Citation & Copyright (to be inserted by the publisher) Five-Parameter Grain Boundary Charac

citation的格式在学术写作中，引用（citation）的目的是提供相关信息，如作者、来源、出版日期等，以支持和证明你所提出的观点和论据。

引用的格式应该遵循特定的规则，以便读者可以轻松地查找到相关的信息。

下面是一些常见的引用格式。

一、APA格式（American Psychological Association）APA格式是社会科学和心理学领域最常用的引用格式之一。

它的主要特点包括：1.作者姓名的格式：姓氏，名字的首字母。

例如：李华（Li, H.）2.文章题目和期刊名称的格式：首字母大写，其余小写，并用斜体字体。

例如：The effects of stress on mental health. Journal of Psychology.3.出版日期的格式：年份，月份，日期。

例如：（2022, January 15）。

2022）。

5.引用参考文献时，按照作者姓名的字母顺序排列。

例如，一篇期刊文章的引用格式可以是：张三（Zhang, S.）（2022）。

压力对心理健康的影响。

心理学杂志，28（1），20-35。

二、MLA格式（Modern Language Association）MLA格式主要应用于人文学科，如文学、语言学等。

它的主要特点包括：1.作者姓名的格式：先名字，后姓氏。

例如：华文（Hua, W.）2.文章题目和期刊名称的格式：首字母大写，其余小写，并用斜体字体。

例如：The impact of globalization on culture. Journal of Cultural Studies.3.出版日期的格式：日期，月份的前三个字母，年份。

例如：15 Jan. 2022。

2022）。

5.引用参考文献时，按照作者姓氏的字母顺序排列。

例如，一篇期刊文章的引用格式可以是：王五（Wang, W.）。

"全球化对文化的影响"。

文化研究杂志，vol. 10，no. 2，2022，pp. 45-60.除了上述两种常见的引用格式外，不同学科领域可能还有其他的引用格式，如Chicago、Harvard等。

University of California Berkeley LibraryAPA Style Citations (American Psychological Association)T his document provides guidelines for citing sources according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th edition), often referred to as "APA style". It incorporates the updated guidelines for citing electronic references, which the APA has issued as an amendment to those originally published in the manual. This guide is an abbreviation of APA guidelines. If the kind of work you wish to cite is not represented, or specifics about the resource you need to cite are not addressed, see the guide's section on obtaining more help.How Do I Cite? When you refer to or base your ideas on another person's work, you need to cite it. APA style requires you place brief reference citations in your text and then complete citations for the works referenced at the end of your paper in an alphabetized reference list.1) In-Text Reference Citations.At the point of reference, provide your reader with a brief reference citation.When quoting, or referring to a specific part of a work, include information on the specific page(s) or part of the work.As Maguire (2004) stated, your text continues.ORYour text or quotation here (Maguire, 2004).According to Coward and Maguire (1999), your text continues.ORYour text or quotation here (Coward & Maguire, 1999).According to Coward and Maguire (1999, p. 45), your text continues.ORYour text or quotation here (Coward & Maguire, 1999, p. 45).As Coward (2008, Conclusion section, para. 3) concluded, your text continues.ORYour text or quotation here (Coward, 2008, Conclusion section, para. 3).General Rules for an In-Text Reference CitationElementsNote the last name(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication.Include these elements within the text's narrative or in accompanying parentheses;include in parentheses any element that does not already appear in the narrative.Separate elements in parentheses by a commaDo not include suffixes such as Jr.Cite only the year; do not include months or daysSubsequent citations to the same work, within the same paragraph, do not require you re-cite the yearCiting a specific part of a workAlways provide page numbers when quotingFollow the year of publication with a comma and identify the page(s), chapter, table, etc.Use abbreviations p. and chap. for page or chapterFor electronic sources without page numbers…if the source referenced provides paragraph numbers, use them (precede with symbol ¶ or para. ). If it does not, but has section headings, cite the relevant heading for the section followed by a comma and the number of the paragraph in that section.Works by more than one authorFor a work by two authors, provide the last names of both each time the cited work is referencedFor a work by three to five authors, provide the last names of all authors the first time the work is cited; in any subsequent references cite the last name of the first author followed by et al.For a work by more than five authors, provide the last name of the first author followed by et al.Include the year of publication in the first and any subsequent citations to the work.When citing within parentheses, join multiple authors with &When citing within the text's narrative, join authors with the conjunction andAuthor is a group, no author, and anonymous authorGroup author. For a work authored by a group, spell out the group name. When it is long, and has a readily understandable abbreviation, it may be abbreviated in subsequent references.(The National Organization for Women [NOW], 1999) (NOW, 1999)No author provided. For a work with no author, instead cite the first few words of the work's entry as given in the "reference list" (see “order of entries” in the section of this guide describing the reference list)–Usually it will be the title. If it is a title of an article or book chapter, put it in "quotes". If it is a title of a book, periodical, or report, italicize it.As was noted ("The Disability Gulag," 2003) at the time, your text continues.Note: Capitalization of title words differs from their treatment in the reference listAnonymous work. For a work designated as anonymous, cite the author as AnonymousUndated workFor undated works, note n.d.As Winton (n.d.) stated, your text continues.ORYour text or quotation here (Winton, n.d.).2) Reference List. The reference list provides the full citations for the works you cite. Below are examples and the general guidelines to follow when citing.Examples: print publications (for electronic publications, see corresponding examples)note: These examples are single-spaced to condense the length of this guide; however, APA style is to double-spacereference list entriesGeneral Format Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (2004). Title of book. Location:Publisher.Examples:Holmberg, D., Orbuch, T., & Veroff, J. (2004). Thrice-told tales:Married couples tell their stories. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.General Format Author, A. A. (2004). Title of chapter. In A. Editor,B. Editor, &C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (p./pp. pagenumber/s). Location: Publisher.Examples:Stein, A. (1997). Sex after 'sexuality': From sexology to post-structuralism. In D. Owen (Ed.), Sociology after postmodernism(pp. 158-172). London: Sage.General Format Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2004). Title of article.Title of Journal, volume(issue, when appropriate), page-number/s.Examples:McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2003). Defeating Kyoto: Theconservative movement's impact on U.S. climate change policy.Social Problems, 50, 348-373.Stein, H. F. (2003). The inner world of workplaces: Accessing this worldthrough poetry, narrative literature, music, and visual art.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research, 55(2), 84-93.General Format Author, A. A. (2004, Month day). Title of article. Title of Magazine,volume if any, page-number/s.*Second example illustrates a citation when no author is namedand includes bracketed descriptive informationExamples:Kenji, M., & Tanako, K. (2003, February 13). Conflict and cognitivecontrol. Science, 303, 969-970.The disability gulag [Letter to the editor]. (2003, December 14).The New York Times Magazine, 28.General Format Author, A. A. (2004, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper,p./pp. page number/s.*Second example illustrates citation format when no author is namedand the article referenced is on non-consecutive pagesExamples:Nagourney, E. (2003, October 28). Impatience, at your own risk.The New York Times, p. F6.Skin deep: 'Cosmetic wellness' helps people feel good about their looks.(2004, March 24). The Modesto Bee, pp. G1, G4.General Format Author, A. A. (2004, Month day as needed). Review title [Review of themedium Title of item reviewed]. Title of Periodical,andpublication information following format for journal, magazine,or newspaper, as appropriate.*Second example illustrates citation where review is untitledExamples:Petrakis, J. (2004, February 24). Regrets [Review of the motion pictureThe fog of war]. The Christian Century, 121, 66-67.Zulu, I. M. (1997). [Review of the book The opening of the Americanmind: Canons, culture, and history]. College & ResearchLibraries, 58, 487-488.Examples: electronic publicationsnote: These examples are single-spaced to condense the length of this guide; however, APA style is to double-space reference list entriesGeneral Format Author, A. A., Author B. B., & Author C. C. (2004). Title of article.Title of Periodical, volume(issue if needed), page-number/s.doi:numberExamples:Gilbert, J. (2008). Against the commodification of everything.Cultural Studies 22, 551-566. doi:10.1080/09502380802245811Journal Article General Format Author, A. A., Author B. B., & Author C. C. (2004). Title of article.Title of Periodical, volume(issue if needed), page-number/s.Retrieved from statement.*What's included in the Retrieved from statement varies, see additional rules for electronic references for criteria.*Examples illustrate article citations for a freely available article, an article from a subscription database, and an article from a subscription database where the resource name is provided in lieuof a homepage.Examples: Wada, K. (2008). Illegal file sharing 101. Educause Quarterly, 31(4), 18-25. Retrieved from/ir/library/pdf/EQM0844.pdfHopkins, N., & Moore, C. (2001). Categorizing the neighbors: Identity, distance, and stereotyping. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64, 239-252. Retrieved from Singh, H. B., Prasad, P., & Rai L. K. (2002). Folk medicinal plants in the Sikkim Himalayas of India. Asian Folklore Studies, 61,295-310. Retrieved from ProQuest database.Magazine Article General Format Author, A. A. (2004, Month day). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume if any, page-number/s. Retrieved from statement.*What's included in the Retrieved from statement varies, see additional rules for electronic references for criteria.Example:Newton-Small, J. (2009, February 11). Congress’s new love affair with twitter. Time. Retrieved from/time/politics/article/0,8599,1878773,00.htmlNewspaper Article General Format Author, A. A. (2004, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p./pp. page number/s. Retrieved from statement.*What's included in the Retrieved from statement varies, see additional rules for electronic references for criteria.*Example shows citation when no author is named.Example:Prohibition sustained. (1920, January 6). The New York Times, p. 14.Retrieved from ProQuest Historical Newspapers database.General Format Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (2004). Title of book. Retrieved fromstatement including publisher information if appropriate.*What's included in the Retrieved from statement varies, see additionalrules for electronic references for criteria.*The first example shows a citation for an electronic book that wasretrieved from a subscription database. As the homepage is notreadily identifiable, the database name is provided. The second exampleis a book that is freely available. In both cases, the publisher is nototherwise evident and needs to be provided.Examples:Bell, S., & Morse, S. (2003). Measuring sustainability: Learning bydoing. London: Earthscan Publications. Retrieved from the ebrarydatabase.Goldman, E. (1914). The social significance of the modern drama.Boston: Badger. Retrieved from/Goldman/Writings/Drama/index.htmlGeneral Format Author, A. A. (year if available, if not abbreviation for no date).Title of document. Retrieved from statement.*What's included in the Retrieved from statement varies, see additionalrules for electronic references for criteria.*Example shows citation with group as author. As the contentmay be changeable a retrieval date is provided.Examples:NCAA Committee on Sportsmanship and Ethical Conduct. (n.d.). Operationsplan 2001-02 and 2002-03: Strategic planning and budgeting for the2002-03 and 2003-04 Academic Years. Retrieved February 9, 2004,from /membership/governance/assoc-wide/sportsmanship_ethics/index.htmlGeneral Rules for Reference Lists(see additional rules for electronic publications, below)Titling and spacingStart the list on a new page. Title it References (Reference if citing only one work) and center the titleDouble-space entriesIndividual entries should have a hanging indent (i.e. first line of entry is flush with the left margin, subsequent lines indented)Order of entriesEntries are alphabetized by author's last nameFor works with multiple authors, alphabetize by the last name of the first listed authorMultiple works by the same author(s) are alphabetized by the first author’s last name and ordered amongst themselves by year of publication (earliest first)Multiple works by the same first author, but different subsequent authors, are alphabetized within the list by the last name of the first author, and then alphabetized amongst themselves by the first unique last nameWhen the author is a group, alphabetize by the first significant word in the group's nameWorks signed Anonymous should be alphabetized as if that is the author's nameWorks with no author should move the title to the author position (before the date of publication) and alphabetize by the first significant title wordElements of an entryEach entry usually contains the following four elements: a) author b) publication date c) title and d) publishing dataCommas generally separate items within an elementPeriods are generally used to end an elementa) Author–Invert authors' names -- e.g., Last name, A. A., Last name, B. B., & Last name, C. C.–Use commas between an author's last name and initials, between initials and suffixes, and between multiple authors.When there are multiple authors, precede the last named author by &–Provide author last names and initials for works by one to six authors. For seven or more, follow the sixth author by a comma and the abbreviation et al.–If the author is a group, its name should be written in full, capitalizing the first letter of significant words. A parent body precedes a subdivision of an organization -- e.g., University of Somewhere, Department of Something –If the work has no author, move the work's title to the author position of the entry–Edited books generally treat the editor as the author. Follow editor name with (Ed.) or (Eds.) as appropriate However: If a book has only one author and also an editor, the editor’s name is given in parentheses, after the title --in the manner a translator would be treated. In this case, the editor name is not inverted –e.g.,Title of book (A. A. Lastname, Ed.).–For a chapter in a book, the chapter author is the author listed for the entry. Editor information, if any, precedes the book title and is not inverted. See book chapter example for a sample citation.•Multiple editors are separated with a comma; use & between the last two named editors•If there are only two editors, use & without a comma between the editor names•Follow editor name(s) with (Ed.),or (Eds.),–Reviews treat the reviewer as the author for the entryb) Publication date–The year of publication is enclosed in parentheses. It usually follows the author name and precedes the title.–For magazines, newsletters, and newspapers, provide the year followed by the exact date as given on the publication –i.e. month, month and day, or season of the issue – e.g., (YYYY, Month dd) or (YYYY, Season)–If there is no date available, enter (n.d.)c) TitleCapitalization & italics–For published periodicals, capitalize the first letter of all significant title words–For nonperiodicals, book chapters, and articles, capitalize only the first word, and proper nouns, of titles and subtitles –Italicize titles of whole works for both periodicals and nonperiodicals. Also italicize the volume number, if any, for periodicals. Do not italicize the titles of parts of a larger work – e.g., chapters in books, articles in journals, etc.Title is a chapter in a bookAfter the author, cite the chapter title and add a period. Enter In and give the name of the book's editor(s), if any, the title of the book, and, in parentheses, the page numbers cited (use abbreviation p. or pp. as appropriate)See book chapter example, for a sample citationEdition, report number, volume information (for nonperiodicals & book chapters)–With a book, enclose any of the above in parentheses after the title -- e.g., Title of book: Subtitle (3rd ed.).–For a chapter in a book, provide this information prior to, and in the same parentheses as, the relevant page numbers, separated by a comma -- e.g., Title of chapter. In Title of book (3rd. ed., pp. 6-12).–Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) to indicate volume numbersOther descriptive information.Any non-standard descriptive information regarding the form, or type of source cited, that is important for the identification of the material, is placed in brackets–For descriptive information regarding articles & chapters in a book, place brackets after the article or chapter title --e.g., Title of article [Letter to the editor or Special issue, etc.].–For descriptive information regarding books and other nonperiodicals, place brackets after the title and after any parenthetical information as regards edition, volume, etc. --e.g.,Title of nonperiodical (parenthetical information, if any) [Motion picture or Bibliography, etc.].–For reviews, place brackets after the review title, identify it as a review, identify the medium reviewed and the title of the work reviewed – e.g., Title of review[Review of the book/motion picture/television program/etc.Title of Book, Motion Picture, etc.].If a review is untitled, place the bracketed material after the review author and date; retain the brackets . See reviewexample, for sample citations.Periodical–Provide the title of the periodical, the volume number, if any, and inclusive page numbers–Do not use abbreviation vol. before the number; use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) to indicate volume numbers–If a periodical does not use volume numbers, include the month, season, or other designation following the year of publication – e.g., Author, A. A. (1991, July).–If a journal paginates each issue separately (i.e. each issue starts its numbering with page 1), provide the issue number, in parentheses, immediately after the volume number – e.g., 38(2), 12-17.–When noting page number(s) in an entry for a newspaper article, precede number(s) with p. or pp.–See article examples for sample citationsd) Place of publication and publisher (non-periodicals)–Provide the city, state (or province where applicable) and country (if outside the United States.).–Place a colon after the place of publication and provide the name of the publisher. Use 2-letter abbreviations for states –If two or more publisher locations are listed, give the first or the home office (if known)–If the publisher is a university and the university name includes the state or province, do not repeat that information in the place of publication–Write, in full, the name of associations, corporations & university presses. Omit terms like Publishers, Co., or Inc., not required to identify the publisher. Keep the words Books and Press.ADDITIONAL RULES FOR ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONSThe rules for citing electronic publications build upon those of their print counterparts. In general, you include the same elements, in the same order, as you would for a print copy of the material. Then you add a retrieval statement that provides details about electronic access to your source. APA guidelines for resource types are given above, guidelines for the electronic retrieval statement are outlined below. Note: what you include in a citation will depend partly on the information the source makes available. Sometimes a judgement call, as to what information to include, is required. When this is the case, keep in mind that the overall goal of the citation is to make a source findable to your readers.Retrieval statement. A retrieval statement is provided at the end of a citation's entry. It may include the date and/or source location.Retrieval date. When the source content is likely to change, or is retrieved from the "open" web, include the date of access,e.g., Retrieved Month day, year, from source/location.When the cited work has no fixed publication date, edition, or version, a retrieval date documents the moment you referred to a “changeable” sourceA retrieval date is not needed when the content is not likely to change – e.g., the published version of a journal article orbook.When in doubt about whether a retrieval date is needed, providing the date is acceptable styleName/location of a source. A decision will need to be made between the provision of a DOI, a URL, or a database name, and, for nonperiodicals, what publisher information needs to be included.DOI–When a D igital O bject I dentifier is available for the cited source, provide it in lieu of a URL or database name–Copy DOIs exactly and do not place a period at the end of the entry–See electronic journal article citation for an example entry with a DOIDOIs are used by scholarly publishers to uniquely identify electronic content and provide a persistent way to retrieve it that is notdatabase specific. A fuller discussion of DOIs, including more information on how to locate them within a source,is available via /elecmedia.htmlURL–Give the full URL to the material cited when the source is freely available–If the material cited was accessed via a subscription based resource (such as a library licensed database), give the URL to the home page of that resource. Also give the URL to the home page of reference resources (such as onlinedictionaries or encyclopedias).Your reader may not have access to a given subscription database, and/or the database may generate URLs that are not permanent.In both cases, providing the home page avoids the likelihood of a non-working URL.However: URLs for subscription resources can be complex and may not easily reduce to a homepage. Should this prove the case, providing the name of the database, in lieu of a URL, is acceptable – see next entry.–Copy URLs exactly and do not place a period at the end of the entry–If you need to break a URL across several lines of text, break it before a point of punctuation -- do not break it after http:// and do not use a hyphen to break it–When the URL leads to a page on how to obtain/purchase the material (for example, a vendor like Amazon), state Available from instead of Retrieved fromDatabase name–For subscription-based resources (when no DOI is available for the material cited and the URL does not reduce to an identifiable homepage) provide the database name -- e.g., Retrieved from database name.–Provide the name of a database used to access documents of limited circulation (hard to find books, etc.) Geographic location & publisher (non-periodicals)–The geographic location of a publisher is not generally needed–The name of the publisher is needed if it is not evident elsewhere in an entry (e.g., via the author's name for self-published works, via the URL if it includes the publisher name, etc.)–When you need to cite a publisher, you generally do so in the retrieval statement -- e.g.,Retrieved from Publisher at source location.However, when the material was not retrieved from the publisher, include any publisher location/nameinformation available as you would for a print copy, and then add a retrieval statement according to theguidelines noted above. This will provide your reader with the information they need to locate the source, either onlineor in print format. See online book citations for examples.–No publisher name is needed when a DOI is part of a citationNeed More Help??For complete information regarding the structure of individual citations, order of entries, citing materials not represented, etc., consult the following APA guides:•Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2001. The official APA style guide. Call number: BF11 A5 P8 (Doe & Moffitt Reference and otherlocations). Note: The rules for citing electronic resources have been updated since this guide was published. The APA has made these updates available online – see next bullet point.•An official update to the APA print manual as regards the citation of electronic references is available at /elecref.htmlBibliographic management software, like EndNote or RefWorks, can help automate the citation process. Similarly, many databases allow the export of their citations in APA style. To learn more about these options, visit/instruct/know_your_library.html#bib or talk with a reference librarian.(3/09) TD。

OWNER’S MANUAL CITATION ONECITATION 100INSTRUCTIONS Verify Line Voltage Before UseThe Citation speaker has been designed for use with 100-240 volt, 50/60 Hz AC current. Connection to a line voltageother than that for which your product is intended can createa safety and fire hazard and may damage the unit. If you haveany questions about the voltage requirements for your specific model or about the line voltage in your area, contact yourselling dealer before plugging the unit into a wall outlet.Do Not Use Extension CordsTo avoid safety hazards, use only the power cord suppliedwith your unit. We do not recommend that extension cords be used with this product. As with all electrical devices, do not run power cords under rugs or carpets, or place heavy objects on them. Damaged power cords should be replaced immediatelyby an authorized service center with a cord that meets factory specifications.Handle the AC Power Cord GentlyWhen disconnecting the power cord from an AC outlet, always pull the plug; never pull the cord. If you do not intend to useyour speaker for any considerable length of time, disconnectthe plug from the AC outlet.Do Not Open the CabinetThere are no user-serviceable components inside this product. Opening the cabinet may present a shock hazard, and any modification to the product will void your warranty. If water accidentally falls inside the unit, disconnect it from the ACpower source immediately, and consult an authorized service center.I MPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (2)I NTRODUCTION (4)W HAT’S IN THE BOX (5)P RODUCT OVERVIEW (6)P LACEMENT (9)P OWER ON (10)C ONNECTING TO WI-FI (11)U SING YOUR CITATION SPEAKER (13)S ETTINGS (16)S PECIFICATIONS (18)T ROUBLESHOOTING (19)T RADEMARKS (20)This manual includes information of CITATION ONE and CITATION 100 speakers. We encourage you to take a few minutes to read this manual, which describes the products and includes step-by-step instructions to help you set up and get started. Read and understand all the safety instructions before using your product.This product may have an important software update available. Please follow the instructions to connect the product to Wi-Fi to ensure that your product has the most recent software updates.Design and specifications are subject to change without notice. If you have any questions about these products, their installation or their operation, please contact your Harman Kardon retailer or customer service, or visit us at www. Carefully unpack the box and check if the following parts are included. If any part is damaged, do not use it, contact your Harman Kardon retailer or customer service.121. Main unit (CITATION 100 / CITATION ONE )2. Power cord** Power cord quantity and plug type vary by regions.OVERVIEW Top Panel and Front Side 5324161. • Press to play or pause the music.• Press to stop timer/alarm ringing and responses.• Press and hold more than 2 seconds to activate Google Assistant.2.• Press to mute or resume the microphone./PRODUCTOVERVIEW 3. + / - (Volume)• Press to increase or decrease the volume.4. LED indicators5.• Press to enter the Bluetooth pairing mode.6. Microphones/PRODUCTOVERVIEW Bottom Side12341.• Wi-Fi status.2. POWER• Connect to the power supply.3. RESET• Press and hold for 5 seconds to restore the factorysettings.4. SERVICE (For service personnel only)Place your Citation speaker on any flat and stable surface near a wall outlet.NOTES:• You can place your Citation speaker anywhere in your house, from the basement to the upstairs, and from the bedroom to thekitchen.• For a better connection quality, place the speaker as close to your wireless router as possible.NOTES:• Use only the provided power cord.Plug one end of the AC power cord into the POWER connector on the bottom of the speaker, then plug the other end to a live AC (mains) wall socket.ÆThe speaker will automatically power on./CONNECTING TO WI-FIYour Citation speaker is required to connect Wi-Fi with theGoogle Home app.1) Download the Google Home app on your smartphone ortablet.2) Power on your Citation speaker.3) Run the Google Home app and set up your Citation speakeras instructed in the app. Always follow the instructions in theapp to complete the Wi-Fi setup.4) Sign in with your Google account to enjoy a personalizedexperience from the Google Assistant. If you do not have,create a new one./CONNECTINGTOWI-FIWi-Fi statusCAUTION:• If you encounter any setup issues, make sure to enable Bluetoothand location services on your smartphone or tablet./ USING YOURCITATION SPEAKERTalk to Google AssistantYour Citation speaker comes with the Google Assistant built in.You can play music, get answers, manage everyday tasks, andeasily control smart devices around your home by using yourvoice.Always say the wake word “Ok Google” or “Hey Google” firstand then your request.ÆCitation speaker will respond instantly.NOTE:• For the latest voice commands, visit .Play Music with ChromecastWith Chromecast built in, you can stream music / tunes /podcasts / playlists from 300+ music apps to your speaker bysimply tapping the Cast button.1) Run the Chromecast enabled app on your smartphone ortablet.2) Press the icon in the app and select the Citation speaker./ U S I N G Y O U R C I T A T I O N S P E A K E R3) Press “Play ” in the app.NOTES:• The name of your Citation speaker is assigned during the Wi-Fi setup.• The Citation speaker can support audio streaming but not video streaming.Multi-room Group Playback with Citation FamilyCitation speaker can support multi-room control provided by Chromecast built-in.In the Google Home app, simply create a group, add your speakers together and then you have multi-room playability. NOTES:• Refer to Google Home app for more details.• The amount of Chromecast speakers you can stream music to depends on the bandwidth of your local wireless network.Theoretically, an unlimited amount of devices can be connected to stream the same song.Play Music through BluetoothYou can use your Citation speaker as an external speaker for your Bluetooth enabled smartphone or tablet. 1) Press to enter Bluetooth pairing mode.2) Select “CITATION ONE ” / “CITATION 100” to connect./USINGYOURCITATIONSPEAKERCitation One 100NOTES:• Press and hold for more than 5 seconds to disconnect allBluetooth connection and re-enter the pairing mode.• Bluetooth performance can be affected by the distance between thisproduct and your Bluetooth device and the environment of operation.Playback Controls••/ SETTINGS VolumeYou have three ways to adjust the volume while playing music:• Press -/+ button on the top panel to decrease or increase the volume.• Adjust the volume via the Google Home app on your smartphone or tablet.• Ask Google Assistant to adjust the volume by your voice.Mute the MicrophonePress to turn off the built-in microphone to disable voice command detection.To resume the microphone function, press once again. Software UpgradeThe software of your Citation speaker will be automatically upgraded to the latest version when the speaker is connected to the Internet via a Wi-Fi network./SETTINGSCleaning and MaintenanceTo keep the exterior surface of your Citation speaker clean,unplug the AC power cord from the speaker first, wipe theexterior surfaces gently with a clean, soft cloth.CAUTION:• Do not use alcohol, benzene, or thinner to clean the fabric surface.CITATION ONE CITATION 100Transducer 1 x 89 mm woofer,1 x 20 mm tweeter 1 x 102 mm woofer, 1 x 20 mm tweeterOutput power40W RMS50W RMSSignal-to-noise ratio80dBA 80dBAPower supply100-240v ~ 50/60Hz100-240v ~ 50/60Hz Bluetooth version 4.2 4.2Bluetooth transmitterfrequency range2402 − 2480MHz2402 − 2480MHz Bluetooth transmitter power<5dBm<5dBmBluetooth transmittermodulationGFSK, π/4 DQPSK, 8DPSK GFSK, π/4 DQPSK, 8DPSKWireless network802.11a/b/g/n/ac(2.4GHz/5GHz)802.11a/b/g/n/ac (2.4GHz/5GHz)5G Wi-Fi transmitter frequency range 5.150~5.350GHz,5.470~5.725GHz,5.725~5.825GHz5.150~5.350GHz,5.470~5.725GHz,5.725~5.825GHz5G Wi-Fi transmitter power<20dBm<20dBm5G Wi-Fi modulation QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM,64QAM, 256QAM QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM2.4G Wi-Fi transmitter frequency range 2412 – 2472MHz (2.4GHzISM Band, USA 11 Channels,Europe and others 13Channels)2412 – 2472MHz (2.4GHzISM Band, USA 11 Channels,Europe and others 13Channels)2.4G Wi-Fi transmitter power<20dBm<20dBm2.4G Wi-Fi modulation DBPSK, DQPSK, CCK,QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM,64QAM DBPSK, DQPSK, CCK, QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM, 64QAMSupported audio formats HE-AAC, LC-AAC, MP3,Vorbis, WAV (LPCM), FLAC,Opus HE-AAC, LC-AAC, MP3, Vorbis, WAV (LPCM), FLAC, OpusDimensions (W x H x D) 5.5 x 7.4 x 5.5 in /140 x 188 x 140 mm 6.8 x 10.8 x 6.4 in / 172 x 275 x 163 mmFailed to connect to Wi-Fi.• Make sure that Wi-Fi is turned on.• Make sure that you have selected the right network and entered the correct password.• Make sure that your router or modem is turned on and within the range.• Make sure that your Citation speaker is connected to the same wireless LAN as your smartphone or tablet. The Google Home app cannot find the device.• Make sure that your Citation speaker is powered on.• Make sure that your network is working properly.• Make sure that your router or modem is powered on and within the range.No response to the voice command.• Depending on the location of your Citation speaker, the ambient conditions may prevent the speaker fromdetecting the voice command “OK Google”. Avoidplacing the Citation speaker in a noisy place or a placethat is exposed to strong winds or echoes (soundreflections).• Make sure that the built-in microphones are not muted.T he Bluetooth® word mark and logosare registered trademarks owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by HARMAN International Industries, Incorporated is under license. Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners.T he Wi-Fi CERTIFIED Logo is certification marks of the Wi-Fi Alliance.G oogle, Google Play, Chromecast and other related marks are trademarks of Google LLC. Chromecast built-in may require subscription(s). The Google Assistant requires an internet connection and is not available in certain countries and languages. Availability and react of certain features and services are device, service, and network-dependent and may not be available in all areas. Controlling certain devices in your home requires compatible smart devices. Subscriptions for services and applications may be required and additional terms, conditions and/or charges may apply.21。

MANUAL DO USUÁRIO CITATION ONECITATION 100IMPORTANTES DESEGURANÇAVerifique a Voltagem da Rede Antes de UsarA coluna Citation foi concebida para uma utilização com corrente100-240 V, 50/60 Hz AC. A ligação a uma voltagem que não aindicada para o produto poderá criar um risco de segurança e deincêndio e poderá provocar danos na unidade. Se tiver dúvidassobre os requisitos de voltagem para o seu modelo específicoou sobre a voltagem na sua zona, entre em contacto com o seu fornecedor antes de ligar a unidade a uma tomada.Não Utilize Extensões ElétricasPara evitar riscos de segurança, use apenas o cabo de alimentação fornecido com a sua unidade. Não recomendamos o uso de extensõeselétricas com este produto. Tal como com todos os dispositivoselétricos, não coloque cabos de alimentação por baixo de tapetes ou alcatifas, nem coloque objetos pesados sobre os mesmos. Os cabosde alimentação danificados devem ser substituídos de imediato porum cabo com as especificações de fábrica junto de um centro deassistência técnica autorizado.Manuseie o Cabo de Alimentação AC com CuidadoQuando desligar o cabo de alimentação da tomada, puxe pelaficha, nunca pelo cabo. Se não for usar a coluna por um períodode tempo considerável, desligue-a da tomada.Não Abra o DispositivoNão existem componentes reparáveis pelo usuário no interior do produto. Abrir o dispositivo pode constituir um risco de choque, equalquer modificação ao produto anulará a sua garantia. Se cairágua acidentalmente dentro da unidade, desligue-a imediatamenteda fonte de alimentação AC, e consulte um centro de assistênciatécnico autorizado.Atenção: conforme lei brasileira n° 11.291, a exposição prolongada aINSTRUÇÕES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURANÇA (2)I NTRODUÇÃO (4)O QUE VAI ENCONTRAR NA CAIXA (5)A PRESENTAÇÃO DO PRODUTO (6)I NSTALAÇÃO (9)L IGAR (10)L IGAR AO WI-FI (11)U SAR A SUA COLUNA CITATION (13)C ONFIGURAÇÕES (16)E SPECIFICAÇÕES (18)R ESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS (20)M ARCAS REGISTADAS (21)Este manual contém informação sobre as colunas CITATION ONE e CITATION 100. Aconselhamos dispor de alguns minutos à leitura deste manual, que descreve os produtos e inclui instruções passo a passo que o ajudam a instalar e a iniciar a utilização. Leia e compreenda todas as instruções de segurança antes de usar o seu produto.Este produto pode dispor de importantes atualizações de software. Leia as instruções para ligar o produto a uma rede Wi-Fi para assegurar que o mesmo tem as mais recentes atualizações de software.As funções e especificações estão sujeitas a alterações sem aviso prévio.Caso tenha alguma questão sobre estes produtos, a sua instalação ou o seu funcionamento, contacte o seu vendedor ou o apoio ao cliente da Harman Kardon, ou visite-nos em ENCONTRAR NACAIXADesembale cuidadosamente a caixa e verifique se estãoincluídos os seguintes componentes. Caso algum componenteesteja danificado, não o use e contacte o seu vendedor ou oapoio ao cliente da Harman Kardon.121. Unidade principal (CITATION 100 / CITATION ONE)2. Cabo de alimentação**O comprimento do cabo de alimentação e o tipo de ficha deligação variam consoante a região.PRODUTOPainel Superior e Parte Frontal5324161. • Pressione para reproduzir ou pausar a música.• Pressione para parar o alarme e respostas do relógio.• Pressione durante mais de 2 segundos para ativar oGoogle Assistant. 2.• Pressione para função sem som (mute) ou para retomaro microfone./ A P R E S E N T A ÇÃO D O P R O D U T O3. + / - (Volume)• Pressione para aumentar ou diminuir o volume.4. Indicadores LED5.• Pressione para ativar o modo de emparelhamento Bluetooth.6. Microfones/APRESENTAÇÃODO Parte inferiorPROD Array UTO 12341.• Estado do Wi-Fi.2. POWER• Ligue à fonte de alimentação.3. RESET• Pressione durante 5 segundos para restaurar asconfigurações de fábrica.4. SERVICE (SERVIÇO ) (apenas para pessoal credenciado)Coloque a sua coluna Citation numa superfície plana e estável perto de uma tomada.NOTAS:• Pode colocar a sua coluna Citation em qualquer parte da casa, da cave aos pisos superiores, e do quarto até à cozinha.• Para assegurar uma ligação de qualidade superior, coloque a coluna o mais próximo possível do seu router sem-fios.NOTA:• Use apenas o cabo de alimentação fornecido.Ligue uma extremidade do cabo de alimentação AC à ligação POWER na base da coluna, e depois ligue a outra extremidade a uma tomada ligada à rede elétrica.ÆA coluna ligar-se-á automaticamente./LIGAR AO WI-FI A sua coluna Citation tem de ser ligada por Wi-Fi à aplicaçãoGoogle Home.1) Descarregue a aplicação Google Home no seu smartphoneou tablet.2) Ligue a sua coluna Citation.3) Execute a aplicação Google Home e configure a sua colunaCitation confirme indicado na aplicação. Siga sempre asinstruções na aplicação para concluir a configuração Wi-Fi.4) Inicie com a sua conta Google para desfrutar de umaexperiência personalizada com o Google Assistant. Casonão possua, crie uma nova./LIGARAOWI-FIEstado do Wi-FiCUIDADO:• Caso se depare com algum problema de configuração, assegure-se de que ativa os serviços de Bluetooth e visualização no seusmartphone ou tablet./ USAR A SUACOLUNA CITATIONFalar com o Google AssistantA sua coluna Citation vem com o Google Assistantincorporado. Pode reproduzir música, obter respostas, gerir astarefas diárias e controlar facilmente os dispositivos inteligentesem sua casa utilizando a sua voz.Diga sempre primeiro a palavra de ativação “Ok Google” ou“Hey Google” seguida da sua solicitação.ÆA coluna Citation responderá de imediato.NOTA:• Para os comandos de voz mais recentes visite . Reproduzir Música com o ChromecastCom o Chromecast incorporado, pode fazer o streaming demúsica / tunes / podcasts / playlists de + 300 aplicações demúsica para a sua coluna, simplesmente carregando no botãoCast.1) Execute a aplicação Chromecast no seu smartphone outablet./ U S A R A S U A C O L U N A C I T A T I O N2) Pressione o ícone na aplicação e selecione a coluna Citation.3) Pressione “Play” na aplicação.NOTAS:• O nome da sua coluna Citation é atribuído durante a configuração Wi-Fi.• A coluna Citation suporta o streaming de áudio mas não de vídeo.Reprodução de Música em Grupo ○em ○Várias Salas com Citation FamilyA coluna Citation suporta um controlo de várias salas proporcionado pelo Chromecast incorporado.Na aplicação Google Home, simplesmente crie um grupo, agrupe as suas colunas em conjunto e terá disponível uma função de várias salas. NOTAS:• Consulte a aplicação Google Home para mais pormenores.• A quantidade de colunas Chromecast que consegue fazerstreaming da música depende da largura de banda da sua rede de internet sem-fios. Teoricamente, a quantidade de dispositivos que podem ser ligados para fazer o streaming da mesma música é ilimitada.Reproduzir Música através de BluetoothPode usar a sua coluna Citation como uma coluna externa para o seu smartphone ou tablet com ligação Bluetooth. 1) Pressione para ativar o modo de emparelhamento Bluetooth.2) Selecione “CITATION ONE” / “CITATION 100” para ligar./USARASUACOLUNACITATIONCitation One 100NOTAS:• Pressione e aguarde durante mais de 5 segundos paradesligar todas as ligações Bluetooth e reentrar em modo deemparelhamento.• O desempenho do Bluetooth pode ser afetado pela distânciaentre este produto e o seu dispositivo Bluetooth e o ambiente deoperação.Controlos de Reprodução de Música/CONFIGURAÇÕES VolumeTem três formas de ajustar o volume enquanto a música estivera tocar:• Pressione o botão -/+ no painel superior para aumentarou diminuir o volume.• Ajuste o volume através da aplicação Google Home noseu smartphone ou tablet.• Peça ao Google Assistant para ajustar o volume atravésda sua voz.Silenciar o MicrofonePressione para desligar o microfone incorporado paradesativar o comando de deteção de voz.Para retomar a função microfone, pressione novamente.Atualização de SoftwareO software da sua coluna Citation será automaticamenteatualizado para a mais recente versão quando a coluna forligada à internet através da rede Wi-Fi./CONFIGURAÇÕESRESET naLimpeza e ManutençãoPara manter a superfície da sua coluna Citation limpa, primeirodesligue o cabo de alimentação AC da coluna e limpe asuperfície exterior com um pano limpo e macio.CUIDADO:• Não use álcool, benzeno ou diluente para limpar a superfície detecido./ESPECIFICAÇÕESCITATION ONE CITATION 100Transdutor Woofer 1 x 89 mm,tweeter 1 x 20 mm Woofer 1 x 102 mm, tweeter 1 x 20 mmPotência de saída40W RMS50W RMSRácio de sinal-para-ruído80dBA 80dBAFonte de alimentação100-240v ~ 50/60Hz100-240v ~ 50/60HzVersão Bluetooth 4.2 4.2Faixa de frequência dotransmissor Bluetooth2402 − 2480MHz2402 − 2480MHzPotência do transmissorBluetooth<5dBm<5dBmModulação do transmissorBluetoothGFSK, π/4 DQPSK, 8DPSK GFSK, π/4 DQPSK, 8DPSKRede sem-fios802.11a/b/g/n/ac(2,4GHz/5GHz)802.11a/b/g/n/ac (2,4GHz/5GHz)Faixa de frequência do transmissor Wi-Fi 5G 5,150~5,350GHz,5,470~5,725GHz,5,725~5,825GHz5,150~5,350GHz,5,470~5,725GHz,5,725~5,825GHzPotência do transmissor Wi-Fi5G<20dBm<20dBmModulação Wi-Fi 5G QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM,64QAM, 256QAM QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAMFaixa de frequência do transmissor Wi-Fi 2,4G 2412 – 2472MHz (BandaISM 2,4GHz, EUA 11 Canais,Europa e outros 13 canais)2412 – 2472MHz (BandaISM 2,4GHz, EUA 11 Canais,Europa e outros 13 canais)Potência do transmissor Wi-Fi2,4G Wi-Fi<20dBm<20dBmModulação Wi-Fi 2,4G DBPSK, DQPSK, CCK,QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM,64QAM DBPSK, DQPSK, CCK, QPSK, BPSK, 16QAM, 64QAMCITATION ONE CITATION 100Formatos de áudio suportados HE-AAC, LC-AAC, MP3,Vorbis, WAV (LPCM),FLAC, OpusHE-AAC, LC-AAC, MP3,Vorbis, WAV (LPCM),FLAC, OpusDimensões (L x A x P)5,5 x 7,4 x 5,5 pol /140 x 188 x 140 mm 6,8 x 10,8 x 6,4 pol / 172 x 275 x 163 mmPeso4,4 lbs / 2,0 kg5,9 lbs / 2,7 kg/RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMASFalha ao ligar ao Wi-Fi.• Assegure-se de que o Wi-Fi está ligado.• Assegure-se de que escolheu a rede correta e queintroduziu a palavra-passe correta.• Assegure-se de que o seu router ou modem está ligadoe no raio de alcance.• Assegure-se de que a sua coluna Citation está ligada à mesma rede sem-fios que o seu smartphone ou tablet.A aplicação Google Home não consegue encontrar odispositivo.• Assegure-se de que a sua coluna Citation está ligada.• Assegure-se de que a sua rede de internet está atrabalhar adequadamente.• Assegure-se de que o seu router ou modem está ligadoe no raio de alcance.Nenhuma resposta à voz de comando.• Dependendo da localização da sua coluna Citation,as condições ambientais podem impedir a coluna dedetetar a voz de comando “OK Google”. Evite colocara coluna Citation num local barulhento ou num localexposto a ventos fortes ou ecos (reflexão sonora).• Assegure-se de que os microfones incorporados nãoestão silenciados./ MARCASREGISTADASA designação e o logótipo Bluetooth®são marcas registadas e detidas pelaBluetooth SIG, Inc. e qualquer utilizaçãodestas marcas pela HARMAN InternationalIndustries, Incorporated, é efetuadasob licença. Outras marcas comerciaise nomes registados são dos respetivosproprietários.O Logo Wi-Fi CERTIFIED é uma marcacertificada da Wi-Fi Alliance.G oogle, Google Play, Chromecast, eoutras marcas relacionadas são marcasregistadas da Google LLC. O Chromecastincorporado pode exigir subscrição(ões).O Google Assistant exige uma ligaçãode internet e não está disponível emdeterminados países e idiomas. Adisponibilidade e reação a determinadasfuncionalidades e serviços estãodependentes do dispositivo, do serviçoe da rede e podem não estar disponíveisem todas as áreas. Controlar determinadosdispositivos na sua casa exige dispositivosinteligentes compatíveis. Podem sernecessárias subscrições de serviços eaplicações e podem ser aplicados termos,condições e/ou taxas adicionais.。

引文的概念
引文（Citation）是在学术、研究和学术写作中的引述或引用他人原始文献、信息或观点的方式。

引文的主要目的是为了支持自己的观点、论证、研究或写作，同时承认他人的贡献，确保知识的传播和透明性。

引文通常包括以下要素：
1. 作者：引文中包括原文的作者的姓名。

这有助于准确标识出处。

2. 标题：引文中通常包括原文的题目或章节标题。

3. 出版日期：引文应包括原文的出版日期，以确定信息的时效性。

4. 出处：引文应包括原文出处的完整引用，包括期刊、书籍、网站等的名称和相关信息。

5. 页码：如果适用，引用的具体页码可以帮助读者更精确地找到引用的部分。

引文的主要作用包括：
1. 避免抄袭：引文可确保你在学术写作中不会抄袭他人的作品，保护知识产权。

2. 支持观点：引用其他研究、观点或数据可以用来支持自己的观点，加强论证。

3. 提供证据：引文提供了支持你的研究或写作的证据，增加了你的作品的可信度。

4. 深化研究：引文可以指导读者深入研究特定主题，了解更多相关文献。

5. 提供透明性：引文使读者能够追溯和验证你的信息来源，增加了写作的透明度。

不同领域和学术规范可能有不同的引文风格和格式，如MLA、APA、Chicago等。

在学术写作中，正确使用引文是至关重要的，以确保学术诚信和研究的质量。

用户手册CITATION 500CITATION 300请勿使用延长线为了避免安全隐患，仅限使用此产品随附的电源线。

我们不建议您在使用本产品时配备延长线。

使用任何电子设备时，都不要将电源线放在毛毯、地毯或重物下面。

如果电源线受到了损坏，请您立即与我们授权的服务中心联系，并请他们为您更换符合工厂规格的电源线。

谨慎处理交流电电源线从交流电插座上断开电源线时，请务必拔下插头，而不要拖曳线缆。

若较长时期内不使用您的音箱时，请从交流电插座上断开插头。

请勿打开机箱本产品中不包含用户可以维修的组件。

打开机箱可能会有触电危险，如果您自行对产品进行修理，您将不会获得我们的保修服务。

如果不小心有水溅落到本产品中，请立即断开交流电电源，并咨询授权的服务中心。

重要安全说明 (2)简介 (4)产品清单 (5)产品概览 (6)放置 (8)开启 (9)连接无线网络 (10)使用您的 CITATION 音箱 (11)设置 (17)规格 (19)故障排除 (20)商标 (21)本手册包含 CITATION 300 和 CITATION 500 音箱的信息。

我们建议您花几分钟时间阅读本手册。

该手册介绍产品，并提供设置和入门的逐步说明。

在使用产品前，请阅读并理解所有安全说明。

此产品可能有重要的软件更新。

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如果任何部件损坏，请勿使用，并联系您的 Harman Kardon 零售商或客户服务部门。

121. 主机 (CITATION 500 / CITATION 300)2. 电源线1. 触摸屏（向上或向下、向左或向右滑动以实现更多操作）2. 麦克风3. - / +（音量）• 按下以降低或调高音量。

智慧芽citation检索-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述在信息爆炸的时代，如何有效地管理和利用大量的学术文献成为了学术界和科研人员面临的重要问题。

智慧芽citation检索技术应运而生，为学者们提供了一种快速、精确地检索相关文献的方法。

通过智慧芽citation 检索，研究者可以轻松地找到与自己研究主题相关的文献，节省大量的时间和精力。

本文将深入探讨智慧芽citation检索技术的定义、优势以及应用领域，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和应用这一技术。

1.2 文章结构文章结构部分应该包括对整篇文章主要内容和各个部分的简要介绍，让读者对整个文章有一个清晰的概念。

文章结构的内容可以如下编写：文章结构部分介绍了本文的整体架构，包括引言、正文和结论三个主要部分。

在引言部分中，会给出对智慧芽citation检索的概述，文章结构以及撰写本文的目的。

正文部分将介绍智慧芽citation检索的定义、优势以及应用领域。

最后在结论部分，会总结智慧芽citation检索的重要性，展望其未来发展，并进行最终结论。

通过文章结构的介绍，读者可以清晰地了解整篇文章的主要内容和结构，从而更好地理解和阅读文章的内容。

1.3 目的本文的主要目的是介绍和探讨智慧芽citation检索技术在学术研究和信息检索领域的重要性和应用。

通过对智慧芽citation检索的概念、优势以及应用领域的深入分析，旨在帮助读者更好地了解该技术的特点和优势，促进学术交流和信息检索效率提升。

同时，本文也将展望智慧芽citation 检索技术未来的发展趋势，为读者提供对未来发展方向的思考和展望。

通过阐述对智慧芽citation检索的重要性和未来发展前景，旨在引导读者更深入地了解和应用这一重要的信息检索技术。

2.正文2.1 什么是智慧芽citation检索智慧芽citation检索是一种基于智能算法和大数据技术的文献引用关系检索工具。

它通过分析论文中的引用关系，找出文献之间的引用链条，从而帮助研究者更方便地获取相关领域的研究成果。

Citation用法引言在学术写作和研究中，引用（Citation）是一种重要的实践，用于支持和加强作者的观点，并为读者提供进一步阅读和查证的信息来源。

引用的正确使用不仅能提高学术作品的可信度和可靠性，还能避免抄袭和知识产权的问题。

本文将介绍引用的定义、目的、常用的引用风格和格式，以及一些引用的注意事项。

定义引用是指在学术写作中使用他人的观点、研究成果、数据、引文等，以支持自己的观点或证明某个论点。

通过引用他人的作品，作者可以向读者展示自己的研究基础和对相关文献的了解，同时也表明自己的研究成果是建立在前人研究的基础之上的。

目的引用的主要目的是：1.支持和加强作者的观点：通过引用他人的研究成果和观点，作者可以为自己的观点提供更多的证据和支持，增加自己的可信度和说服力。

2.提供进一步阅读和查证的信息来源：引用可以帮助读者找到相关研究、文献和资料，进一步了解和深入研究主题，也可以方便读者对作者的观点和结论进行查证和验证。

3.尊重知识产权和学术道德：正确引用他人的作品可以避免抄袭和侵权问题，体现学术界的诚信和道德要求。

引用风格和格式在学术写作中，常见的引用风格有APA（American Psychological Association）、MLA（Modern Language Association）和Chicago等。

不同的学科和出版机构可能有不同的引用要求，因此在写作之前需要了解并遵守相应的引用规则。

以下是一些常见的引用格式要求：1.文章引用：作者姓氏、名字的首字母缩写，发表年份，文章标题，期刊名称，卷号，期号，页码。

2.书籍引用：作者姓氏、名字的首字母缩写，出版年份，书名，出版地，出版商。

3.网页引用：作者姓名（如果有），发布年份，文章标题，网页名称或网站名称，URL。

需要注意的是，引用的格式和内容可能会因不同的引用风格和出版要求而有所不同。

在进行引用时，应根据具体要求进行格式化，并在文末提供完整的参考文献列表。

论文注释和参考文献格式12.1注释Citations2.1.1夹注In-text Citations转述、阐释、总结他人主要观点、引用某些引文或所依据的文献无须详细注释者，以夹注的形式随文在括号内注明。

夹注与“参考文献”结合，形成一种方便、快捷说明引用出处的注释形式。

夹注的构成形式有以下几种情况：1）来自英语文章、专著的直接引语，作者姓名在文中已经出现：格式：出版年份：页码例：Rees said, “As key aspects of …in the process” (1986: 241), …2 ) 来自英语文章、专著的直接引语，作者姓名在文中没有出现：格式：作者姓名，出版年份：页码例：The underlying assumption is that language is “bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways”(Elli, 1968: 3).3 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语，作者姓名在文中已经出现：格式：出版年份：引文页码例：According to Alun Rees (1986: 234)〔夹注直接放在被引者后面〕, the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learningsituation.According to Alun Rees，the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation (1986: 234). 〔夹注也可以位于引语的最后〕4 ) 来自英语文章、专著的间接引语，作者姓名在文中没有提到：格式：作者姓名出版年份：引文页码例：It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance (Robertson, 1987: 136).5)来自汉语文章、专著，间接引用，作者姓名在文中已经出现2：格式：作者姓名拼音＋夹注（出版年份：引文页码）例：Wang Datong（2002: 111, 2005: 191) believed that…；6)来自汉语的文章、专著，间接引用，作者姓名在文中没有出现：1本格式主要参阅了APA，《外语教学与研究》杂志以及部分大学外语学院毕业论文格式要求；日语毕业论文格式另列。

TestCitation X When speed mattersCorporate aviation is about meeting the specific needs of the discerning customer.It is about arriving in style, in comfort, and most importantly, in time. But for pilots, the great news is that Cessna’s Cita-tion X (X as in the Roman numeral for 10) also offers them first class service.A PROUd HeRITAgeThe swept wing jet with ‘Citation X’em-blazoned on its engine nacelles sits domi-nantly on the ramp at Essendon, the top of the line in the Citation family which has evolved remarkably from the small, straight winged business jet that first flew in 1969. Back then, the original Citation’s short field performance was as impressive as its plush interior. While today’s CJ series and the new Citation Mustang ably fill the entry-level business jet category pioneered bytheir predecessor nearly four decades ago,the sophisticated, high speed Citation Xoperates in an altogether different segmentof the corporate aviation market.The Citation X first hit the drawingboards in 1990 and the first productionprototype took to the skies four years later.It was awarded the Collier Trophy in itsdebut year for the advances it had madein aviation and aerospace technology. In1996, the first proud owner of the type wasgolf champion Arnold Palmer, and todayaround 300 have been sold and over 1 mil-lion flight hours have been logged.This is a transcontinental machine thatedges the boundaries of the ‘right stuff’with a cruising Mach number up to 0.92,a certified ceiling of 51,000ft and a rangeof over 3000nm. It stands tall with a pairof aft mounted engines that deliver nearly13,500lb (60kN) of thrust between them.Notably, the cross section of the power-plants has the same diameter as the fuse-lage of the original Citation 500. Weighingin with a max takeoff weight of 16,345kgthis is an impressive aeroplane.STANdINg TALLThe aircraft for today’s flight is the USregistered Cessna demonstrator N712VP,and despite over 7000 hours on its airframeit shines as if it had just rolled off theproduction line. A number of features areimmediately apparent approaching theaircraft.Firstly, the high degree of sweepback ofthe wings – a sure indicator of an aircraftdesigned for speed as the wing seeks toincrease its critical Mach number. TheCitation X wing has 37 degrees of sweep-back, the most of any business jet and evengreater than the F-86 Sabre jet fighter. Itstailplane, mounted atop the fin, also pos-sesses a high degree of sweep at 42 degrees.DECEMBER 2008AUSTRALIAN AVIATION7071DECEMBER 2008AUSTRALIAN AVIATION PLeNTIfUL POWeR The aft mounted engines deliver nearly 13,500lb (60kN) of thrust between them, and have a diameter equal to the original Citation 500’s fuselage.fAST gLASS Five LCD screens dominate the flightdeck.The two impressive Rolls-Royce AE3007C1 powerplants are fully FADEC and rear mounted, with their noise foot-print being released into the airflow aft of the passenger cabin. The proportion of these engines to the overall aircraft size im-mediately gets one thinking of power-to-weight ratios. From the rear a substantial narrowing of the fuselage also lies aft of the cabin as the fuselage tapers towards the tail. This curvaceous ‘area rule’ design feature serves to reduce the drag that is created be-tween the fuselage and the engine nacelles.On closer inspection are tell-tale signs of the aircraft’s nature. The door has dual pressurisation seals, including a fail-safe ‘passive’ seal, to meet its certification requirements to 51,000ft. An additional acoustic seal is also evident to keep cabin noise to a minimum and with a Vmo of 350 KIAS above 8000ft, there can be quite an amount of air rushing by. Likewise, the nose locker doors housing the integrated avionics computers and other vital systems are robustly constructed to guard against bird strikes at such speeds.There are also subtle indicators of its pedigree. The wing is not only highly swept, it is very clean. There are no boundary layer energisers or other aerodynamic enhance-ments, indicating that the designers ‘got it right’ in the design phase. SeTTLINg IN Sliding into the left hand seat of the Ci-tation X is amply assisted by a large handle on the central windscreen pillar. To my right is senior Citation pilot Jeff Brollier from Wichita, who is tasked with guiding us safely between Essendon and Adelaide today. For this aircraft, the 350nm sector is a short hop and we are planned at a mere 36,000ft. Jeff explains that it is sectors such as Sydney to Perth where the Citation X can really display its true form.With the ability to climb directly to 41,000ft at maximum takeoff weight and subsequently cruise in the realm of 0.9 Mach, this business jet can make inroads into the strong headwinds that blow from the west in the form of jetstreams. On the other side of the ledger, Jeff has seen This is a transcontinental machine that edges the boundaries of the ‘right stuff ’ with a cruising Mach number up to 0.92 and a certified ceiling of 51,000ft.72DECEMBER 2008AUSTRALIAN AVIATIONfAST COMfORT The Citation X’s cabin typically seats eight.Need fOR SPeed The Mach speed indication in green at the bottom of the grey vertical strip shows 0.903M as the Citation nudges towards the speed of sound.ground speeds in excess of 700kt when fly-ing with the wind!For today’s sector, Jeff has topped both wing tanks to a total of 4000lb (1800kg) in each wing, well in excess of requirements for the 50 minute flight. This will allow an insight into the aircraft’s handling at more realistic weights.As one would expect, the passenger cabin is fantastically appointed. However, there is also an overwhelming sense of comfort from a pilot’s perspective. Finding the correct seat position is almost instinctive and the layout of the instrument panel and centre pedestal are ergonomically friendly. The panel is dominated by five central full colour screens displaying flight information and engine data. Outboard of these lie each pilot’s audio selector panel, while the centre pedestal is home to dual flight management CDUs and nav/comm units.Central on the pedestal is the throttle quadrant and speedbrake. Sitting fur-ther back than they are found on larger jet transports, the thrust lever position is quickly assimilated and is reminiscent of the location and feel of a short gear shift in a sports car, which is well in keeping with the nature of the Citation X.TAkINg fLIgHT Engine start is a very straightforward process that has both engines running in a minimum of time. From our position on the ramp, a tight left turn is called for and the Citation makes it easily with more turning ability available through the small nosewheel steering ‘tiller’ located on the side pedestal. The aircraft manoeuvres along the taxiways with a minimum of effort and its tendency to go fast is not limited to the flight envelope, though the very effective carbon brakes keep this in check.Today we are taking off at 13,600kg, 2725kg below MTOW. The speeds for the standard flap takeoff are V1 114, Vr 117 and V2 125. As the aircraft is not equipped with autothrottle, the thrust levers are simply ‘stood up’ and set to the correct detent for takeoff. What comes next is one of the most pilot-pleasing aspects of the takeoff sequence – a rapid acceleration that manifests as a ‘kick in the pants’. For all of its looks of speed and power on the ramp, the first application of thrust lets the pilots know that this aeroplane is built for looks and speed. Rotation is upon us quickly and I rotate into the flight director as the Cita-tion X heads for the skies.The feel of the aircraft in the rotation and subsequent climb is heavier than one would expect for an aircraft of this size, but this is a positive quality. Far from being a ‘twitchy’ sports car, it has a very stable feel and it becomes obvious from the very firstturn that the aircraft is particularly smooth in the rolling plane. This must all convert to a smoother ride in the passenger cabin.The controls are very well harmonised and deliver just the rate of roll that a pilot is expecting for the input exerted on the control column. This is facilitated by a com-bination of aileron and staged inboard and outboard spoiler deflection. The mix is just right and provides one of the sweetest roll authorities a pilot could hope for. On initial climb out, the aircraft sped away at a rate in excess of 3000ft/min through some low level turbulence. At 250kt, this was well below the approved maximum penetration speed of 300kt/0.9 Mach. Above 10,000ft and accelerating through smooth air the Citation X was an absolute pleasure to hand fly. Passing 30,000ft and closing in on 0.9 Mach, the Citation maintained 2500ft/min burning 3000lb (1360kg)/hour. Interest-ingly, the initial fuel burn moves the centre of gravity forward before moving aft in the latter stages.With the autopilot now engaged the aircraft completes the climb sequence and levels off at 36,000ft, requiring the thrust levers be set to the cruise detent. Optimum cruise speed is around 0.85 Mach, though today we are now cruising at 0.9 Mach with a resultant true airspeed of 523kt and a fuel flow of 2700lb (1225kg)/per hour. Failure to pull the thrust levers back to cruise thrust would seemingly result in an overspeed without too much trouble. It is at these altitudes that the aircraft’s efficiency shines. At 51,000ft the Citation X can maintain 0.85 Mach and sip a mere 1200lb (545kg) per hour. For all of this impressive performance, the aircraft always gives an impression of being a very stable platform. It is both friendly to pilots and ideal for the eightpassengers who may be seated in the cabin.gOT IT RIgHT The wing is not only highly swept, it is very clean.73DECEMBER 2008AUSTRALIAN AVIATION dANgLINg dUNLOPS The X features dual wheeled main and nose landing gear.geTTINg THeRe Established in the cruise, we have a chance to program the planned arrival into Adelaide. I take the opportunity to appreci-ate the excellent visibility from the cockpit and absorb the array of information on of-fer. Jeff consults his electronic flightbag and programs the STAR for runway 23 at Ad-elaide. The flight management system offers both lateral and vertical navigation with the ability to meet en route constraints. The map display offers a ‘heading up’ orienta-tion that can be presented in a number of formats. The primary flight display presents altitude and speed on tape displays, either side of the electronic attitude indicator. There is a myriad of functions on offer, though the ability to choose the flight director as ‘bars’ or ‘cross-hairs’ is an option that will make any pilot feel at home.At top of descent, as indicated by the VNAV system, we pitch in and thrust is reduced initially to around 70 per cent N1, leading to a changeover into 340kt. The air noise throughout the descent is pleasantly comfortable for such a high speed descent. As we continue the descent, the thrust is manually managed to maintain the desired speed, of which this aircraft seems to have a heap to spare.One of the challenges of flying high speed aircraft is slowing them down. To assist with this the Citation X is fitted with very effective speedbrakes. It does not have a noticeable ‘rumble’ or pitching moment associated with its deployment, nor does it adversely affect the roll quali-ties of the aeroplane. Furthermore, it is still effective below 250kt where a number of speedbrakes become little more then ‘rumble sticks’.For all of its looks of speed and power on the ramp, the first application of thrust lets the pilots know that this aeroplane is built for looks and speed.Approaching the terminal area, the lead-ing edges and up to flap 5 can be deployed up to 250kt. Coupled with the speedbrakes, Cessna has provided a very manageable aeroplane when it comes to leaving the realms of high speed flight and returning to the world of mere mortals.Intercepting the ILS for runway 23 at Adelaide, we continue to manage the land-ing gear and remaining flaps to flap 30 and configure for landing. Approaching with a Vref of 117kt, the speed almost seems too slow for such a thoroughbred. In the slot on approach, the aeroplane maintains the stability and appropriate responsiveness it has demonstrated throughout the flight.Crossing the threshold, the thrust levers are retarded and the body angle rotated to the flaring attitude. Just as touchdown approaches, on earlier advice from Jeff, I relax the back pressure just slightly and the Citation X arrives quite respectably.Speedbrakes and reverse thrust are deployed in that order and we decelerate smoothly as Jeff comes on the brakes with me to prove just how effective the carbon brakes are at bringing the aircraft to a halt. Clear of the runway, we taxi to our parking bay and shutdown the aeroplane with a sequence that is even simpler than STINg IMPReSSIONS There is no doubt that the Citation X has come a long way from the Citation’s first steps decades ago. What Cessna has been able to deliver is an aircraft with unrivalled performance in its class in the high speed envelope through perceptive design. But this aircraft does more than just meet the numbers. It provides tremendous comfort in the cabin and satisfying handling for those called to fly it. In spite of its high speeds, it is not ‘slippery’ to manage. It handles well at both ends of the speed envelope and has adequate systems for the aircraft to transi-tion between the two spectrums without undue workload.The Citation X is the complete package, allowing both crew and passengers to arrive in style, in comfort and in time. n UNMATCHedNo other civil aircraft can operate transcontinental sectors as quickly as the Citation X.。

案例通常由下列⼏个部分组成 ⼀、案例名称（Case Name）；例如：Marbury v. Madison （马伯⾥诉麦迪逊）, v is short for versus.是“诉”的意思。

⼆、判决法院（Court rendering the opinion）；例如：New Jersey Supreme Court （新泽西法院）。

三、卷宗号；案号（Citation）；例如：93 N.J324, 461 A. 2d 138 （1983），这说明该案出⾃《新西汇编》第93卷，第324页，以及《⼤西洋汇编》第⼆辑第138页，该案判决于1983年。

此处，A 是Atlantic Reporter的缩写。

像这种指明两个或两个以上出处的卷宗号叫作：“平⾏卷宗号”，其英语表达为“parallel citation”，意思是“An additional reference to a case that has been reported in more than more reporter.”⼴义上卷宗号包括上述⼀、案例名称；⼆、判决法院。

四、主审法官姓名（Justice wrote the opinion）。

五、判决书（opinion: stating the issue raised, describing the parties and facts, discussing the relevant law, and rendering judgment.）判决书是整个案例的主体部分，其中包括法律争议（Issue）、双⽅当事⼈情况、事实经过、判决采⽤的相关法律以及判决结果。

判决书的阅读过程之中，要注意以下⼏点：1. 时态主审法官的意见⽤现在时态；前审法院的意见⽤过去时态。

2. 主审法官的意见是法院意见。

3除法院意见外还有两种意见，它们被称为“反对意见”（dissenting opinion or dissent）与“配合意见”（concurring opinion）。

preprint citation index 区别检索随着科研领域的不断扩大和信息技术的飞速发展，研究人员在寻找有用信息时面临着越来越多的挑战。

在这个过程中，preprint citation index（预印本引文索引）逐渐成为一种重要的检索工具。

本文将从以下几个方面介绍preprint citation index的区别、优势以及如何进行高效检索。

首先，我们来了解一下preprint citation index的概念和作用。

预印本是指在正式出版物之前，研究人员发布的科研成果。

preprint citation index则是对这些预印本进行引文分析、整理和索引的系统，旨在帮助研究人员更快地找到与自己研究领域相关的论文，并为学术交流提供便利。

接下来，我们来看看preprint citation index与传统引文索引的区别。

1.收录范围：传统引文索引主要收录已经正式出版的论文，而preprint citation index则关注尚未正式出版的预印本。

这使得preprint citation index 在收录范围上具有更强的时效性和前瞻性。

2.收录时间：传统引文索引的收录速度相对较慢，因为需要等待论文正式出版。

而preprint citation index可以实时收录预印本，为研究人员提供最新、最热的科研信息。

3.引用关系：传统引文索引基于正式出版物，其引用关系较为稳定。

而preprint citation index则反映了科研人员在预印本阶段的引用行为，有助于发现潜在的研究热点和有价值的论文。

那么，preprint citation index有哪些优势呢？1.更新速度快：由于preprint citation index实时收录预印本，用户可以第一时间了解到最新的研究成果。

2.反映科研动态：preprint citation index展示了科研人员在预印本阶段的关注点和研究进展，有助于反映当前科研领域的动态。