A thirteen-year record of bathymetric changes in the North Passage, Changjiang (Yangtze) estuary

第一章测试1.What is included in Jane Austen’s landscapes?A:IrelandB:ScotlandC:WalesD:England答案:D2.It is in Southern England that the women in Jane Austen’s novels can feelcomfortable.A:错B:对答案:B3.The marriage transactions in Jane Austen’s novels take place in the followingplaces:A:BrightonB:BathC:CambridgeD:London答案:ABD4.The characteristics of the late eighteenth century in England include:答案:ABC5.Literary geography is a perspective on literature that incorporates the studyof geographical space and place.A:对B:错答案:A6.When does the cultural turn of human geographies take place?A:the end of the 1980sB:the early twentieth centuryC:the sixteenth centuryD:the end of the 1950s答案:A7.The scope of literary geography studies includes:A:the plotB:the study of literature in spaceC:geography documentsD:the study of space in literature答案:BD8.Geography is not an inert container, is not a box where cultural historyhappens, but an active force, that pervades the literary field and shapes it in depthA:错B:对答案:B9.The act of writing itself might be considered as a form of mapping orcartographic activity.A:错B:对答案:B10.Great Britain is a country.A:对B:错答案:B第二章测试1.Who is honoured as the father of English literature?A:Ben JohnsonB:John DonneC:Geoffrey ChaucerD:John Milton答案:C2.In the Medieval hierarchical system of England, the church was responsiblefor the spiritual welfare of the body politic.A:错B:对答案:B3.Geoffrey Chaucer’s diplomatic mission to It aly in 1372 brought him intodirect contact with the Italian Renaissance.A:对B:错答案:A4.Scholars conjecture that The Canterbury Tales was probably first conceivedin 1386, when Chaucer was living in Canterbury.A:对B:错答案:B5.When does the pilgrimage take place in The Canterbury Tales?A:AprilB:JuneC:MayD:March答案:A6.Which one is the opening tale after “The General Prologue” in TheCanterbury Tales?答案:D7. A dialectic between ___ is a recurrent feature of The Canterbury Tales.A:stylesB:genresC:classesD:rhetorics答案:ABC8.The persona “I” in The Canterbury Tales is also one of the pilgrims.A:对B:错答案:A9.“The Miller’s Tale” concerned with order, love and fraternity parodies “TheKnight’s tale” that involves deception and body.A:错B:对答案:A10.“The Miller’s Tale” ha s the following characteristics:A:hilariousB:fabliauC:tragicD:aristocratic答案:AB第三章测试1.Shakespeare was a contemporary of ( ).A:King Charles II and Queen VictoriaB:King George IV and Queen Elizabeth IIC:Queen Elizabeth I and King James IID:Queen Elizabeth I and King James I答案:D2.Shakespeare came from a well-educated family in Stratford-upon-Avon.A:对B:错答案:B3.Shakespeare was buried in Westminster Abbey.A:错B:对答案:A4.Geographically speaking, Stratford-upon-Avon is situated in the Southeast ofLondon.A:错B:对答案:A5.In Shakespeare’s life, he had been ( ).A:an actorB:a theatre managerC:a playwrightD:a poet答案:ABCD6.The Globe Theatre is situated on ( ).A:the south bank of River AvonB:the north bank of River AvonC:the south bank of River ThamesRiver ThamesD:the north bank of River Thames答案:C7.Which of the following was once a patron of Shakespeare?A:The 3rd Earl of SouthamptonB:Christopher MarloweC:James VD:Robert Greene答案:A8.Before 1597, many plays were published without the identification of itswriter.A:对B:错答案:A9.Which of the followings statement is NOT true about Shakespreare’s TheFirst Folio?A:It helps modern day scholars to understand Shakespeare.B:It was published after his death.C:It contains all of Shakespeare’s plays.D:It includes comedies, tragedies, and historical dramas.答案:C10.The first actor who played Hamlet was ( )A:David TennantB:Shakespeare himselfC:Richard BurbageD:Benedict Cumberbatch答案:C第四章测试1.Burns Night is traditionally celebrated on？A:January 24thB:January 22ndC:January 23rdD:January 25th答案:D2.Robert Burns’s parents were buried in the graveyard of the same old kirkfeatured in his poem “Tam O’Shanter”.A:错B:对答案:B3.Tam in “Tam O’Shanter” witness ( ) at a stormy night.A:a fight happened at the marketB:witches and warlocks partying with the devilC:a murder that happened in the graveyardD:a debate between God and Satan答案:B4.Scots refers to English spoken in the Scottish accent.A:对B:错答案:B5.The development of the Scots language has been influence by ( ）A:the Scandinavian languagesB:the Germanic languagesC:the Cyrillic languagesD:the Romance languages答案:ABD6.“A wee bairn” in Scots means ( ) in English:A:a small dogB:a big childC:a big dogD:a small child答案:D7.Because “Tam O’Shanter” was written for a historical record of Scottishcastles and churches, the story of it was factual.A:错B:对答案:A8.The 18th century Ayrshire was dominated by ( ).A:none of aboveB:CatholicismC:ProtestantismD:the Orthodox Church答案:C9.Robert Burns’s education include ( )A:school and a private tutorB:the University of EdinburghC:folksongs and tales from his mother and nannyD:his father’s teaching him to read from The Bible答案:ACD第五章测试1.Which one is the largest natural lake in England?A:WindermereB:Loch NessC:DerwentwaterD:Esthwaite Water答案:A2.The Lake District is well known for its connection with Romantic poets, suchas William Blake.A:对B:错答案:B3.Where was William Wordsworth born?A:CumbriaB:LondonC:OxfordD:Sussex答案:A4.Dorothy Wordsworth wrote the Grasmere Journal when she lived in the DoveCottage.A:错B:对答案:B5.In whose work does the following passage appear? “I never saw daffodils sobeautiful they grew among the mossy stones about & about them, somerested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness & the resttossed & reeled & danced & seemed as if they verily laughed with the windthat blew upon them over the Lake”A:William WordsworthB:Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC:Dorothy WordsworthD:Thomas De Quincey答案:C6.The final version of “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” published in 1815 is arevision of the original published in 1807.A:错B:对答案:B7.In “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, what words does the poet use to convey atranquil image?A:wanderB:flutterC:floatD:lonely答案:ACD8.In “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet compares the daffodils to ___A:starsB:dancersC:wanderersD:flowers答案:AB9.What does “the inward eye” refer to in “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”?A:focused attentionB:remembranceC:imaginationD:absent-mindedness答案:ABC10.William Wordsworth’s life at the Lake District exerts a huge impact on hispoetry.A:对B:错答案:A第六章测试1.Which of the following titles belong to Walter Scott?A:The Wizard of OzB:The Heaven-taught PloughmanC:The Inventor of Scottish HistoryD:The Wizard of the North答案:CD2.Walter Scott decorated his house with the entrance doorway to the OldTalbooth Prison in Edinburgh.A:对B:错答案:A3.How many times did Walter Scott meet Robert Burns?A:4B:2C:1D:3答案:C4.The name of Walter Scott’s castle comes from the route leading to theMelrose Abbey, an abbey important in Scottish history.A:错B:对答案:B5.The aftermath of the Jacobite’s defeat on Culloden Moor includes:A:the dying of the clan systemB:the restriction of foreign travelC:the taboo on wearing tartanD:the decline of the Gaelic language答案:ACD6.In Waverley, the character Fergus MacIvor was a highland chieftain loyal tothe Jacobite leader “Bonnie Prince Charles”.A:错B:对答案:B7.Edward Waverley believed that the Jacobite cause would succeed.A:错B:对答案:A8.Which of the following British monarchs was the first to visit Scotlandwearing a tartan kilt after the Battle of Culloden ?A:Queen VictoriaB:George IIIC:George IVD:Edward I答案:C9.Walter Scott received help from ( ) to collect ballads.A:James HoggB:Robert BurnsC:All the other choices are correctD:Bishop Percy答案:AD10.Walter Scott was against ballad singers or collectors leaving their ownstamps on the ballads.A:错B:对答案:A第七章测试1.The City of Bath is situated in the Southwest of England.A:错B:对答案:B2.The Romans were good at combining their own gods and the local deitiesafter they conquered other lands.A:错B:对答案:B3.Bath started to regain its Roman glory when Richard “Beau” Nash invested inthe city in the ( )A:17th centuryB:19th centuryC:16th centuryD:18th century答案:D4.Which of the followings are likely to be a Regency social event in Bath?A:a ballB:a dinner partyC:a cricket matchD:a concert答案:ABD5.Bath’s influences on Austen’s life and works include ( ）A:a practical experience working with the lower class peopleB:a documentary record of the social mannersC:an ethical perspective of the gentryD:the romantic encounter of her future husband答案:BC6.In the Regency Era, Bath’s social hierarchy could be ref lected by the differentcarriages arriving at ballrooms such as the Pump Room.A:对B:错答案:A7.Catherine Morland in Northanger Abbey was the heir of a rich couple Mr andMrs Allen and thus she attracted much attention from suitors.A:对B:错答案:B8.The estate of Northanger Abbey is owned by ( )A:Mr and Mrs AllenB:Henry TilneyC:General TilneyD:The Morlands答案:C9.Which of the following statements is/are true about Bath’s social geographyin the Regency Era?A:The rich population lived in the north of the city.B:The lower class people lived in the south of the city.C:The poor population lived in the north of the city.D:The upper class people lived in the south of the city.答案:AB10.The Camden Place was a fictional location created by Austen, it did notactually exist in Bath.A:错B:对答案:A第八章测试1.Which one of the following works is written by Anne Bronë?A:Agnes GrayB:Jane EyreC:Wuthering HeightsD:Villette答案:A2.The Brontë sisters’ connection with Yorkshire was through blood.A:对B:错答案:B3.The Brontë sisters were born in Thornton, West Yorkshire, England in theearly 19th century.A:对B:错答案:A4.Emily Brontë incorporates the harsh and unhealthy conditions of the clergyschool she attended in her novel Wuthering Heights.A:错B:对答案:A5.Who is the most private and reclusive one of the three Brontë sisters?A:Charlotte BrontëB:Branwell BrontëC:Anne BrontëD:Emily Brontë答案:D6.Wuthering Heights is similar to Dickens’ novels in terms of its engagementwith social issues.A:错B:对答案:A7.Which one of the following settings is the counterpart of Wuthering Heightsin the eponymous novel?A:Dove CottageB:LowoodC:Keswick HouseD:Thrushcross Grange答案:D8.The following passage is uttered by ____ in Wuthering Heights: “This iscertainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society.”A:Catherine LintonB:Mr. LockwoodC:Edgar LintonD:Mr. Heathcliff答案:B9.The following passage shows that the moor is a place of ___ in WutheringHeights: “About midnight, while we still sat up, the storm came rattling over the Heights in full fury. There was a violent wind, as well as thunder, andeither one or the other split a tree off at the corner of the building; a hugebough fell across the roof, and knocked down a portion of the east chimney-stack, sending a clatter of stones and soot into the kitchen fire”.A:desolationB:disasterC:happinessD:violence答案:ABD10.The moors witness a kind of U-turn in the story: paradise for youngCatherine and Heathcliff – hell for their adult life – paradise again for theoffspring.A:错B:对答案:B第九章测试1.Dickens, like some of his fictional characters, was forced to serve as a childlabor in a shoe “blacking factory” to eke out a living at a very yo ung ageA:对B:错答案:A2.Dickens’ first novel( ) brought him instant success at the age of twenty-five.A:The Pickwick PapersB:A Tale of Two CitiesC:Oliver TwistD:David Copperfield答案:A3.Dickens harbors a strong sense of localism rooted in the modes of existenceand landscape of the countryside.A:错B:对答案:A4.The image of London offered by Dickens in Oliver Twist is generallycharming and attractive.A:对B:错答案:B5.In order to highlight Oliver’s first encounter with the shockingly filthyLondon underworld, Dickens portrays London with a series of unpleasantnatural elements including ( ).A:rain that falls sluggishly downB:black mistC:stones covered with thick mudD:“everything felt cold and clammy to the touch”答案:ABCD6.The streets in Oliver Twist are marked by ( ).A:narrownessB:muddinessC:cleanessD:darkness答案:ABD7.Dickens’ depiction of those ruinous slums in London can find expression in (),the most notorious gutter alongside The Thames.答案:A8.The fall of those slum houses has been embedded by Dickens with two layersof implications, ( ).A:the fall of the hypocritical capitalist humanismB:the rocketing development of capitalismC:the precarious state of existence of those disenfranchised groupsD:the extremely dire financial conditions答案:AC9.Dickens’depict ion of the slums, those dilapidated houses in particular, pushesto the climax his critique of the government’s indifference towards the poor and, more generally, its non-performance in tackling the problem of poverty.A:对B:错答案:A10.Dickens witnessed the rise of London as one of the largest metropolises inthe European continent because it ( ).A:built intricate sewer and street systemsB:attained great achievements of industrialization and urbanizationC:erected all sorts of facilitiesD:constructed railways答案:ABCD第十章测试1.The following passage appears in the novel ___: “London. Michaelmas Termlatterly over, and the Lord Chancellor sitting in Lincoln’s Inn Hall. Implacable November weather.”A:The Sign of the FourB:Hard TimesC:Bleak HouseD:A Study in Scarlet答案:C2.Much of the 19th-century detective fiction was published in periodicals.A:错B:对答案:B3.It’s generally believed that The Moonstone is the first detective novel inBritain.A:错B:对答案:B4.In which one of the following works does the character Shelock Holmes firstappear?A:A Study in ScarletB:The Hound of BaskervilleC:The MoonstoneD:The Sign of the Four答案:A5.It’s said that Conan Doyle’s inspiration for the character Sherlock Holmescame from Bucket, a Scottish lecturer at the medical school of the University of EdinburghA:错B:对答案:A6.The Sign of the Four gets its name bcause in the story there are four pieces oftreasure stolen.A:对B:错答案:B7.Although Conan Doyle lived only a few months in London before moving tothe suburbs, London exerts a huge impact on his writings.A:对B:错答案:A8.The following quotation describes the city of London in ____: “a dense drizzlyfog lay low upon the great city, mud-coloured clouds drooped sadly over the muddy streets.”A:The Sign of the FourB:The Hound of BaskervilleC:The MoonstoneD:A Study in Scarlet答案:A9.Lyceum Theatre in the East End figures in both Conan Doyle’s real life and hisstories.A:对B:错答案:B第十一章测试1.Which of the following writers had been influenced by Freudian theories?A:Virginia WoolfB:Franz KafkaC:Marcel ProustD:James Joyce答案:ABCD2.For most of Virginia Woolf’s life, she lived in ( )A:the East End of LondonB:the West End of LondonC:the seaside of Southwest EnglandD:Richmond答案:B3.Virginia Woolf was sent to study at the University of Oxford.A:对B:错答案:B4.None of the characters in Mrs. Dalloway met one another during their walkson that day before Clarissa Dalloway’s party.A:对B:错答案:B5.Septimus Warren Smith suffers fromA:a depressing unhappiness in marriageB:post-traumatic stress disorderC:a serious wound he got from fighting in WWID:none of above答案:B6.Modernism is a movement only in literature.A:错B:对答案:A7.European Modernism lasted from the end of 19th century to ( )A:the 1960sB:the breakout of WWIIC:the 1970sD:the breakout of WWI答案:B8.Before Modernism, art converted the unexplainable to a very abstract form.A:错B:对答案:A9.Which of the following theories contributed to Modernism?A:Marxism and DarwinismB:Bergson’s “élan vital”C:Nietzsche’s “Will to Power”D:Einstein’s “theory of relativity”答案:ABCD10.Freud and literature mutually influenced each other.A:错B:对答案:B第十二章测试1.Oxford got its name for being the fording point in Saxon times.A:错B:对答案:B2.Which one is the oldest university in the English-speaking world?A:University of CambridgeB:University of ParisC:Harvard UniversityD:University of Oxford答案:D3.University of Oxford was modeled on the University of Paris.A:对B:错答案:A4.Which one(s) of the following is(are) the initial faculties of the University ofOxford?A:medicineB:theologyC:lawD:liberal arts答案:ABCD5.The various colleges of Oxford were intended primarily for well-off scholars.A:错B:对答案:A6.Oxford is known as the “City of Spires” or the “City of Dreaming Spires”,because of its beautiful skyline of Gothic towers and steeples.A:错B:对答案:B7. C. S. Lewis completed The Chronicles of Narnia series at Oxford.A:对B:错答案:B8.J.R.R. Tolkien taught English language and literature at the University ofOxford.A:错B:对答案:B第十三章测试1.The famous journal Edinburgh Review founded in the 19th centurypromoted the literary trend of ( )A:RealismB:FuturismC:RomanticismD:Symbolism答案:C2.The Edinburgh born writers include ( )A:Robert Louis StevensonB:Conan DoyleC:Walter ScottD:J. M. Barrie答案:ABCD3.Spark was honoured “Dame Muriel Spark” for her contribution in literature.A:错B:对答案:B4.Muriel Spark was raised as a ( ) but later converted to a ( )A:Presbyterian … CatholicB:Catholic … ProtestantC:C atholic … PresbyterianD:Jewish … Catholic答案:A5.The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is a biographical work of Muriel Spark’s schoolteacher Miss Christina Kay.A:对B:错答案:B6.The “prime” of Miss Jean Brodie, according to herself, referred to ( )A:her past youthB:her current teaching careerC:her coming yearsD:her school years答案:B7.The regular members of “The Brodie Set” includes ( )A:4 girlsB:6 girlsC:7 girlsD:5 girls答案:B8.The most controversial topic Miss Jean Brodie taught the girls whicheventually led to her being expelled from the school wasA:religionB:fascismC:her personal romantic historyD:poetry答案:B9.Miss Jean Brodie eventually found out which girl of the Brodie Set betrayedher.A:对B:错答案:B10.Calvinism is a religious branch of ( )A:JudaismB:PuritanismC:ProtestantismD:Catholicism答案:C第十四章测试1.V. S. Naipaul was born in an impoverished rural area of Trinidad.A:错B:对答案:B2.V. S. Naipaul is a travel writer.A:错B:对答案:A3.The values of the English middle class that Naipaul celebrates basically referto ( ).A:the VictorianismB:the British monarchyC:colonialismD:anarchism答案:A4.( )prompted Naipaul to view Victorian tradition as a lifeline.A:his nostalgia for TrinidadB:his desire to purge himself of his West IndiannessC:his image of writing as a fundamentally British vocationD:his lack of readers答案:BCD5.The protagonist of The Enigma of Arrival is widely accepted to be Naipaul.A:对B:错答案:A6.In Naipaul’s eye, this rur al county in Wiltshire is an embodiment of ( ).A:the imperial pastB:his hometownC:his immigrationD:the pastoral beauty答案:A7.In The Enigma of Arrival, Naipaul gives a meticulous and detailed account ofthis rural county, including ( )A:farm housesB:routesC:tourist attractionsD:clusters of vegetation答案:ABCD8.According to Naipaul, Wiltshire rehearses the process of the destruction of ( ).A:the British colonialism in TrinidadB:the capitalism in BritainC:an illusory conception of EnglandD:the agriculture in England答案:C9.The critical comments received by The Enigma of Arrival are conflicting.A:错B:对答案:B第十五章测试1.《向西行》（Stepping Westward）的主题是（）。

IELTS Reading Passage - Population Movements And GeneticsPopulation Movements And GeneticsOrigins and distribution of human populations is studied based on archaeological and fossil evidence. From the 1950s, numerous techniques have been used which are more objective. Information about early population movements now obtained by 'archaeology of the living body', the clues are taken from the genetic material.These values of the techniques are ensured by the work on the problems which deal with when people entered America. The launching ground of human colonisers of the New World is North-east Asia and Siberia. It was found that major migration happened across the Bering Strait into the Americans. New clues have derived from the research into genetics which includes the genetic markers in modern Native Americans.Biological Anthropologist Robert Williams found one particular protein (immunoglobulin G) in the form of fluid in the blood. Most of the proteins produce variants and interbreeding human population members will share these sets of variants. One can determine their genetic distance by comparing the Gm allotypes of two different populations. This informs the length of time.In the span of a twenty year period, Williams and his colleagues collected the sample of over 5,000 American Indians in Western North America. . Gm allotypes can be divided into two groups, one of them corresponds to the genetic typing of Central And South American Indians. Apart from this, other tests showed that Aleut3 and Inuit formed a third group. It was found from the evidence that there have been three migration waves that happened across the Bering Strait. da about 600 or 700 years ago). The third wave, perhaps 10,000 or 9,000 years ago, saw the migration from North-east Asia of groups ancestral to the modern Eskimo and Aleut.To what extent does other research support these conclusions ? Douglas Wallace, a geneticist, studied mitochondrial DNA4 in the blood samples from three distinct Native American Groups: Arizona’s Pima-Papago Indians, Maya Indians on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, and Ticuna Indians in Brazil's Upper region. According to the prediction of Robert Williams’s work, all three groups seem to be descended from the same ancestor - thePaleo-indian population.There are two other sorts of research which throws some light on the Native American Population origination. It involves the study of teeth and of languages. The biological anthropologist Christy Turner, having an expertise in analysing the changing physical characteristics in human teeth. According to him, tooth crowns and roots possess a high genetic component, affected by environmental and other factors in a minimal fashion. Turner studied many thousands of New and Old World Specimens, both ancient and modern and finds that most of the prehistoric Americans are connected to Northern Asian Populations byroot and crown traits such as incisor shovelling ( a scooping out on one or both surfaces of the tooth ), triple-rooted lower first molars and single-rooted upper first premolars.As stated by Turner, this ties in with the idea of a single Paleo-Indian migration out of North Asia, which he fixes before 14,000 years ago by calibrating rates of dental micro-evaluation. Analysing the tooth suggests that there were two later migrations of Eskimo-Aleut andNa-Denes.Since the 1950s, the linguist Joseph Greenberg has argued that all Native American languages belong to a single ‘Amerind’ family, Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut is an exception -a view that supports the idea of three main migrations. Among fellow linguists, Greenberg is a minority, who favour the idea of many waves of migration to account for the fact that American Indians speak more than 1000 languages at one time. Greenberg’s view is supported by the new genetic and dental evidence. However, dates given for the migrations should be treated cautiously, excluded where supported by hard archaeological evidence. Population Movements And Genetics IELTS Reading QuestionsQuestions 1 - 7Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.1.Where from the clues on early population movements was taken by ?2.What protein Robert Williams found in the form of fluid in the blood ?3.What could be determined by comparing the Gm allotypes of two differentpopulations ?4.How many groups are there in Gm allotypes ?5.Who studied mitochondrial DNA4 from three different Native American Groups’ bloodsamples ?6.Which study throws a light on origins of the Native American Population other thanstudy of languages ?7.Who is an expert in analysing changing physical characteristics of human teeth ?Questions 8-13Complete the summary below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.From the8______, numerous techniques have been used which are more objective to study the fossil evidence. Information about early population movements now obtained by '9____of the living body', the clues are taken from the genetic material. Modern10________,new clues have been derived from the research into genetics which includes the genetic11______. Biological Anthropologist12_______found one particular protein (immunoglobulin G) in the form of fluid in the blood. One can determine their genetic distance by comparing the13_______of two different populations.。

专业英语四级-71(总分100,考试时间90分钟)READING COMPREHENSIONTEXT AIn a recent book entitledThe Psychic Life of Insects, Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellow with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an intelligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the Professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner.During the summer, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It was more like a child of our own than a wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference.It was still a young wasp when we got it and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was female, we decided to call it Miriam.One evening I had been working late in my laboratory fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a line of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all the larvae worth knowing in North American. The cards went everywhere.I was too tired to stop to pick them that night. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. "Maybe Miriam will pick them up", I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for one moment that such would be the case.When I came down the next morning Miriam was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had buzzed about all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew practically nothing on larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had left them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to tackle, and discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep.1. Professor Bouvier most probably agrees that ______.A. insects" reasoning power has nothing to do with intelligenceB. wasps can only behave in an instinctive mannerC. wasps are different from other winged creaturesD. the issue of insects" intelligence need further research2. The author took the wasp Miriam to his cottage because ______.A. Miriam was treated like a childB. Miriam was the pet of the familyC. the author was studying insects for his doctoral thesisD. the author wanted to prove that insects have intelligence3. When the card index scattered on the floor, the author ______.A. decided to pick them up the next morningB. believed Miriam would pick them upC. didn"t understand why Miriam flew about over the cardsD. found it ridiculous that Miriam would pick them up4. By saying "And well she might have been" (Para. 6), the author thinks that Miriam was ______.A. exhaustedB. intelligentC. energeticD. depressed5. Which of the following statements was based on facts rather than on the author"s pure thinking?A. Miriam cried herself to sleep.B. Miriam had buzzed about all night.C. Miriam could only tell wasp larvae.D. Miriam had left the cards on the floor.An "apple polisher" is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe, but is close to it.All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices—just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.There are other phrases meaning the same thing as "apple-polishing"—"soft-soaping" or "buttering-up". A gift is just one way to "soft-soap" somebody, or to "butter him up". Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise-telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to the endless sickening flattery of his courtiers. They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to **ing in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power.6. Which of the following activities has nothing to do with "apple-polishing"?A. A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.B. An employee tells her boss how good he is at management.C. A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.D. A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.7. What does the writer want to prove with Cromwell"s example?A. Everybody can be an apple-polisher.B. Cromwell was not a good apple-polisher.C. George Fox and his party were not apple-polishers.D. There are people who don"t like being apple-polished.8. Which of the following statements about flattery is true according to the writer?A. Too much flattery can carry us away.B. Flattery is too empty to do people any good.C. Flattery can get you nothing but excessive pride.D. Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people.9. King Canute of Denmark and England took his followers to the seashore because ______.A. he was sick of his normal lifeB. he disliked being overpraised any moreC. he wanted them to realize how wise he wasD. he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king10. The author thinks that flattery can do good to those who ______.A. are politicians or in high officesB. lack confidenceC. are really excellentD. think highly of themselvesTEXT BAs medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become almost a national passion in the United States. The food-for-fitness phenomenon began in the late "70s when a U.S. **mittee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten leading causes of death—such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke—might be linked to diet. The government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a variety of foods, maintain proper weight, and limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol.For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available in all parts of the country, regardless of the season. Taking advantage of this abundance, many people are forsaking traditional meat-and- potatoes and in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits, and vegetables.The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal fat, which is thought to increase the risk of heart disease and may contribute to the high U.S. incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine and vegetable oils have replaced butter and lard in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry are increasingly popular sources of protein as consumption of red meat declines. The food industry has responded to concern about fat by producing leaner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free substitutes for eggs.One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in restaurant food. "One of every two meals in the United States is eaten outside the home," says Donna Watson, president of the American Dietetic Association. "Restaurants are making special efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items." Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens and raw fruits and vegetables, are found everywhere, even along-side the burgers and French fries in fast-food restaurants.Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer stress. Eating sensibly, they have discovered, is only one important route to good health.1. It is suggested in the dietary guidelines that ______.A. 60% leading causes of death might be linked to dietB. fat and alcohol should be taken as little as possibleC. eating diverse foods helps maintain proper weightD. sugar and salt should be taken in restricted amount2. Many Americans no longer maintain the meat-and-potatoes diet because ______.A. salads, fruits, and vegetables are more easily preparedB. there is a rich supply of diverse foodsC. such diet is not as healthy as salads, fruits and vegetablesD. diverse foods vary with seasons3. Which of the following can be a way to decrease the consumption of animal fat?A. Using less butter when cooking soup.B. Drinking more milk at breakfast.C. Eating more fish or poultry at dinner.D. Having two eggs at most daily.4. What is the author"s attitude towards restaurant food?A. Optimistic.B. Impersonal.C. Enthusiastic.D. Anxious.5. A nationwide pursuit of a sounder life style began when the American realized ______.A. the disadvantages of smokingB. the advantages of exercisingC. the advantages of prudent dietD. the disadvantages of stressWith increasing prosperity, Western European youth is having a fling that is creating distinctive consumer and cultural patterns.The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the "youth market". This is a market in which enterprising businesses cater to the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms.In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its infancy. In some countries such as Britain, West Germany and France, it is more advanced than in others. Some manifestations of the market, chiefly sociological, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organized consumer research and promotion.Characteristics of evolving European youth market indicate dissimilarities as well as similarities to the American youth market.The similarities:The market"s basis is essentially the same—more spending power and freedom to use it in the hands of teenagers and older youth. Young consumers also make up an increasingly high proportion of the population.As in the United States, youthful tastes in Europe extend over a similar range of products—records and record players, transistor radios, leather jackets and "way-out", extravagantly styled clothing, cosmetics and soft drinks. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing.Also, a pattern of conformity dominates Europe youth as in this country, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that "make the wearer stand out," but also make him "in," such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets.Worship and emulation of "idols" in the entertainment field, especially the "pop" singers and other performers is pervasive. There"s also the same exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenage singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other followers of teenage fads call the youth market "attractive but irrational."The most obvious differences between the youth market in Europe and that in the United States is in size. In terms of volume and variety sales, the market in Europe is only a shadow of its American counterpart, but it is a growing shadow.6. The "youth market" is created so as to cater for ______.A. distinctive young consumers and their cultureB. the enterprising businesses in Western EuropeC. the increasingly prosperous European economyD. the emergence of an American phenomenon7. What does the author think about the youth market in Britain, West Germany and France?A. It is more developed than that in Western Europe.B. It is still in its preliminary stage of development.C. More sociological phenomena of the market should be recorded.D. Consumer research and promotion should be based on the market.8. The European youth market and the American one are similar in ______.A. the youth"s spending powerB. the youth"s influences on the marketC. the proportion of the youth populationD. the kinds of products that interest the youth9. Which of the following statements is true about the youth in Britain?A. Their dressing is dominated by a pattern of conformity.B. Their clothing is distinct from the other Europe youth"s.C. Tight trousers and precisely tailored clothes are their favorites.D. They are influenced by the conformity derived from the U.S.A.10. The author mentions the Paris and the Stockholm examples to illustrate ______.A. the prosperity of the youth marketB. the craziness of the fashion followersC. the unpredictable change of fashionD. the popularity of the fashion idolsTEXT CLogistically, it worked out best for me to fly east from Boston Logan to London Heathrow to Tokyo Narita, a trip which involves 26 hours of flight time and another 12 of waiting in airports. The time difference from Eastern Standard Time to Japan Time is 13 hours forward. I arrived at Logan at 3am, the 16th of June, and left Narita at 8am on the 18th. I"m afraid I wasn"t really in the best mental shape once I finally landed; my memories of processing through customs are sketchy reconstructions based on small flashes of recollection.What I remember most about that arrival is my luggage. Terry Pratchett and Neil Stephenson have both written amusingly about unwary travellers carrying too much baggage. I have to say that it"s a lot less amusing when it"s happening to you. I had imagined that the process on arrival would be like arrival at an American airport: I would pull the luggage off the conveyor and put it on a trolley, trundle it 100 yards, and load it into some sort of car. Accordingly, I didn"t really consider space or weight: I had two huge bags, each loaded to the 701b flight luggage limit. I had a giant cardboard box containing a full **puter system and two cubic yards of packing peanuts. I had another big box containing my bicycle. I was moving, after all, and this seemed a fairly minimal set of things to take for a stay of at least a year.The gentleman who **pany sent to greet me at the airport was cheerful about my situation. A lot of people who he met, he told me, had similar situations. There was a shipping office conveniently located within the airport which could freight whichever items weren"t immediately necessary to the apartment which would become mine. It didn"t matter that the larger box had gone squishy and organic, and was slowly leaking peanuts; the **panies were extremely talented here. In fact, he was very nice about everything—but he never once offered to help carry anything.I shipped off my cardboard boxes, but I hadn"t planned for a situation in which it would matter how much luggage I had, so necessary items were scattered between the two bags. We left for **pany guest house where I"d be staying: the cheerful semi-**pany man leading, and me following with 701b in each hand. We rode the train toward Chiba, with each of my bags taking up a pair of seats, and the two of us standing between them. We left the train station and started walking to the house. It wasn"t too far, he told me: less than two kilometers. We had the advantage of good weather, too: the temperature wasn"t expected to break 30 degrees, and the humidity was only 70.**pany man had it easy: he wasn"t carrying anything. As for me, I"ll just say that when you go to experience a foreign land, attempting a 2km walk while carrying 1401b of stuff in the first humidity of summer while exhausted is not the recommended starting point.It"s kind of funny, but I didn"t immediately feel like I was anywhere new. Yes, the roads were narrow, the people were Asian, and the writing was funny, but I"d seen each of those elements before. It wasn"t until the first time I went to get something to eat that I had a really profound understanding that I was in Japan. **pany man told me that I could survive eating prepackaged meals from convenience stores, and showed one to me on the way to the guest house. The first food 1 ate in that country was a strawberry cream sandwich. That sandwich provided my "not in Kansas anymore" moment; it took on a weird significance as my first step in participating in the widespread oddness that is Japanese culture.I slept for 14 hours that night, and woke up at 7am the next morning to a small earthquake. I was now in the Land of the Rising Sun, and those two elements had just cooperated to greet me. It felt good.1. The author found that he had only vague memories about ______.A. how he dealt with his luggageB. how he landed in Narita JapanC. how he passed through the customsD. how he got over the time difference2. The author would most probably describe the experience of unwary travelers with too much luggage other than himself as ______.A. interestingB. ridiculousC. painfulD. pleasing3. When the gentleman greeted the author, ______.A. he took the author"s luggage to the shipping officeB. he told the author he had never expected so much luggageC. he showed the author to the shipping officeD. he refused to help the author with his luggage4. The author didn"t ship off the two bags because ______.A. items in them were of higher valueB. items in them weren"t available in JapanC. they **paratively lighterD. they were of more immediate use5. The author finally realized he was in a foreign country when he ______.A. processed through customsB. ate his first meal in JapanC. got to the guesthouse on foot instead of by taxiD. came to narrow roads and Japanese peopleThe HMS Ontario is one of the most famous shipwrecks and was discovered by two Rochester engineers Jim Kennard, 64, who has spent more than half his life pursuing The HMS Ontario, along with Dan Scoville, 35, a shipwreck diver. They discovered The HMS Ontario deep off the southern shore of Lake Ontario when side-scanning sonar system that Mr. Kennard, a retired Kodak engineer, designed and built himself, showed a picture of something deep in Lake Ontario. The location of the shipwreck had been unknown for 228 years.Experienced shipwreck divers Jim Kennard and Dan Scoville have discovered seven of Lake Ontario"s estimated 500 shipwrecks in the last six years alone. Jim Kennard also designed a microwave-sized remote submersible that they deployed to go down and take the shipwreck"s video. The shipwreck is quite deep in Lake Ontario, so the remote machine with video was very useful."Right away we saw the quarter gallery, the windows in the stem, the cannons," said Jim Kennard. "There was no mistaking. That"s when we started getting excited." The discovery of the ship wreck was confirmed by the HMS Ontario expert Canadian Arthur Britton Smith, who authored the definitive book on the HMS Ontario.The loss of the HMS Ontario, is one of the worst-ever disasters recorded on Lake Ontario. In her time the HMS Ontario was the most-feared ship on the Great Lakes. It was 1780 and the Yankeeswere threatening to storm across Lake Ontario and seize Montreal from the British. But the intimidating 226-ton Ontario--22 cannons, two 80-foot masts, a beamy hull with cargo space for 1000 barrels, was intimidating. On Oct. 31, 1780, she sailed into a storm with around 120 passengers on board and was never seen again. The British tried to keep the news of the ship wreck hush.The HMS Ontario appears to be in perfect shape and the HMS Ontario has aged remarkably well though zebra mussels cover much of the woodwork. Leaning on a 45-degree angle, her masts still jut straight up from her decks where several guns lie upside-down and a brass bell, brass cleats and the stem lantern are perfectly visible. The Seven windows across her stem still have glass. Shipwrecks in cold freshwater are well preserved, that is why great lakes shipwrecks are prized. At 500 feet deep, where the HMS Ontario lies, there is no light and no oxygen to speed up the decomposition, and little marine life to feed on the wood.There was no evidence of the roughly 113 Canadian men, women, children and American prisoners who went down with the ship—the passengers—mostly Canadian soldiers from the 34th regiment—were never found. Nobody knows for sure how many passengers perished on the Ontario; the British kept their prisoner counts secret.Out of worries over looting, Mr. Jim Kennard and Mr. Dan Scoville are not revealing the HMS Ontario"s location. The vessel sits in water up to 500 feet deep and cannot be reached by anyone other than experienced divers. It is not believed to have any shipwreck treasure on it as was reported other than a few shipwreck coins that belonged to the passengers.Kennard said he and his partner have gathered enough ship wreck video of the ship that it will not be necessary to return to the site. He added that they hope to make a documentary about the discovery with the video of the shipwreck.The Great Lakes host many shipwreck locations and there are an estimated 4,700 shipwrecks in total, of which 500 are in Lake Ontario. Freshwater shipwrecks are famous for their preservation of the vessels and make popular diving spots.6. The two discoverers of the HMS Ontario saw its video ______.A. with the help of a scanning sonar systemB. with the help of a remote submersibleC. on an Ontario TV channelD. on a DVD about history7. The HMS Ontario was most probably a ______.A. cruise linerB. fishing boatC. war shipD. cargo ship8. Great Lakes shipwrecks are highly valued because ______.A. they are well protected against decompositionB. they need to be explored with high technologyC. they are of great use to the research of historyD. they have much well-preserved treasure on board9. What is NOT true about the HMS Ontario?A. No trace of human being has been found in the shipwreck.B. The passengers were evacuated before the ship sank.C. The ship used to belong to the British Navy.D. There was not much treasure on the ship.10. What will Jim and Dan do with the HMS Ontario shipwreck?A. They will take it to the surface when they get more financial fund.B. They will make it a popular diving spot.C. They will reveal the location of the ship when the video is released.D. They will leave the shipwreck where it is.11. Which paragraph is NOT about the finding of Jim and Dan?A. Paragraph 3.B. Paragraph 4.C. Paragraph 5.D. Paragraph 6.TEXT DThe 35-year-old Beijing woman is watching an ad showing a giant television made by the **pany Haler. A stream of introduction for the television floats in and out of view, including one about receiving electronic mail over the tube. A suffer tides the waves between skyscrapers, his wash leaving an "@" in the water. The ad is "too direct", she tells an interviewer. "There is this guy talking, telling me all about the product, showing me some images. We get it—but we don"t like it."Since a Shanghai television station aired China"s first TV commercial in 1979, most have been the plain, straightforward, tell-the-name-of-the-product-and-what-it-does kind. Those started disappearing in the U.S. in the late 1960s in favor of more subtle pitches using irony and humor. Now a study says **mercials don"t have to talk down to consumers anymore either—at least the one-third of them living in China"s prosperous cities, and who most interest advertisers.Even the Western agencies that win awards elsewhere for hip, **mercials usually keep it simple in China. After all this country only began flirting with capitalism 20 years ago and is fairly new to advertising. And to consumer culture, too. China is still a developing nation where an income of just $2,000 a year qualifies an urban household as middle-class. On the other hand, city people who once aspired to own the "big three"—a television, refrigerator and washing machine—have already moved up to DVD players and mobile phones. And with a population of 1.3 billion, the world"s largest, China is a huge market. That is why the world"s **panies, from Coca-Cola to Procter & Gamble, are battling it out in China. Advertisers spent more than $500 million dollars through the first half of the year, estimates market researcher, making China the largest advertising market in Asia after Japan.The prevailing view of many of those advertisers and their agencies is that the Chinese don"t yet get clever or subtle advertising and they prefer a straightforward ad with lots of information. But the April survey of almost 500 people in five China"s largest cities discovered "a savvy urban population, tired of a diet of "boring" ads and hungry to be treated as the sophisticated decision-makers they are." In short, the Chinese appreciation of what makes a good ad is no different from their counterparts anywhere else in the world.1. The 35-year-old woman was dissatisfied with the Haier ad because ______.A. there is too much misleading information about itB. its function is too similar to that of a computerC. its advertisement was too difficult to understandD. it has been advertised in a simple-minded way2. By saying that "**mercials don"t have to talk down to consumers", the author suggests that ______.A. the plain and straight-forward way of advertising should be abolishedB. it is not necessary to take up irony and humor in advertisementC. advertisers are more interested in how to attract the high-class citizensD. those disappearing in the U.S. may be just appropriate in China3. What can we learn about the consumer culture in China?A. It is not as complicated as that outside China.B. It has not been fully understood yet.C. Its influence on advertising is still limited.D. It is one of the most important products of capitalism.4. The author will agree that China"s middle-class households ______.A. are interested in inventive ads instead of simple onesB. earn less than the overseas middle-class householdsC. contribute most to China"s consumer marketD. no longer aspire to own the "the big three"5. The passage mainly intends to discuss ______.A. the most effective ways of advertising in ChinaB. the development of advertising styles in ChinaC. consumers" view on the ads in ChinaD. a misconception on the ads in ChinaSome products respond to consumers" needs; others, like Sony"s airboard, seek to create them. Like sending e-mails from the pool, or curling up in bed with your favorite sitcom. This futuristic **bines the functions of a television, a DVD player and the Internet into a portable tablet the size of a place mat. If it catches on, it could change the concept of being digital at home.At 1.5kg, the airboard is light enough to carry anywhere in the house, and can send and receive data wirelessly from a base station hooked up to home-entertainment equipment. A 10.4-inc. (26-cm) LCD screen delivers vivid moving images or can serve as a digital photo album, and a touch-panel display eliminates the need for a keyboard. Sony, which began selling the device in Japan late last year, praises it as the Walkman of the information age. "It is amazing," **pany president Kunitake Ando, who loftily describes the device as a gateway connecting the home to the outside world and eventually linking all appliances within. "The wireless environment will become **mon pretty soon."I tried out the airboard in my Tokyo apartment, and I have to admit: it"s way cool. First of all, airboarding is easy. I didn"t crack the instruction manual once to get the thing set up—and this is from someone who has trouble finding the "record" button on the VCR. Relaxing on my balcony, I could call up the airboard"s on-screen remote control and start playing video. By pressing another button, I could Net surf or check my e-mail account, while a split screen let me simultaneously watch my movie. The airboard"s base station—the size of a shoe box—doubles as a stand and battery charger. There is a slot for inserting a Sony memory stick, the gum-stick-sized cassette used to store photos and other digital files.But the airboard is not for everybody. At $1,065, it costs as much as a laptop but isn"t meant for **puting. Checking e-mail is easy, but a 56-kbps modem makes for pretty slow surfing. The touch panel is fine for sending quick messages, but pushing the on-screen buttons is tedious for anything。

2024届江苏省兴化中学高三高考综合演练（二）英语试题一、阅读理解King's College Summer School is an annual training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King's College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year's summer school will be from 25 July to 15 August.More information is as follows：1．Which of the following is TRUE about King's College Summer School?A．Only top students can take part in the program.B．King's College Summer School is run every other year.C．Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program.D．Only the teachers of King's College give courses.2．How much will you pay the school if you are to attend the program but live with your relatives in New York?A．＄200.B．＄400.C．＄500.D．＄900.3．What information can you get from the text?A．The program will last two months.B．You can write to Thompson only in English.C．As a Chinese student, you can send your application on 14 July, 2022.D．You can get in touch with the school by e­mail or by telephone.In high school I was very shy, content to hang around with my small group of friends and to concentrate on my courses. I was quickly labeled a "brain." I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.But in early June of senior year, the principal called me into his office. He asked me to give a speech at graduation. I was surprised to look at him, my heart thumping. This was the reward for my hard work? I murmured something and fled the office, blaming myself for staying away from physics, a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.I finally agreed to a compromise. I would share the honor with five other students. I agreed to introduce my friend Judy, who would then give her own, full-length speech.Graduation day soon arrived, I’d been practicing my speech for days, and I had it memorized. The first half hour of the ceremony passed in a blur, and then my moment came. My name was announced. I managed to reach the stage without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a little, but mostly it was clear and strong. But within seconds, I was done and heading back to my seat. I accomplished something I’d never dreamed of — I spoke in front of hundreds of people.Although I didn’t realize it at the time, the successful completion of that speech gave me the confidence to take part in class at college, to give oral reports, and to eventually break free of my shyness. I never would have chosen to give a speech at graduation — or ever. But I’m glad I did. Ino longer hesitate when I’m faced with the prospect of doing something I feared. I know it may very well turn out to be one of my shining moments.4．Why was the writer called a "brain"?A．She was the most intelligent student.B．She was the head of her small group.C．She was a bookworm all the time.D．She did more coursework for good grades.5．What can we learn from the second paragraph?A．She ruined her health by studying hard.B．She got the reward as was expected.C．She was grateful for giving a speech.D．She wasn't good at physics at school.6．How did the author feel at the beginning of the graduation speech?A．Excited.B．Moved.C．Scared.D．Embarrassed7．What did the speech bring to the author at last?A．She had nothing to fear in life,B．She won enough college credits.C．She got rid of her sense of shyness.D．She desired to become a speaker.On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log hall that time. All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.“Children are affected by the same time crunch that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing “free time” watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they’re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let’s face it, who’s got the time?8．What does the underlined phrase “the same time crunch” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Children have little time to play with their parents.B．Both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time.C．Children are not taken good care of by their working parents.D．Both parents and children have trouble managing their time.9．In the author’s opinion, a child develops better if .A．he has plenty of time reading and studying B．he is free to interact with his working parentsC．he is left to play with his peers in his own way D．he has more time participating in school activities10．What does the author worry about American kids?A．They are increasingly ignored by their working mothers.B．They are engaged in more and more structured activities.C．They are spending more and more time watching TV.D．They are involved less and less in household work.11．What can we conclude from the text?A．Extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligence.B．Most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children.C．Efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful.D．Most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off.Move over, helicopter parents. “Snowplow (扫雪机) parents” are the newest reflection of an intensive (强化的) parenting style that can include parents booking their adult children haircuts, texting their college kids to wake them up so they don’t sleep through a test, and even calling their kids’ employers.Helicopter parenting, the practice of wandering anxiously near one’s children, monitoring their every activity, is so 20th century. Some rich mothers and fathers now are more like snowplows: machines moving ahead, clearing any difficulties in their children’s path to success, so they don’t have to suffer failure, frustration (挫折) or lose opportunities.It starts early, when parents get on wait lists for excellent preschools before their babies are born and try to make sure their kids never do anything that may frustrate them. It gets more intense when school starts: running forgotten homework to school or calling a coach to request that their children make the team.Rich parents may have more time and money to devote to making sure their children don’t ever meet with failure, but it’s not only rich parents practicing snowplow parenting. This intensive parenting has become the most welcome way to raise children, regardless of income, education, or race.Yes, it’s a parent’s job to support the children, and to use their adult wisdom to prepare for the future when their children aren’t mature enough to do so. That’s why parents hide certain toys from babies to avoid getting angry or take away a teenager’s car keys until he finishes his college applications.But snowplow parents can take it too far, some experts say. If children have never faced a difficulty, what happens when they get into the real world?“Solving problems, taking risks and overcoming frustration are key life skills,” many child development experts say, “and if parents don’t let their children experience failure, the children don’t acquire them.”12．What do we know about snowplow parenting?A．It appeared before helicopter parenting.B．It costs parents less than helicopter parenting.C．It was a typical phenomenon of the 20th century.D．It provides more than enough services for children.13．What is mainly discussed about snowplow parenting in Paragraph 4?A．Its cost.B．Its benefits.C．Its popularity.D．Its ending. 14．Why does the author mention parents’ taking away car keys?A．To show teenagers are no better than babies.B．To advise teenagers not to treat their cars as toys.C．To advise parents not to buy cars for their teenagers.D．To show it’s appropriate to help children when necessary.15．What’s the possible result of snowplow parenting according to the experts?A．Children lacking problem-solving ability in reality.B．Children mastering more key life skills than parents.C．Children gaining great success in every aspect of life.D．Children meeting no problems or frustration after growing up.Capture spirit of youth“Youth is like the early spring，like the morning sun，like the budding flowers，like the sharp blade fresh off the grinding stone. Youth is the most valuable time of life. "Chen Duxiu，one of the founders of the Communist Party of China，once wrote the Spirit of Youth.16 During this time，habits and interests that will continue for the rest of your life are formed and developed--so it's important to get off to a good start.But what is the spirit of youth It's a time to begin the process of self-reliance and self-motivation. Sure，you might have parents and friends to help you. 17 It builds your character and makes you independent，a necessity to get through the challenges of life. No one can force you to get good grades or get the perfect job-those responsibilities are yours and yours alone. Only you can be the author of your own life.When times get tough，please be persevering. Train yourself to be strong. Tell yourself that you can summon（召唤）the will to overcome whatever obstacles come your way. Anything worth doing isn't easy. 18 In the end，conquering a difficult task is always worth it，and you canthank perseverance for guiding you there.Work hard. There's nothing better than relaxing at the end of a long day，knowing that you did all you could do for yourself，your family and friends，and your community. Be a person that others admire. Do the work that others won't and never complain. The process of working hard will teach you valuable lessons along the way；most importantly，it will teach you that failure is inevitable（不可避免的）but isn't something you should ever allow to hold you back. 19 Following these principles will surely bring success in school，work and life in general. Listen to the spirit of youth inside you and follow your instincts. 20A．Youth is a state of mind.B．Change your strategy and try again.C．It's best to learn that lesson early.D．Be self-reliant，persevere through hard times and always work hard to achieve your dreams. E．Dealing with obstacles is not that easy.F．Youth is a relatively brief period in a man's life.G．But ultimately，you must rely on yourself.二、完形填空Running for a dreamI will never forget that November day．It was hotter than normal．This was the 21 my father and I had waited so long for，22 we had been working towards this race for three years．Dozens of familiar faces from church and school flashed across my view．I saw worry and excitement on my father’s face．Then the race began!For the first two and a half miles，I felt 23 ．I had never before been so ready for something．The weeks leading up to the race were filled with controlled 24 and a strict diet．My friends hadn’t seen me in weeks，but they understood the 25 required to make my dream a reality．As in all of my races，I didn’t start out in the front，I loved the pleasure of 26 people as my strength overtook their premature(提早的)speed．Then without warning，my strength began to 27 ．Neck and neck with one of my greatest competitors，I could see the finish line．I had begun the final dash into 28 when myknees became weak and my legs gave way．Nothing I could do would make them 29 weight．I watched as runners rushed by me．Although I knew my dreams of victory were destroyed I had to finish the race．However，my legs hurt badly．With all of the 30 left in me,I got on my hands and knees and crawled(爬)，inch by inch，across the finish line．V oices，both 31 and familiar，cheered me on．They gave me the courage to keep 32 until the very end．On that point my eyes sought the crowd 33 the only one person I wanted to talked to，my father．I whispered，“I’m so sorry，Dad，I’m so sorry I 34 you．”He looked at me，saying，“You could never let me down．Sometimes these things just happen．All that 35 is that you did your best．”“But we worked so hard．What about our dream?”He reached over for my hand and said．“Don’t you know that you are my dream and it has come true?”What I realized from this，though，was that to him，I was the greatest prize he had ever won．21．A．dream B．weather C．result D．day22．A．so B．why C．because D．since 23．A．proud B．great C．nervous D．afraid 24．A．programs B．studies C．instructions D．practices 25．A．sacrifice B．potential C．patience D．attention 26．A．improving B．passing C．reminding D．replacing 27．A．decrease B．increase C．gathering D．restoring 28．A．relief B．spirit C．pleasure D．glory29．A．give B．feel C．hold D．add30．A．trust B．emotion C．strength D．confidence 31．A．1oud B．foreign C．soft D．firm 32．A．going B．running C．fighting D．training 33．A．into B．for C．from D．of 34．A．frightened B．disturbed C．disappointed D．bored 35．A．differs B．conflicts C．matters D．involves三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.You may often tell white lies (善意的谎言) to your child. “I've got Santa on the phone and he says he's not coming unless you go to bed now,” is particularly 36 (use) during the festive season, for example.It can seem like nothing: just another tool to improve your child's behaviour. But don't get too 37 (attach) to the technique—telling too many white lies to your child may have more far-reaching consequences than you might have hoped.To examine the impact of parental lying, researchers in Singapore gave 379 adults online 38 (questionnaire). The results suggested that those 39 parents had lied more were now more likely to lie to their own parents—by being lied to, in other words, it seemed they had started to believe that being dishonest 40 (be) morally acceptable.Additionally, if parents are constantly lying to their children, there may potentially be other underlying relational issues 41 (contribute) to problems in adolescence and adulthood. Yes, misleading children might not help their 42 (develop), but there may also be deeper problems that are responsible 43 their difficulty with attention or behaviour.So, next time you think about telling 44 you see as a harmless white lie to keep your child quiet or get them into bed, 45 (think) again. It may save you some time—but, in the long run, it's probably not worth it.四、完成句子46．玛丽发现丈夫躺在地上，于是她拨打了120。

专业英语四级（听写听力）-试卷142(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 DICTATION(总题数：4，分数：80.00)1.PART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.（分数：20.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：Gap Year A gap year is a period of time, usually an【T1】______year, when a student【T2】______from formal education. It is often spent【T3】______ or working. Taking a gap year between school and university is quite【T4】______in Britain. People used to think taking a gap year was【T5】______. But now, universities【T6】______encourage a gap year, and employers are happy to【T7】______students who take a gap year. A year out can give young people useful learning【T8】______, help them pick up new【T9】______and make them more【T10】______.Gap Year A gap year is a period of time, usually an【T1】______year, when a student【T2】______from formal education. It is often spent【T3】______ or working. Taking a gap year between school and university is quite【T4】______in Britain. People used to think taking a gap year was【T5】______. But now, universities【T6】______encourage a gap year, and employers are happy to【T7】______students who take a gap year. A year out can give young people useful learning【T8】______, help them pick up new【T9】______and make them more【T10】______.（分数：20.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：academic)解析：(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：takes a break)解析：(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：traveling)解析：(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：common)解析：(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：negative)解析：(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：positively)解析：(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）正确答案：(正确答案：recruit)解析：(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：experiences)解析：(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：skills)解析：(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：independent)解析：Summer for College Students College students spend their summers in many【T1】______ways. Many students【T2】______hard at summer jobs. They realize it can be difficult to【T3】______college classes and a job during the school year. Summer is a good time to【T4】______some money.【T5】______, swimming pools, stores and other businesses are always looking for hardworking students. Some students get jobs in the field they hope to【T6】______after college. The experience gives students a【T7】______of the world outside of college. Other college students【T8】______to take summer classes. Students usually do not take a【T9】______set of classes.【T10】______, they take just one or two.Summer for College Students College students spend their summers in many【T1】______ways. Many students【T2】______hard at summer jobs. They realize it can be difficult to【T3】______college classes and a job during the school year. Summer is a good time to【T4】______some money.【T5】______, swimming pools, stores and other businesses are always looking for hardworking students. Some students get jobs in the field they hope to【T6】______after college. The experience gives students a【T7】______of the world outside of college. Other college students【T8】______to take summer classes. Students usually do not take a【T9】______set of classes.【T10】______, they take just one or two.（分数：20.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：different)解析：(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：work)解析：(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：balance)解析：(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：save up)解析：(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）正确答案：(正确答案：Restaurants)解析：(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：enter)解析：(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：taste)解析：(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：choose)解析：(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：full)解析：(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Instead)解析：Enthusiasm for Pets Pets are an【T1】______part of many British families. Cats and dogs are the most【T2】______pets in Britain. People like to【T3】______with their pets. Nowadays some dog owners are more【T4】______. A few【T5】______even take their dogs shopping or to restaurants in their handbags. People are not just buying their pets the latest clothes and【T6】______. They are also【T7】______them holidays. Many UK hotels and holiday parks now welcome dogs as【T8】______. Dog owners can leave their pets at a dog hotel or dog【T9】______while they are【T10】______.Enthusiasm for Pets Pets are an【T1】______part of many British families. Cats and dogs are the most【T2】______pets in Britain. People like to【T3】______with their pets. Nowadays some dog owners are more【T4】______. A few【T5】______even take their dogs shopping or to restaurants in their handbags. People are not just buying their pets the latest clothes and【T6】______. They are also【T7】______them holidays. Many UK hotels and holiday parks now welcome dogs as【T8】______. Dog owners can leave their pets at a dog hotel or dog【T9】______while they are【T10】______.（分数：20.00）(1).【T1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：important)解析：(2).【T2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：favourite)解析：(3).【T3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：spend tim)解析：(4).【T4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：extreme)解析：(5).【T5】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：celebrities)解析：(6).【T6】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：accessories)解析：(7).【T7】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：giving)解析：(8).【T8】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：guests)解析：(9).【T9】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：spa)解析：(10).【T10】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：away)解析：。

GRE阅读考试资料During experiments at the Bimini Biological Research Station in the Bahamas， researchers Eric Stroud and Michael Hermann dropped a small mag in the water beside a shark。

The presence of the mag elicited a distinct reaction from the fish －－ they darted away from it。

Why the intense reaction？ The interaction of salt water and charged metals produces a weak electrical field。

When a shark es close to that field， the field seems to disrupt the sharks‘ special sixth sense，electroreception。

Many shark species have pores dotted around their snouts called ampullae of Lorenzinithat detect minute changes of electricity in the seawater， up to one－billionth of a volt。

These electrical impulses e from the tiniest muscle contractions of other aquatic life forms －－ or people －－ and are carried through the ions in the salt water。

2004年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试题2004 National English Contest for College Students(Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes, 30 points)Section A Dialogues (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialogue and the question will be read only once. After each question ,there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. In San Francisco. B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. In a post office.2. A. The woman is going out to lunch.B. The woman wants to eat some chocolate.C. The woman will go to a convenience store.D. The woman will be back in 30 minutes.3. A. By car. B. By plane.C. By train.D. By ferry.4. A. She had lost her job.B. She didn’t know the mayor.C. She was mistaken.D. The man misunderstood her.5. A. He needs some tomato juice.B. His shirt is stained.C. He needs his shirt by tomorrow.D. His shirt is missing.6. A. To a meeting. B. To the office.C. To a restaurant.D. To a bowling class.7. A. Give the woman some medicine.B. Find out more about the woman’s injury.C. Test the strength of the woman’s shoulder.D. Go skiing with the woman.8. A. Excited.B. Thankful.C. Somewhat disappointed.D. Somewhat bothered.9. A. When her family celebration is over.B. After the man graduates from school.C. After they have some pictures taken together.D. When she has bought her cap and gown.10. A. By continuous assessment.B. By giving a per cent.C. By giving grade.D. By means of exams.Section B News Items (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short pieces of news from BBC or VOA. After each news item and question,there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.11. A. Under the age of four.B. Under the age of five.C. Under the age of six.12. A. Beijing’s successful bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.B. The Organizing Committee of the 2008 Olympic Games.C. The large market of the Olymic brand.13. A. To keep the code for its Windows operating system a secret.B. To design some new computer software.C. To persuade more PC users to adopt the Windows operating system.14. A. One. B. Ten. C. Thirty.15. A. No. B. Yes. C. Not mentioned.16. A. More than 500 dollars.B. A little more than three dollars.C. Less than three dollars.17. A. Because the Iraqi economy has gradually risen after the war.B. Because Iraqi people trust the new dinar more.C. Both A and B.18. A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.19. A. Low fruit and vegetable intake.B. Smoking and little exercise.C. Unhealthy diet.20. A. The euro has risen in value.B. The US dollar has risen in value.C. German economy has slided into recession.Section C Passages (10 points)Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear 5 questions. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage One21. A. Jazz. B. Indian. C. Country. D. Pop.22. A. Their hairstyles. B. Their humor.C. Their clothing.D. All of the above.23. A. America. B. England.C. Italy.D. Canada.24. A. The Beatles were formed in England.B. The Beatles had a successful movie career.C. The Beatles are regarded as one of the finest jazz groups.D. The Beatles first recorded music in 1962.25. A. Seventeen. B. Twenty-eight.C. Twenty-two.D. Twelve.Passage Two26. A. Because he regarded the bear as his friend.B. Because the bear was beautiful.C. Because he considered it poor sportsmanship to shoot a tied-up animal.D. Because bears are not dangerous animals.27. A. Because Teddy is the nickname for Theodore Roosevelt.B. Because it was then the usual practice to do so.C. Because it was the first time to name toy bears Teddy Bears.D. Because the toy bear was made to look a bit like the President.28. A. People collect Teddy Bears.B. Teddy Bears can be found in museums.C. The first Teddy Bear was made by Mr. Mitchtom’s wife.D. President Roosevelt shot the black bear in 1902.29. A. Seven. B. Six. C. Two. D. Five.30. A. He moved to Florida.B. He became President.C. He drew cartoons.D. He started a toy company.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 20 points)Section A Multiple Choice (10 points)Directions:There are 7 incomplete sentences and 3 incomplete dialogues in this section. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences and dialogues. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. Never________the power of your actions. With one small gesture you can change a person’s life.A. underestimateB. overvalueC. misuseD. dismiss32. Scientists have warned that penguins in the Antarctic could be very________to changes in climate and could be threatened by any long-term temperature shifts.A. superstitiousB. acceptableC. suspiciousD. susceptible33. Since settling in Scotland I ________ golf as a hobby.A. have taken upB. took upC. have taken inD. took in34. She often thinks that her six years in Italy were wasted, ________she________ that time learning more Italian.A. but that; might have takenB. for that; should have foundC. in that; could have spentD. with that; would have used35. He constantly________his proposal that________of the budget surplus be used to offer a voluntary prescription drug benefit to seniors.A. views; manyB. reiterates; a partC. complains; a great amountD. thinks; lots36. ________Alan’s amazement, the passport office was closed when he arrived.A. WithB. ForC. ToD. Of37. I was asked the other day whether high and low pressure systems were________the central pressure.A. maintained toB. determined byC. generated withinD. preserved to38. Bob: What are you reading, Frank?Tom: It’s this week’s New Scientist, why?Bob: I was just wondering—________, but I’ve never actually read it myself. Is it aimed at real scientists or can ordinary people like me understand it?A. it’s for anyone reallyB. where I can buy itC. it seems very expensiveD. it looks interesting39. Girl: Hi Paul—looking forward to your holiday?Boy: Oh, yeah—it’s going to be great. Though I’m a bit worried that I’ve packed the wrong clothes. I don’t think the weather’s going to be as good as I hoped.Girl:________Boy: That’s right—my first flight.A. Everything will be OK, isn’t it?B. You’re flying on Saturday, aren’t you?C. It’s far from here, as everybody knows.D. That’s a good idea, anyway.40. John: What plastic products do you have in mind that are easy to recycle?Tom: Shampoo bottles, detergent bottles, medicine bottles, food containers, etc. They are all easily collectable and reusable.John: ________, but actually I think you are missing the point of recycling. It doesn’t just mean using old bottles again and again for the same purpose. What it means these days is melting the plastics down and building them upagain into some completely new product.A. Not too badB. Something is wrongC. You’re right thereD. It’s a new ideaSection B Cloze-Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Ask most people for thei r list of Top Ten fears, and you’ll be sure to find being burgled fairly high on the list. An informal survey I carried out among friends at a party last week (41)________that eight of them had their homes broken into more than twice, and two had been burgled five times.To put the record (42)________, none of my friends owns valuable paintings or a sideboard full of family silverware. Three of them are students, in fact. The most(43)________burglary, it seems, involves the theft of easily transportable items—the television, the video, even food from the freezer. This may have something to do with the fact that the average burglar is(44)________his (or her) late teens, and probably wouldn’t know what to do with a Picasso, (45)________selling a Walkman or a v acuum cleaner is a much easier matter. They are perhaps not so much (46)________criminals as hard-up young people who need a few pounds and some excitement. (47)________that this makes having your house turned upside down and your favourite things stolen any easier to accept. In most cases, the police have no luck (48)________any of the stolen goods. Unless there is any (49)________evidence, they are probably unable to do anything at all. And alarms or special locks don’t seem to help either. The only advic e my friends could (50)________up with was “Never live on the ground floor” and “Keep two or three very fierce dogs”.41. A. released B. revealed C. reclaimed D. redeemed42. A. straight B. clear C. apparent D. correct43. A. typical B. abnormal C. hazardous D. vicious44. A. near B. in C. beyond D. out of45. A. whereas B. whenever C. however D. once46. A. serious B. professional C. efficient D. perfect47. A. Given B. Even C. Not D. Despite48. A. seizing B. withdrawing C. seeking D. recovering49. A. distinguishable B. obscure C. outstanding D. definite50. A. come B. catch C. keep D. putPart III Word Guessing and IQ Test (5 minutes, 10 points)Section A Word Guessing (5 points)51. Social capital has become a mantra for politicians and policy makers: they see it as a bulwark against society’s ills and a means of multiplying the effects of financial investment in social projects.A. measurementB. defenseC. treatmentD. complaint52. Her desire for anonymity soon became apparent when she refused to answer questions about her identity.A. recognitionB. concealmentC. vanityD. success53. “Gentlemen,” replied Candide, with a most engaging modesty, “you do me much honor, but upon my word I have no money.”A. you help me a lotB. you are greatC. it’s very generous of you to say soD. that’s a great honor for me54. When it comes to listening to the opinions of members of your school community, do you think you are already “all ears?”A. in full strengthB. bearing ideas in mindC. ready to listen attentivelyD. having enough preparation55. That extremely indolent student will clean out his desk when pigs fly or I am much mistaken as to his character.A. soonB. neverC. sometimeD. oftenSection B IQ Test (5 points)56. Sally had a third again as many as David, who had a third as many again as Francis. Altogether they had 111. How many did David have?A. 27B. 32C. 36D. 4857. What letter should replace the question mark?A. TB. SC. ID. N58. BONA FIDE is to genuine as DE FACTO is to________.A. togetherB. actualC. reasonD. assumed59. How many revolutions must the largest cog make in order to bring the cogs back to their original positions?A. 56B. 48C. 36D. 1260. The diagram shows a small village church. There is a door in the west end, seen in the diagram. There is a tower at the east end of the church with a window set in its east wall. This wall is hidden in the diagram.There is also a door in the tower. Which of these is most likely to be the view of the eastern end of the church?Part IV Reading Comprehension (25 minutes,30 points)Directions:In this part there are 5 passages with 30 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully. Then answer the questions in the fewest possible words(not exceeding 10 words). Remember to rewrite the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 61 to 66 are based on the following passage:Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate ofdrying.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃ at entry to about 43℃ at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish.Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.Questions:61. Fruit is sun-dried generally on________.62. Why are sulphur fumes used before drying some fruits?63. Where are vegetables commonly dried nowadays?64. If soup requires recognizable pieces of meat, they are________.65. Dried foods are often used by________, ________and________.66. Why do housewives like dried foods?Questions 67 to 72 are based on the following passage:Hollywood writers honor Coppo la, “Splendor”Sunday, February 22, 2004 Posted: 9:56 AM EST (14:56 GMT)LOS ANGELES, California (Reuters) —Hollywood’s screenwriters Saturday snubbed the final installment of the highly acclaimed Lord of the Rings trilogy and instead awarded a key prize to a low-budget film based on a comic book writer.American Splendor, which revolves around thetravails of comics connoisseur Harvey Pekar, won theWriters Guild of America Award for best adaptedscreenplay, while writer / director Sofia Coppola’s Lost inTranslation, about a pair of mismatched Americanslanguishing inTokyo, nabbedthe trophy fororiginalscreenplay.TheAmericanSplendorscreenplay waswritten by thefilm’s directors,Robert Springerand ShariSpringer Berman, who were not present at the awards. The Writers Guild of America Awards were handed out simultaneously in Los Angeles and New York.Coppola said she was excited to be honored by the union.“I find it difficult to write, so it’s very encouraging and exciting to get an award,” C oppola told Reuters after the event.Coppola’s competition was Gurinder Chadha, Paul Mayeda Berges and Guljit Bindra for Bend It Like Beckham, Steven Knight for Dirty Pretty Things, Irish director Jim Sheridan and his daughters Naomi and Kirsten for In America, and first-time writer / director Tom McCarthy for The Station Agent.The other adapted screenplay nominees were director Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Anthony Minghella for Cold Mountain, Brian Helgeland for Mystic River, and writer / director Gary Ross for Seabiscuit.Coppola, Knight and the Sheridans will vie for the Academy Award next week, along with the writers of The Barbarian Invasions and Finding Nemo.Apart from Cold Mountain, all the Writers Guild of America adapted screenplay contenders will compete for the Oscar, along with the Brazilian drama City of God.In the last 12 years, eight of the Writers Guild of America adapted screenplay winners and seven of its original screenplay winners have gone on to Oscar glory.Lost in Translation has already picked up three Golden Globes—an Oscar bell-wether—including best screenplay. The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, which has 11 Oscar nominations, has collected four Golden Globes and prizes from Hollywood’s producers and directors guilds.Questions:67. What does American Splendor mainly write about?68. Sofia Coppola’s Lost in Translation won the Writers Guild of America Award for________.69. The Writers Guild of America Awards were offered at the same time in________and________.70. How did Coppola feel about her getting the award?71. List at least 3 movies that competed with Lost in Translation.72. How many Writers Guild of America screenplay winners have gone on to Oscar glory in the last 12 years?Questions 73 to 78 are based on the following passage:The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals and anaesthetics.In the early years of last century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable ofperforming almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life.The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in 20th century. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions,for example to certain types of birth defects in newborn babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life-saving operations for the octogenarian.The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations.Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye.One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few years ago, no person, except an indentical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually causing death. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of x-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals, though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved.“Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future. As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you,“Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.”Questions:73. Most people are afraid of being operated on in spite of________.74.A patient can still live a comfortable and satisfactory life even after the removal of________.75. Today deaths from most operations are about ________of what they were in 1910.76. What’s the main difficulty in organ transplanting?77. Is “spare parts” surgery possible now?78. You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it means________.Questions 79 to 84 are based on the following passage:Sales of anti-ageing skin treatments have reached a new high as British women try to stay younger longer (writes Joanna Bale). But according to a recent survey of those aged between 35 and 55 there are significant regional variations in annual spend on these cosmetics.While the average woman thinks costs of ￡200 a year acceptable—almost treble the ￡75 of three years ago—some fork out ￡500, according to the survey of over 2,000 women nationwide by the beauty company Olay.Brows will wrinkle at the differences in yearly spend on anti-ageing treatments across major cities: the ladies of Edinburgh spent least, just ￡50 a year, while those in Leeds spend most, at a staggering ￡500. London women most commonly spend ￡200 annually, and those in Manchester give themselves a modest yearly budget of ￡100.Equally surprising are the results among 40-somethings. Single women spend the least on indulging their desire for facial rejuvenation, with only 25 per cent forking out on skincare products or treatments. This figure rises to just over 31 per cent of married women and a similar figure for those who are unmarried with partners.By far the biggest spenders are the 50 per cent of divorcees who feel the pressure to invest heavily in their facial futures.The survey highlighted two groups who spend significant sums on enhancing their appearances—“Sindies” (single income now divorced), and women in their 40s who use their looks to get ahead.The survey also found that although women wanted to “de-age” they had a holistic view of beauty and embraced a realistic and natural approach to looking good.Questions:79. Compared with that of three years ago, the average British woman’s annual spend on cosmetics hasalmost________.80. Women in________spend most on cosmetics according to the survey.81. The ladies of Birmingham as well as those in ________spend ￡100 a year on antiageing treatments.82. ________and________spend more on indulging their desire for facial rejuvenation than single women.83. Enhancing appearances plays an important role in the life of________and________.84. After reading the passage, what do you learn about the sales of anti-ageing skin treatments now in Britain?Questions 85 to 90 are based on the following passage:It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place” a new acquaintance, however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.In ancient civilizations, the Sumerian, for example,social differences were based on birth,status or rank,rather than on wealth. Four main classes were recognized. These were the rulers, the priestly administrators, the freemen (such as craftsmen,merchants or farmers) and the slaves.In Greece, after the sixth-century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats, and a gradual decrea se in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens,for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the “metics”, who were freemen, though they too were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of “citizens”, who were themselves divided into subclasses.In ancient Rome, too, a similar struggle between the plebs, or working people, and the landed families was a recurrent feature of social life.The medieval feudal system, which flourished in Europe from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries, gave rise to a comparatively simple system based on birth.Under the king there were two main classes—lords and “vassals”, the latter with many subdivisions. The vassal owed the lord fidelity, obedience and aid, especially in the form of military service. The lord in return owed his vassal protection and an assured livelihood.In the later Middle Ages, however, the development of a money economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the “burghers” or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.Questions:85. List at least three common criteria for tel ling a person’s social position.86. What were the four main classes in the Sumerian civilization?87. Slaves in Greece in the sixth century B.C. were not________significant.88. The struggle between the plebs and the landed families was a________feature of social life.89. The metics,one of the three classes of Greece, consisted mainly of________.90. What did the development of a money economyand the growth of cities and trade lead to?Part V Error Correction (5 minutes,10 points)Directions:The following passage contains 9 errors. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage on the Answer Sheet and correct it in the following way:EXAMPLEOne night,quite late,I was still awake in the room I am shared with 1. ammy husband. I was lying on my right side and can hear a child crying. 2. couldGetting up,I went ∧ see if our son was all right. 3. toHe was sleeping soundly,breathing deeply and gently. 4. √If the air in New York seems a little less grimy this spring, thank Rudolph Giuliani. On January 10th, after months of burning debate, the city’s non-smoke mayor91.________signed the Smoke-Free Air Act. From April 10th smoking will be stubbed out(碾灭) in restaurants catering for more than 35 people, a move that will hit about half the city’s 11,000 eating places. Nicotine addicts will also smoked out at work, except92.________in ventilated smoking rooms or offices occupied by no more than three consenting adults. More radically, outdoor seating areas will also become smoke zones.93.________Come the new baseball season, fans at Yankee Stadium will be breaking the law if they light up.New York joins well over 100 American cities—and four states—that have passed laws banned smoking94.________in public places. More than a third of American companies now forbid smoking in the workplace, up to95.________a mere 20% in 1986. And the tobacco industry, which in America alone has annual sales of close to ＄50 billion, is watching its profits go down in smoke.96.________The industry may never recover. Polls suggest that nine out of ten Americans are irritated by cigarette smoke. With good reason. In 1993 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified97.________“second-hand” smoke as a health hazard—one that,according to the EPA, causes 3,000 non-smokers to die from lung cancer each year.98.________New Yorkers must now wait and see if the pro-smoking lobby’s alarming predictions of citywide economical collapse come true. Tobacco99.________company Philip Morris may show the way. Last year it threatened to move its 2,000 head-office employee out 100.________of the city if the smoking ban became law.Part VI Translation (10 minutes, 20 points)Section A English-Chinese Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese on the Answer Sheet.What is a brand anyway? A brand isn’t just a logo on a shirt or an ice-cream van. It’s much more than that. To be successful a brand has to have rational characteristics—(101)ie, it has to be competitive on price or quality or service, and it has to have a “personality” that charms and seduces.It is a mix of emotional factors,such as “Do I like it?” and “Is it me?” and rational factors such as,“Is it cheaper or better or quicker?”(102)Getting things in balance is tricky,and that’s why so many brands don’t succeed.Just let’s look at all the ways brands can fail. Brands are vulnerable to fashion. Fizzy drinks such as Coke and Pepsi are now being attacked by stimulation drinks such as Red Bull. Fast food brands are threatened by salads and other “lite” foods. McDonald’s has recently been in real trouble.Brands are also vulnerable because they get cocky,arrogant and out of touch. They think the y know best and don’t change with the market—like the Gap, Levi’s and Marks & Spencer brands who learnt their lesson the hard way.(103)In fact, even the people who create brands can’t really control them or even predict how people will use them. Not one single mobile phone company anywhere in the world anticipated the growth of texting.The companies involved in the new 3G phone technology are still holding their breath because they don’t know whether it will take off or not. And if it does take off, they won’t know how and in what direction until the market tells them. It’s a huge gamble.Range Rover was the first Sport Utility Vehicle, but Land Rover never completely understood the concept that it had inspired. Range Rover has spent much of its life span trying to catch up with the trend that it serendipitously created. (104)Organic foods。

小学下册英语第三单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The __________ (历史的启发性思维) promote exploration.2.What is the capital of South Africa?A. Cape TownB. PretoriaC. JohannesburgD. BloemfonteinB3.I have a _____ (玩具飞机) that flies high.4.What is the primary color of a raspberry?A. BlueB. RedC. GreenD. Yellow5.What is the name of the fairy tale character who had long hair?A. RapunzelB. CinderellaC. Snow WhiteD. Sleeping BeautyA6.Which fruit is known for being very sour?A. BananaB. AppleC. LemonD. GrapeC7.My _____ (外公) always tells interesting stories about his travels. 我外公总是讲述他旅行的有趣故事。

8.My sister is a _____ (美术家) who loves to paint.9.What is the main purpose of a bank?A. To lend moneyB. To provide medical careC. To teach educationD. To offer entertainmentA10.My brother is a ______. He enjoys leading group activities.11.My brother enjoys playing __________ (棋类游戏) with me.12.Which animal is famous for its ability to fly?A. FishB. BirdC. FrogD. SnakeB13.The capital of Argentina is __________.14.The car is ___ fast. (going)15.The chocolate is _____ (sweet/sour).16.The puppy is ___ with a toy. (playing)17.The ________ (lobster) is a type of seafood.18.What do we call a series of mountains?A. RangeB. HillC. ValleyD. PlateauA19.The element with atomic number is __________.20.I can ______ (保持) a positive outlook in life.21.The ________ (果蔬) are healthy snacks.22.In my garden, I have many _______ (植物). They are colorful and very _______ (形容词).23. A beetle has a hard ______.24.The capital of the Philippines is __________.25.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Italy?A. PompeiiB. RomeC. VeniceD. FlorenceC Venice26.The capital of Russia is __________.27.What do you call the person who plays a musical instrument?A. ArtistB. MusicianC. PerformerD. ComposerB28.I can create my own characters with my ________ (玩具名称).29.The ability of a substance to dissolve in water is called ________.30.The clock is ___. (ticking)31.She likes to _____ (read/play) in the park.32.My favorite game is _______ (我最喜欢的游戏是_______).33.I enjoy ______ in the sunshine. (playing)34.She is _______ (playing) with dolls.35.What is the capital of Burundi?A. GitegaB. BujumburaC. NgoziD. MuyingaA36.The antelope runs swiftly from danger in the ____.37.The __________ (自然探索) encourages curiosity.38.We have a ______ (精彩的) student exhibition each year.39.What do we call the process of taking in food and nutrients?A. DigestionB. IngestionC. AbsorptionD. MetabolismB40.The bird is singing a ______ (happy) song.41.The ________ likes to play in the wind.42.I saw a _____ (小猫) playing with a piece of string.43.We visit our __________ on holidays.44.The turtle is _____ in the pond. (swimming)45.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. FlourC. YeastD. WaterB46.The __________ is a large area of coral reefs.47.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "I Will Always Love You"?A. Mariah CareyB. Toni BraxtonC. Whitney HoustonD. BeyoncéC48.The ________ is known as the birthplace of democracy.49.The __________ (历史的研究领域) continues to grow.50.What do we call the phenomenon of water changing into steam?A. FreezingB. MeltingC. EvaporationD. CondensationC51.The ________ was a major event in the history of England.52.I enjoy _______ (听故事).53.What is the largest organ in the human body?A. HeartB. SkinC. BrainD. Lungs54.I like to go ______ (远足) in the mountains during the summer.55.The _______ is the part of the atom that determines its chemical properties.56.What is the primary color that mixes with red to create brown?A. YellowB. BlueC. OrangeD. GreenA57.What is the name of the famous American singer known for her powerful voice?A. AdeleB. Whitney HoustonC. Mariah CareyD. BeyoncéB58.The capital of Saint Vincent is __________.59.The capital of Saba is __________.60.Mountains separate Europe from ________ (乌拉尔山脉将欧洲与________分开). The Viki61.What do you call the festival celebrated in October?A. ChristmasB. HalloweenC. EasterD. Thanksgiving62.What is the name of the famous palace in Paris?A. Buckingham PalaceB. VersaillesC. LouvreD. NeuschwansteinB63.The __________ is a famous archaeological site in Greece. (雅典卫城)64.The ancient Egyptians built temples to honor their ________ (神灵).65.The dog loves to bark at the ______.66.What do we call the process of converting sunlight into energy in plants?A. DigestionB. PhotosynthesisC. GerminationD. RespirationB67.Which sound does a dog make?A. MeowB. MooC. BarkD. QuackC68.The invention of the compass aided in _____ exploration.69.The _____ (环境保护) is crucial for future generations.70.What do you call the first month of the year?A. FebruaryB. MarchC. JanuaryD. DecemberC71.What is the largest continent on Earth?A. AfricaB. AsiaC. EuropeD. North America72.I found a _______ (小虫) crawling on the ground.73.She has a ___ (happy/sad) look.74. A ____(pollutant) harms the environment.75.Look at that _____ (小马) running in the field!76.Which sport involves kicking a ball into a goal?A. BasketballB. SoccerC. TennisD. BaseballB77.What do you call a person who collects stamps?A. PhilatelistB. NumismatistC. CollectorD. ArchivistA78.Which animal can fly?A. FishB. DogC. BirdD. CatC79.The garden is _______ (full) of colors.80.What do you call the time when it is light outside?A. DayB. NightC. DuskD. DawnA81.I want to visit the ________.82.What is the name of the famous mountain in South America?A. KilimanjaroB. AconcaguaC. DenaliD. Mount Elbert83.The ______ (空气湿度) affects plant health.84.The ________ was a significant moment in the fight for equality.85.The chemical symbol for carbon is ____.86.The flowers are ___. (beautiful)87.The goat's milk is nutritious and commonly used in ________________ (奶制品).88.We eat _____ (fruit/vegetables) for lunch.89.What is the name of the large flightless bird native to Australia?A. PenguinB. OstrichC. EmuD. KiwiC90.How many hours are there in a day?A. 12B. 24C. 36D. 4891.What do you call the person who writes books?A. AuthorB. EditorC. PublisherD. ReaderA92. (93) is known for its cultural diversity. The ____93.The ________ (sandwich) is very tasty.94. A rabbit's fur can be very ______ (温暖).95.I enjoy picking _____ (野花) in the fields.96.What is the main ingredient in pancake batter?A. FlourB. SugarC. SaltD. Baking PowderA97.Which fruit is yellow and sour?A. AppleB. LemonC. OrangeD. Cherry98. A __________ is essential for sustaining plant life.99.The _____ (computer/tablet) is useful.100.The __________ includes landforms such as valleys and plains.。