高考英语定语从句特殊情况下用法讲解
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高考14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法定语从句一、定语从句用法讲解用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般跟在先行之后。
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。
关系代词有who, whom, whose(指人);that, which(指物),用来代替先行词。
that也可以指人,which 不能指人。
who, whom, which, that 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语;whose在定语从句中作定语。
例如:This is the boy who is good at English.This the boy (whom) Mr. Cheng teaches every day.This is the boy whose father is an English teacher.This is the desk whose leg is broken.= This is the desk the leg of which is broken.= This is the desk of which the leg is broken.This is the book that/which was bought by Tom yesterday.This is the book (that /which) he bought yesterday.This is the book whose cover is gone.注意:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
用来引导定语从句的副词(when, where, why)叫关系副词。
when, where, why代替前面的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
例如:I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the reason why Li Ping is often late for class.二、定语从句用法定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点,也是历年高考的热点。
定语从句中只用 that的特殊情况小析摘要:近几年来,高考英语针对定语从句的知识点频繁出考题,其中以which和that的特殊情况最为常见。
本文就定语从句中that的几种特殊用法作出讲解,希望同学们能掌握并学会巧妙运用。
关键字:高考;定语从句;特殊用法一、那些只能用that引导的定语从句1.当先行词是不定代词时英语中有一类代词,它们没有明确的指代对象,只表达一个模糊的概念,于是我们把它们叫做不定代词,如all, much, little, something, everything anything, nothing, none, the one等等,这样的情况下,其后的定语从句的引导词只能用that。
那么,这是什么原因呢?这要从that和which本身的概念上说起,我们最初接触这两个单词的时候,参考翻译得知,that是“那一个”,而which是“哪一个”,由此,我们是不是可以这样说,which表示哪一个的话,本身是具有选择倾向的,而that表示那一个,本身就是具有特定指代倾向的。
在明白这两个概念之后,再回过头去看不定代词做先行词,它们都是没有特定指代的,也就不具备可选择性,比如all,翻译为“所有”,既然都是所有了,那就完全不用选择了;再比如everything,翻译为“每一件事”或者“每一样东西”,同样也具有全指代的特性,因此也不用选择;最后,看到none,翻译为“一个都没有”,既然都没有了,我们还选什么呢?因此,在这样的不定代词作为先行词,本身就没有特定指代的情况下,我们只用that,不用which。
例:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?This is all that I have done for him.1.当先行词被only/any/few/little/no/all/very等词修饰时带着方才的概念,我们再来看看这种情况,其中的any、few、little、no、all都属于不定代词类,不论它们是自己做先行词,还是去修饰先行词,都统一依照之前的概念,使用that引导定语从句。
高考英语定语从句讲解高考英语定语从句讲解一. 定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
高考英语定语从句讲解二. 引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why 等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
高考英语定语从句讲解三. 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
高考英语定语从句讲解四. 关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。
作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
高考英语语法:特殊引导词引导的定语从句导读:本文高考英语语法:特殊引导词引导的定语从句,仅供参考,如果能帮助到您,欢迎点评和分享。
高考英语语法:特殊引导词引导的定语从句对定语从句来说,最重要的就是引导词了,没有引导词就不成句子,所以只有能灵活应用引导词,才是真正的掌握定语从句,引导词的使用也不是那么简单,除了常规的引导词外还有特殊词,所以这次就为大家带来一些特殊引导词的讲解。
在英语关系代词中,but,as,than作关系代词可以引导定语从句。
1.but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。
but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not"。
它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not,little,few,hardly等)。
but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。
eg. There is no mother but loves her own children.没有不爱孩子的母亲。
2.as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。
as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。
eg. He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。
The girl is as lovely a rabbit as lives in forest. 这个姑娘就像一个生活在森林的小兔子一样可爱。
3.than既可指人,也可指物,可作关系代词来引导定语从句。
than前通常有表比较的词。
eg.Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。
More people than we had expected attended this meeting. 来参加会议的人比我们想象的多。
高考英语定语从句解题技巧定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容,也是高考中常考查的一个考点。
关于定语从句大家早在初中的时已经学过,并且老师也反复强调其功能与解法,那么大家在解题过程中感觉如何呢?大声告诉我!Ok ,想不想更快一点呢?正确率更高一些呢?想的话就大声说出来,谁得声音大说明谁的成功欲望更强。
是“我想要还是一定要”?回答!太棒了。
That ’great!一位励志大师曾经说,如果你要成功,一,你必须有强烈的企图心,二。
你必须有强烈的企图心好,三。
你必须有强烈的企图心。
ok下面我就帮助大家快速的找出答案。
任何题目都有其规律与快速找出答案的方法,当然,你有问题同样可以问老师的。
大家先和我说一起说二个原则:一.动词的个数决定句子数,两句之间必有连,连词放在从句前,无连无从句,句句要完整(句意和成分的完整)。
二.定从本身不完整,要想完整借先行(词),先行本身不出现,关代关副来表现,关代关副如何选,定语从句结构看,代代代,副代副,我就不信逮不住。
大家都知道在定语从句中绝对不能有代表先行词的人称代词出现,只能用关系代词或副词。
Ok,刚才说的两个原则一定要记住,这是解题的关键,同时也是定语从句与其他句子的区别一定要注意,同时也是判定定从的标准。
我们这次课程希望大家掌握以下定从答题的几个方面定语从句常考1.连接代词或副词------------缺什么填什么,一般是主,宾,表,定状1. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
2. 定语从句的几个基本概念:1) 先行词:即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词,通常位于定从的前面。
2) 先行词在从句中担当成份:根据不同成份,用相应的关系代词或关系副词。
3) 关系代词:即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。
作主语:指物,则用that, which引导,且不能省略;指人,用that, who引导,不省略。
高考英语定语从句用法及注意事项一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom指人在从句中作宾语whose指人或物在从句中作定语as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词2、as的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as;so…as;thesame…as;as…as注意:thesame…as表示同一类,不同一个thesame…that表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用andthis来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above, asmightbeexcepted,asisoftenthecase,一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,none,theo ne等不定代词时。
2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时。
3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时。
高考英语定语从句解题方法1500字高考英语中,定语从句是一个常见的考点,也是一个相对容易出错的地方。
今天我们就来学习一下如何解答定语从句的相关问题。
一、定语从句的基本概念定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句,它充当形容词的作用。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是对名词或代词进行限制或修饰,它是整个句子的一个必要部分,如果去掉它,整个句子的意思就会发生改变。
例如:The student who is sitting next to me is from China.在这个句子中,定语从句是“who is sitting next to me”,修饰名词“student”,它限制了“student”的范围,指的是坐在我旁边的学生。
如果去掉定语从句,句子就变成“The student is from China”,意思完全不同了。
2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对名词或代词进行进一步说明或补充,它不是整个句子的必要部分,如果去掉它,整个句子的意思仍然完整。
例如:Mary, who is my best friend, is going to study abroad.在这个句子中,定语从句是“who is my best friend”,修饰名词“Mary”,它对“Mary”进行了进一步的说明,但如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思仍然是“Mary is going to study abroad”。
二、解题方法了解了定语从句的基本概念后,我们来学习一下如何解答定语从句的相关问题。
下面以一些常见的题型为例进行讲解。
1. 定语从句的识别首先,我们需要识别出句子中的定语从句。
在英语中,定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that等;常见的关系副词有:where, when, why等。
高考英语语法定语从句考点突破一、基本概念1.定语从句:在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。
换句话说,定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
先行词前一般用the ,但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。
3.关系代词/ 关系副词:连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词,根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。
若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等,应用关系代词引导定语从句;若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,应用关系副词引导定语从句。
4.定语从句的位置:一般紧跟在先行词后面。
但有时因句子结构的需要,定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。
5.引导定语从句的关系词分为二类:关系代词:that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as关系副词:when, where, why二、基本用法1.关系代词的基本用法(见下表):2.使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题:a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。
1.先行词是不定代词时,如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。
1.I told him all (that) I know.2.He gave her everything (that) he had.2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。
1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.2.You can take any book (that) you like.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。
1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。
高考英语定语从句特殊情况下用法讲解一、考点分析定语从句的介词加关系代词的用法是定居从句中的重难点,在题型上主要在语法填空和翻译句子中考到。
二、专题详解A、定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。
Everything that he said was true.2.当先行词被the very(恰恰,正好), the only,any,few,little,no,all修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.The only thing that is constant is change.There was little that we could do to help her.3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.What is the first American film that you have seen?5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6.当先行词既有人又有物时。
定语从句详解⾸先,(任何)从句结构:“关联词+从句主语+从句谓语”位置:从句之⾸,主句先⾏词之后。
成分:关系代词和关系副词均在定语从句中充当句⼦成分。
⾮限制性定语从句:(1)反作补充说明,与主语关系不甚密切,朗读时先⾏词⽤降调并稍做停顿,多半逗号与主句隔开。
(2)能修饰整个句⼦,限制性定语从句则不能。
与限制性定语从句含义不同,限制-是确指,⾮限制性定语从句是泛指。
(3)先⾏词为{专有名词,具有特指对象的名词}⼀般要⽤到⾮限制性定语从句。
(4)关系代词不能⽤that ,先⾏词指{⼈:⽤who、whom;物:which }关系代词与介词“介词+关系代词”既能引导⾮限制性定语从句,⼜能引导⾮限制性定语从句。
介词要根据先⾏词、从句的谓语动词、从句中的形容词来选择,也可根据句意选择。
I.介词放在关系代词的前⾯时,介词短语只能⽤which代物;和⽤whom代⼈;whose还可在从句中与它所修饰的词⼀起作介词宾语。
This is the hero of whom we are proud.I want to find the very pen with which I wrote that letter.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.II.当介词放在句⼦的末尾时,可⽤that/which代物,that/whom/who来作为介词的宾语,且这个做介词宾语的关系代词往往忽略This is the hero that (who/whom/忽略) we are proud of.特:(1)from where为”介词+关系副词”结构,where作from的宾语,但也可引导定语从句。
例如:We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town.(2) 有些动词+介词所组成的短语动词,关系⾮常紧密,介词不能前置。
高考英语定语从句语法讲解(名师剖析高考英语必考知识点,建议下载)在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词,用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句,所以,也称作形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that 等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词,并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money借钱给你的那人叫什么名字?(定语从句修饰先行词the man)He who laughs lst laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
(定语从句修饰先行词he)The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边,他先发言。
(定语从句修饰先行词the c hairman)B.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中,whom 可省略或可用w ho 来代替,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的,有些人则是我们讨厌的。
(定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others)The people whomwho I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。
(定语从句修饰先行词the people)Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过,他对我们的计划很感兴趣。
模块四五彩缤纷的从句:三大从句和特殊句式第7讲定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语,修饰名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
考点一关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系代词先行词句法功能who 人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom 人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=of人或物定语whom/of which)that 人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which 物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语as 人或物主语、宾语、表语1. 限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。
※If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it your way.※We cannot say that none that we saw on TV were true.(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。
※ After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
※That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.※When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。
※My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
高考英语定语从句特殊情况下用法讲解一、考点分析定语从句的介词加关系代词的用法是定居从句中的重难点,在题型上主要在语法填空和翻译句子中考到。
二、专题详解A、定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况1.当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。
Everything that he said was true.2.当先行词被the very(恰恰,正好), the only,any,few,little,no,all修饰时。
This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.The only thing that is constant is change.There was little that we could do to help her.3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.What is the first American film that you have seen?5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6.当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?7.先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.He is not the man (that) he seems.B、定语从句中只能用which引导的情况①当关系代词的前面有介词时.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?②在非限制性定语从句中.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming verypopular in our country.③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .What's that which she is looking at?C、定语从句中只能用who引导的情况在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用,但在下列情况中只能用who,而不能用that。
(1)先行词是one, ones和anyone时,宜用who。
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me don’t please me.Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.(2)先行词是those时,宜用who。
No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake.(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语时,宜用who。
I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in western Yunnan province.(4)一个句子带有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.(5)在there be 开头的句子中,宜用who。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.There are many old men who are against this plan.练习填空1. Here are the most important ones _____33_____ are often mentioned by successful salespeople.2.He talked a lot about things and persons _______they remembered in the school.3. This is one of the best films _______ have been shown this year.4. I'm interested in all ______you have said.5. Who is the man______ is making a speech?6. Anyone who laughs last laughs best.选择1. Who _____ has common sense(常识) will do such a thing?A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that2. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. thatB. thoseC. whichD. what3. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where4. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.A. all whichB. all whatC. that allD. All翻译:1.我已完成了他让我做的一切。
2.他解答出我所见过最难的题目。
3.我需要同你一样的字典。
4.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。
5.我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。
D、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that, who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
A The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.B Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which/that) you asked for.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.C This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.D The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意:1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如:look for, lookafter, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for. (正)This is the watch for which I am looking. (误)The babies (whom/who/that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (误)2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who,若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which;关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)3. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each,few等代词或者数词。