山东省济宁市微山县第二中学2019-2020学年高二下学期第一学段教学质量监测化学试题
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2019-2020学年度下学期第一学段教学质量监测高二英语试卷注意:本试卷满分100分,时间90分钟。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman do tomorrow?A. See an eye doctor.B. Go to a bookstore.C. Buy a new cell phone.2. What do we know about the snowman?A. It was six feet tall.B. It had a carrot nose.C. It took the man seven hours to make it.3. What is the woman writing on the form?A. Her address.B. Her birth date.C. Her phone number.4. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a hotel.B. At a bank.C. At a restaurant.5. On what day will the woman visit her mother?A. Monday.B. Tuesday.C. Wednesday.第二节(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
山东省微山县第二中学2019-2020学年高二英语10月教学质量监测试题注意:本试卷共6页,满分100分,时间90分钟第I卷(共60分)第一部分阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWelcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36,M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere—20 minutes,Kendal—25 minutes,Lancaster-45 minutes,Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark—in—Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports。
Opening TimesSunday—Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30th March-2nd November。
Admission ChargesHall & Gardens GardensAdults: £12。
00 £8.00Groups:£9.00£5。
50Special EventsProducers' Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas。
2019-2020学年度第一学期第一学段教学质量监测高二英语试题注意:本试卷共6页,满分100分,时间90分钟第I卷(共60分)第一部分阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWelcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm, 30th March-2nd November. Admission ChargesHall & Gardens GardensAdults: £12.00 £8.00Groups: £9.00 £5.50Special EventsProducers’ Market13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifs while enjoyinga live music show and nice street entertainment.1. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.D.90 minutes.2.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit to Hall & Gardens?A.£9.00.B. £l2.00.C. £8.00.D. £5.50.3.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A. Producers’ Mar ket.B. Winter Market.C. National Garden Day.D. Holker Garden Festival.BThe next time you use telephone and Internet, you can probably thank Charles Kao (高锟), who was one of the Nobel Prize in Physics winners on October 6, 2009. His idea of fiber-optic(光纤) communications has made the modern telephone and Internet possible. People can exchange text, music and photos around the world within seconds thanks to this technology.Half the $1.4 million prize goes to Charles Kao for discovering how to send light signals long distances through hair-thin glass fibers. The other half goes to the Americans Boyle and Smith for inventing a sensor(传感器) that turns light into electrical signals. Their invention led to digital cameras.Kao was born in Shanghai in 1933 and now has both American and British citizenship(公民身份). Kao has been interested in science since he was a boy. He once tried making a bomb at home using chemicals and water; then he threw it in the street. Fortunately, no one was hurt!After primary school and the first year of middle school, Kao moved to Hong Kong with his family. He went to Hong Kong University, but he had to go to London University to study electrical engineering. Later he studied fiber-optic communications.Kao said in 1966 that glass fibers could carry light over long distances. Not many took him seriously at the time. But in 1970, researchers in the US were able to make the material.Today the fibers are used throughout the world in computer cables and other cables. The light that flows through them sends text, music, pictures and video globally in less than a second. If you put together all the fibers in the world, you would get a single thread over 1 billion kilometers long. That is enough to go around the globe more than 25,000 times.4. Why was Charles Kao awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics?A. Because he invented the modern telephone and Internet.B. Because he discovered the way to send light signals through glass fibers.C. Because his idea led to the invention of digital cameras.D. Because he together with Boyle and Smith invented a sensor which changes light into electrical signals.5. The passage mainly tells us _______________ .A. how Charles Kao became a great scientistB. how Charles Kao discovered fiber-optic communicationsC. Charles Kao's contribution and his growthD. Charles Kao together with Boyle and Smith won the Nobel Prize in Physics6. When probably did Charles Kao discover fiber could carry light over long distances?A. In 1970.B. In the mid 1960s.C. Soon after leaving Hong Kong University.D. Before his graduationg from London University.7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Charles Kao left his parents and went to Hong Kong after the first year of middle school.B. Charles Kao is a Chinese-American.C. Charles Kao studied fiber-optic communications in Hong Kong University.D. Only a few people considered Charles Kao's idea very useful at the very beginning.CDid anyone find the names of “Great Britain”, “the United Kingdom”, “England” and “the British commonwealth” which have the same meaning? Strictly speaking, these names all refer to something different. None of them are exactly the same as any of the others.The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map. Great Britain, or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands. But the word “Britain” is often used as a short form for the United Kingdom or you call it the UK.Now as for England, it refers simply to the largest of the three countries on the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom is the name of the state and the official name of the country, which many people popularly refer to England.Finally, the Britain commonwealth is the usual name for what is left of the British Empire. This change shows the weakening of British Empire and the rising of the national liberation movements throughout the world today.8.According to the passage, we know that ______.A. all the names refer to EnglandB. Great Britain has the same meaning as BritainC. all the names in the first paragraph have the same meaningD. the United Kingdom has the same meaning as Britain or England9. It is clear that the British isles refer to ______.A. Britain, England and the UK.B. Great Britain or the United KingdomC. three countries and several islandsD. the two main islands and thousands of small ones10. Which of the following shows the right relationship between the British isles(BI), Britain(B) and England(E)?A. B>BI>EB. BI>E>BC. BI>B>ED. E>B>BI11. If you want to write to someone in Edinburgh that lies in Scotland, you should write the address as ______.A. Edinburgh, Great BritainB. Edinburgh, EnglandC. Scotland, Edinburgh, EnglandD. Great Britain, Scotland, EdinburghDBlogs are the places where young people go to bare their souls,to vent (发泄),even to gossip. Many people enjoy the freedom in blogging.Some,however,find that putting one’s life online can have a price.Some students in America got suspensions (暂时停学) because on their blogs they posted threatening words to their teachers.Recent surveys found that nearly a fifth of teens who have access to the Web have their own blogs.And 38% of teens say they read other people’s blogs.B y comparison,about a tenth of adults have their own blogs and a quarter say they read other people’s online journals.With the development of the Internet,more and more people will be engaged in blogging.In another survey,79% of teens agreed that people a t their age aren’t careful enough when giving out information about themselves on line.Besides,careless blogging can also affect blog viewers.When you are angry or frustrated,your blog is the first place you turn to.The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later.To minimize the negative effect,change the permission setting and make such posts “private” so that only you can read them.As long as you are careful of what you post,blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friend s and displaying one’s creative works.12.Blogs are the places where people go online________.A.to have a chat B.to express themselves freelyC.to enjoy freedom of speech D.to sell things they no longer use13.The fact that some American students got suspensions is used to show that________. A.people shouldn’t put their life onlineB.people should be careful with what they writeC.American students are limited in bloggingD.anyone can read your blog14. The underline word “rational” in the fifth paragraph probably means ________.A. strangeB. perfectC. reasonableD. helpful15.The passage is mainly about________.A.how to register for a blog onlineB.the number of people who have blogsC.advantages and disadvantages of blogsD.the author’s suggestion about blogging第二部分语言知识运用第一节完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,共30分)Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist?A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 16 of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept ideas which are not 17 on obvious facts, and therefore 18 to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 19 and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 20 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 21 that we should learn science 22 observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 23 many important truths.Galileo(1564-1642),however,who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men in Italy,France,Germany,and England, 24 began to show how many important 25 could be discovered by observation by degrees.Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 26 towards the earth than small ones, 27 Aristotle said so.But Galileo,going to the 28 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let fall two 29 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo's 30 of going direct to nature,and proving our 31 and theories by experiment,that has 32 all the discoveries of modern science.What 33 those people good scientists?From the example of Galileo,we know 34 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 35 better results.16.A. sense B.use C.speed D.trust17.A. relied B.insisted C.based D.centered18.A. refuses B.desires C.intends D.regrets19.A. casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately20.A. come B.keep C.look D.date 21.A. command B.suspect C.Conclude D.suggest 22.A. in B.with C.by D.on 23.A. discovered B.brought C.handled D.announced 24.A. when B.who C.that D.where 25.A. subjects B.problems C.investigations D.truths 26.A. rapidly B.slowly C.lightly D.heavily 27.A. although B.When C.because D.if 28.A. place B.foot C.top D.ceiling 29.A. unequal B.small C.similar D.big 30.A. wish B.skill C.theory D.spirit 31.A. plans B.ability C.world D.opinions 32.A. turned to B.led to C.set up D.put forward 33.A. considers B.prevents C.makes D.promises 34.A. likely B.clearly C.naturally D.unwillingly 35.A. produced B.rejected C.foreseen D.Challenged第II卷(共40分)第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,根据上下文填入适当的词语,或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空。
山东省微山县第二中学2020学年高二数学10月教课质量监测试题考试时间:90分钟;满分:100分注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷(选择题)一、单项选择题(此题合计10道小题,每题5分,满分50分)1.(5分)已知等差数列a n的公差为2,若a1,a3,a4成等比数列,则a2()A.4B.6C.8D.102.(5分)等差数列的公差为d,前n项和为,若,则当获得最大值时,n=()A.4B.5C.6D.73.(5分)数列1,-3,5,-7,9,的一个通项公式为()A.a n2n1B.a n(1)n(2n1).(1)n(12)D.a n n1)C a n n(1)(2n4.(5分)已知数列知足,,则的值为()C. D.5.(5分)在等差数列中,,,则数列的前5项和为().(5分)等差数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且a1a44,a2a58,则S2019=()62019A.2020B.2020C.2020D.20207.(5分)若是等差数列,公差,成等比数列,则公比为A.1 B .2 C .3 D .48.(5分)在等比数列{n}中,234=8,7=8,则1=() a aaa a aB.±1 D.±29.(5分)已知正项等比数列a n的前n项和为S n,若a24,a61(),则S64A.6363C.63D.63 4B.48410.(5分)假如数列a n的前n项和为S n 3a n3,则这个数列的通项公式是() 2A.a n2n2n1B.a n23n C.a n32n D.a n3n1第II 卷(非选择题)二、填空题(此题合计4道小题,每题5分,满分20)11.(5分)在数列a n中,a12,an1an3则数列an的通项公式为________________.12.(5分)已知数列a n的前n项和S n n2,则a4_______.13.(5分)等差数列a n,bn的前n项和分别是S n,T n,若S n3n1a11_______. T n2n,则b1114.(5分)在等比数列a n中,a3a78,a4a66,则a2a8_____.三、解答题(此题合计30分,每题10,满分30分)15.(10分)已知递加等比数列{a n}知足:a12,a416.(1)求数列{a n}的通项公式;(2)若数列{b n}为等差数列,且知足b2a21,b35a3,求数列{b n}的通项公式及前108项的和;16.(10分)已知数列a n知足a13,a n13a n1nN.21(1)若数列b n知足b n a n,求证:b n是等比数列;2c n知足c n log3a n,T n c1c2L nn1(2)若数列cn,求证:T n.217.(10分)设数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,S n 1 a n(n N*).(1)求数列{a n}的通项公式;(2)设b n log2a n,求数列{1}的前n项和Tn. bnbn1高二数学参照答案1.B【详解】由于成等比数列,因此有,又由于是公差为 2的等差数列,因此有,故此题选 B.2.C【详解】依据题意,等差数列中,,则,又由为等差数列,则,又由,则,则当时,获得最大值;应选:C.3.C【详解】由符号来看,奇数项为正,偶数项为负,因此符号知足,由数值1,3,5,7,9明显知足奇数,因此知足2n-1,因此通项公式为,选C.4.D【详解】由题得,因此数列的周期为 4,因此.应选:D5.D【详解】数列的前5项和为.应选:D6.B【详解】设等差数列公差为则:,解得:此题正确选项:7.C解:∵a2,a3,a6成等比数列,a32=a2a6,即(a1+2d)2=(a1+d)(a1+5d),整理得d2+2a1d=0 d=-2a1,∴===3故答案为3.8.A解:∵数列{an}是等比数列∴∴3=2,7=34=24=8∴2=2,应选A.a aaqq q9.B【详解】设等比数列的公比为,为正项数列此题正确选项:10.B【详解】数列的前,项和为取解得是首项为6公比为3的等比数列,考证,建立故答案选B二、填空题11.;【详解】由于,因此数列是公差为3的等差数列,因此.因此数列的通项公式为.故答案为:12.7【详解】由题得.故答案为:7 13.【详解】∵,∴,∴.故答案为.14.9【详解】由于,,因此,或,.先考虑,可得因此同理,时也可得,故正确答案为9.三、解答题15.解(1)设等比数列的公比为,由已知,,因此,即数列的通项公式为;(2)由(1)知,因此,,设等差数列的公差为,则,,设数列前10项的和为,则,因此数列的通项公式,数列前10项的和.16.解:(1) 由题可知,进而有,,因此是以1为首项,3为公比的等比数列.(2) 由(1)知,进而,,有,因此. 17.解(1)由于,因此(,且),则(,且).即(,且).由于,因此,即.因此是以为首项,为公比的等比数列 .故. (2),因此.因此,故.。
2019-2020学年第一学期第一学段教学质量监测高二生物试题注意:本试卷共8页,满分100分,时间90分钟第一卷(共60分)一、选择题(每题2分,共60分)1.在人体内环境中可以发生的生化反应是()A.组织液中某些蛋白质的合成B.麦芽糖的水解C.碳酸氢盐的形成D.丙酮酸的氧化分解2.有关人体细胞外液的叙述中错误的是()A.人体内细胞外液构成了人体内环境B.人体的细胞外液主要包括组织液、血浆和淋巴C.人体的所有液体统称为细胞外液D.人体内细胞通过细胞外液和外界环境交换物质3.下列各组化合物中全是内环境成分的是()A.+Na+、葡萄糖、氨基酸B.H2O2酶、抗体、激素、H2OC.纤维蛋白原、Ca2+、载体D.O2、CO2、血红蛋白、H4.由于轻微创伤使小腿某处皮下青紫并且局部水肿,对这一现象的合理解释是()A.毛细血管破裂、部分血液外流,使局部组织液渗透压增高,组织液增多B.毛细血管破裂,使淋巴液外渗,使局部组织液回渗到血管C.毛细血管收缩,血流量减少,使局部组织液减少D.毛细血管扩张,血流量增加,使局部组织液增多5.右图是人体局部内环境的示意图。
以下叙述不正确的是()A.甲、乙、丙液构成了人体的内环境B.某人长期摄入蛋白质过少,会引起丙液减少C.人发生过敏反应,1结构的通透性会升高D.3中的有氧呼吸产物可参与体液调节6.在日常生活中,很多因素会引起内环境发生变化,下列相关叙述中错误的是()A.剧烈运动中,内环境的pH有下降趋势B.食物中长期缺少蛋白质会导致血浆蛋白下降进而引起组织水肿C.佝偻病与内环境的稳态失衡有一定的关系D.中暑是神经调节紊乱造成的,与体液调节无关7.人剧烈运动后,释放大量乳酸,但pH变化不大,主要原因是()A.乳酸在血浆中很快被分解生成CO2和H2O,并排出CO2B.H2CO3抑制乳酸的酸性,并通过呼吸系统排出CO2C.NaHCO3与乳酸反应,调节pHD.乳酸酸性弱,不易引起酸中毒8.除哪项外,均为内环境概念的要素()A.细胞液B.主要组成血浆、组织液和淋巴C.细胞外液D.体内细胞赖以生存的液体环境9.地震发生时,灾民们面对的困难不仅仅是恶劣的自然环境,还有食物缺乏和各种疾病。
山东省济宁市微山县第二中学2019-2020学年高二化学下学期第一学段教学质量监测试题(含解析)1.化学与社会、生产、生活密切相关。
下列说法不正确的是A. 地沟油可用来生产肥皂、甘油,达到废物利用的目的B. 锅炉水垢中含有的CaSO4,可先用Na2CO3溶液处理,后用酸除去C. 《泉州府志》:元时南安有黄长者为宅煮糖,宅垣忽坏,去土而糖白,后人遂效之。
泥土具有吸附作用,能将红糖变白D. “梨花淡自柳深青,柳絮飞时花满城”中柳絮的主要成分和棉花不同【答案】D【解析】分析:地沟油的主要成分是油脂;CaSO4用Na2CO3溶液处理后可转化为CaCO3;泥土具有吸附作用;柳絮的主要成分和棉花相同,都是纤维素。
详解:A. 地沟油的主要成分是油脂,油脂可发生皂化反应,该反应可用于工业上生产肥皂、甘油,达到废物利用的目的,A正确;B. CaSO4不溶于酸,CaSO4用Na2CO3溶液处理后可转化为CaCO3,CaCO3可溶于酸,B正确;C.泥土颗粒表面积较大,因而具有吸附作用,能吸附红糖中的色素使其变白,C正确;D.柳絮的主要成分是纤维素,和棉花相同,D不正确。
综上所述,说法不正确的是D。
本题选D。
2.属于吸热反应的是()A. 铝跟盐酸反应B. Ba(OH)2•8H2O与NH4Cl反应C. 盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液反应D. 酒精的燃烧【答案】B【解析】【分析】常见的放热反应有:所有的物质燃烧、所有金属与酸或水置换出氢气的反应、所有中和反应、绝大多数化合反应和铝热反应;常见的吸热反应有:绝大数分解反应,个别的化合反应(如C和CO2),少数分解置换以及某些复分解(如铵盐和强碱)。
【详解】A.铝跟盐酸反应是金属与酸反应,是常见放热反应,故A错误;B.Ba(OH)2•8H2O与NH4Cl反应是铵盐和强碱反应,是常见的吸热反应,故B正确;C.盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液反应是中和反应,是常见的放热反应,故C错误;D.酒精的燃烧是燃烧反应,是常见的放热反应,故D错误;故选B。
山东省济宁市微山县第二中学2019-2020学年高二下学期第一学段教学质量监测化学试题学校_________ 班级__________ 姓名__________ 学号__________一、单选题1. 化学与社会、生产、生活密切相关。
下列说法不正确的是A.地沟油可用来生产肥皂、甘油,达到废物利用的目的B.锅炉水垢中含有的CaSO4,可先用Na2CO3溶液处理,后用酸除去C.《泉州府志》:元时南安有黄长者为宅煮糖,宅垣忽坏,去土而糖白,后人遂效之。
泥土具有吸附作用,能将红糖变白D.“梨花淡自柳深青,柳絮飞时花满城”中柳絮的主要成分和棉花不同2. 属于吸热反应的是()A.铝跟盐酸反应B.Ba(OH)2?8H2O与NH4Cl反应C.盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液反应D.酒精的燃烧3. 已知c(NH4Cl)<0.1 mol/L时溶液pH>5.1,现在用0.1 mol/LHCl滴定10 mL 0.05 mol/L的氨水,用甲基橙作指示剂,达到终点时所用HCl的量应是( )A.10 mL B.5 mL C.小于5 mL D.大于5 mL4. 为了说明影响化学反应快慢的因素,甲、乙、丙、丁四位同学分别设计了如下四个实验,你认为结论不正确的是。
( )A.将铜片放入稀硫酸中,无现象。
若再向所得溶液中加入硝酸银溶液,一段时间后,由于形成原电池,可看到有氢气生成B.将除去氧化膜的相同大小、相同质量的镁条和铝条与相同浓度盐酸反应,前者速率大于后者C.两支试管中分别加入根同质量的氯酸钾,其中一支试管中再加入少量二氧化锰,同时加热,产生氧气的快慢不同D.相同条件下等质量的块状和粉末状大理石与相同浓度盐酸反应时,粉末状的反应速率快5. 下列说法正确的是A.在Ba(OH)2溶液中,c(Ba2+)=2c(OH-)B.蔗糖、淀粉、油脂及其水解产物均为非电解质C.煤的气化和液化均属于化学变化D.强电解质和弱电解质的划分依据是电解质水溶液的导电能力强弱6. 金属M和N可构成如图所示的装置.下列分析正确的是A.金属活泼性N>MB.M逐渐溶解C.负极反应为2H++2e-=H2↑D.SO42-向M极定向移动7. 由水电离产生的c(H+)为1×10-12mol/L的溶液中,能大量共存的离子组是A.K+、Cl-、NH4+、HS-B.K+、Fe3+、I-、SO42-C.Na+、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-D.Na+、Ca2+、Cl-、HCO3-8. Mg(OH)2在下列四种情况下,其溶解度最大的是A.在纯水中B.在0.1 mol·L-1的NH3·H2O溶液中C.在0.1 mol·L-1的CH3COOH溶液中D.在0.1 mol·L-1的MgCl2溶液中9. 一定条件下,在一恒容密闭容器中,下列能表示反应:X(g)+2Y(g)2Z(g)一定达到化学平衡状态的是①X、Y、Z的物质的量之比为1:2:2;②Y的消耗速率与Z的消耗速率相等;③容器中的压强不再发生变化;④单位时间内生成n mol Z的同时消耗nmol Y A.①②B.①④C.③④D.②③10. 关于如图所示转化关系(X代表卤素),下列说法正确的是()A.B.C.的非金属性依次减弱,所以途径II吸收的热量依次增多D.生成相同物质的量放出的热量比生成的多,说明比稳定11. 镁——H2O2酸性电池采用海水作电解质(加入一定量酸),下列说法正确的是()A.电池总反应为Mg+H2O2+2H+=Mg2++ 2H2OB.负极反应为H2O2+2e-+ 2H+= 2H2OC.电池工作时,正极周围海水的pH减小D.电池工作时,溶液中的H+向负极移动12. 有关AgCl沉淀的溶解平衡的说法正确的是( ) A.用稀盐酸洗涤AgCl沉淀比用水洗涤损耗AgCl少B.除去溶液中的Mg2+,用OH-沉淀Mg2+比用CO32-效果好,说明Mg(OH)2的溶解度比MgCO3大C.升高温度,AgCl的溶解度增大,Ksp不变D.向AgCl饱和溶液中加入NaCl固体,AgCl的溶解度和Ksp都不变二、多选题13. 25 ℃时,水的电离达到平衡:H2O H++OH-ΔH>0,下列叙述正确的是( )A.向水中加入稀氨水,平衡逆向移动,c(OH-)降低B.向水中加入少量固体硫酸氢钠,c(H+)增大,KW不变C.向水中加入少量固体Na,平衡逆向移动,c(H+)降低,KW不变D.将水加热,KW增大,pH不变14. 将0.2mol/L的醋酸钠溶液10mL与0.1mol/L盐酸10mL混合后,溶液显酸性,则溶液中有关微粒的浓度关系正确的是A.c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(CH3COO-)+c(Cl-)+c(OH-)B.c(CH3COOH)>c(Cl-)>c(Ac-)>c(H+)C.c(CH3COO-)>c(Cl-)>c(CH3COOH)>c(H+)D.c(CH3COO-)=c(Cl-)=c(CH3COOH)>c(H+)15. 下列关于电解质溶液的叙述正确的是A.常温下,pH=7的NH4Cl与氨水的混合溶液中离子浓度大小顺序为、c(Cl-)>c(NH4+)>c(H+)>c(OH-)B.10mL0.1mol/LNH4Cl溶液5mL0.2mol/L NaOH溶液混合:c(Na+)=c(Cl-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)C.相同温度和浓度的钾盐溶液中,酸式盐的pH一定小于正盐的pHD.常温下,同浓度的Na2S与NaHS溶液相比,Na2S溶液的pH大三、有机推断题16. 短周期元素A、B、C、D,A元素的原子最外层电子数是内层电子数的两倍,B为地壳中含量最多的元素,C是原子半径最大的短周期主族元素,C与D 形成的离子化合物CD是常用的调味品。
填写下列空白:(1)AB2的结构式_______________;C元素在周期表中的位置是_____________(2)B、C组成的一种化合物与水发生化合反应的化学方程式为:____________________(3)如图所示,电解质a溶液为含有CD的饱和溶液。
X为石墨电极,Y为铁电极,接通直流电源。
X电极的电极反应式为________________________。
Y电极的电极反应式为________________________。
(4)常温下,相同体积的0.2mol·L—1CD溶液与0.1mol·L—1 C2AB3溶液中,总离子数目较多的是______________溶液(填化学式)。
四、工业流程题17. 某大型化工厂产生的酸性废液中含有两种金属离子:Fe3+、Cu2+,化学小组设计了如下图所示的方案对废液进行处理,以回收金属,保护环境。
(1)操作①的名称是________________,沉淀A中含有的金属单质有________________。
(2)溶液A中加入H2O2溶液,其作用是______________________,操作②为持续加热保温,在此过程中温度不宜过高的原因是________________________________。
(3)检验溶液B中含有的金属阳离子的实验方法为:取少量溶液B于洁净的小试管中,加入______试剂,溶液迅速转变为________色,即可检验。
(4)操作③中发生反应的离子方程式为_________________________________________。
18. 工业上利用粗ZnO(含FeO、CuO)制取金属锌的流程如下(部分步骤省略):待沉淀的离子Fe2+Fe3+Zn2+Cu2+开始沉淀时pH 6.3 1.5 6.2 5.2沉淀完全时pH 9.7 3.2 8.0 6.4请回答下列问题:(1)酸浸粗氧化锌的过程中,常将粗氧化锌粉碎成细颗粒,适当增加硫酸的浓度,目的是_________。
(2)步骤A的目的是将Fe2+氧化为Fe3+,并全部形成Fe(OH)3沉淀,为了暂不形成Cu(OH)2、 Zn(OH)2,该步骤需控制溶液pH的范围是____________,该步骤中先加入H2O2充分反应后再加入氨水,写出加入H2O2的离子方程式_____________。
(3)步骤C的反应离子方程式为____________。
(4)若步骤A中加入H2O2后,室温下将溶液的pH调为4,求Fe3+ 离子浓度为_________。
(已知Ksp[Fe(OH)3]= 4.0×10-3 8)五、原理综合题19. 如何降低大气中CO2的含量及有效地开发利用CO2引起了全世界的普遍重视。
目前工业上有一种方法是用CO2来生产燃料甲醇。
为探究该反应原理,进行如下实验:在容积为1L的密闭容器中,充入1mol CO2和3mol H2,在500℃下发生发应,CO2(g)+3H2(g)CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)。
实验测得CO2和CH3OH(g)的物质的量(n)随时间变化如图所示:(1)从反应开始到平衡,氢气的平均反应速率v(H2)=________________。
下图是改变温度时化学反应速率随时间变化的示意图,则该反应的正反应为____________反应(填“放热”或“吸热”)。
(2)500℃该反应的平衡常数为______(保留两位小数),若提高温度到800℃进行,达平衡时,K值______(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)。
(3)500℃条件下,测得某时刻,CO2(g)、H2(g)、CH3OH(g)和H2O(g)的浓度均为0.5mol/L,则此时v(正)______v(逆)(填“>”、“<”或“=”)。
(4)下列措施能使增大的是______。
A.升高温度B.在原容器中充入1molHe C.将水蒸气从体系中分离出D.缩小容器容积,增大压强六、实验题20. 如图所示,把试管放入盛有25 ℃饱和澄清石灰水的烧杯中,试管中开始放入几小块镁片,再用滴管滴入10 mL盐酸于试管中,试回答下列问题:(1)实验中观察到的现象是________________________________ 。
(2)产生上述现象的原因是____________________________。
(3)写出有关反应的离子方程式:_________________________________;反应中转移了0. 04mol电子时;标准状况下产生多少________mL的H2。
(4)由实验推知,镁片溶液和盐酸的总能量________(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”) MgCl2和H2的总能量;此反应为________ (填放热反应或者吸热反应)。