Bibliography 243

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如下：Notes1 卫志强．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．2陈侠，黄希庭，白纲．关于网络成瘾的心理学研究．心里科学进展，2003，（11）：331．1)中文机构文件机构名．文件名．出版年代：页码．1中国国家教育部．关于加强高等院校德育教师队伍建设的决定．1998：2．2)中文著作，一个作者：作者名．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．1卫志强．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．3)中文著作：两个或者三个作者：作者名（用逗号隔开）．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．2陈侠，黄希庭，白纲．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．4)中文著作：三个以上作者：作者名（用空格隔开）等．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．3陈侠等．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：2．5)中文期刊文章：（作者多人以上参照中文著作方式给作者名）作者名．文章名．期刊名，出版年代，（期数）：页码．4陈侠，黄希庭，白纲．关于网络成瘾的心理学研究．心里科学进展，2003，（11）：331．6)中文文集文章：作者名．文章名．文集主编名．文集名．文集出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．5陈侠．关于网络成瘾的心理学研究．卫志强编．当代跨学科语言学．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：331．7)中文译著：作者名．书名．译者名译．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．6威廉•莎士比亚．罗密欧与朱丽叶．卫志强译．北京：北京语言学院出版社，1992：15．8)中文工具书：主编名（责任人名）编．书名．出版地：出版社，出版年代：页码．7简清国，林茂竹编．英汉多功能词典．北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994：1134．9)英文专著，一个作者：作者名．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．8Wang Cunmei．The Investigation of Language Performance about Popular Language of Network．(Wuhan：Wuhan University Press, 2004) 6-7．10)英文专著，两个或者三个作者：作者名（用and连接）．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．9C. A. Dwyer and Zhou Ruanyan．The Investigation of Language Performance about Popular Language of Network．(Wuhan：Wuhan University Press, 2004) 6-7．11)英文专著，三个以上作者：作者名et al．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．10Wang Cunmei et al．The Investigation of Language Performance about Popular Language of Network．(Wuhan：Wuhan University Press, 2004) 6-7．12)英文期刊文章：（作者多人以上参照英文著作方式给作者名）作者名．文章名．期刊名，出版年代，（期数）：页码．11C. A. Dwyer．Assessment and Classroom Learning: Theory and Practice．Assessment in Education, 1998, (1)：111．13)英文文集文章：（包括TCLC, NCLC等大型文献性文集）作者名．文章名．文集主编名, Ed．文集名．(文集出版地：出版社，出版年代) 页码．12Qin Hui．On Localization of the Communicative Approach．Liu Shoulan and Qin Hui, Ed．Teaching English as a Foreign Language—Current Issues．V ol 2．(Kunming: Yunnan University Press, 2002) 9．14)英文工具书：主编名（责任人名）编．书名．（出版地：出版社，出版年代）页码．13Jian Qingguo．A Multifunction English-Chinese Dictionary．(Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1994) 1109．15)网络资源：作者名．文章名．网站名称．（网址）．14卫广新．新课程与角色的转换．香港大学图书馆．（http://sunzil.lib.hku.hk/view/32/3200054.pdf）．*只能接受以.pdf, .html, .htm, .php, .asp为结尾的网址。

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bibliographyBibliographyIntroduction:In the academic and research world, the importance of a bibliography cannot be overstated. A bibliography is a comprehensive list of the sources used in a research paper, thesis, or any other written work. It serves multiple purposes, including acknowledging the original authors and their contributions, avoiding plagiarism, providing additional sources for readers to explore, and establishing the credibility of the work.Purpose of a Bibliography:The primary purpose of a bibliography is to give credit to the authors of referenced works. By citing the sources used, researchers show respect for the original authors' ideas and expertise. Additionally, a bibliography allows readers to verify the information presented in the paper and delve deeper into the topic. It also serves as a roadmap for future researchers who want to explore the same or related subjects.Components of a Bibliography:A bibliography typically includes various components, depending on the citation style used. The most common elements found in a bibliography are:1. Author's Name: The surname and first name or initials of the author should be provided. In the case of multiple authors, all their names should be listed.2. Title of the Work: The title of the book, article, or document being referenced should be included. If it is an article or chapter within a larger work, it should be enclosed in quotation marks.3. Publication Information: This includes the name of the book or journal, the publisher, and the publication date. For journals, the volume and issue numbers, as well as the page range, should also be mentioned.4. Web Sources: When citing online sources, the URL, access date, and any associated digital object identifier (DOI) shouldbe included. In some cases, if the webpage does not provide the author's name or publication date, it may be omitted.5. Additional Information: Depending on the citation style, additional information such as the edition, translator's name, or specific page numbers may be required.Citation Styles:There are various citation styles used in different academic disciplines. The most widely used citation styles include:1. APA (American Psychological Association): Commonly used in social sciences, education, and psychology-related fields.2. MLA (Modern Language Association): Primarily used in humanities and liberal arts subjects.3. Chicago/Turabian: Used for history, social sciences, and natural sciences.4. Harvard: Widely used in the sciences and social sciences.5. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): Mainly used in engineering, computer science, and information technology.Each citation style has specific guidelines for formatting the bibliography and in-text citations, so it is crucial to adhere to the specific style required by the institution or publisher.Benefits of a Bibliography:Apart from acknowledging the original sources and preventing plagiarism, a well-constructed bibliography offers several benefits to both the writer and the reader. These include:1. Enhancing Credibility: By providing a comprehensive list of references, the author demonstrates that their work is built upon a sound foundation and relies on accurate and reliable information.2. Extending Knowledge: Readers can use the bibliography to explore additional sources related to the topic. This not onlyimproves their understanding but also allows them to explore different perspectives and build their own knowledge base.3. Simplifying the Research Process: Researchers can save time and effort by referring to the bibliography of a well-written paper. Often, the bibliography itself directs readers to key works, eliminating the need for them to search for relevant sources from scratch.Conclusion:In conclusion, a bibliography is an indispensable component of any academic or research paper. It serves as a testament to the author's academic integrity, provides a roadmap for further exploration, and allows readers to verify and extend their knowledge. By understanding the purpose and components of a bibliography and adhering to the appropriate citation style, researchers can ensure that their work remains credible and contributes to the existing body of knowledge.。

BibliographyAlmqvist Norbelie, Barbro. “Oppressive Narrowness”: A Study of the Female Community in George Eliot’s Early Writings. Philadelphia: Coronet Books Inc.,1992.Anolik, Ruth B. and Douglas L. Howard, eds. The Gothic Other: Radical and Social Constructions in the Literary Imagination. Jefferson, N. C.: McFarland & Co.,2004.Bernstein, Susan David. Confessional Subjects: Revelations of Gender and Power in Victorian Literature and Culture. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1997. Bourke, Joanna. Fear: A Culture History. London: Virago, 2005.Briggs, Asa. Victorian People: A Reassessment of Persons and Themes, 1851-67.Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1970.Day, William P. In the Circles of Fear and Desire: A Study of Gothic Fantasy. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1985.Eliot, George. Adam Bede. New York: Penguin, 2008.Fisher, Trevor. Scandal: the Sexual Politics of Late Victorian Britain. Gloucestershire: A.Sutton, 1995.Gregg, Melissa and Gregory J. Seigworth, eds. The Affect Theory Reader. Durham: Duke UP, 2010.Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the d’Urbervilles. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1983.Hallissy, Margaret. Venomous Woman: A Fear of the Female in Literature. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.Hancock, Stephen. The Romantic Sublime and Middle-Class Subjectivity in the Victorian Novel. New York: Routledge, 2005.Harré, Rom and Fathali M. Moghaddam, eds. The Self and Others: Positioning Individuals and Groups in Personal, Political, and Cultural Contexts. Westport,Ct.: Praeger, 2003.Hebblethwaite, Kate and Elizabeth McCarthy, eds. Fear: Essays on the Meaning and Experience of Fear. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2007.Jaffe, Audrey. Scenes of Sympathy: Identity and Representation in Victorian Fiction.Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2000.Kalaga, Wojciech, ed. Civilisation and Fear: Anxiety and the Writing of the Subject.Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.Marck, Nancy A. “Narrative Transference and Female Narcissism: the Social Message of Adam Bede.” Studies in the Novel. 35.4 (2003): 447-70.Meyers, Helene. Femicidal Fears: Narratives of the Female Gothic Experience. Albany: State U of New York P, 2001.Mitchell, Judith. The Stone and the Scorpion: the Female Subject of Desire in the Novels of Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy. Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1994.Navarette, Susan J. The Shape of Fear: Horror and the Fin de Siècle Culture of Decadence. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1998.Parks, Tim. “Fear and Courage Versus Good and Evil: Warring Polarities in the Writings of Thomas Hardy and D. H. Lawrence.”Thomas Hardy Journal. 26 (2010): 151-72.Panek, Jennifer. “Constructions of Masculinity in Adam Bede and Wives and Daughters.”Victorian Review. 22.2 (1996): 127-51.Ragussis, Michael. “Tess of the d’Urbervilles.” Acts of Naming: the Family Plot in Fiction. New York: Oxford UP, 1986.Tague, Gregory. Character and Consciousness: George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, E. M.Forster, D. H. Lawrence (Phenomenological, Ecological, and Ethical Readings).Bethesda, Md.: Academica, 2005.Young, Kay. Imagining Minds: the Neuro-Aesthetics of Austen, Eliot, and Hardy.Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2010.。

Bibliography FormatsA bibliography should cite all the sources used in preparing a speech — including Internet documents, personal interviews, and television programs, as well as print materials such asbooks,newspaper and magazine articles,reference works,government documents,and the like.There are a number of bibliographical formats,and you should check with your instructor to see which she or he wants you to follow. Examples of the two major formats—from the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Modern Language Association(MLA) —are provided below.Book: Single AuthorMLA Ramos, Jorge.Dying to Cross: The Worst Immigrant Tragedy in American History. New York: Harper, 2005.APARamos, J. (2005).Dying to cross: The worst immigrant tragedy in American history. New York: HarperCollins.Book: Two or More AuthorsMLA Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner.Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: Morrow-Harper, 2005.APA Levitt, S. D., & Dubner, S. J. (2005).Freakonomics: A rogue economist explores the hidden side of everything. New York: William Morrow.Book: Second or Later EditionMLAFishman, Stephen.The Public Domain: How to Find & Use Copyright-Free Writings, Music, Art & More. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Nolo, 2004.APA Fishman, S. (2004).The public domain: How to find & use copyright-free writings, music, art, & more(2nd ed.). Berkeley: Nolo.Book: Corporate AuthorMLA Mayo Clinic Health Information.Mayo Clinic Guide to Women's Cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information, 2005.APA Mayo Clinic Health Information. (2005).Mayo clinic guide to women's cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information.Book: Anthology or CompilationMLA Sloane, Thomas O., ed.Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. APA Sloane, T. O. (Ed.). (2001).Encyclopedia of rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press. Chapter in Anthology or CompilationMLA Lucas, Stephen E. "Public Speaking."Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Ed. Thomas O. Sloane. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 640-47.APA Lucas, S. E. (2001). Public Speaking. In T. O. Sloane (Ed.),Encyclopedia of rhetoric (pp. 640-647). New York: Oxford University Press.Signed Magazine ArticleMLA Johnson, Steven. "Your Brain on Video Games: Could They Actually be Good for You?"Discover July 2005: 38-43.APAJohnson, S. (2005, July). Your brain on video games: Could they actually be good for you?Discover, 26, 38-43.Unsigned Magazine ArticleMLA"Banking for Native Americans: On the Trail."Economist19 Feb. 2005: 70.APA Banking for native Americans: On the trail. (2005, February 19).Economist, 374, 70. Journal Article, Continuous PaginationMolinsky, Andrew L., Mary Anne Krabbenhoft, Nalini Ambady, and Y. Susan Choi. "Cracking theMLA Nonverbal Code: Intercultural Competence and Gesture Recognition Across Cultures."Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology36 (2005): 380-395.Molinsky, A. L., Krabbenhoft, M. A., Ambady, N., & Choi, Y. S. (2005). Cracking the nonverbalAPA code: Intercultural competence and gesture recognition across cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 380-395.Journal Article, Noncontinuous PaginationMLA Gómez, Christina. "Latino Diversity and Political Representation."Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies 1.2 (2004): 19-32.APA Gómez, C. (2004). Latino diversity and political representation.Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies, 1(2), 19-32.Signed Newspaper ArticleMLA Elliot, Andrea. "In a Now-Suspicious America, Muslim Converts Face Discrimination."New York Times30 Apr. 2005, natl. ed.: A13.APAElliot, A. (2005, April 30). In a now-suspicious America, Muslim converts face discrimination.New York Times, p. 13A.Unsigned Newspaper ArticleMLA "Fatal Error: Seat-Belt Use Less in Pickups."Chicago Tribune16 May 2005, Midwest ed., sec.1: 6.APA Fatal error: Seat-belt use less in pickups. (2005, May 16).Chicago Tribune, section 1, p. 6. Signed Newspaper EditorialMLA Reyes, Raul A. "Cinco de Mayo and Social Security." A Today 6 May 2005, final ed.: 13A.APA Reyes, R. A. (2005, May 6). Cinco de Mayo and social security [Editorial].USA Today , p. 13A. Unsigned Newspaper EditorialMLA"Sesame Street's Private Road." Editorial.Christian Science Monitor12 May 2005: 8.APA Sesame street's private road [Editorial]. (2005, May 12).Christian Science Monitor, p. 8. Government PublicationMLA United States. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.Indicators of Equal Employment Opportunity—Status and Trends. Washington: GPO, 2004.APAU.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004).Indicators of equal employment opportunity—Status and trends. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Signed Article in Reference WorkMLA Alvarez-Smith, Alma. "Pantoja, Antonia."Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Ed. Cordelia Ch vezáCandelaria. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004.APA Alvarez-Smith, A. (2004). Pantoja, Antonia. In C. C. Candelaria (Ed.),Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture(Vol. 2, pp. 613-614). Westport, CT: Greenwood.Unsigned Article in Reference WorkMLA "Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart."African-American Political Leaders. Ed. Charles W. Carey, Jr. New York: Facts on File, 2004.APA Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart. (2004). In C. W. Carey, Jr. (Ed.),African-American political leaders(pp. 212-215). New York: Facts on File.Personal InterviewMLA Velasquez, Andrew. Personal interview. 12 July 2005.APA A. Velasquez (personal communication, July 12, 2005)Letter or E-Mail CommunicationMLA Ahmed, Mohammed. E-mail interview. 11 Feb. 2005.APA M. Ahmed (personal communication, February 11, 2005)Speech or LectureHuang, Wensha. Lecture on water pollution. Geography 212: Environmental Science. University MLAof Florida. 25 Feb. 2005.Huang, W. (2005, February 25). Water pollution [Lecture]. In Geography 212: Environmental APAscience. University of Florida.Television ProgramMLA"Medical Tourists." Narr. Bob Simon. I. CBS. WCBS, New York. 24 Apr. 2005.APA Olian, C. (Producer). (2005, April 24). Medical tourists [Television broadcast]. In Sixty minutes .New York: Columbia Broadcasting System.FilmMLA The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till. Dir. Keith A. Beauchamp. SJL Management, 2004.Beauchamp, K. A. (Director). (2004).The untold story of Emmett Louis Till[Motion picture]. APA United States. (Available from SJL Management, 400 East 58th Street, Suite 7G, New York,NY 10022)Article in Scholarly Journal Reprinted OnlineFrith, Katherine, Ping Shaw, and Hong Cheng. "The Construction of Beauty: A Cross-CulturalMLA Analysis of Women's Magazine Advertising."Journal of Communication55.1 (2005): 56-70.27 Apr. 2005 </cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdf>.Frith, K., Shaw, P., & Cheng, H. (2005). The construction of beauty: A cross-cultural analysis ofAPA women's magazine advertising.Journal of Communication, 55, 56-70. Retrieved April 27, 2005, from /cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdfArticle in Online Scholarly JournalKelsey, Kathleen D., and Alan D'souza. "Student Motivation for Learning at a Distance: DoesMLAOnline Journal of Distance Learning Administration7.2 (2004): 13 pp.Interaction Matter?"30 Apr. 2005 </%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.html>.Kelsey, K. D., & D'souza, A. (2004). Student motivation for learning at a distance: DoesAPA interaction matter? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration , 7(2). Retrieved April 30, 2005, from /%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.htmlOnline Government PublicationUnited States. Dept. of Energy. Energy Information Administration. Office of Integrated AnalysisMLA and Forecasting.Annual Energy Outlook 2005 With Projections to 2025. Feb. 2005. 13 May 2005 </oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdf>.United States Department of Energy, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. (2005,APA February).Annual energy outlook 2005 with projections to 2025. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from /oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdfOnline Newspaper ArticleWulfhorst, Ellen. "Study: Blogs Haven't Displaced Media."Washington Post16 May 2005. 17 May MLA2005 </wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/16/AR2005051600884.html>.APAWulfhorst, E. (2005, May 16). Study: Blogs haven't displaced media.Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2005, from Online EditorialKinsley, Michael. "Remember: You Can't Swat a Fly with a Computer." Editorial.Los AngelesMLA Times 8 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-ed>.Kinsley, M. (2005, May 8). Remember: You can't swat a fly with a computer [Editorial].Los APA Angeles Times. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-edOnline Magazine ArticleMLAHerper, Matthew. "Race-Based Medicine Arrives." 10 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.html>.APA Herper, M. (2005, May 10). Race-based medicine . Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.htmlDocument Accessed from Online ServiceMcCartney, Anthony. "Online Thieves Are Fishing For Suckers."Tampa Tribune9 Feb. 2005: 9. MLA Academic Universe: News. Lexis-Nexis. Memorial Library, Madison, WI. 4 June 2005</universe/>.APA McCartney, A. (2005, February 9). Online thieves are fishing for suckers.Tampa Tribune .Retrieved April 29, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe database.Online Document from BroadcastMLA "Paleontologist Disputes Altering Discovery.". 2005. Cable News Network. 13 May 2005 </2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap/index.html>.Paleontologist disputes altering discovery. (2005, May 13).Cable News Network. Retrieved MayAPA13, 2005, from /2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap /index.html。

bibliography的英文介绍Bibliography是指一个文献清单或书目，其中列出了某个学科或主题领域内的所有参考书籍、期刊、文章和其他来源。

在学术和研究领域中，Bibliography是非常重要的，因为它可以帮助读者深入了解某个领域内最新的研究成果，也可以为其他学者提供参考，促进学术交流和合作。

Bibliography通常会按照一定的格式来列出引用文献的信息。

下面是一些常见的Bibliography格式：1. MLA格式：这是一种非常常见的学术论文引用格式。

在此格式下，书目通常会以作者姓名、书名、出版信息等方式列出。

2. APA格式：这种格式经常用于心理学和社会科学领域的论文和研究。

在APA格式下，书目通常会以作者、出版年份、书名、出版商等方式列出。

3. Chicago格式：这是一种比较详细的书目格式，通常会列出对于每个书目信息的详细描述。

在此格式下，书目通常会按照作者、书名、出版商、出版年份、页码等方式详细描述。

Bibliography也可以根据不同的主题或研究领域进行分类。

下面是一些常见的Bibliography分类：1. 主题Bibliography：这种Bibliography主要针对某个特定主题或领域进行整理分类。

例如，一本关于爱因斯坦的书籍的Bibliography就是一个针对物理学领域的主题Bibliography。

2. 作者Bibliography：这种Bibliography列出一个作者的所有书籍和文章，帮助研究者全面了解该作者的研究成果。

3. 期刊Bibliography：这种Bibliography列出某个期刊上发表的所有文章，帮助读者了解该期刊上的最新研究成果。

Bibliography的作用和价值不仅仅在于提供参考和引用，还可以帮助读者进行更深入的研究和思考。

对于研究者来说，Bibliography是一个极具价值的资源，可以节约大量的时间和精力，为他们的研究工作提供帮助和支持。

Bibliography FormatsA bibliography should cite all the sources used in preparing a speech—including Internet documents, personal interviews, and television programs, as well as print materials such as books, newspaper and magazine articles, reference works, government documents, and the like. There are a number of bibliographical formats, and you should check with your instructor to see which she or he wants you to follow. Examples of the two major formats—from the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Modern Language Association (MLA)—are provided below.Book: Single AuthorMLA Ramos, Jorge. Dying to Cross: The Worst Immigrant Tragedy in American History. New York: Harper, 2005.APA Ramos, J. (2005). Dying to cross: The worst immigrant tragedy in American history. New York: HarperCollins.Book: Two or More AuthorsMLA Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: Morrow-Harper, 2005.APA Levitt, S. D., & Dubner, S. J. (2005). Freakonomics: A rogue economist explores the hidden side of everything. New York: William Morrow.Book: Second or Later EditionMLA Fishman, Stephen. The Public Domain: How to Find & Use Copyright-Free Writings, Music, Art & More. 2nd ed. Berkeley: Nolo, 2004.APA Fishman, S. (2004). The public domain: How to find & use copyright-free writings, music, art, & more (2nd ed.). Berkeley: Nolo.Book: Corporate AuthorMLA Mayo Clinic Health Information. Mayo Clinic Guide to Women's Cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information, 2005.APA Mayo Clinic Health Information. (2005). Mayo clinic guide to women's cancers. Rochester, MN: Mayo Clinic Health Information.Book: Anthology or CompilationMLA Sloane, Thomas O., ed. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. APA Sloane, T. O. (Ed.). (2001). Encyclopedia of rhetoric. New York: Oxford University Press. Chapter in Anthology or CompilationMLA Lucas, Stephen E. "Public Speaking." Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Ed. Thomas O. Sloane. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. 640-47.APA Lucas, S. E. (2001). Public Speaking. In T. O. Sloane (Ed.), Encyclopedia of rhetoric (pp. 640-647). New York: Oxford University Press.Signed Magazine ArticleMLA Johnson, Steven. "Your Brain on Video Games: Could They Actually be Good for You?" Discover July 2005: 38-43.APA Johnson, S. (2005, July). Your brain on video games: Could they actually be good for you?Discover, 26, 38-43.Unsigned Magazine ArticleMLA "Banking for Native Americans: On the Trail." Economist 19 Feb. 2005: 70.APA Banking for native Americans: On the trail. (2005, February 19). Economist, 374, 70. Journal Article, Continuous PaginationMLA Molinsky, Andrew L., Mary Anne Krabbenhoft, Nalini Ambady, and Y. Susan Choi. "Cracking the Nonverbal Code: Intercultural Competence and Gesture Recognition Across Cultures."Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 36 (2005): 380-395.APA Molinsky, A. L., Krabbenhoft, M. A., Ambady, N., & Choi, Y. S. (2005). Cracking the nonverbal code: Intercultural competence and gesture recognition across cultures. Journal ofCross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 380-395.Journal Article, Noncontinuous PaginationMLA Gómez, Christina. "Latino Diversity and Political Representation." Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies 1.2 (2004): 19-32.APA Gómez, C. (2004). Latino diversity and political representation. Journal of Latino-Latin American Studies, 1(2), 19-32.Signed Newspaper ArticleMLA Elliot, Andrea. "In a Now-Suspicious America, Muslim Converts Face Discrimination." New York Times 30 Apr. 2005, natl. ed.: A13.APA Elliot, A. (2005, April 30). In a now-suspicious America, Muslim converts face discrimination. New York Times, p. 13A.Unsigned Newspaper ArticleMLA "Fatal Error: Seat-Belt Use Less in Pickups." Chicago Tribune 16 May 2005, Midwest ed., sec.1: 6.APA Fatal error: Seat-belt use less in pickups. (2005, May 16). Chicago Tribune, section 1, p. 6. Signed Newspaper EditorialMLA Reyes, Raul A. "Cinco de Mayo and Social Security." Editorial. USA Today 6 May 2005, final ed.: 13A.APA Reyes, R. A. (2005, May 6). Cinco de Mayo and social security [Editorial]. USA Today, p. 13A. Unsigned Newspaper EditorialMLA "Sesame Street's Private Road." Editorial. Christian Science Monitor 12 May 2005: 8.APA Sesame street's private road [Editorial]. (2005, May 12). Christian Science Monitor, p. 8. Government PublicationMLA United States. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Indicators of Equal Employment Opportunity—Status and Trends. Washington: GPO, 2004.APA U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2004). Indicators of equal employment opportunity—Status and trends. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Signed Article in Reference WorkMLA Alvarez-Smith, Alma. "Pantoja, Antonia." Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture. Ed. Cordelia Chávez Candelaria. 2 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2004.APA Alvarez-Smith, A. (2004). Pantoja, Antonia. In C. C. Candelaria (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Latino popular culture (Vol. 2, pp. 613-614). Westport, CT: Greenwood.Unsigned Article in Reference WorkMLA "Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart." African-American Political Leaders. Ed. Charles W. Carey, Jr. New York: Facts on File, 2004.APA Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart. (2004). In C. W. Carey, Jr. (Ed.), African-American political leaders (pp. 212-215). New York: Facts on File.Personal InterviewMLA Velasquez, Andrew. Personal interview. 12 July 2005. APA A. Velasquez (personal communication, July 12, 2005) Letter or E-Mail CommunicationMLA Ahmed, Mohammed. E-mail interview. 11 Feb. 2005. APA M. Ahmed (personal communication, February 11, 2005) Speech or LectureMLA Huang, Wensha. Lecture on water pollution. Geography 212: Environmental Science. University of Florida. 25 Feb. 2005.APA Huang, W. (2005, February 25). Water pollution [Lecture]. In Geography 212: Environmental science. University of Florida.Television ProgramMLA "Medical Tourists." Narr. Bob Simon. I. CBS. WCBS, New York. 24 Apr. 2005.APA Olian, C. (Producer). (2005, April 24). Medical tourists [Television broadcast]. In Sixty minutes. New York: Columbia Broadcasting System.FilmMLA The Untold Story of Emmett Louis Till. Dir. Keith A. Beauchamp. SJL Management, 2004.APA Beauchamp, K. A. (Director). (2004). The untold story of Emmett Louis Till [Motion picture].United States. (Available from SJL Management, 400 East 58th Street, Suite 7G, New York, NY 10022)Article in Scholarly Journal Reprinted OnlineMLA Frith, Katherine, Ping Shaw, and Hong Cheng. "The Construction of Beauty: A Cross-CulturalAnalysis of Women's Magazine Advertising." Journal of Communication 55.1 (2005): 56-70.27 Apr. 2005 </cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdf>.APA Frith, K., Shaw, P., & Cheng, H. (2005). The construction of beauty: A cross-cultural analysis of women's magazine advertising. Journal of Communication, 55, 56-70. Retrieved April 27, 2005, from /cgi/reprint/55/1/56.pdfArticle in Online Scholarly JournalMLA Kelsey, Kathleen D., and Alan D'souza. "Student Motivation for Learning at a Distance: DoesInteraction Matter?" Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration 7.2 (2004): 13 pp.30 Apr. 2005 </%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.html>.APA Kelsey, K. D., & D'souza, A. (2004). Student motivation for learning at a distance: Doesinteraction matter? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 7(2). Retrieved April 30, 2005, from /%7Edistance/ojdla/summer72/kelsey72.htmlOnline Government PublicationMLA United States. Dept. of Energy. Energy Information Administration. Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. Annual Energy Outlook 2005 With Projections to 2025. Feb. 2005. 13 May 2005 </oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdf>.APA United States Department of Energy, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting. (2005,February). Annual energy outlook 2005 with projections to 2025. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from /oiaf/aeo/pdf/0383(2005).pdfOnline Newspaper ArticleMLA Wulfhorst, Ellen. "Study: Blogs Haven't Displaced Media." Washington Post 16 May 2005. 17 May 2005 </wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/16/AR2005051600884.html>.APA Wulfhorst, E. (2005, May 16). Study: Blogs haven't displaced media. Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2005, from Online EditorialMLA Kinsley, Michael. "Remember: You Can't Swat a Fly with a Computer." Editorial. Los Angeles Times 8 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-ed>.APA Kinsley, M. (2005, May 8). Remember: You can't swat a fly with a computer [Editorial]. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /news/opinion/la-oe-kinsley8may08,1,7723084.column?coll=la-util-op-edOnline Magazine ArticleMLA Herper, Matthew. "Race-Based Medicine Arrives." 10 May 2005. 11 May 2005 </business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.html>.APA Herper, M. (2005, May 10). Race-based medicine arrives. . Retrieved May 11, 2005, from /business/2005/05/10/cx_mh_0509racemedicine.htmlDocument Accessed from Online ServiceMLA McCartney, Anthony. "Online Thieves Are Fishing For Suckers." Tampa Tribune 9 Feb. 2005: 9. Academic Universe: News. Lexis-Nexis. Memorial Library, Madison, WI. 4 June 2005</universe/>.APA McCartney, A. (2005, February 9). Online thieves are fishing for suckers. Tampa Tribune. Retrieved April 29, 2005, from Lexis/Nexis Academic Universe database.Online Document from BroadcastMLA "Paleontologist Disputes Altering Discovery." . 2005. Cable News Network. 13 May 2005 </2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap/index.html>.APA Paleontologist disputes altering discovery. (2005, May 13). Cable News Network. Retrieved May 13, 2005, from /2005/TECH/science/05/13/paleontologist.movies.ap /index.html。

BibliographyChinese LiteratureNewspapers and PeriodicalsJianchayuan gongbao監察院公報 [Bulletin of Control Yuan]Jingji ribao經濟日報 [Economy Daily News] (EDN)Kejia fengyun客家風雲 [The Hakka Storm]Lianhebao聯合報 [United Daily News] (UDN)Minshengbao民生報 [People’s Livelihood Newspaper] (PLN)Taiwan shengzhengfu gongbao 臺灣省政府公報[Bulletin of Taiwan Provincial Government] Taiwansheng xingzheng zhangguan gongshu gongbao臺灣省行政長官公署公報 [Bulletin of Taiwan Provincial Administrative Executive Office]Zhongguo shibao中國時報 [China Times]Zhongyang ribao中央日報 [Central Daily News]News]Xinshengbao新生報[XinshengPublished Works and DissertationsAssociation of Taiwanese Hakka Public Affairs (Ed.). (1993). Taiwan kejiaren xinlun 臺灣客家人新論[New Discourse of Taiwanese Hakka]. Taipei: Taiyuan.Cai, Wen-yi 蔡文怡 (Ed.). (1982). Jiaxiangwei 家鄉味 [Tastes of Home]. Taipei: Zhongyang ribao. Cao, Jie-yi 曹介逸(1958). Shenghuo xisu bianqian tan 生活習俗變遷談[On the Transformation of Living Habits]. Taibei wenwu 臺北文物, 6(3), 77-91.) (1997). Taiwan de zhengzhi zhuanxing yu zhengzhi de Chang, Mau-kuei (Zhang, Mao-gui張茂桂“zuqunhua” guocheng 臺灣的政治轉型與政治的「族群化」過程 [Political Transformationand “Ethnicization” Process in Taiwan]. In Z.-f. Shi (Ed.), Zuqun zhengzhi yu zhengce 族群政治與政策 [Ethnic Politics and Policy] (pp. 37-71). Taipei: Qianwei.Chen, Long-zhi 陳隆志 (1993). Taiwan de duli yu jianguo 臺灣的獨立與建國[Independence and Nation-Building of Taiwan]. Taipei: Yuedan.215Chen, Ming-hong 陳銘鴻 (2004). “Jujue piaoliu”— Li Guo-xiu juzuo zhuti zhi yanjiu 「拒絕漂流」—李國修劇作主題之研究[Refuse Diaspora: A Case Study of Hugh Lee’sTheatre Works]. M.A. Thesis, Jing-yi University, Taizhong.Chen, Ren-he 陳仁和 (Ed.). (1987). Dachendao: Yingxiong zhidao 大陳島—英雄之島 [Dachen Island--the Island of Hero]. Taipei: Editor.Chen, Si-he 陳思和 (1999). Shilun xiandai sanwen chuangzuo zhong de tan “chi” chuantong 試論現代散文創作中的談「吃」傳統 [Discussion on “Eating” in Modern Prose Writing].In T. Jiao & S.-f. Lin (Eds.), Ganfu fanhua shengfang de xiangyan: inshi wenxue guojiyantaohui lunwenji 趕赴繁花盛放的饗宴：飲食文學國際硏討會論文集 [Hurrying to theBlossom Feast--Collection of Conference Papers on Culinary Literature]. Taipei: Shibau. Chen, Xing-tang 陳興唐 (Ed.). (1992). Taiwan “228” shijian dangan shiliao臺灣「二．二八」事件檔案史料[Historical Archives of 228 Incident in Taiwan].Taipei: Renjian.(I) (II)Chen, Zhen-fu 陳振夫 (1982). Dachendao wangshi jishu 大陳島往事記述（上）（下）[Stories about Dachen Island (I) (II)]. Zhuanji wenxue [AutobiographyLiterature], 40(4) pp. 10-16; 40(5) pp. 103-110.Corcuff, Stephane (2004). Fenghe rinuan: Taiwan waishengren yu guojia rentong de zhuanbian 風和日暖：臺灣外省人與國家認同的轉變 [Gentle Breeze and Warm Sunshine:Mainlanders and the Transformation of National Identity]. Taipei: Yunchen wenhua.Council for Hakka Affairs (2004) (2008). Quanguo kejia renkou jichu ziliao diaocha yanjiu 全國客家人口基礎資料調查研究[The Basic Survey and Research for the NationwidePopulation of the Hakkas]. Taipei: Council for Hakka Affairs.--- (Ed.). 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Daiichiji Taiwan kinyû jikô sankôsho huroku: Taiwan kinyû jijô shisatsu hukumêsho 第一次臺灣金融事項參考書附錄：臺灣金融事情視察復命書 [Appendix of the First Taiwan Financial Reference: Inspection Report of Taiwan Financial Circumstances]. Taipei: Taiwan ginkô sômubu.Taiwan Kanshû Kenkûkai (Ed.). (1901-1907). Taiwan kanshû kiji 臺灣慣習記事[Records of Taiwanese Customs]. Taipei: Taiwan kanshû kenkûkai.Taiwan Ryokan Kumiai Rengôkai 臺灣旅館組合聯合會 (1935). Taiwan no tabi 臺灣の旅[Journey in Taiwan]. Taipei: Taiwan ryokan kumiai rengôkai.Taiwan Sôtokuhu Kanbô Chyôsaka 臺灣總督府官房調查課 (Ed.). (1928). Taiwan zaiseki kanminzoku kyôkanbetsu chyôsa臺灣在籍漢民族鄉貫別調查 [Survey of the Hometown of the Han people in Taiwan]. Taipei: Taiwanjihô hakkôjo.Taiwan Sôtokuhu Minseibu Bunshoka (Ed.). (1899-1944). Taiwan sôtokuhu tôkeisho臺灣總督府統計書[Taiwan Government-General Statistics Books]. Taipei: Taiwan sôtokuhu kanbô chyôsaka.Taiwan Sôtokuhu Shokusankyoku 臺灣總督府殖產局 (1922).Taiwan nôka shokuryô shôhi chôsa臺灣農家食糧消費調查 [The Survey of Staple Food in Taiwanese Peasant Household]. Taipei: Taiwan sôtokuhu shokusankyoku.Tôhô Takayoshi 東方孝義 (1997 [1942]). Taiwan shuzoku 臺灣習俗[Taiwanese Customs]. Taipei: Nantien.226English LiteratureAbarca, Meredith E. (2004). Authentic or Not, It’s Original. Food and Foodways, 12, 1-25. Anderson, Benedict (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London; New York: Verso.Anderson, Eugene N. (1988). The Food of China. New Haven: Yale University Press.Appadurai, Arjun (1986). The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge;New York: Cambridge University Press.--- (1988). How to Make a National Cuisine: Cookbooks in Contemporary India. Comparative Study of Society and History, 30(1), 3-24.Assmann, Jan (1995). Collective Memory and Cultural Identity (J. Czaplicka, Trans.). New German Critique, 65, 125-133.--- (2006). Religion and Cultural Memory: Ten Studies (R. Livingstone, Trans.). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Augustin-Jean, Louis (2002). Food Consumption, Food Perception and the Search for a Macanese Identity. In D. Y. H. Wu & S. C. H. Cheung (Eds.), The Globalization of Chinese Food (pp.113-127). Richmond, Surrey Curzon.Bahloul, Joëlle (1996). The Architecture of Memory: A Jewish-Muslim Household in Colonial Algeria, 1937-1962. New York: Cambridge University Press.Ball, Eric L. (2003). Greek Food after Mousaka: Cookbooks, ‘Local’ Culture, and the Cretan Diet.Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 21(1), 1-36.Baumann, Martin (2000). Diaspora: Genealogies of Semantics and Transcultural Comparison. Numen, 47(3), 313-337.Beardsworth, Alan, & Keil, Teresa (1997). Sociology on the Menu: An Invitation to the Study of Food and Society. London; New York: Routledge.Becker, Gay, Beyene, Yewoubdar, & Ken, Pauline (2000). Memory, Trauma, and Embodied Distress: The Management of Disruption in the Stories of Cambodians in Exile. Ethos, 28(3), 320-345. Beinin, Joel (1998). The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora. Berkeley: University of California Press.Belasco, Warren James, & Scranton, Philip (2002). Food Nations: Selling Taste in Consumer Societies.New York: Routledge.227Bell, David, & Valentine, Gill (1997). Consuming Geographies: We Are Where We Eat. London; New York: Routledge.Ben-Ze’ev, Efrat (2004). The Politics of Taste and Smell: Palestinian Rites of Return. In M. E. Lien &B. Nerlich (Eds.), The Politics of Food (pp. 141-160). Oxford: Berg.Bentley, Amy (1998). Eating for Victory: Food Rationing and the Politics of Domesticity. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Billiard, Elise (2006). When Tradition Becomes Trendy: Social Distinction in Maltese Food Culture.Anthropological Notebooks, 12(1), 113-126.Billig, Michael (1995). Banal Nationalism. London; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.Bosco, Joseph (1994). The Emergence of a Taiwanese Popular Culture. In M. A. Rubinstein (Ed.), The Other Taiwan: 1945 to the Present (pp. 392-403). Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Bourdieu, Pierre (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.--- (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Boyarin, Daniel, & Boyarin, Jonathan (1993). Diaspora: Generation and the Ground of Jewish Identity.Critical Inquiry, 19(4), 693-725.Brown, Melissa J. (2003). The Cultural Impact of Gendered Social Roles and Ethnicity: Changing Religious Practices in Taiwan. Journal of Anthropological Research, 59(1), 47-67.--- (2004). Is Taiwan Chinese? The Impact of Culture, Power, and Migration on Changing Identities.Berkeley: University of California Press.Butler, Judith (1993). Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”. New York: Routledge. Caldwell, Melissa L. 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考研英语常见词汇汇总（1200个）A1、accommodate 使适应，使符合一致2、accompany 陪伴，伴随3、accomplish 达到（目得），完成（任务）4、accord 使符合，相一致(with)5、aggravate 使恶化；使严重6、auto-pilot a、自动导航得7、anemia 反常得8、ancestor n、祖先，先驱，起源9、accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚10、abolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）11、accuse 指控，指责12、absolute 纯粹得，完全得13、acquaint 使认识，使了解14、ambiguous 含糊不清得，模棱两可得15、abrupt 突然得，意外得16、accustom 使习惯于17、acute 尖锐得，敏锐得18、accommodate 使适应，使符合一致19、advantage 有利条件，优点20、address 演说21、adhere 黏附，附着、22、adjacent 临近得，毗邻得23、adjoin 贴近，与、、、毗邻24、administrate 掌管，料理、、、得事务、25、adolescent （尤指16岁以下得）青少年27、advance 使向前移动28、allege 断言，宣称29、allocate 分配，分派，把、、、拨给30、allied 结盟得，有关联得31、allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱32、alternate 交替，轮流33、amateur （艺术，科学等得）业余爱好者34、ambiguous 含糊不清得，模棱两可得35、amend 修改，修订36、amuse 逗乐，逗笑，给、、、提供娱乐（或消遣）37、anchor 锚38、announce 宣布，声称39、annoy 使恼怒，使生气40、anonymous 匿名得，无名得41、anticipate 预期，预料42、apart 成零碎43、apparent 显然得，明明白白得44、artificial 人工得，人造得，人为得45、ascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高46、ascertain 查明，弄清，确定47、ashamed 惭愧得，羞耻得48、ashore 向岸，向陆地49、aside 在旁边50、assault 攻击，袭击51、assemble 集合，召集52、assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言53、assess 估价，评价，评论54、assign 分配，布置（作业）55、assimilate 吸收，消化56、associate （使）联系，（使）结合57、assume 假定，假设58、assure 深信不疑地对、、、、、、说，向、、、、、、保证59、assurance 保证，把握，信心60、astonish 使惊讶61、attach 系，贴，连接62、attain 达到，获得63、attend 出席，参加（会议等）64、attendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率65、attentive 注意得，专心得66、attribute 把归因于，把、、、、、、（过错得责任等）归于(to)67、auxiliary 辅助得68、avail 有利于，有助于69、average 平均数，平均70、avert 挡开，防止，避免80、awake 醒，觉醒81、augment (使)增大，增加，增长，扩张82、August8月83、aunt 姨母，姑母，伯母，婶母，舅母，阿姨84、aural 听觉得，听力得85、authentic 真得，真正得；可靠得，可信得，有根据得86、author作者，作家，著作人；创始人，发起人87、authority 权力，权威；权威人士；(pl、)官方，当局88、auto 汽车89、automatic 自动(装置)得；无意识得90、automation 自动，自动化，自动操作91、autonomy 自治，自治权；92、autumn秋，秋季；成熟期，渐衰期93、auxiliary 辅助得，支援得n、辅助者，辅助设备94、avail 效用,利益95、available (用于物)可利用得；可见到得，接受采访得96、avenue林荫路，大街；(比喻)途径，渠道，方法97、average平均,平均数平均得；普通得98、avert 防止，避免；转移(目光、注意力等)99、aviation航空，航空学；飞机制造业100、await 等候，期待；(事情等)降临于B101、bachelor 单身汉;(亦作B-)学士(学位)102、burglar(入室行窃得)盗贼103、background背景,经历；幕后104、backward 向后得,倒行得,迟钝得105、bait 饵，引诱物106、bake烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干"107、balance 称,(使)平衡108、balcony 阳台；(电影院等得)楼厅，楼座109、bald 秃得,秃头得110、ball球(状物);(正式得)舞会111、ballet芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团112、balloon 气球,飞船113、ballot (不记名)投票；投票总数；投票权114、ban 取缔,查禁;(from)禁止115、band条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙116、bandage 绷带117、bang 砰砰得声音;猛击119、bankrupt 破产得,彻底缺乏得120、banner 旗(帜)121、banquet (正式得)宴会122、barbecue 烤肉；烤肉用得台架123、barber 理发师124、barrel桶;枪管,炮管125、barren 贫瘠得；不育得；(植物)不结果得；无用得126、barrier 栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)127、base 基础,底部;根据地128、baseball棒球129、basement 建筑物得底部,地下室,地窖130、basic 基本得,基础得131、basin 盆,脸盆;内海,盆地132、basis基础,根据133、basket筐，篮，篓134、bean 豆;菜豆,蚕豆"135、bear忍受,容忍;负担136、beard胡须137、bearing轴承；忍受；关系，影响；举止；方向138、beast 兽,牲畜;凶残得人,举止粗鲁得人139、beat敲打;(心脏等)跳动140、beautiful 美得，美丽得；出色得，完美得141、beauty 美，美丽；美人，美丽得事物142、because 因为，由于143、behalf利益144、behave 举止,举动,表现;运转,开动"145、behavior 行为,举止；(机器等)运转情况"146、belief 信任，相信，信念；信仰，信条147、belly 肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起得部分，膛148、belong (to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)"149、beloved 受爱戴得,敬爱得;爱人,被心爱得人"150、belt (皮)带,腰带;地带"151、bench 长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座"152、bend(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服153、beneath 在…下边,在…之下154、bias(使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒"155、Bible圣经156、bibliography (有关某一专题得)书目；参考书目157、bid 祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标158、bill账单;招贴,广告;(人员,职称等得)表;钞票"159、billion (美)十亿,(英)万亿"160、bin (贮藏食物等用得)箱子161、bind 捆,绑,包括,束缚"162、biography 传记；传记文学163、blossom花(簇)；花期；青春164、blueprint 蓝图，设计图，计划165、blunder (因无知等而)犯大错;踉踉跄跄地走166、blunt率直得;钝得v、(使)钝;(使)迟钝167、blur 模糊不清得事物；污点168、blush脸红169、board 板,木板;全体委员;伙食170、boast 自夸,夸耀171、bright 明亮得,辉煌得;聪明得;欢快得,美好得"172、brilliant 光辉得,灿烂得;卓越得,有才华得"173、brim 边缘,帽沿174、bring 拿来，带来；产生，引起；使处于某种状态175、brisk 轻快得;生气勃勃得;兴隆得176、brittle 易碎得；脆弱得；冷淡得；(声音)尖利得177、broad 宽得,广阔得;广大得;宽宏得,豁达得"178、broadcast广播(节目)179、bronze 青铜；青铜色，古铜色；青铜制品，铜牌180、brook容忍(n、小溪)181、broom 扫帚182、brow眉(毛);额183、brown 褐色(得),棕色(得)"184、browse 随意翻阅，浏览；(牛、羊等)吃草185、bruise 青肿，挫伤；伤痕186、brutal 残忍得;严峻得;严酷得187、bubble 泡,水泡,气泡188、bucket 水桶,吊桶"189、bud 芽,花苞190、budget 预算191、buffet 自助餐192、bug 臭虫;小毛病;窃听器193、build 建造，建筑；建设，建立194、bulb 灯泡,球状物"195、bulk 体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块"196、bulletin 公报,公告,告示197、bully 恃强欺弱者，小流氓198、bunch(一)簇,束,捆,串199、burden 担子，重担，负担vt、给予负担或麻烦200、bureaucracy 官僚主义，官僚机构；(非民选得)委任官员C201、capture 俘虏，捕获202、case 事例，事实，事情203、cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷204、casual 偶然得，无计划得，随便得，非正式得205、cease 停止，终止，结束206、character （事物得）性质，特质207、charge 要（价），收（费）208、charm 魅力，魔力209、chase 追逐，追求210、check 使突然停止，制止211、cherish 珍爱，珍视212、chew 嚼，咀嚼213、choke 窒息，噎住214、chorus 合唱队215、chronic （疾病）慢性得，（人）久病得216、clarity 澄清，阐明217、cling 粘着218、clumsy 笨拙得219、cluster （果实，花等得）串，束，簇220、clutch 紧抓，紧握221、coherent 一致得，协调得222、coincide 相符，相一致223、collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解224、collide 碰撞，互撞225、commemorate 纪念，庆祝226、commend 表扬，称赞227、compact 紧密得，坚实得228、compare 比较，对照(with, to) 229、compatible 能与睦相处得，合得来得230、compile 汇编，编制231、comply 遵从，顺从，服从232、compose 组成，构成233、compress 压缩He234、comprise 包含，包括235、compromise 妥协，折衷236、compulsory 必须做得，义务得237、conceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽238、conceive 构想出，设想239、concentrate 集中，专心240、condemn 谴责241、condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁242、confine 限制，使局限243、conform 遵照，适应244、confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇245、conscious 意识到得，自觉地246、consent 同意，赞同，准许247、conserve 保护，保藏，保存248、consider 考虑，细想249、consist 组成，构成(of)250、consolidate 巩固，加强251、conspicuous 显眼得，明显得，引人瞩目得252、constitute 组成，构成253、consult 请教，与、、、、、、商量254、consume 消费,花费255、contact 接触,联系,交往256、contain 包括,容纳257、contaminate弄脏,污染258、contempt轻视,轻蔑259、contest竞赛,比赛,竞争260、contract合同,契约261、contradict反驳,同…、相矛盾,同…、相抵触262、contrary相反得,对抗得263、contrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出得)差异264、contribute捐(款等),捐献265、contrive设计,想出266、controversy(尤之以文字形式进行得争论),辨证267、convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会268、convert转变,转化269、convey运送,输送,传送270、convict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪271、coordinate调节,协调272、cordial热情友好得,热诚得,真心得273、correspond相符合相称274、correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者275、corresponding符合得,一致得276、corrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤277、corrupt堕落得,腐败得,贪赃舞弊得278、courtesy 谦恭有礼。

Bibliography-bibtex10Bibliography10.1IntroductionBibliography is the environment,which helps the author to cross-reference one publication from the list of sources at the end of the document.Bibliography needs consistency,L A T E X helps author to write well structured bibliography,because this is how L A T E X works—by specifying structure.It is easy to convert the style of bibliography to publisher’s require,without touching the code inside the bibliography.We can maintain a bibliographic data base using the pro-gram B IB T E X.While preparing the articles,we can extract the needed references in needed style from this data base.Harvard and natbib are widely used packages for generating bibliography. To produce bibliography,we have the environment thebibliography1,which acts similar to enumerate environment.Here we use\bibitem and\cite commands,which do the operation similar to\label and\ref.That means in the place of citation,it will produce number or author-year code connected with list of references at the end.\begin{thebibliography}[widest-label]\bibitem{key1}\bibitem{key2}\end{thebibliography}The\begin{thebibliography}command requires an argument that indicates its width,i.e.,width of the widest label in the bibliography.If you know you have between10and99publications,you should start with\begin{thebibliography}[99].Use any two digit number in the argument,since all numerals are the same width.If you are using customized labels,put the longest label in argument,i.e.,type\begin{thebibliography} [Long-name].Each entry in the environment should starts with\bibitem{key1}Let the author name be Alex and year1991,the key can be coded as ale91or else2as you wish.The key is used to cite publication inside the document.To cite a publication from the bibliography in the text,use the\cite command,which takes a key for an argu-ment.However,the argument to\cite may be one key,or two or more keys,separated by commas.\cite{key1}\cite{key1,key2}In bibliography,numbering of the entries is generated automatically.You may also add a note to your citation,such as page number,chapter number,etc,by using an optional argument to the\cite command.Whatever text appears to this argument will be placed within the square brackets,after the label.1Bibiliography environment need two compilation.In?rst compilation it will generate?le with aux extension, where citation and bibcite will be marked and in second compilation\cite will be replaced by numeral or author-year code.2Key can be any sequence of letters,digits and punctuation characters,except that it may not contain a comma (maximum256characters).210.2natbib 3 \cite[page25]{key1}input—?le' &$ %It is hard to write unstructured and disorganised documents using\LaTeX~\cite{les85}.It is interesting to type set oneequation~\cite[Sec3.3]{les85}rather than setting10pages ofrunning matter~\cite{don89,rondon89}.\begin{thebibliography}{9}\bibitem{les85}Leslie Lamport,1985.\emph{\LaTeX---A DocumentPreparation System---User’s Guide and Reference Manual},Addision-Wesley,Reading.\bibitem{don89}Donald E.Knuth,1989.\emph{Typesetting ConcreteMathematics},TUGBoat,10(1):31-36.\bibitem{rondon89}Ronald L.Graham,Donald E.Knuth,and OrePatashnik,1989.\emph{Concrete Mathematics:A Foundation forComputer Science},Addison-Wesley,Reading.\end{thebibliography}output—dviIt is hard to write unstructured and disorganised documents using L A T E X[1].It is interesting totype set one equation[1,Sec3.3]rather than setting10pages of running matter[2,3].Bibliography[1]Leslie Lamport,1985.L A T E X—A Document Preparation System—User’s Guide andReference Manual,Addision-Wesley,Reading.[2]Donald E.Knuth,1989.Typesetting Concrete Mathematics,TUGBoat,10(1):31-36.[3]Ronald L.Graham,Donald E.Knuth,and Ore Patashnik,1989.Concrete Mathematics:A Foundation for Computer Science,Addison-Wesley,Reading.10.2natbibThe natbib package is widely used for generating bibliography,because of it’s?exible interface for most of the available bibliographic styles.The natbib.sty package is a re-implementation of the L A T E X\cite command,to work with both author–year and numerical citations.It is compatible with the standard bibliographic style?les,such as plain.bst,as well as with those for harvard,apalike,chicago,astron,authordate,and of course natbib.sty.To load the package:4 Bibliography\usepackage[options]{natbib}round(default)for round parentheses;square for square brackets;curly for curly braces;angle for angle brackets;colon(default)to separate multiple citations with colons;comma to use commas as separators;authoryear(default)for author–year citations;numbers for numerical citations;super for superscripted numerical citations,as in Nature;sort orders multiple citations into the sequence in which they appear in the list of references;sort&compress as sort but in addition multiple numerical citations are compressed if possible(as3–6,15);longnames?rst makes the?rst citation of any reference the equivalent of the starred variant(full author list)and subsequent citations normal(abbreviated list);sectionbib rede?nes\thebibliography to issue\section*instead of\chapter*;valid only for classes with a\chapter command;to be used with the chapterbibpackage;nonamebreak keeps all the authors’names in a citation on one line;causes overfull hboxes but helps with some hyperref problems.If we want to set references in the Nature style of citations(superscripts)\documentclass{article}\usepackage{natbib}\citestyle{nature}\begin{document}..............\end{document}10.2.1Basic commandsThe natbib.sty package has two basic citation commands,\citet and\citep for textualand parenthetical citations,respectively.There also exist the starred versions\citet*and\citep*that print the full author list,and not just the abbreviated one.All of these maytake one or two optional arguments to add some text before and after the citation.Normally we use author name and year for labeling the bibliography.10.2natbib 5\begin{thebibliography}[widest-label]\bibitem[Leslie(1985)]{les85}Leslie Lamport,1985.L A T E X—A Document Preparation...\bibitem[Donale(00)]{don89}Donald E.Knuth,1989.Typesetting Concrete Mathematics,...\bibitem[Ronald,Donald and Ore(1989)]{rondon89}Ronald L.Graham,...\end{thebibliography}Year in parentheses is mandatory in optional argument for bibitem.If year missing in any of the bibitem,the whole author-year citation will be changed to numerical cita-tion.To avoid this,give‘(0000)’for year in optional argument and use partial citations(\citeauthor)in text.Don’t put‘space character’before opening bracket of year in optional argument.\citet{ale91}?Alex et al.(1991)\citet[chap.~4]{ale91}?Alex et al.(1991,chap.4)\citep{ale91}?(Alex et al.,1991)\citep[chap.~4]{ale91}?(Alex et al.,1991,chap.4)\citep[see][]{ale91}?(see Alex et al.,1991)\citep[see][chap.~4]{jon91}?(see Alex et al.,1991,chap.4)\citet*{ale91}?Alex,Mathew,and Ravi(1991)\citep*{ale91}?(Alex,Mathew,and Ravi,1991)10.2.2Multiple citationsMultiple citations may be made as usual,by including more than one citation key in the \cite command argument.\citet{ale91,rav92}?Alex et al.(1991);Ravi et al.(1992)\citep{ale91,rav92}?(Alex et al.,1991;Ravi et al.1992)\citep{ale91,ale92}?(Alex et al.,1991,1992)\citep{ale91a,ale91b}?(Alex et al.,1991a,b)10.2.3Numerical modeThese examples are for author–year citation mode.In numerical mode,the results are different.\citet{ale91}?Alex et al.[5]\citet[chap.~4]{ale91}?Alex et al.[5,chap.4]\citep{ale91}?[5]\citep[chap.~4]{ale91}?[5,chap.4]\citep[see][]{ale91}?[see5]\citep[see][chap.~4]{ale91}?[see5,chap.4]\citep{ale91a,ale91b}?[5,12]10.2.4Suppressed parenthesesAs an alternative form of citation,\citealt is the same as\citet but without any paren-theses.Similarly,\citealp is\citep with the parentheses turned off.Multiple references, notes,and the starred variants also exist.6 Bibliography\citealt{ale91}?Alex et al.1991\citealt*{ale91}?Alex,Mathew,and Ravi1991\citealp{ale91}?Alex.,1991\citealp*{ale91}?Alex,Mathew,and Ravi,1991\citealp{ale91,ale92}?Alex et al.,1991;Alex et al.,1992\citealp[pg.~7]{ale91}?Alex.,1991,pg.7\citetext{short comm.}?(short comm.)The\citetext command allows arbitrary text to be placed in the current citation parenthe-ses.This may be used in combination with\citealp.10.2.5Partial citationsIn author–year schemes,it is sometimes desirable to be able to refer to the authors withoutthe year,or vice versa.This is provided with the extra commands\citeauthor{ale91}?Alex et al.\citeauthor*{ale91}?Alex,Mathew,and Ravi\citeyear{ale91}?1991\citeyearpar{ale91}?(1991)10.2.6Citations aliasingSometimes one wants to refer to a reference with a special designation,rather than by theauthors,i.e.as Paper I,Paper II.Such aliases can be de?ned and used,textual and/orparenthetical with:\defcitealias{jon90}{Paper~I}\citetalias{ale91}?Paper I\citepalias{ale91}?(Paper I)These citation commands function much like\citet and\citep:they may take multiplekeys in the argument,may contain notes,and are marked as hyperlinks.10.2.7Selecting citation style and punctuationUse the command\bibpunct with one optional and6mandatory arguments:(1)the opening bracket symbol,default=((2)the closing bracket symbol,default=)(3)the punctuation between multiple citations,default=;(4)the letter‘n’for numerical style,or‘s’for numerical superscript style,any other letterfor author–year,default=author–year;(5)the punctuation that comes between the author names and the year(6)the punctuation that comes between years or numbers when common author lists aresuppressed(default=,);The optional argument is the character preceding a post-note,default is a comma plus space.In rede?ning this character,one must include a space if that is one is wanted.Example1\bibpunct{[}{]}{,}{a}{}{;}changes the output of\citep{jon90,jon91,jam92}into[Jones et al.1990;1991,James et al.1992].Example2\bibpunct[;]{(}{)}{,}{a}{}{;}changes the output of\citep[and references therein]{jon90}into(Jones et al.1990;and references therein).。

Referencing using OSCOLASection 6BibliographyKey points•You must always include a bibliography, and well as footnotes.•Every reference you include in your footnotes must also be in your bibliography.•There may be additional sources in your bibliography which do not appear in your footnotes (sources you have used in the preparation of your work but have not referred to directly).Is the information in the bibliography exactly the same as inthe footnotes?•No!•Two key differences:–You leave out page numbers pinpointing a quotation.–The surname of the author comes first, and full firstnames are not used, only initials e.g. in your footnotes an author might be Joe Bloggs, but in the bibliography Bloggs J, followed by the rest of the information.Why the difference?•Not madness –there is a good practical reason.•It makes compiling your bibliography MUCH quicker as you can use the automatic sorting function in WordHow to sort a list alphabetically •First, copy and paste all your footnotes into one list. Add any additional sources you have used.•Keep cases, legislation and secondary sources under separate headingsNext•Delete the page numbers at the end of the reference.•Swap the order of the author’s first name (or initial) and surname around (and add a comma). Replace first names with initials.For example…•Simon Lester and Brian Mercurio et al, World Trade Law. Text, Materials and Commentary(Hart 2008) 78•Catherine Barnard, Substantive Law of the European Union -The Four Freedoms(3rd edn, OUP 2010) 13becomes•Lester, S and Mercurio, B , World Trade Law. Text, Materials and Commentary (Hart 2008)•Barnard, C, Substantive Law of the European Union -The Four Freedoms(3rd edn, OUP 2010)•Now you need to sort the list.How to sort•Highlight your list•Click on ‘Table’in the bar at the top of the page •Then select ‘Sort’•This will open a new window. The default settings will be ‘Paragraphs’, ‘Text’and‘Ascending’. These are the settings you want –so don’t change anything.•Click ‘OK’•Your list will then be arranged in alphabetical order.。

英文破折号、连接号、连字符、负号的区别，注意事项和输入方法先看看这4个符号的长相，从左到右依次是：Hyphen , En dash , Em dash , Minus sign一、区别HYPHEN (-)1. 用于复合词，如：upper-case letter2. 用于分隔数字或字母，例如电话号码：1-800-621-2376或名字的拼写：My name is Phyllis; that's p-h-y-l-l-i-s.3. 用于排版时连接因断行而被打断的单词，例如：Trust Law ranks the Congo as one of the most dangerous coun-tries for sexual violence.EN DASH (–)1. 相当于to。

主要用于连接数字或单词，表示「到并包括」（up to and including）。

不过应注意，在from...to... 和between...and... 的结构中，不要用en dash 去替代中间的to 和and。

例句：Her college years, 1998–2002, were the happiest in her life.For documentation and indexing, see chapters 16–18.In Genesis 6:13–22 we find God's instructions to Noah.Join us on Thursday, 11:30 a.m.–4:00 p.m., to celebrate the New Year.The London–Paris train leaves at two o'clock.I have blocked out December 2002–March 2003 to complete my manuscript.Her articles appeared in Postwar Journal (3 November 1945–4 February 1946).Green Bay beat Denver 31–24.The legislature voted 101–13 to adopt the resolution.2. 后面什么也不接。

Public Understanding of ScienceDOI: 10.1088/0963-6625/10/1/6012001; 10; 153 Public Understanding of Science William Evans Bibliography The online version of this article can be found at: Published by:can be found at:Public Understanding of Science Additional services and information for/cgi/alerts Email Alerts:/subscriptions Subscriptions:/journalsReprints.nav Reprints:/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions:I NSTITUTE OF P HYSICS P UBLISHING P UBLIC U NDERSTANDING OF S CIENCE Public Understand.Sci.10(2001)153–/Journals/puBibliographyHere is our bibliography of recent scholarly publications on(1)public attitudes regarding science and technology,(2)the role of mass and interactive media in science,health,and risk communication,and(3)science and technology museums,zoos,and natural history centers.We welcome comments,and hope that readers will call our attention to materials that appear outside of the mainstream of journals in science communication,science studies, mass communication,health communication,and risk communication.Please send comments and references to William Evans,Department of Communication,Georgia State University, Atlanta,GA30303-3083,USA(fax+1-404-651-1409,e-mail evans@).William EvansGeorgia State UniversityEnvironmental and Risk CommunicationFilho,Walter Leal,municating Sustainability.New York:Peter Lang,2000.Includes more than thirty essays on environmental education and communication.Langford,Ian H.,Stavros Georgiou,and R.Kerry Turner.“Public Perceptions of Health Risks from Polluted Coastal Bathing Waters:A Mixed Methodological Analysis Using Cultural Theory.”Risk Anlysis20,no.5(2000): 691–704.Peixoto Boischio,Ana Amelia,and Diane Henshel.“Fish Consumption,Fish Lore,and Mercury Pollution:Risk Communication for the Madeira River People.”Environmental Research84,no.2(2000):108–126.Ruud,Gary,and Jo Sprague.“Can’t See the(Old Growth)Forest for the Logs:Dialectical Tensions in the Interpretive Practices of Environmentalists and Loggers.”Communication Reports13,no.2(2000):55–66.Taylor-Gooby,Peter,ed.Risk,Trust and Welfare.New York:St.Martin’s Press,2000.Contributors consider layperson responses to risk information.Health Communication;Public Understanding of Health and MedicineEdejer,Tessa Tan-Torres.“Disseminating Health Information in Developing Countries:The Role of the Internet.”British Medical Journal321,no.7264(2000):797–800.Flowers-Coulson,Patricia A.,Mikhel A.Kushner,and Susan Bankowski.“The Information Is Out There,But Is Anyone Getting It?Adolescent Misconceptions About Sexuality Education and Reproductive Health and the Use of the Internet To Get Answers.”Journal of Sex Education&Therapy25,nos.2/3(2000):178–188. Gauthier,Candace Cummins.“Television Drama and Popular Film as Medical Narrative.”Journal of American Culture 22,no.3(1999):23–26.Guttman,Nurit.Public Health Communication Interventions:Values and Ethical Dilemmas.Thousand Oaks,CA: Sage,2000.Hallam,Julia.Nursing the Image:Media,Image and Professional Identity.London:Rutledge,2000.Considers the public image of nursing in Great Britian.Huber,Jeffrey T.,and Michael J.Cruz.“Information Needs and Information-Seeking Behaviors of HIV Positive Men and Women.”Medical Reference Services Quarterly19,no.3(2000):39–48.Jorm,A.F.“Mental Health Literacy:Public Knowledge and Beliefs about Mental Disorders.”British Journal of Psychiatry177(2000):396–401.Kennedy,Christine.“Examining Television as an Influence on Children’s Health Behaviors.”Journal of Pediatric Nursing15,no.5(2000):272–281.0963-6625/01/010153+03$30.00©2001IOP Publishing Ltd and The Science Museum Printed in the UK153154Bibliography Knaus,Christopher Stephen,Bruce E.Pinkleton,and Erica Weintraub Austin.“The Ability of the AIDS Quilt to Motivate Information Seeking,Personal Discussion,and Preventative Behavior as a Health Communication Intervention.”Health Communication12,no.3(2000):301–316.Kreth,Melinda L.“Exploring‘Responsibility’in Advertising:Health Claims about Dietary Supplements.”Business Communication Quarterly63,no.3(2000):66–72.Morahan-Martin,J.,and C.D.Anderson.“Information and Misinformation Online:Recommendations for Facilitating Accurate Mental Health Information Retrieval and Evaluation.”Cyberpsychology&Behavior3,no.5(2000): 731–746.Perloff,Richard M.Persuading People to Have Safe Safer Sex:Applications of Social Science to the AIDS Crisis.Mahwah,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum,2000.Singh,Judy.“The Readability of HIV/AIDS Education Materials.”AIDS Education and Prevention12,no.3(2000): 214–224.Singhal,Arvind,and Everett M.Rogers.Entertainment–Education:A Communication Strategy for Social Change.Mahwah,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum,1999.Discusses the role of media and entertainment in public health initiatives. Sligo,F.X.,and Anna M.Jameson.“The Knowledge-Behavior Gap in Use of Health Information.”Journal of the American Society for Information Science51,no.9(2000):858–869.Thompson,Teresa L.,James D.Robinson,and Sheila Shellabarger.“Women’s Health Problems in Soap Operas:A Content Analysis.”Women’s Health Issues10,no.4(2000):202–209.Vaughan,Peter W.,and Everett M.Rogers.“A Staged Model of Communication Effects:Evidence From an Entertainment–Education Radio Soap Opera in Tanzania.”Journal of Health Communication5,no.3(2000): 203–228.Public Opinion Regarding Science and TechnologyAtwood,L.Erwin,and Ann M.Major.“Optimism,Pessimism,and Communication Behavior in Response to an Earthquake Prediction.”Public Understanding of Science9,no.4(2000):417–432.Condit,Celeste Michelle.The Meanings of the Gene:Public Debates About Human Heredity.Madison:University of Wisconsi Press,1999.Dubinsky,Ed.“Mathematical Literacy and Abstraction in the21st Century.”School Science and Mathematics100, no.6(2000):289–297.Hayes,Bernadette C.,and Vicki N.Tariq.“Gender Differences in Scientific Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Science:A Comparative Study of Four Anglo-American Nations.”Public Understanding of Science9,no.4(2000):433–447.Hobson,Art.“The Two-Year College:Designing Science Literacy Courses.”Journal of College Science Teaching30, no.2(2000):136–137.Luj´a n,Jos´e L.,and Oliver Todt.“Perceptions,Attitudes and Ethical Valuations:The Ambivalence of the Public Image of Biotechnology in Spain.”Public Understanding of Science9,no.4(2000):383–392.Cowell,Susan E.“Pretrial Mediation of Complex Scientific Cases:A Proposal to Reduce Jury and Judicial Confusion.”Chicago-Kent Law Review75,no.3(2000):981–1006.Science CommunicationClark,Douglas B.,and James D.Slotta.“Evaluating Media-Enhancement and Source Authority on the Internet:the Knowledge Integration Environment.”International Journal of Science Education22,no.8(2000):859–872. Davies,Gail.“Science,Observation and Entertainment:Competing Visions of Postwar British Natural History Television,1946–1967.”Ecumene7,no.4(2000):432–460.Hilgartner,Stephen.Science on Stage:Expert Advice as Public Drama.Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press, 2000.Mitman,Gregg.Reel Nature:America’s Romance with Wildlife on Film.Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press, 1999.Neresini,Federico.“And Man Descended from the Sheep:The Public Debate on Cloning in the Italian Press.”Public Understanding of Science9,no.4(2000):359–382.Rojecki,Andrew.Silencing the Opposition:Antinuclear Movements and the Media in the Cold War.Urbana: University of Illinois Press,1999.Shacher,Orly.“Spotlighting Women Scientists in the Press:Tokenism in Science Journalism.”Public Understanding of Science9,no.4(2000):347–358.Bibliography155 Westfahl,Gary.Science Fiction,Children’s Literature,and Popular Culture:Coming of Age in Fantasyland.Westport, CT:Greenwood Press,2000.Includes discussion of images of technology in popular literature andfilm.Science and Technology MuseumsChin,Chi-Chin.“Science Teachers’Development of Museum-Based STS Modules:What Do Their Perceptions and Practices Tell Us?Proceedings of the National Science Council,Republic of China,Part D10,no.3(2000) 115–126.Henriksen,Ellen K.,and Merethe Frøyland.“The Contribution of Museums to Scientific Literacy:Views from Audience and Museum Professionals.”Public Understanding of Science9,no.4(2000):393–416.Komar,Oliver,and Linda Buechner.“Finding Science,Past and Present:The Stephen W.Hawking Science Museum.”Journal of College Science Teaching30,no.2(2000):144–167.。

Bibliography1.How to servive your first year in teaching Sue Cowley [England] Summarize:This book written by a teacher named Sue Cowley. In this book, the writer discussed the experience during the first year in school. He met the problem like feel confuse and do not know what to do. He recorded this feeling and experience to show an example to other teachers like him how to be a good teacher.Assess:This is a useful book because it talked about how to become a good teacher. I can compare the difference between teachers in Asia and western. It showed every aspect during teacher life. It’s v ery realism because I discussed these things when I back to school and talked with my teachers.Reflect:I can know what our teachers do and then their behaviors affect their students thinking and axiology through reading this book. I can compare teachers’ way to teach their students. People always think that students in Asia work hard and smart but actual this depending on the parents and teachers. For example, the writer show us how to supervise students when they do something wrong. It is total different from China local school. The first section is they punish students because they don’t respect their classmates or teachers but we punish students because of their bad grades. All these things bring up our difference. I can compare this in my Personal Project to show the points and change some unbalance thinking.2.Short history of comparative studies of Chinese and foreign education Editor in chief:张瑞璠王承绪Editor in chief for this book: 吴式颖阎国华ChinaSummarize:This book talked about the modern history of the education. This book compared education in follow sections: initiation of education, comparative of schools, students’ thinking and students abroad. It show the process of education development include the mistakes and contributions.Assess:This is the most useful book because it connects with my topic pretty close even it talked about the history. I will find a book compares the current education then they will become the most vital forces to show my ideas because they include the mistakes and development.Reflect:I don’t finish reading but I will make a list for information in this book when I make the website. I got some new ideas about my work in this book. I focused the result more before but I didn’t pay attention to the development and thinking of edu cation. The process will reflect ton of things to people and that’s always can become a point to discuss. In this book also involved famous person’s opinions. Their thinking also can help me understand education more. The source is available because them were from the most important book during that period and people accept these opinions.cation for 1.3 billion 李岚清chinaSource: /gp/product/product-descriptionProduct Description:In the past decade, China has made amazing achievements in its educational development. National reforms in primary, secondary, higher and vocational education are underway. Teachers, as professionals, are now receiving unprecedented respect. Mr. Li Lanqing, a key government player in the midst of these changes, explains:- How China has succeeded in providing a nine-year compulsory education for virtually all children of eligible age. - Why China’s colleges and universities have been able to develop so quickly. - How higher educational and research institutions ensure that their research results enter the market quickly. - How China has reformed and developed its vocational education. - How the Chinese government has overcome tremendous challenges in reforming and developing education nationwide.As a Vice Premier of the State Council between 1993 and 2003, Mr. Li held a key role in the government as head of education. He devoted most of his energy to education as he believed that education stands out among all governmental roles in terms of scope and complexity and is of paramount importance to a nation. Overall, Mr Li asserts, education in China owes its success mainly to the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China, and to a series of major policies.In his book, Education For 1.3 Billion: Former Chinese Vice Premier LI LANQING on 10 Years of Education Reform and Development, Mr. Li describes how major policy decisions were taken, how he himself grappled with the challenges associated with change, and his views on important issues in Chinese education. "Editor s’ Observations" - the last part of the book - includes interviews which allow readers to have more insight into Mr. Li’s concept of education, his personal experiences and passions, his personality as a public servant, and delves into "who he is"— a man with deep devotion and passion for education.It is noteworthy that the Chinese edition, since its publication in April 2004 has sold over 750,000 copies! The book is targeted to help educators, researchers and policy makers around the world exchange research results and practical experience in education.From the Inside Flap:Introduction:In recent years, China has made breathtaking achievements in its development. From a society that could only provide the basics for its people, it has entered the initial phase of becoming a prosperous society. This is a change of historic significance. The pace of China's economic development and social progress has amazed the world and been admired by many.Of all its reform endeavors, education has had some of the most outstanding successes. Building on its resumption and expansion in the 1980s and early 1990s, education continued to advance rapidly from 1993 to 2003, and there were a number of historic breakthroughs during that decade. Basic education, especially the "two basics," that is, basic universal nine-year compulsory education and basic elimination of illiteracy among the young and the middle-aged, has greatly raised the educational levels of the nation. A comprehensive system of vocational and adult education has come to stay. Higher education has developed rapidly, with some groundbreaking reforms. Instruction too has evolved, with more emphasis now on developing student qualities, i.e. building character as well as imparting knowledge, and this approach has gain wide accept many types of schools established. Extensive and active educational exchanges and collaboration with other countries have sharpened our competitve edge in the world. A legal framework is now in place to guide future efforts.Over the past decade, a number of long-standing, intractable problems have virtually been resolved; others, though still pending, now enjoy the right conditions to bring about solutions. Total national funding for education has on average increased 20% annually, reaching 548 billion yuan in 2002, over five times as much as in 1993; budgetary appropriations have risen every year by an average 19% to reach 311.4 billion yuan in 2002, nearly five times the 1993 total. By the end of the 20th century, nine-year compulsory education was near-universal, and illiteracy practically wiped out among the young and the middle-aged, while senior secondary education had increased enormously. Since 1999, institutions of higher learning have enrolled more and more students every day, so that by 2002, there were 16 million students in different types of higher education institutions. Of these, some 9.03 million were attending regular colleges and universities. According to the lastest UN! ESCO statistics, the scale of higher education in China is the largest in the world. All in all, ten years of reform and development have created an entirely new education landscape in China.Like all other undertakings, education owes its success chiefly to the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China, and to a series of major policy launches. These decisions ranged from affirming the strategic priority of education and implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education to formulating a corresponding legal and regulatory framework; from increasing government funding to making major changes in the whole education system; from ensuring top priority to the "two basics" to strengthening rural education; from making compulsory education universal to enlarging enrollment in institutions of higher learning; from expanding the teaching profeesion to popularizingcharacter-building education. All have guided and advanced educational reform and growth in the past decade.How were such decisions taken? How were they implemented? These are questions that intrigue not only educators but people from all walks of life. Education for 1.3 Billion describes how major policy decisions were taken, how the author grappled with the challenges, and his views on many important issues in Chinese education. About the Author:Li Lanqing graduated from the Business Management Department of Fudan University in Shanghai in 1952. Early in his career he worked for the establishment of the First, Second and Third Auto Works, thus helping launch the nation’s automobile industry. Later, he held positions in the First Ministry of Machine-Building Industry and the State Economic Commission.From 1978 he was involved in the country’s reform and opening up to the outside world. He headed negotiations on automobile projects with foreign companies and was once in charge of foreign governmental loans at the State Foreign Investment Administrative Commission. He also served successively as director-general of the Foreign Investment Administration of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, Vice Mayor of Tianjin, and Executive Vice Minister and then Minister of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade. From 1993 to 2003 he served two terms as Vice Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. He was an alternate member of the 13th Party Central Committee, a member of the Political Bureau of the 14th Party Central Committee, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 15th Party Central Committee.During his ten years as Vice Premier, Li Lanqing was in charge of education, science and technology, foreign trade and economic cooperation, commerce and logistics, customs, machine-building, textile and light industries, finance and taxation, culture, public health, the press, publishing and sports. Since the 1950s, Li Lanqing has written and translated a series of books and essays on economic management and domestic and foreign trade. He holds honorary degrees and positions bestowed by four foreign universities.Summarize:I read the information for the Internet before I start reading this book. It helped me a lot and I got a thought in the rough. It talks the thinking about education after working in State Central. He talked the experience during he work for the education. Assess:It talked about the development of China education and our advantages. I think that will be an argument in my topic because I talk about more advantages about foreign education. In this book, I can see Chinese become powerful than before and we can do more things so I will discuss shall we go to abroad to find better education? Reflect:I always talk about the advantages to go abroad to study but as China become more powerful and a lot of people start to learn more from us. That’s great but another problem is should we go abroad when people already started to learn from us? I will discuss more about this when I introduce this book.Reference:/622007717/blog/1283392738/what-is-the-difference-between-the-education-system-in-western-and-asian/is-eastern-education-as-biased-as-western-eduction :I got information about International education system from this website.。

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