisfactionD. it offers us chances to communicate with family and friends36. Where can you probably find the article?A. In an official report.B. In a youth magazine.C. In a medical textbook.D. In a tourist guidebook.第二部分I.听力理解第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面一段对话，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第1题至第5题的关键信息。
