旅游英语

旅游相关英语单词旅游是人们在生活中常常会参与的活动，而在旅游过程中，我们会用到许多和旅游相关的英语单词。

下面是一些在旅游中常见的英语单词以及它们的解释：种类1.Hotel：酒店。

人们在旅游时会选择入住不同类型的酒店，比如豪华酒店（luxury hotel）、连锁酒店（chain hotel）、青年旅舍（hostel）等。

2.Sightseeing：观光。

旅游者在一个新的地方会参观各种景点，体验当地文化和风光。

3.Tour guide：导游。

领队团队游览和向游客解释景点的人。

4.Attractions：景点。

吸引旅游者的地方，比如博物馆（museum）、古迹（historic site）等。

5.Souvenir：纪念品。

游客在旅行结束后带回家的物品，作为对旅程的回忆。

行程1.Itinerary：行程表。

包括旅行计划中每天的安排和活动。

2.Departure：出发。

旅程开始的时刻。

3.Arrival：到达。

旅程结束或者到达某个目的地的时刻。

4.Destination：目的地。

旅行的终点。

yover：中转。

在长途飞行或者旅行中短暂停留的时间。

交通1.Flight：飞行。

通常指的是乘坐飞机。

2.Train station：火车站。

乘坐火车的地方。

3.Bus stop：公交车站。

乘坐公共汽车的地方。

4.Car rental：租车。

在旅行中租用汽车的服务。

5.Taxi：出租车。

一种乘坐即行支付的交通工具。

食物1.Restaurant：餐厅。

供应食物和饮料的场所。

2.Local cuisine：当地菜。

体验当地风味的食物。

3.Street food：街边小吃。

在街上出售的便宜且美味的食物。

4.Buffet：自助餐。

顾客可以自由选择搭配吃的餐厅。

5.Room service：客房服务。

酒店房间里供应的食物和饮料服务。

衣物和装备1.Suitcase：拉杆箱。

存放行李和物品的大型箱子。

2.Passport：护照。

国际旅行必备的身份证件。

旅行英语名词travel、journey、tour、trip、excursion、expedition、voyage 这组名词含有“旅行”的意思。

travel 泛指旅行，指任何方式的旅行，多指到远方作长时间的旅行，只强调旅行的行为，而不强调某次具体的旅行。

可用单数或复数形式。

可用作动词或名词。

例句：She had a brief stay in Paris during her recent travel.她最近旅行期间，曾在巴黎作短暂停留。

On her doctor’s advise, she went on travels abroad.听从医生的忠告，她到国外旅游去了。

Foreign travel never really appealed to him until he retired.他在退休之前并不真的喜欢出国旅行。

Nowadays，more and more young people are fond oftravel in their spare time.现在,越来越多的年轻人喜欢在他们的业余时间去旅行。

The travels of Marco Polo is one of the mostinteresting books that I have ever read.马可波罗的游记是我生平读过的最有意思的一本书。

Many businesses have found that such holiday travel incentives are very successful.许多企业发现这样的假日旅行奖励是非常成功的。

——————Joe recently traveled to Australia on business. （用作动词）乔最近到澳大利亚出差。

He wished to travel all around the world so that he could study the customs ofdifferent countries.他希望去旅游以研究不同国家的民俗风情。

Unit1 What is Tourism?When we think of tourism; we think primarily of people who are visiting a particular place for sightseeing, visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation, and having a good time. They may spend their leisure time engaging in various sports, sunbathing, talking, singing, taking rides, touring, reading, or simply enjoying the environment. If we consider the subject further, we may include in our definition of tourism people who are participating in a convention, a business conference, or some other kind of business or professional activity, as well as those who are taking a study tour under an expert guide or doing some kind of scientific research or study.These visitors use all forms of transportation, from hiking in a wilderness park to flying in a jet to an exciting city. Transportation can include taking a chairlift up a Colorado mountainside or standing at the rail of a cruise ship looking across the blue Caribbean. Whether people travel by one of these means or by car, motorcoach, camper, train, taxi, motorbike, or bicycle, they are taking a trip and thus are engaging in tourism.Any attempt to define tourism and to describe its scope fully must consider the various groups that participate in and are affected by this industry. Their perspectives are vital to the development of a comprehensive definition. Four different perspectives of tourism can be identified:1. The tourist. The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experiences and satisfactions. The nature of these will largely determine the destinations chosen and the activities enjoyed.2. The businesses providing tourist goods and services. Business people see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by supplying the goods and services that the tourist market demands.3. The government of the host community or area. Politicians view tourism asa wealth factor in the economy of their jurisdictions. Their perspective is related to the incomes their citizens can earn from this business. Politicians also consider the foreign exchange receipts from international tourism as well as the tax receipts collected from tourist expenditures, either directly or indirectly.4. The host community. Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and employment factor. Of importance to their group, for example, is the effect of the interaction between large numbers of international visitors and residents. This effect ma be beneficial of harmful, or both.Thus, tourism may be defined as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments, and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting these tourists and other visitors.Tourism is a composite of activities, services, and industries that delivers a travel experience: transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, shops, entertainment, activity facilities, and other hospitality services available for individuals or groups that are traveling away from home. It encompasses all providers of visitor and visitor-related services. Tourism is theentire world industry of travel, hotels, transportation, and all other components, including promotion, that serves the needs and wants of travelers. Finally, tourism is the sum total of tourist expenditures within the borders of a nation or a political subdivision or a transportation-centered economic area of contiguous states or nations. This economic concept also considers the income multiplier of these tourist expenditures.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted. Each of the many definitions that have arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem, and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline. Development of a field depends on (1) uniform definitions, (2) description, (3)analysis, (4) predictions, and (5) control.Modern tourism is a discipline that has only recently attracted the attention of scholars from many fields. The majority of studies have been conducted for special purposes and have used narrow operational definitions to suit particular needs of researchers or government officials; these studies have got encompassed a systems approach. Consequently, many definitions of “tourism” and “the tourist” are based on distance traveled, the length of time spent, and the purpose of the trip. This makes it difficult to gather statistical information that scholars can use to develop a database, describe the tourism phenomenon, and do analyes. The problem is not trivial. It has been tackled by a number of august bodies over the years, including the League of Nations, the united Nations, the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),the National Tourism Resources Review Commission, and the U.S. Senate’s National Tourism Policy Study.World Tourism OrganizationThe international Conference of Travel and Tourism Statistics convened by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) in Ottawa, Canada, in 1991 reviewed, updated, and expanded on the work of earlier international groups. The ottawa Conference made some fundamental recommendations of definitions of tourism, travelers and tourists. The United Nations Statistical Commission adopted WTO’ recommendations on tourism statistics on March 4, 1993.TourismWTO has taken the concept of tourism beyond a stereotypical image of “holiday-making.”The officially accepted definition is:Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelin to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.”The term usual envi-ronment is intended to exclude trips within the area of usual residence and frequent and regular trips between the domicile and the workplace and other community trips of a routine character.1. International tourism:a. Inbound tourism: visits to a country by nonresidents.b. Out bound tourism: visits by residents of a country to another country.2. Internal tourism: visits by residents of a country to their own country.3. Domestic tourism: internal tourism plus inbound tourism (the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country).4.National tourism: Internal tourism plus outbound tourism (the resident tourism market for travel agents and airlines).Traveler Terminology for International TourismUnderlying the foregoing conceptualization of tourism is the overall concept of traveler, defined as “any person on a trip between two or more countries or between twoor more localities within his/her country of usual residence.” All types of travelers engaged in tourism are described as visitors, a term that constitutes the basicconcept of the entire system of tourism statistics. Visitors are persons who travel to a country other than the one in which they generally reside for a period not exceeding 12 months, whose main purpose is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Visitors are subdivided into two categories:1. Same-day visitors: visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited: for example, a cruise ship passenger spending four hours in a port.2. Tourists: Visitors who stay in the country visited for at least one night: for example, a visitor on a two-week vacation.There are many purposes for a visit, notably pleasure, business, and other purposes, such as family reasons, health, and transit.Wordschairlift an apparatus which carries people up and sown steepslopes in chairs that hang from a moving wire 升降椅；空中缆椅camper a motor vehicle big enough to live in when on holiday,use. Having cooking equipment and beds in the backpart 野营车motorbike a motorcycle 摩托车psychic of the mind as opposed to the body精神上的jurisdiction the right to use the power of an official body,esp. in order to make decisions on questions of law管辖权；司法权，审判权composite something made up of different parts or materials混合物，合成物encompass to include or be concerned with (a wide range ofactivities, subjects, ideas) 包含，包括；涉及subdivision the act of dividing something that has already beendivided, or the parts that result from doing this 再分，细分contiguous (to, with) touching, next (to); having a sharedborde（正式）接触着的，接近的；接壤的multidimensional 多维的hamper to cause difficulty in movement or activity 阻碍，妨碍；牵制trivial of little worth or importance 琐碎的，没有价值的august lit noble and grand 威严的；高贵的convene to call (a group of people, committee) to meet 召集（会议）；召集开会stereotypical as in an overly simple picture or opinion of person,group, or thing老套的，旧框框的consecutive following in regular unbroken order 连续的，连贯的domicile formal or law a person’s home; the place where aperson lives or is considered to live for officialpurposes[法]户籍，正式居住地，信处workplace the room r building in which workers perform theirwork工作场所；工厂；车间inbound AmE incoming; inward bound 进来的outbound mowing sway from the speaker or the starting point外出的，离开出发点underlie to be a hidden meaning or cause of 位于……之下；成为……基础foregoing (the one) that has been mentioned 前面的（事物），刚提到的（事物）conceptualization something that form a concept or concepts of概念化remunerate to reward; pay (someone) for work or trouble（正式）给……报酬；补偿transit the going or moving of people or goods from one placeto another通行；过境Additional ReadingText A Mass TourismThe Historical SettingTourism harks back to the conquest of Alexander the Great (356-323BC) and the subsequent development of the Hellenistic urban system. It is argued that tourism requires both large claustrophobic cities and the means to escape from them, both of which were present in Greece during this period.Within modern times, the notion of tourism is closely linked to the idea of the “Grand Tour”, which spanned the 16th to 19th Centuries. The Grand Tour is a “tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but not exclusively, for education and pleasure”. This later era of grand tourism was typified by long,expensive, “classical” and “romantic” visits, mainly by the British aristocracy, to France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and the Low Countries. Over time, and with the rise of the middle professional class, the Grand Tour was patronized by a wider segment of the population. Nonetheless, only 3%~4% of the Population represented the nucleus from which Grand Tourists might have be drawn. The golden age of the Grand Tour was the 18th Century, particularly the 30 years before the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789. By the 1830s, the length of the Grand Tour fell from an average of 40 months in the mid-16th Century to an average of only 4 months.The growth of tourism to “mass” proportions as it is known today, has its foundation in several timely innovations: technologically in the field of transportation; and in the existence of a critical facilitating force, entrepreneurship-in the person of Thomas Cook.In 1815, 1 year after the Battle of Waterloo ended the Napoleonic wars, the first channel crossing by steamer was made (the site of the battle itself becoming a major tourist attraction). By 1812, a regular service was operated between the ports of Dover and Calais. In 1828 the first railways were laid in France and Austria, and in 1844 the railway reached Switzerland. “This revolution in Transport technology and the low cost, speed and efficiency that it provided, led to an immediate expansion of European tourism.”Complementing transportation technology was the existence of entrepreneurial talent, “initiative” and “organizing genius” in the person of Thomas Cook. “His originality lay in his methods, his almost infinite capacity for taking trouble, his acute sense of the needs of his clients, his power of invention and his bold imagination” (Young, 1973). It has been written that “the father of modern tourism was unquestionable Thomas Cook”(English, 1986). “Cook was the perfect entrepreneur, a brilliant opportunist, quick to sense the need of his clientele…” (Turner and Ash, 1975). He was a true Schumpeterian entrepreneur-“a leader, a disturber of the peace”, who had the initiative, authority, foresight, and intuition and psyche to carry out innovations.Thomas Cook organized travel on a scale that had never been seen before. He heralded an era of organized, large-scale, relatively cheap tourism spread across national, regional and international destinations. If Europe had the “hot spots”for the Grand Tourists, the opening of the Far East, India and America, were the hallmarks of the Cook era. Until the early 1860s, Britain remained the main field of Cook’s activities; in 1862 he moved into Europe; he moved into America in 1866; took his first round-the-world trip in 1872; reached India and the Far East by the 1880s; and the first Cook hotel was established at Luxor (Egypt) in 1877.In 1862, the first true package tours were provided by Cook-all the details of transport and accommodation were pre-arranged for tourists who were, generally, of modest means. Spurred on by his example and the profits made by this entrepreneur, many imitators entered the fray. Turner and Ash write, for example, that ‘it was not long before his example was imitated; in 1863, the Stangen Travel Agency was established in Breslau. Stangen soon moved his center of operation to Berlin and became a successful rival to Cook’(Tuner and Ash, 1975). By 19th –Century advancesin transport technology, Thomas Cook and Son had effected a revolution in tourism by the end of the century. No longer the preserve of the wealth and the leisured, tourism was now an industry. While an average of 257 people per annum took part in Grand tourism during the 1547-1840 period (Towner, 1985), Cook had taken 20000 people to the Paris Exhibition of 1879-such was the magnitude of his entrepreneurial prowess.Despite the leaps and bounds that the industry experienced, tourism, until the 1930s, was still a matter of trains, boast and coaches. Travel by water transportation was a very important form of tourism during the 1920s and 1930s. The ships themselves were a form of floating hotel, where the act of travel was equated with tourism. Travel was seen as an end in itself. As if the industry has gone full circle, today, cruise tourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the international tourism industry.It was in 1950 that the first package holiday built around air transport was organized. This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, a Russian émigré educated at the London School of Economics. His successful company, Horizon Holidays (now merged with Thomson, the largest UK operator) was one of the top three tour operators in Britain. By the 1960s, the package holiday business began to use air transport in a major way as Raitz’s competitors, spurred on by his success also began using the aircraft.Still, foreign travel in the 1930s remained a luxury commodity within the reach of only a privileged few having both plenty of free time and considerable purchasing power. This picture was to change when, coupled with post-war peace and prosperity, came innovations in aircraft technology and changes in labor legislation, which provided paid holidays, and the development of the package tour. Aided by these innovations, mass tourism had arrived.Mass Tourism DefinedMass tourism is a phenomenon of large-scale packaging of standardized leisure services at fixed prices for sale to a mass clientele. Mass tourism refers to key characteristics that the international tourism industry displayed during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Mass tourism exists if the following conditions hold.1. The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible, no part of the holiday could be altered except by paying higher prices.2. The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scale economies as the driving force.3. The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.4. The holiday is consumed en masse, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms, culture, people or the environments of tourist-receiving destinations.Standardization and rigidity are very clear characteristics of package tours offered on a large scale. An inclusive charter tour provides the same level of transportation, accommodation, meal and transfer services to all the clients who pay the same price, visit the same sun destination, sunbathe on the same beaches,sleep in the same high-rise hotels and in the same type of beds, read the same tourist brochures, visit the same sites, stay the same length of time, take the same kinds of photographs and even buy the same souvenirs.Within the confines of mass, standardized and rigidly packaged tourism, choice, individuality, personalized services and flexibility are just not possible (or where possible, it is at horrendous prices compared with the package price). There is little place within mass tourism for the individual who wishes to be different from the crows, who wishes to use different accommodation or participate in different holiday activities. It is true that many tourists have avoided the ¹mass¹ tourist holidays and many have used the relatively cheap services of mass tourism as launching pads for their own vacations. However, in the 1960s and the 1970s, these were the exceptions rather than the common trend.Mass tourism certainly had its time and place. Today the tourism industry is in crisis. Mass tourism is no longer best practice. Conditions the gave birth to it –the frame conditions, consumers, technology, production and management practices-are themselves changing. Understanding how mass tourism came about and why it was best practice at the time are key to understanding why international tourism industry is being transformed and the shape that the new best practice is taking.Text B the Implications of New Tourism New tourism will change the boundaries of the tourism industry and radically alter the position of industry players. Players closest to consumers (e.g. travel agents, hotels, cruise ships) and those in control of the industry’s information (e.g. those that own CRSs) are expected to gain. CRSs will increasingly become the flexible alternative to pre-packaged holidays offered by tour operators. The role of tour operators is expected to decline in importance. It is no longer relevant whether a company is an airline, a travel agent, hotel or tour operator. What becomes more relevant are the activities along the value chain that they control.These changes imply a radical transformation of the opportunities available to the various players in the tourism industry. New functions and demands will emerge (e.g. quality control, flexible holidays). While at the same time other key activities will become less important (e.g. pre-packaged tours). Thus, the position of each player within the value chain will have to be re-thought. In addition, as the rules of the game continue to change, the pressures of cooperation and /or concentration are likely to be more intense.Diagonal integration-a process whereby firms use information technologies to logically combine services for best productivity and most profitability-will be one of the most significant developments in the international travel and leisure industry. Diagonal integration will become a international travel and leisure industry. It will continue to blur the boundaries among industry players and make the travel and tourism industry a system of wealth-creation. Already, the boundaries within the tourism industry, and between this industry and others, are becoming increasingly blurred. Players are crossing each others’ borders more than everbefore: banks move into travel agencies; insurance companies acquire hotel interests; airlines provide credit card; department stores operate travel agencies; and pleasure-boat companies move into hotels.The industry, as a result of this trend, will become more “system”-like in nature. One of the key implications of the trend towards diagonal integration is that competitors will increasingly come from outside the industry. Equally, diagonal integration will offer opportunities for travel and tourism players to move into other industries, particularly services.New tourism holds a number of key implications for industry players. In what follows, we will briefly examine some of the implications for tour operators, travel agents, and hotels.Tour OperatorsSeveral of the value-creation activities of tour operators will decline in importance-particularly those of packaging, risk brokerage and distribution. These functions are being increasingly superseded by computerized reservation systems. In response to the declining importance of key activities, tour operators will have to take action several fronts. They will have to:●create more flexible packaged holidays;●expand their information functions (e.g. provide computerized reservation niches for specific products of destinations);●develop creative relationships with travel agencies (selected agents could have the option of flexible packaging holidays on-line from the tour operator’s portfolio); and●control the quality of the product at al levels.Quality control at all crucial phases in the delivery of the holiday will become a key source of competitive advantage for tour operators. Tour operators will have to take a far broader view of the holiday that they deliver. They will have to find ways of better controlling and influencing the product delivered to consumers.Travel agenciesThe importance of travel agency reservations, ticketing the client advice functions are all expected to grow in importance. Already travel agencies handle a large and growing proportion of airline bookings. In creating more value from these activities, travel agencies will have to use their CRSs creatively and provide the information that consumers want.It is to ensuring the satisfaction of the travel consumers that agencies must give priority in order to ensure their own long-term survival and competitiveness. The ability of travel agents to acquire, provide and transmit unbiased information in a courteous, efficient and timely manner will be key to their competitive success. Indeed, a competitor agency will be able to copy a convenient ‘high-street’location, subscribe to the same airline reservation system and place satellite printers in their corporate clients’offices. However, a competitor will have tremendous difficulty in copying travel agency personnel who place the interest of the consumers first, causing them to be loyal.New opportunities for travel agencies to create value will emerge in the areasof packaging and in the representation of services other than those of tour operators. Travel agencies will have the information at their finger-tip to provide flexible itineraries. Strategically, through cooperation with other agencies, agents can increase buying power with airlines and other suppliers in order to obtain competitive prices for package components. This will allow travel agencies the avenue to provide competitively priced, flexible holiday packages. Travel agencies will also find it profitable to represent other services such as cruise ships, pleasure boats, car-rental companies, hotels, spas and other segments that will grow in importance in the travel and leisure industry.HotelsHotels will no longer be able to leave their marketing to tour operators or their reservations systems. They will have to get closer to their consumers and to travel agents in the market place. This is the only way that hotels will be able to adjust effectively their products to suit their changing clients. Being close to consumers and supplying the experiences they want have become so important that hotels can no longer simply sit back and expect their rooms to be sold.One of the key ingredients in the success of Sandals and SuperClub all-inclusive hotels in the Caribbean, for example, is the strong links they have established with travel agents in the marketplace. Nothing is left to chance. Sandals and SuperClub employ sales agents in the marketplace whose business it is to travel the length and breath of the USA (and increasingly European) markets to educate travel agents about their product, new services, new properties and new experiences being offered.Hotels will have to work more closely with their guests, listen to them and modify the services they offer to meet the new demands. Hotels will also have to identify market niches, segment the market and provide the experiences that consumers want and for which they are willing to pay.什么是旅游一提到旅游，我们首先会想到这样一些人：他们到某个特定的景点去观光、去拜访朋友或亲戚、去度假，并且过得很愉快。

旅行英语单词大全100个1. Airport - 机场2. Hotel - 酒店3. Passport - 护照4. Luggage - 行李5. Ticket - 票6. Visa - 签证7. Departure - 出发8. Arrival - 到达9. Flight - 航班10. Baggage - 行李11. Boarding pass - 登机牌12. Customs - 海关13. Immigration - 移民局14. Tourist - 游客15. Destination - 目的地16. Itinerary - 行程17. Reservation - 预订18. Check-in - 办理登机手续19. Check-out - 退房20. Currency - 货币21. Exchange rate - 汇率22. Guide - 导游23. Souvenir - 纪念品24. Sightseeing - 观光25. Adventure - 冒险26. Backpack - 背包27. Beach - 海滩28. Camping - 露营29. City - 城市30. Culture - 文化31. Excursion - 远足32. Hiking - 徒步旅行33. Landmarks - 地标34. Mountain - 山35. Nature - 自然36. Ocean - 海洋37. Religion - 宗教38. Resort - 度假村39. Safari - 野生动物观光40. Scenery - 风景41. Shopping - 购物42. Temple - 寺庙43. Tour - 旅游44. Train - 火车45. Bus - 公共汽车46. Car - 汽车47. Bicycle - 自行车48. Taxi - 出租车49. Boat - 船50. Hostel - 青年旅社51. Backpacking - 背包客旅行52. Cruise - 游轮53. Resort - 度假地54. Guidebook - 导游手册55. Photography - 摄影56. Cuisine - 美食57. Adventure - 冒险58. Staycation - 居家度假59. Camping - 露营60. Trekking - 远足61. Wildlife - 野生动植物62. Pilgrimage - 朝圣63. Backpack - 背包64. Scenic - 风景优美的65. Safari - 野生动物观光66. Leisure - 休闲67. Tourist attraction - 旅游景点68. Landmark - 地标69. Tour guide - 导游70. Travel agency - 旅行社71. Host - 主人72. Map - 地图73. Sunscreen - 防晒霜74. Camera - 相机75. Sunglasses - 太阳镜76. Postcard -明信片77. Adapter - 适配器78. Beach towel - 海滩巾79. Snorkel - 浮潜80. Travel insurance - 旅行保险81. Currency exchange - 货币兑换82. Rental car - 租车83. Train station - 火车站84. Bus stop - 公交车站85. Taxi rank - 出租车停靠点86. Beach resort - 海滩度假村87. Mountain range - 山脉88. Historical site - 历史遗迹89. Theme park - 主题公园90. Hiking trail - 远足径91. Natural beauty - 自然美景92. Museum - 博物馆93. Shopping mall - 购物中心94. Local cuisine - 当地美食95. Street food - 街头小吃96. Nightlife - 夜生活97. Cruise ship - 游轮98. Backpacker - 背包客99. Traveler - 旅行者100. Memory - 回忆。

旅游英语课件 TourismUnit1 What is Tourism?Unit1 What is Tourism?When we think of tourism; we think primarily of people who arevisiting a particular place for sightseeing, visiting friends and relatives, taking a vacation, and having a good time. They may spendtheir leisure time engaging in various sports, sunbathing, talking, singing, taking rides, touring, reading, or simply enjoying the environment. If we consider the subject further, we may include in our definition of tourism people who are participating in a convention, a business conference, or some other kind of business or professional activity, as well as those who are taking a study tour under an expert guide or doing some kind of scientific research or study.These visitors use all forms of transportation, from hiking in a wilderness park to flying in a jet to an exciting city. Transportation can include taking a chairlift up a Colorado mountainside or standing at the rail of a cruise ship looking across the blue Caribbean. Whether people travel by one of these means or by car, motorcoach, camper, train, taxi, motorbike, or bicycle, they are taking a trip and thus are engaging in tourism.Any attempt to define tourism and to describe its scope fully must consider the various groups that participate in and are affected by this industry. Their perspectives are vital to the development of acomprehensive definition. Four different perspectives of tourism can be identified:1. The tourist. The tourist seeks various psychic and physical experiences and satisfactions. The nature of these will largely determine the destinations chosen and the activities enjoyed.2. The businesses providing tourist goods and services. Business people see tourism as an opportunity to make a profit by supplying the goods and services that the tourist market demands.3. The government of the host community or area. Politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in the economy of their jurisdictions. Their perspective is related to the incomes their citizens can earn from this business. Politicians also consider the foreign exchange receipts from international tourism as well as the tax receipts collected from tourist expenditures, either directly or indirectly.4. The host community. Local people usually see tourism as acultural and employment factor. Of importance to their group, for example, is the effect of the interaction between large numbers of international visitors and residents. This effect ma be beneficial of harmful, or both.Thus, tourism may be defined as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the interaction of tourists, business suppliers, host governments, and host communities in the process of attracting and hosting these tourists and other visitors.Tourism is a composite of activities, services, and industries that delivers a travel experience: transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, shops, entertainment, activity facilities, and other hospitality services available for individuals or groups that are traveling away from home. It encompasses all providers of visitor and visitor-related services. Tourism is the entire world industry of travel, hotels, transportation, and all other components, including promotion, that serves the needs and wants of travelers. Finally, tourism is the sum total of tourist expenditures within the borders of a nation or a political subdivision or a transportation-centered economic area of contiguous states or nations. This economic concept also considers the income multiplier of these tourist expenditures.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted. Each of the many definitions that have arisen is aimed atfitting a special1Unit1 What is Tourism?situation and solving an immediate problem, and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline. Development ofa field depends on (1) uniform definitions, (2) description, (3)analysis,(4) predictions, and (5) control.Modern tourism is a discipline that has only recently attracted the attention of scholars from many fields. The majority of studies have been conducted for special purposes and have used narrow operational definitions to suit particular needs of researchers or government officials; these studies have got encompassed a systems approach. Consequently, many definitions of “tourism” and “the tourist” are based on distance traveled, the length of time spent, and the purpose of the trip. This makes it difficult to gather statistical information that scholars can use to develop a database, describe the tourism phenomenon, and do analyes. The problem is not trivial. It has been tackled by a number of august bodies over the years, including the League of Nations, the united Nations, the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),the National Tourism Resources Review Commission, and the U.S. Senate?s National Tourism Policy Study.World Tourism OrganizationThe international Conference of Travel and Tourism Statistics convened by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) in Ottawa, Canada, in 1991 reviewed, updated, and expanded on the work of earlierinternational groups. The ottawa Conference made some fundamental recommendations of definitions of tourism, travelers and tourists. The United Nations Statistical Commission adopted WTO? recommendations on tourism statistics on March 4, 1993.TourismWTO has taken the concept of tourism beyond a stereotypical image of “holiday-making.”The officially accepted definition is:Tourism comprises theactivities of persons travelin to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.” The term usual envi-ronment is intended to exclude tripswithin the area of usual residence and frequent and regular trips between the domicile and the workplace and other community trips of a routine character.1. International tourism:a. Inbound tourism: visits to a country by nonresidents.b. Out bound tourism: visits by residents of a country to another country.2. Internal tourism: visits by residents of a country to their own country.3. Domestic tourism: internal tourism plus inbound tourism (the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country).4.National tourism: Internal tourism plus outbound tourism (the resident tourism market for travel agents and airlines).Traveler Terminology for International TourismUnderlying the foregoing conceptualization of tourism is the overall concept of traveler, defined as “any person on a trip between two ormore countries or between twoor more localities within his/her countryof usual residence.” All types of travelers engaged in tourism are describedas visitors, a term that constitutes the basicconcept of the entire system of tourism statistics. Visitors are persons who travel to a country other than the one in which they generally reside for a2Unit1 What is Tourism?period not exceeding 12 months, whose main purpose is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. Visitors are subdivided into two categories:1. Same-day visitors: visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited: for example,a cruise ship passenger spending four hours in a port.2. Tourists: Visitors who stay in the country visited for at least one night: for example, a visitor on a two-week vacation.There are many purposes for a visit, notably pleasure, business, and other purposes, such as family reasons, health, and transit.Wordschairlift an apparatus which carries people up and sown steep slopes in chairs that hang from a moving wire 升降椅;空中缆椅camper a motor vehicle big enough to live in when on holiday, use.Having cooking equipment and beds in the back part 野营车motorbike a motorcycle 摩托车psychic of the mind as opposed to the body精神上的jurisdiction the right to use the power of an official body, esp. in order tomake decisions on questions of law 管辖权;司法权，审判权composite something made up of different parts or materials 混合物，合成物encompass to include or be concerned with (a wide range of activities,subjects, ideas) 包含，包括;涉及subdivision the act of dividing something that has already been divided,or the parts that result from doing this 再分，细分contiguous (to, with) touching, next (to); having a shared borde(正式)接触着的，接近的;接壤的multidimensional 多维的hamper to cause difficulty in movement or activity 阻碍，妨碍;牵制trivial of little worth or importance 琐碎的，没有价值的august lit noble and grand 威严的;高贵的convene to call (a group of people, committee) to meet 召集(会议);召集开会stereotypical as in an overly simple picture or opinion of person, group, orthing老套的，旧框框的consecutive following in regular unbroken order 连续的，连贯的domicile formal or law a person?s home; the place where a person lives or is considered to live for official purposes[法]户籍，正式居住地，信处workplace the room r building in which workers perform their work工作场所;工厂;车间inbound AmE incoming; inward bound 进来的3Unit1 What is Tourism?outbound mowing sway from the speaker or the starting point 外出的，离开出发点underlie to be a hidden meaning or cause of 位于……之下;成为……基础foregoing (the one) that has been mentioned 前面的(事物)，刚提到的(事物)conceptualization something that form a concept or concepts of概念化remunerate to reward; pay (someone) for work or trouble(正式)给……报酬;补偿transit the going or moving of people or goods from one place to another通行;过境Additional ReadingText A Mass TourismThe Historical SettingTourism harks back to the conquest of Alexander the Great (356-323BC) and the subsequent development of the Hellenistic urban system. It is argued that tourism requires both large claustrophobic cities and the means to escape from them, both of which were present in Greece during this period.Within modern times, the notion of tourism is closely linked to the idea of the “Grand Tour”,thwhich s panned the 16th to 19 Centuries. The Grand Tour is a “tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but not exclusively, for education and pleasure”. This later era of grand tourism was typified by long, expensive, “classical” and “romantic” visits, mainly by the British aristocracy, to France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland and the Low Countries. Over time, and with the rise of the middle professional class, the Grand Tour was patronized by a wider segment of the population. Nonetheless, only 3%~4% of the Population represented the nucleus from which Grand Tourists might have be drawn. The golden age of the Grand Tour was the 18th Century, particularly the 30 years before the outbreak of the French Revolutionin 1789. By the 1830s, the length of the Grand Tour fell from an average of 40 months in the mid-16th Century to an average of only 4 months.The growth of tourism to “mass” proportions as it is known today, has its foundation inseveral timely innovations: technologically in the field of transportation; and in the existence of a critical facilitating force, entrepreneurship-in the person of Thomas Cook.In 1815, 1 year after the Battle of Waterloo ended the Napoleonic wars, the first channel crossing by steamer was made (the site of the battle itself becoming a major tourist attraction). By 1812, a regular service was operated between the ports of Dover and Calais. In 1828 the first railways were laid in France and Austria, and in 1844 the railway reached Switzerland. “Thisrevolution in Transport technology and the low cost, speed and efficiency that it provided, led to an immediate expansion of European tourism.”Complementing transportation technology was the existence of entrepreneurial talent, “initiative” and “organizing genius” in the person of Thomas Cook. “His originality lay in his methods, his almost infinite capacity for taking trouble, his acute sense of the needs of his clients, his power of invention and his bold imagination” (Young, 1973). It has been written that “the4Unit1 What is Tourism?father of modern tourism was unquestionable Thomas Cook” (English, 1986). “Cook was the perfect entrepreneur, a brilliant opportunist, quick to sense the need of his clientele…” (Turner and Ash, 1975). Hewas a true Schumpeterian entrepreneur-“a leader, a disturber of the peace”, whohad the initiative, authority, foresight, and intuition and psycheto carry out innovations.Thomas Cook organized travel on a scale that had never been seen before. He heralded an era of organized, large-scale, relatively cheap tourism spread across national, regional and international destinations. If Europe had the “hot spots” for the Grand Tourists, the opening of the Far East, India and America, were the hallmarks of the Cook era. Until the early 1860s, Britain remained the main field of Cook?s activities; in 1862 he moved into Europe; he moved into America in 1866; took his first round-the-world trip in 1872; reached India and the Far East by the 1880s; and the first Cook hotel was established at Luxor (Egypt) in 1877.In 1862, the first true package tours were provided by Cook-all the details of transport and accommodation were pre-arranged for tourists who were, generally, of modest means. Spurred on by his example and the profits made by this entrepreneur, many imitators entered the fray. Turner and Ash write, for example, that …it was not long before his example was imitated; in 1863, the Stangen Travel Agency was established in Breslau. Stangen soon moved his center of operation to Berlin and became a successful rival to Cook? (Tuner and Ash, 1975). By 19th –Century advancesin transport technology, Thomas Cook and Son had effected arevolution in tourism by the end of the century. No longer the preserve of the wealth and the leisured, tourism was now an industry. While an average of 257 people per annum took part in Grand tourism during the 1547-1840 period (Towner, 1985), Cook had taken 20000 people to the Paris Exhibition of 1879-such was the magnitude of his entrepreneurial prowess.Despite the leaps and bounds that the industry experienced, tourism, until the 1930s, was still a matter of trains, boast and coaches. Travel by water transportation was a very important form of tourism during the 1920s and 1930s. The ships themselves were a form of floating hotel, where the act of travel was equated with tourism. Travel was seen as an end in itself. As if the industry has gone full circle, today, cruise tourism is one of the fastest growing segments of the international tourism industry.It was in 1950 that the first package holiday built around air transport was organized. This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, a Russian émigré educated at the London School of Economics. His successful company, Horizon Holidays (now merged with Thomson, the largest UK operator) was one of the top three tour operators in Britain. By the 1960s, the package holiday business began to use air transport in a major way as Raitz?s competitors, spurred on by his success also began using the aircraft.Still, foreign travel in the 1930s remained a luxury commoditywithin the reach of only a privileged few having both plenty of free time and considerable purchasing power. This picture was to change when, coupled with post-war peace and prosperity, came innovations in aircraft technology and changes in labor legislation, which provided paid holidays, and the development of the package tour. Aided by these innovations, mass tourism had arrived.Mass Tourism DefinedMass tourism is a phenomenon of large-scale packaging ofstandardized leisure services at fixed prices for sale to a mass clientele. Mass tourism refers to key characteristics that the international tourism industry displayed during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Mass tourism exists5Unit1 What is Tourism?if the following conditions hold.1. The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible, no part of the holiday could be altered except by paying higher prices.2. The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scale economies as the driving force.3. The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.4. The holiday is consumed en masse, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms, culture, people or the environments oftourist-receiving destinations.Standardization and rigidity are very clear characteristics ofpackage tours offered on a large scale. An inclusive charter tourprovides the same level of transportation, accommodation, meal andtransfer services to all the clients who pay the same price, visit the same sun destination, sunbathe on the same beaches, sleep in the samehigh-rise hotels and in the same type of beds, read the same tourist brochures, visit the same sites, stay the same length of time, take the same kinds of photographs and even buy the same souvenirs.Within the confines of mass, standardized and rigidly packaged tourism, choice, individuality, personalized services and flexibilityare just not possible (or where possible, it is at horrendous prices compared with the package price). There is little place within mass tourism for the individual who wishes to be different from the crows,who wishes to use different accommodation or participate in different holiday activities. It is true that many tourists have avoided the ?mass?tourist holidays and many have used the relatively cheap services of mass tourism as launching pads for their own vacations. However, in the 1960s and the 1970s, these were the exceptions rather than the common trend.Mass tourism certainly had its time and place. Today the tourism industry is in crisis. Mass tourism is no longer best practice.Conditions the gave birth to it –the frame conditions, consumers, technology, production and management practices-are themselves changing. Understanding how mass tourism came about and why it was bestpractice at the time are key to understanding why international tourism industry is being transformed and the shape that the new best practice is taking.Text B the Implications of New TourismNew tourism will change the boundaries of the tourism industry and radically alter the position of industry players. Players closest to consumers (e.g. travel agents, hotels, cruise ships) and those incontrol of the industry?s information (e.g. those that own CRSs) are expected to gain.CRSs will increasingly become the flexible alternative to pre-packaged holidays offered by tour operators. The role of tour operators is expected to decline in importance. It is no longer relevant whether a company is an airline, a travel agent, hotel or tour operator. What becomes more relevant are the activities along the value chain that they control.These changes imply a radical transformation of the opportunities available to the various players in the tourism industry. New functions and demands will emerge (e.g. quality control, flexible holidays). While at the same time other key activities will become less important (e.g. pre-packaged tours). Thus, the position of each player within the value chain will have to be re-thought. In addition, as the rules of the game continue to change, the pressures of cooperation and /or concentration are likely to be more intense.Diagonal integration-a process whereby firms use information technologies to logically6Unit1 What is Tourism?combine services for best productivity and most profitability-willbe one of the most significant developments in the international travel and leisure industry. Diagonal integration will become a international travel and leisure industry. It will continue to blur the boundaries among industry players and make the travel and tourism industry a system of wealth-creation. Already, the boundaries within the tourism industry, and between this industry and others, are becoming increasingly blurred. Players are crossing each others? borders more than ever before: banks moveinto travel agencies; insurance companies acquire hotel interests; airlines provide credit card; department stores operate travel agencies; and pleasure-boat companies move into hotels.The industry, as a result of this trend, will become more“system”-like in nature. One of thekey implications of the trend towards diagonal integration is that competitors will increasingly come from outside the industry. Equally, diagonal integration will offer opportunities for travel and tourism players to move into other industries, particularly services.New tourism holds a number of key implications for industry players. In what follows, we will briefly examine some of the implications for tour operators, travel agents, and hotels.Tour OperatorsSeveral of the value-creation activities of tour operators will decline inimportance-particularly those of packaging, risk brokerage and distribution. These functions are being increasingly superseded by computerized reservation systems. In response to the declining importance of key activities, tour operators will have to take action several fronts. They will have o: t, create more flexible packaged holidays;, expand their information functions (e.g. provide computerized reservation niches for specific products of destinations);, develop creative relationships with travel agencies (selected agents could have the option of flexible packaging holidays on-line from the tour operator?s portfolio); and, control the quality of the product at al levels.Quality control at all crucial phases in the delivery of the holiday will become a key source of competitive advantage for tour operators. Tour operators will have to take a far broader view of the holiday that they deliver. They will have to find ways of better controlling and influencing the product delivered to consumers.Travel agenciesThe importance of travel agency reservations, ticketing the client advice functions are all expected to grow in importance. Already travel agencies handle a large and growing proportion of airline bookings. In creating more value from these activities, travel agencies will have to use their CRSs creatively and provide the information that consumers want.It is to ensuring the satisfaction of the travel consumers that agencies must give priority in order to ensure their own long-term survival and competitiveness. The ability of travel agents to acquire, provide and transmit unbiased information in a courteous, efficient and timely manner will be key to their competitive success. Indeed, a competitor agency will be able to copy a convenient …high-street? location, subscribe to the same airline reservation system and place satellite printers in their corporate clients? offices. However, a competitor will have tremendous difficulty in copying travel agency personnel who place the interest of the consumers first, causing them to be loyal.New opportunities for travel agencies to create value will emerge in the areas of packaging7Unit1 What is Tourism?and in the representation of services other than those of tour operators. Travel agencies will have the information at their finger-tip to provide flexible itineraries. Strategically, through cooperation withother agencies, agents can increase buying power with airlines and other suppliers in order to obtain competitive prices for package components. This will allow travel agencies the avenue to provide competitively priced, flexible holiday packages. Travel agencies will also find it profitable to represent other services such as cruise ships, pleasure boats, car-rental companies, hotels, spas and other segments that will grow in importance in the travel and leisure industry.HotelsHotels will no longer be able to leave their marketing to tour operators or their reservations systems. They will have to get closer to their consumers and to travel agents in the market place. This is the only way that hotels will be able to adjust effectively their products to suit their changing clients. Being close to consumers and supplying the experiences they want have become so important that hotels can no longer simply sit back and expect their rooms to be sold.One of the key ingredients in the success of Sandals and SuperCluball-inclusive hotels in the Caribbean, for example, is the strong links they have established with travel agents in the marketplace. Nothing is left to chance. Sandals and SuperClub employ sales agents in the arketplace whose business it is to travel the length and breath of the USA (and increasingly mEuropean) markets to educate travel agents about their product, new services, new properties and new experiences being offered.Hotels will have to work more closely with their guests, listen to them and modify the services they offer to meet the new demands. Hotels will also have to identify market niches, segment the market and provide the experiences that consumers want and for which they are willing to pay.什么是旅游一提到旅游，我们首先会想到这样一些人:他们到某个特定的景点去观光、去拜访朋友或亲戚、去度假，并且过得很愉快。

"个人旅游"的英语表述可以是"Personal Travel"或"Individual Travel"。

这两个短语都可以用来描述一个人独自进行的旅行，而不是参加旅行团或与他人一起旅行。

"Personal Travel"更强调旅行的个性化和自主性，而"Individual Travel"则更侧重于旅行的个体性质。

例如：
- I prefer personal travel because I can plan my own itinerary and pace.
我更喜欢个人旅游，因为我可以自己规划行程和节奏。

- Many people choose individual travel to have a more flexible and customized experience.
许多人选择个人旅游是为了获得更灵活和个性化的体验。

这两个表述在实际使用中可以互换，具体使用哪个取决于上下文和个人偏好。

旅游的英语作文traveling（精选26篇）旅游的英语作文traveling（精选26篇）在日常学习、工作抑或是生活中，大家都经常看到作文的身影吧，作文是人们把记忆中所存储的有关知识、经验和思想用书面形式表达出来的记叙方式。

那要怎么写好作文呢？以下是小编精心整理的旅游的英语作文traveling，欢迎阅读与收藏。

旅游的英语作文traveling 篇1With the rapid development of economy, the number of Chinese traveling abroad has increased enormously, which definitely benefits both China and the world.In the past three years, the number of Chinese traveling abroad has kept a high growth rate. In accordance with the figures from a survey, there were about 7.5 million people traveling abroad in 1999. In the year after 1999, the number continued to rise. By 20xx, it reached 10 million people. And the year 20xx saw an ever-growing number of 12.1 million people going abroad.The reasons why the number of Chinese traveling abroad grows so rapidly are just as follows. First of all, after 20 years reform and opening up to the world, our economy has developed very quickly. Now Chinese have more money in their pockets than before. They can do whatever they want. Moreover, with more spare money in their hands, many Chinese would like to better the quality of their lives by going out to see different people, to hear different ideas and experience different cultures. And traveling abroad is just one way on the list to meet their demands.From the above analysis, we can easily draw the conclusion that such an increase in the number of people traveling abroadis reasonable and will continue to prove on a rise.【参考译文】随着经济的快速发展,中国出国旅行的数量大为增加,这绝对好处中国和世界。

旅游业英语词汇(较全) 1. 常用词汇- 旅游业: tourism industry- 旅行: travel- 游客: tourist- 导游: tour guide- 旅行社: travel agency- 酒店: hotel- 机票: plane ticket- 签证: visa- 行李: luggage- 景点: tourist attraction- 导览图: map- 订票: book tickets- 预订: make a reservation- 退订: cancel a reservation- 检票: check-in- 值机: check-in at the airport- 登机: board a plane- 出发: departure- 到达: arrival- 航班延误: flight delay- 旅游套餐: travel package- 自助游: self-guided tour- 全包式旅游: all-inclusive tour - 当地文化: local culture- 汇率: exchange rate- 導覽: guided tour- 咨询台: information desk- 旅游纪念品: souvenirs2. 餐饮词汇- 餐厅: restaurant- 餐桌: dining table- 菜单: menu- 食物: food- 饮料: beverages- 点菜: order dishes- 开胃菜: appetizer- 主菜: main course- 饮食偏好: dietary preferences- 素食者: vegetarian- 饮食限制: dietary restrictions- 服务员: waiter/waitress- 结账: pay the bill- 小费: tip3. 交通词汇- 交通工具: means of transportation - 出租车: taxi- 公交车: bus- 地铁: subway- 火车: train- 船: boat- 自行车: bicycle- 摩托车: motorcycle- 行人: pedestrian- 交通拥堵: traffic congestion - 禁止通行: no entry- 禁止停车: no parking- 停车场: parking lot- 警察: police officer- 罚款: fine4. 地理方位- 北: north- 南: south- 东: east- 西: west- 上: up- 下: down- 前: front- 后: back- 左: left- 右: right5. 旅游方式- 租车: rent a car- 骑行: cycling- 徒步: hiking- 航空旅行: air travel- 邮轮旅行: cruise travel- 驴行: backpacking- 乘坐公共交通: using public transport以上词汇可以帮助你在旅游业的交流中更方便地和他人沟通。

英文中旅游的表达
在英语中，有很多关于旅游的词汇和表达。

以下是一些常见的表达方式：
1. Travel：旅行，出行
2. Vacation：假期，度假
3. Tourist：旅游者，游客
4. Sightseeing：观光，游览
5. Destination：目的地，旅游胜地
6. Itinerary：行程，旅游计划
7. Accommodation：住宿，旅馆
8. Reservation：预订，预订酒店或机票等
9. Passport：护照，出国旅游必备
10. Visa：签证，出国旅游必备
11. Souvenir：纪念品，旅游胜地的特色商品
12. Guidebook：旅游指南，介绍旅游胜地的书籍
13. Attractions：景点，旅游胜地的主要吸引点
14. Tour group：旅游团，一起旅游的团体
15. Culture shock：文化冲击，旅游中遇到异国文化时的体验
16. Budget travel：低预算旅游，在预算范围内旅游
17. Backpacking：背包旅行，采用简单的方式旅行
18. Adventure travel：冒险旅游，进行探险、刺激的旅游活动
19. Staycation：居家旅游，在家附近进行旅游活动
20. Road trip：自驾旅行，使用自己的车辆旅行
以上是一些旅游相关的英语表达，希望对您的旅游英语有所帮助。