高考英语语法专题讲解与训练之六动词的时态和语态在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。
一、一般现在时1．一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。
主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。
第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collects takes plays climbs(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es :Watch— ___________ teach—___________ go— ___________ do— __________ wash— ___________ cross— ___________ mix— __________ brush— _________(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es:study→_________ fly→________ carry→________ cry→________但在y前如果为元音则直接加s: buys says2.一般现在时的基本用法（1）表示客观事实、普通真理或格言警句（不受主句时态限制）1）The geography teacher told us the earth _____ ____around the sun. (move)2）Water ________at 100o C. (boil)3）Pride ________ before a fall. (go)（2）表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用，例如：every…, often，always，sometimes, never，seldom, on Sundays。
1）Ice _______cold. (feel )2）We always _____________each other and help each other.(care for )（3）表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong、seem等。
1）I _________ what you mean.(know )2）Smith _________ a car and a house.(own)3）All the students here _______________ No.1 Middle School.(belong to )3. 一般现在时的特殊用法。
1）时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, wheth er, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately(1)Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _______ home. (write)(2) He will come to see you the moment he ______his work. (finish)2）表示按照―时间表‖的安排将要发生的事情。
(1) The shop _________at 11:00 p.m. every day.(close)(2) L ook at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 ____ off at 18:20. (take)(3) The train ____________ at 10 o' clock in the morning. (start)(4) The summer holidays ___________ next week. (begin)4.一般现在时的被动语态。
The classroom _________________ by us every day. (clean)Such songs ________ usually __________ by girls. (sing)Russian _____________________ in our school. (not teach)典型例题：1. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)A. will graduateB. will have graduatedC. graduatesD. is to graduate2. I ____ping-pong quite well, but I haven‘t had time to play since the new year.A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. play3. If city noises ____ from increasing, people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；haveC．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to4. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home.(04广东)A. encouragesB. encourageC. is encouragedD. are encouraged5．Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families. 【04湖南】A. will often seeB. often seeC. are often seeingD. have often seen二、现在进行时（动词用be(am, is , are) + doing）1. 现在分词的构成：(1)一般在动词末尾直接加-ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing，如 skate →__________ make →_________ dance → __________ write → __________have → __________ ride → __________ come → __________(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如：put→ ________ run→ ________ begin→ ________stop→________ swim→ _______shop→________ forget→ ________2.现在进行时的基本用法1）表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。
He ______________ the apples on that tree. (pick)Listen! Mary _______________ an English song in the classroom. (sing)2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。
He _______________ English at college. (learn)They _________________ trees on the hill these days. (plant)3）与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
My brother is always leaving things about.He is forever thinking of doing more for the students.They‘re forever quarrelling about something.3.现在进行时的特殊用法。
表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作能这样用的动词并不多，通常是arrive, begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay 等表示位置转移的动词。
这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。
Jane and Betty _____________ on holiday in a few days. (go)Where _______ you ___________ in Guangzhou? (stay)第1095号航班马上要着陆了。
____________________________________________________________4.现在进行时的被动语态。
A hospital ___________________ in the centre of the town. (build)________ the babies ______________ care of by this nurse? (take)5.一般现在时与现在进行时的区别。
①暂时性动作和经常性动作The computer is working perfectly.计算机运转得很好。
（暂时）The computer works perfectly.计算机运转很好。
（一直如此）②持续性动作和短暂性动作The bus is stopping.车停了下来。
（渐渐地）The bus stops. 车停了。
（迅速）③暂时性动作和永久性动作She is living in the country.她现在住在农村。
