陕西师范大学2014级硕士研究生英语期末考试题（A）院系____________________________ 姓名___________________座位号____________ 班号______________ 学号___________________注意事项：1.请将答案直接做到机读卡和答题纸上。
2.本试题共13页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
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Non-English Major Graduate Student English TestTest Booklet试卷一Paper OnePart I Part I Listening Comprehension（15minutes, 15points）Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a third voice will ask a question about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.1. A. There aren’t enough supplies of fuel for the coming cold winter.B. No fuel is available.C. The cold weather has increased the demand for food.D. They are inexperienced in dealing with a severe winter.2. A. He loves his present job.. B. He is to open a store.C. He is about to retire.D. He works in a repair shop.3. A. To cancel his trip.B. To go to bed early.C. To catch a later flight.D. To ask for a wake-up call.4. A. Right now.B. In the physics class.C. After the class.D. In the afternoon.5. A. She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B. She prefers a life of continued exploration.C. She will stick to the job if they pay is good.D. She doesn’t think much of job-hopping.6. A. He dislikes food from the snack bar.B. He doesn’t need anything.C. He asks the woman to buy a newspaper for him.D. He will go with the woman and hand in his term paper.7. A. $120.B. $ 180.C. $ 90.D. $ 40.8. A. They should take the train instead.B. They have to drive Shanghai for economic reason.C. They’d better drive faster.D. Their watches are too expensive.9. A. The doctor and the patient.B. The mother and the son.C. The customer and the waiter.D.The teacher and the student.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passage s and the questions will be read to you only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.10. A. Because many young people have moved into comfortable apartments.B. Because many old houses in the bad part of the town are not inhabited.C. Because many older people sell their houses after children leave.D. Because many people have quit their old houses to build new ones.11. A. They have to do their own maintenance.B. They have to furnish their own houses.C. They will find it difficult to make the rest of the payment.D. They will find it difficult to dispose of their old style furniture.12. A. 160,000.B. 320,000.C. 15,000.D. 30,000.13. A. Due to heat-waves.B. Due to scorching summer.C. Due to mosquitoes.D. Due to warmer temperatures, droughts and floods.14. A. They are usually cleverer.B. They get tired easily.C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors.D. They are more skillful in handling equipment.15. A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.B. The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.C. The probability of their getting excited easily.D. Their slowness in responding.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.16. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice toa full range of different theoretical and political positions.A. meticulousB.trustworthyC. intelligentD.diligent17. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of thebaby.A. depictB. advocateC. criticizeD. analyze18. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary lifecould possibly rival.A. confirmB. achieveC. matchD. exaggerate19. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonous20. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win afurther U.N. sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries21. The analysis suggests that the trade off between our children’s college and our own retirement security is chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing22. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort23. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top flight staff, travel, andtelevision commercials.A. potentlyB. sympatheticallyC. generouslyD. unconditionally24. The indignant passengers on the trolley-bus beat the pickpocket black and blue when they caught him.A. impatientB. tolerantC. crudeD. irate25. Except for coarse earthen-wares, which can be made from clay as it is found in the earth, pottery is made fromspecial clays plus other materials mixed to achieve the desired results.A. conventionalB. uniqueC. genuineD. crudeSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted.Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Studies on film consumers had indicated teenage audience as a prime market, with the result that Hollywoodfilmmakers __________ catered to that market, sometimes at the expense of adult fare.A. obedientlyB. operaticallyC. obsessivelyD. outrageously27. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympicssomehow encourages ________patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiable28. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ toexpressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions29. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lustfor power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere30. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________ a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest levelin 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated31. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around theworld.A. geniusB. virusC. diseaseD. bacteria32. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate33. The boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed34. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out35. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analogiesPart III Cloze (10 minutes, 10points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (36)____ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent (37)____ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (38)______,or by whom. But it began to be (39)_____ in the early 1900s. Jazz is America’s contribution to(40)______ music. In contrast to classical music, which (41)______ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, (42)______ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz (43)______like America, and (44)_____ it does today. The (45)______ of this music are as interesting as the music(46)______. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (47)______. They were brought to Southern States (48)______ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (49)______.When a Negro died, his friend and relatives (50)______ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the (51)_______.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. (52)_______ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (53)______, but the living were glad to belive.The band played (54)_______ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (55)______ at the funeral.This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form ofjazz.36. A. By B. At C. In D. On37. A. music B. song C. melody D. style38. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed39. A. noticed B. found C. listened D. heard40. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light41. A. forms B. follows C. approaches D. introduces42. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating43. A. appeared B. felt C. seemed D. sounded44. A. does B. did C. do D. sounds45. A. origins B. originals C. discoveries D. resources46. A. concerned B. itself C. available D. oneself47. A. players B. followers C. fans D. pioneers48. A. for B. as C. with D. by49. A. months B. weeks C. hours D. times50. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed51. A. demonstration B. procession C. body D. march52. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But53. A. number B. members C .body D. relations54. A. sad B. solemn C. happy D. funeral55. A. whistled B. sung C. presented D. showedPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully and then the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between scienceand technology. Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for implementing the finding of science. Another distinction between scienceand technology has to do with the progress in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comprehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discovermay shockor anger people —as did Darwin’s theory of evolution. But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of refusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology: we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying overhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the humanfactor. Technology must be our slave and not the reverse. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.We are all familiar with the abuses of technology. Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution, resource depletion and even social decay in general —so much so that the promise of technology is obscured. That promise is a cleaner and healthier world. If wise application of science and technology do not lead to a better world, what else will?56. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A. the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB. the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps change the material worldC. the former aims to discoverthe inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD. all of the above57. Which of the following may be representative of science?A. The origin of the species.B. The theory of evolution.C. Farming tools.D. Mass production.58. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A. must be strictly objectiveB. usually take into consideration people’s likes and dislikesC. should conform to popular opinionsD. always appear in perfect and finished forms59. The author states that technology itself _____.A. is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB. should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC. will lead to a better world if put to wise useD. will inevitably be for bad purpose60. What is the suitable title for this passage?A. Science and TechnologyB. Difference Between Science and Technology.C. Science —the way to comprehend the universe.D. Technology —Discovering New Designs.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Since its foundation in 1954, the United Nations has written into its major covenants(契约) the need to establish minimum ages for marriage. But the custom of marriage is a highly sensitive cultural issue, mainly because it is so unpleasantly involved with women’s rights and societal traditions and practices, and rules on marriage vary widely between countries. Some countries, particularly in West Africa, still do not have a legal minimum age for marriage.In the West, a 13-year-old is still considered a child. Even getting married in one’s late teens is not usually encouraged because marr ied life is likely to interfere with a young woman’s education and consequently restrict opportunities in later life. And there are also physical dangers in giving birth so young. The World Health Organization has over the past ten years identified early childbirth as a major cause of female mortality in many countries.Under Islamic religious law, the age of consent for sex and marriage is puberty, which Muslims say is in harmony with the biological transition from childhood into adulthood. In Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran and Pakistan, the age of puberty at around 13 or 14 is the legal age for marriage, but in Turkey it is 15, and in Egypt and Tunisia, 18 the same minimum age as in many Western countries. It is argued that by allowing earlier marriages, Islamic law is promoting stable relationships, while Western laws are encouraging promiscuity among young people.In many countries, the trends of urbanization and education for girls have seen a drop in the number of child brides. However, early marriages continue to occur in poor rural areas, where society works very much on personal arrangement between familie s, villages and communities. And it doesn’t only happen in countries which don’t have a legal minimum age. In India, for example, the legal age of marriage for a girl is 18 and to a boy, 21. Yet, according to government statistics, 18 percent of ten to fourteen-year old girls in the poor, rural state of Rajasthan in the northwest of the country are married. There are obvious social and economical advantages for doing this: by marrying off their daughters early, families no longer have to provide for them ; and the younger the bride the smaller the dowry, or wedding price, demanded by the groom’s family.It is clear, then, that child marriages are connected with poverty, lack of education and rural customs such as dowries; there don’t tend to be any child marriages in urban or rich areas. So, unless these real causes are addressed, it will be extremely hard to enforce change, even when change is dictated by a country’s governing body.61. What is the topic of this passage?A.Child brides.B. Early marriages.C. Minimum age for marriage.D. Different attitudes towards early marriages.62. The word ―promiscuity‖(Para. 3) means__________.A. unstable partnershipB. firm partnershipC. diverse relationshipD. single relationship63. __________is likely to marry late.A. Women from less educated backgroundB. Women from rural areasC. Women from Islamic countriesD. Women from cities64. Child marriages are NOT related to __________according to the passage.A. social positionB. rural customsC. personal arrangementsD. religion65. According to the passage, getting married early does all of the following EXCEPT__________.A. reducing a young woman’s educationB. limiting a young woman’s chancesC. causing infant deathD. doing harm to a young woman’s healthB.Passage ThreeQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Tracking down cybercriminals who steal credit card numbers, transfer money from other people’s accounts, or e-mail viruses around the world takes a knowledge of the technology used to commit the crimes. Instead of using fingerprints or following suspects, government agents painstakingly sort out the mess of numbers and symbols and letters that can lead them back through the computer system to the cybercriminals.One such investigation led to the arrest of the man accused of sending the extremely dangerous Melissa virus, a computer virus that destroyed files in computers around the world in the spring of 1999. The agents received help from online service technicians, software experts, and a computer-science student. All helped to trace the complex pathways of the virus back to the telephone line and computer of the man who released it.In another case, agents worked for two years to catch a cybercriminal who was, among other offenses, stealing credit card numbers. Agents found him by tracing a path from a computer he broke into to the mobile telephone he had used, which led to his address—and arrest.The government agents are also working to block cybercriminals who could cut off power and confuse telephone companies. ―Think of the consequences if the power went out for a week—not in just one town or city but down the whole East Coast,‖ says Michael Vatis, an FBI agent. From TVs to hospital equipment, all woul d fail.Makaveli and TooShort were arrested for the charges of breaking into computers. They were given probation, required to perform community service, and prevented from having home computers with modems. Punishment for adults can be more severe and usually includes some jail time.Most people use their computers legally. For the few who don’t, however, cyberpolice and better security systems will make it harder for cybercriminals to get away with their crimes.66. Which of the following can help government agents catch cybercriminals?A. Numbers, symbols and letters.B. Credit card numbers.C. Suspects’ fingerprints.D. The technology used to commit the crimes.67. Why was the Melissa virus extremely dangerous?A. Technicians, experts, and a student were involved.B. Because it destroyed computer files on the world scale.C. Telephone companies were confused.D. The power in the government building was cut off.68. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author warns hackers of getting away from committing cybercrimes.B. The author complains about cybercrimes.C. The author suggests hackers not to commit cybersrimes.D. The author commands that hackers must stop committing cybercrims.69. What does the FBI agent say about the consequence of a computer crime?A. There would beno more television programs to watch.B. A city would be no more thrown into darkness.C. Power would be out down the East Coast for a week.D. Many telephone companies would go bankrupt.70. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of punishing the cybercriminals?A. Being put into prison.B. Sentenced to death.C. Not being allowed to own computers with modems at home.D. Doing something for the company.Passage FourQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark’s I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.71. This selection can best be titled__________.A. Measuring Your IntelligenceB. Intelligence and EnvironmentC. The Case of Peter and MarkD. How the Brain Influences Intelligence72. The best statement of the main idea of this passage is that _______.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a person’s intelligenceD. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence73. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is_______.A. 85 .B. 100C. 110D. 12574. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that_______.A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain75. This passage suggests that an individual’s I. Q. _______.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by his childhoodPassage FiveQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.A lot of animals are afraid during an eclipse1 of the sun. Birds stop singing. Sometimes people too are afraid. Astronomers2 know the dates of eclipses and they are not afraid. The old astronomers of Babylon and Egypt had no telescopes3; but the sky in those countries is usually clear, and so they could watch the stars easily. They studied everything in the sky and they also noticed both total and partial eclipses.Because they knew the dates of eclipses, they had great power. People believed that the sky was important. They believed that an eclipse could kill a man.About 2500 years ago there was a very long war. One battle followed another, and the end never came. During one of the battles, there was a partial eclipse of the sun. The day got very dark, and the soldiers on both sides were filled with fear. They believed that the gods were angry. So they stopped fighting，and ended their long war.The sun is a star. It appears to be bigger than any other star. That is because it is near us; but the other stars are far away. The sun shines because it is very hot，but the moon shines because it reflects the sun's light. It is like a big mirror. If we visited the moon，we should see the earth. It is also like a mirror and it reflects the light of the sun.Does the sun ever get dark during the day? It does so when the moon hides it. Sometimes the moon goes in front of the sun. We can watch its edge when it slowly crosses the sun's disc5. Everything gets darker and darker; then，at last，we cannot see any part of the sun's disc. The moon is hiding it completely. That is a total eclipse of the sun; sometimes only part of the sun's disc is hidden; that is not a total eclipse. It is a partial eclipse of the sun.76. The passage is mainly about________.A. the old astronomersB.eclipse of the sunC. the eclipses in Babylon and EgyptD. the correlation between the sun and the earth77. We can conclude from the passage that_______.A.all people are afraid of eclipse of the sunB.the old astronomers could watch the stars easily with telescopesC.the old astronomers had mo interest in the skyD.the date of eclipse could be forecast78. The war mentioned in the third paragraph ended because________.A.the astronomers used their great power to stop itB.an eclipse killed the soldiers on both sidesC.the war took so long time that the soldiers felt tiredD.a partial eclipse of the sun happened during one of the battles79. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The sun is very hot because it shines.B.The moon can shine because it is a star.C. Other stars appear to be smaller than the sun because they are far away.D. The earth cannot reflect the light of the sun because it isn’t a real mirror.80. It can be concluded that an eclipse of the sun happens because________.A. the moon passes between the sun and the earthB. the sun gets dark during the dayC. the earth’s shadow falls on the moonD. no light from the sun can reach the moonPassage SixQuestions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage.The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the―grand tou r‖, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what's the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that i t leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ―Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites‖ of that ―Latin peoples shout a lot‖. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.。
