答案及解析

态度考试试题及答案解析一、单选题（本大题25小题．每题1.0分，共25.0分。

请从以下每一道考题下面备选答案中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。

）第1题“某个人工作能力低，但他经常抱怨同事和领导，他的这种负性态度实际上是在掩盖真正的原因”，这种现象体现出的是态度的( )功能。

A 效用B 认知C 自我防御D 价值表达【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 态度主要有以下几种功能：效用功能、认知功能、自我防御功能以及价值表达功能。

态度的自我防御功能能够使人倾向于选择有利于自我防御的态度，弗洛伊德提出的各种心理防御机制在本质上都是自我防御的态度。

通过防御机制，人们能应付情绪冲突和保护自尊。

第2题在态度的ABC模式中，B是指( )。

A 认知B 情感C 行为D 行为倾向【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 态度包括三个成分：①认知成分。

个体对态度对象的知觉、理解、判断与评价。

②情感成分。

个体在评价基础上对态度对象产生的情感反应和情感体验。

③行为倾向成分。

个体对态度对象以某种方式行动的倾向。

以上三种成分的英语词首分别为C(认知)、 A(情感)、B(行为倾向)，因而对态度的三种成分也有人称其为态度的ABC模式。

第3题对畏惧与态度转变的研究表明，( )能达到较好的说服效果。

A 低程度畏惧B 中等程度畏惧C 高程度畏惧D 任何程度畏惧【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 在大多数情况下，畏惧的唤起能增强说服效果。

但是，如果畏惧太强烈，引起接受者的心理防御以至否定畏惧本身，结果会使态度转变较少。

研究发现，中等强度的畏惧信息能达到较好的说服效果。

第4题一个人的对人、对己、对事、对物的态度是( )。

A 与生俱来的B 在先天因素基础上形成的C 是实践锻炼的结果D 通过学习而形成的【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 态度是通过后天学习形成的，不是天生的。

老年社会工作考试试题及答案解析一、单选题（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

请从以下每一道考题下面备选答案中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。

）第1题国外学者伊丽莎白·库布勒·罗斯总结了个人在接受自己不可避免的死亡或他人的死亡时会经历的心路历程，其中不包括( )。

A 否认期B 愤怒期C 讨价还价期D 抑郁期E 逃离期【正确答案】：E【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[提示] 国外学者伊丽莎白·库布勒·罗斯总结了个人在接受自己不可避免的死亡或他人的死亡时会经历一个由否认期——愤怒期——讨价还价期——抑郁期——接受期组成的心路历程。

所以选E。

第2题老年个案工作的特点不包括( )。

A 在接案阶段，很重要的一点是与老人进行良好的沟通B 在介入阶段要定期追踪进展情况C 在制订计划阶段要充分吸收老人参与D 在预估阶段要特别注意老人身体、心理、社会方面的功能状况E 因为老年人的判断力有限，工作者可以代替老年人做决定【正确答案】：E【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[提示] 老年个案工作的特点包括：在接案阶段，很重要的一点是与老人进行良好的沟通；在预估阶段要特别注意老人身体、心理、社会方面的功能状况；在制订计划阶段要充分吸收老人参与，即便是身体孱弱的老人，也希望能尽量掌控自己的事情；在介入阶段要定期追踪进展情况；在评估阶段要重视老人的主观评价。

所以选E。

第3题老年期是疾病多发期，( )是老年人最为关注和渴望满足的需要。

A 经济保障B 就业休闲C 健康维护D 居家安全E 婚姻家庭【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[提示] 老年期是疾病多发期，健康维护是老年人最为关注和渴望满足的需要。

所以选C。

第4题在下列老人服务中，( )往往是老人最后选择的服务方式。

A 生活自理B 居家养老C 机构照顾D 社区照顾E 生活照顾小组【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[提示] 在所有老人服务中，机构照顾往往是老人最后选择的服务方式，所以选C。

一、言语理解1、依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是( )。

“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。

”人类的美好理想，都不可能_____，都离不开_____、_____的艰苦奋斗。

A、一蹴而就百废待兴不屈不挠B、唾手可得筚路蓝缕手胼足胝C、易如反掌一穷二白卓尔不凡D、一步登天峰回路转坚忍不拔【答案】B【解析】“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来”比喻人们的美好愿望，不可能很容易或者很快实现，因此第一空填入“一蹴而就”或“唾手可得”比较合适。

第二空和第三空需要对应“艰苦奋斗”，“百废待兴”指各种被废置的或该办未办的事业都等待兴办，用在此处显然不恰当，因此排除A项。

B项的“筚路蓝缕”形容创业的艰苦；“手胼足胝”指手掌足底生满老茧，形容经常辛勤地劳动。

故正确答案为B2、最新研究发现，脑内一种名为SIRT1的基因，会在人的丘脑部位指导合成相应的蛋白质。

SIRT1基因会随年龄增长而弱化，它指导合成的蛋白质也逐渐减少。

因此研究人员推测该基因会导致中年发福。

上述论述的成立，必须基于以下哪项前提？( )A、丘脑与控制体重有关，丘脑中相应的蛋白质合成得越多，越能有效遏制体重的上升B、年龄越大的人，SIRT1基因突变的概率越高，突变会使该基因逐渐失去指导蛋白质合成的功能C、已有动物实验显示，人为增强SIRT1基因的功能可以减少实验对象的食欲，同时增加热量消耗D、SIRT1基因存在于许多组织器官中，只有存在于丘脑中的基因才能影响机体蛋白质的合成【答案】A【解析】本题论点：该基因会导致中年发福。

论据是随着年龄的增长，SIRT1基因指导合成的蛋白质逐渐减少。

论据的“蛋白质减少”与论点的“发福”之间并未建立联系，A项指出蛋白质合成得越多，越能有效遏制体重的上升，在论据和论点之间建立了联系，故A项为题干结论成立必需的前提。

B项并未说明该基因与体重的关系，为无关选项，排除。

C项给出了一个动物实验，说明SIRT1基因对实验对象的影响，但并不能说明这种基因对人也有同样的效果，同时该项并未直接说明基因与体重的关系(“减少实验对象的食欲，同时增加热量消耗”不等同于“体重减少”)，故并非题干必需的前提，排除。

清欢①一千年前，苏东坡被贬黄州，曾与友人共游南山。

友人以山中野菜招待，对此东坡诗兴大发：“人间有味是清欢。

”想那苏东坡，虽然后半生颠沛流离，屡遭贬谪，但他不以物喜，不以己悲，一生追求清欢的人生真味，的确是把握住了人生的真谛，②清欢，是清淡的欢快、清雅的欢愉，是“野渡无人舟自横”的悠闲自在、“行到水穷处，坐看云起时”的超然洒脱。

清欢更是一种至高的人生态度和精神境界。

③日本学者写了一本《清贫思想》，他建议人们采取清贫的生活方式，淡化对名利、地位、权力的追逐，追求一种内心丰盈美好的恬淡生活。

美国人普兰特的《简单生活》认为，简单生活是“表现真实自我的有明确意义的生活”，是“丰富、健康、和谐的生活”。

清贫思想也好，简单生活也罢，提倡的都是清欢。

④其实，中国人对清欢的提倡由来已久。

早在两千多年前，孔子就对弟子颜回赞不绝口：“贤哉，回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐，贤哉，回也！”面对困境，别人难以忍受，颜回却乐此不疲，欢而不改，这需要多高的境界、多深的修养呀。

孔子对“在陋巷”却“不改其乐”的颜回连叹“贤哉”，这是老师对学生的高度评价，也是古代圣贤对清欢精神的高度肯定。

⑤人生苦短，生活的表象多姿多彩，其内涵却纷繁复杂。

只要尽心尽力担负起自己的责任，做好自己该做的事情，就全然不必为烦琐之事烦恼。

将自己的脚步放慢一点，放轻一点，过一种简朴的生活，享受一下世间原有的简单和纯真，追求精神上的愉悦，这样的快乐是永久的快乐。

⑥但是，在这纷纷扰扰的世界里，不是所有的人都能经得起名利的诱惑，鸡鸣狗盗者有之，蝇营狗苟者有之，蚕食鲸吞者有之。

结果如何呢？这些追名逐利者或惶惶不可终日，或“反误了卿卿性命”，君不见有多少“苍蝇”落地，又有多少“老虎”进笼？他们的人生何乐之有？⑦提倡清欢，并不是倡导“穷欢”，不是要我们走进深山老林，拒食人间烟火；崇尚清欢，也不是推崇“清闲”，不是要我们碌碌无为，得过且过。

追求清欢，要不为世俗所困，不为名利所惑；要不断丰富自己的精神世界，勇于承担自己的责任。

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国乙卷)英语学科第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B. £9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。

1.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In the book store.B. In the register office.C. In the dorm building.2.What is the weather like now?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C. Rainy.3.What does the man want to do on the weekend?A.Do some gardening.B. Have a barbecue.C. Go fishing.4.What are the speakers talking about?A.A new office.B. A change of their jobs.C. A former colleague.5.What do we know about Andrew?A.He’s optimistic.B. He’s active.C. He’s shy.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。

1、“真诚是人与人交流的一把钥匙”，你如何理解这句话答：人与人之间最宝贵的就是真诚和尊重。

不管人与人之间地位有多悬殊，人与人之间财富差异有多大，从本质讲，人与人是平等的。

所以沟通过程中，最宝贵的就是真诚，尊重。

周恩来总理和时传祥握手，胡锦涛主席怀抱地震灾区的孩子，这些表达的就是真诚和尊重。

人与人之间会因为地位、财富、工作、知识等等的不同而形成等级不对等，但是真诚和尊重是最起码的做人准则。

所以在沟通的过程中，不管怎样的谈话方式，不管怎样的谈话策略，哪怕是工作上的谈判，生活中的解决纠纷，真诚和尊重是必不可少的。

所以人与人之间沟通，等级不是最主要的，最主要的是彼此真诚和尊重。

我在生活中，不管是和上级领导沟通，还是和同事沟通，最起码的原则就是真诚和尊重。

我尊重上级领导的决定，在沟通的过程中即使有异议的地方我也会在尊重领导的前提下说出我自己的看法，和上级领导协商。

如果领导认为是正确的，我会更加努力，如果领导认为我是错的，我会尊重领导的决定，积极改正，踏实工作。

在和同事沟通的过程中，我尊重同事，拿出我的真诚。

我相信人与人是交心的，只要你真诚的付出，就会有真诚的对待。

所以只有在最基本的沟通原则下，才能谈到更好的沟通方式问题。

生活中沟通是时时刻刻发生着的行为，人与人不管是肢体语言还是动作的表达，都是沟通的一部分。

所以只要你学会尊重对方，学会用你的真诚去沟通，配以良好的方式，你的沟通结果会是美好的，是成功的。

2、如何接电话答：（一）如果是电话通知，在接电话的时候，要根据来电显示核实对方身份，并认真记录紧急通知的内容要点、注意事项等内容，最后要询问对方的姓名、联系方式；如果是传真通知，收传真时要检查对方传真号码，检查传真件上是否盖有公章，如没有盖公章应与上级部门电话联系核实通知内容是否属实，同时注意保存传真原件。

（二）将此事迅速向分管领导汇报，如果此事不属于自己工作职责范围，由领导交办给相关科室处理。

如果此事刚好是自己工作职责范围，请示领导后，按突发事件新闻舆论处理流程处理，通常需要根据上级通知要求，事先拟定好新闻通稿，以便统一对外宣传口径。

英语阅读理解专项习题及答案解析及解析一、阅读理解1．根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

ASome people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here are some suggestions for you to bridge generation gap（代沟）.Don't argue with your parents. Don't get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them You can't express（表达）yourself well if you are angry. Go to some place to cool off. Make sure you understand why youare unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.Try to reach a compromise （和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree（有分歧） on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a car. They argued over it, but finally they came to a compromise. Michael bought the car, but only drove it on certain days.Of course your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect （尊敬） to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try.（1）From the passage we know_______ have a communication problem.A. parents and children of all agesB. children and other peopleC. parents and their school childrenD. teachers and their students（2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap?A. 5B. 4C. 3D. 2（3）The underlined phrase "cool off" in the passage means_______.A. make yourself happyB. make yourself quiet and relaxedC. become angryD. go away（4）If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you'd better_______.A. argue with themB. keep away from themC. agree with them all the timeD. tell your parents what you care about（5）The best title for the passage is_______.A. How to Bridge the Generation GapB. How to Deal with Family ProblemsC. How to Be Good ParentsD. How to Be a Good Child【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）D（5）A【解析】【分析】父子之间有代沟，主要原因就是缺少沟通，当我们彼此了解了对方的观点和想法以后，就能很容易的理解对方，从而消除代沟。

2017浙江丽水中考第一个告诉你下雪的人杨慧①有没有人告诉你，下雪了？②大片大片的雪花，像白色的羽毛从天空飘然落下，霎时间，山峦、田野、村庄、小路都陷入白色的忧郁。

③可是对于孩子，这白色永远是快乐的。

那是一场罕见的大雪，一夜之间就把村庄包装成了童话世界。

童话世界里怎么少得了我们这些可爱的小精灵呢！④清晨起来，房门已经被大雪封住了，母亲正拿着一把小铁楸从门缝处一点一点把雪挖开，慢慢开辟出一条小路来。

我和妹妹也陆续穿好了棉袄棉鞋，戴上了帽子手套，跑到院子里和母亲一起“扫雪”，那是最愉悦的劳动。

与其说是在帮母亲，不如说是在给母亲添乱，母亲前脚刚扫出来的小道，我们打闹着，又把雪扬的到处都是。

可是母亲并不恼，笑呵呵地看着我们，任凭我们在纯洁的雪里“胡作非为”。

⑤树上、房顶、鸡舍、草棚，闪着亮晶晶的银光，在与红日的交相辉映中分外妖娆。

⑥妹妹欢快地跳着，和我一起堆雪人。

我们用瓶盖做眼睛，用红辣椒做鼻子，而我总怕小雪人会冷，心疼地把自己脖子上的红围巾摘下来给它围上。

一会儿，我们的新伙伴就伫立在庭院里，真是可爱极了！这时，母亲已经做好了早饭，开个门缝对着我们高喊：“吃饭啦……吃饭啦……”我和妹妹好像都没有听见，磨磨蹭蹭谁也不愿意回屋。

广阔苍穹，母亲是见证这份快乐的唯一观众，望着她的两个白雪公主，母亲的微笑是甜的。

⑦洁白的雪花舞动着我童年的快乐，也翩飞着我少年的轻狂。

初三那年寒假，我和同学们约好去县城的书店买些参考书，早上临出门时母亲就叮嘱我穿那件厚一点的棉衣，可是少女的我是爱美的，怎么能把自己变成臃肿的面包？没想到从县城回来时就下起了大雪，汽车晚点了两个多小时，当我背着书包又冷又饿走回家时，看见母亲像一座白色的雕像立在门口，睫毛上沾满了霜白，每眨一下眼睛似乎都能发出吧嗒吧嗒的声响。

那天我吃饱喝足就有了精神，母亲却病倒了，高烧40℃．至今我都不知道母亲那天在家门口迎着风雪，望着我回来的方向究竟站了多久。

⑧多年以后，我也成为了一位母亲。

2023年辽宁省高考数学真题及参考答案一、选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.在复平面内，()()13i 3i +-对应的点位于（）．A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限2.设集合{}0,A a =-，{}1,2,22B a a =--，若A B ⊆，则=a （）．A.2B.1C.23D.1-3.某学校为了解学生参加体育运动的情况，用比例分配的分层随机抽样方法作抽样调查，拟从初中部和高中部两层共抽取60名学生，已知该校初中部和高中部分别有400名和200名学生，则不同的抽样结果共有（）．A .4515400200C C ⋅种B.2040400200C C ⋅种C .3030400200C C ⋅种D.4020400200C C ⋅种4.若()()21ln 21x f x x a x -=++为偶函数，则=a （）．A.1- B.0C.12D.15.已知椭圆22:13x C y +=的左、右焦点分别为1F ，2F ，直线y x m =+与C 交于A ，B两点，若1F AB △ 面积是2F AB △ 面积的2倍，则m =（）．A.23B.3C.23-D.23-6.已知函数()e ln xf x a x =-在区间()1,2上单调递增，则a 的最小值为（）．A.2e B.eC.1e -D.2e -7.已知α为锐角，15cos 4α+=，则sin 2α=（）．A.358B.158- C.354- D.154-+8.记n S 为等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和，若45S =-，6221S S =，则8S =（）．A.120B.85C.85- D.120-二、选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得5分，部分选对的得2分，有选错的得0分。

9.已知圆锥的顶点为P ，底面圆心为O ，AB 为底面直径，120APB ∠=︒，2PA =，点C 在底面圆周上，且二面角P AC O --为45°，则（）．A.该圆锥的体积为πB.该圆锥的侧面积为C.AC =D.PAC △的10.设O 为坐标原点，直线)1y x =-过抛物线()2:20C y px p =>的焦点，且与C 交于M ，N 两点，l 为C 的准线，则（）．A.2p = B.83MN =C.以MN 为直径的圆与l 相切 D.OMN 为等腰三角形11.若函数()()2ln 0b cf x a x a x x =++≠既有极大值也有极小值，则（）．A.0bc > B.0ab > C.280b ac +> D.0ac <12.在信道内传输0，1信号，信号的传输相互独立．发送0时，收到1的概率为(01)αα<<，收到0的概率为1α-；发送1时，收到0的概率为(01)ββ<<，收到1的概率为1β-.考虑两种传输方案：单次传输和三次传输．单次传输是指每个信号只发送1次，三次传输是指每个信号重复发送3次．收到的信号需要译码，译码规则如下：单次传输时，收到的信号即为译码；三次传输时，收到的信号中出现次数多的即为译码（例如，若依次收到1，0，1，则译码为1）.A.采用单次传输方案，若依次发送1，0，1，则依次收到l ，0，1的概率为2(1)(1)αβ--B.采用三次传输方案，若发送1，则依次收到1，0，1的概率为2(1)ββ-C.采用三次传输方案，若发送1，则译码为1的概率为23(1)(1)βββ-+-D.当00.5α<<时，若发送0，则采用三次传输方案译码为0的概率大于采用单次传输方案译码为0的概率三、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。

2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语真题及答案解析本试卷共12页。

考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ABike Rental&Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost30years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over2,500bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡),bikes with child seats,and children’s bikes.PricesHand Brake,Three Gears Foot Brake,No Gears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Each additional day€8.00€6.00Guided City ToursThe2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at1:00pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1.What is an advantage of MacBike?A.It gives children a discount.B.It of offers many types of bikes.C.It organizes free cycle tours.D.It has over2,500rental shops.2.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.3.Where does the guided city tour start?A.The Gooyer,Windmill.B.The Skinny Bridge.C.Heineken Brewery.D.Dam Square.【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。

信用证习题及答案解析（一）选择题1．按照《UCP500》的规定，信用证未明确是否保兑，就是（）。

A、未保兑的信用证B、已保兑的信用证C、由通知银行来决定是否保兑D、由进口人来决定是否保兑答案：A解析：保兑，是指开证行以外的银行保证对信用证承担付款责任。

按照《UCP500》的规定，信用证未明确是否保兑，则为不保兑信用证，只有在不可撤销信用证上才能加保。

2．审核信用证的依据是（）。

A、《UCP500》和合同B、保险单C、商业发票D、提单答案：A解析：首先，作为审核信用证依据的《跟单信用证统一惯例》（Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits，简称UCP），是国际银行界、律师界、学术界自觉遵守的“法律”，是全世界公认的、到目前为止最为成功的一套非官方规定。

70多年来，160多个国家和地区的ICC和不断扩充的ICC委员会持续为UCP的完善而努力工作着。

而最新的版本则是UCP600版本，所以，UCP600版本也是作为最新审核信用证的依据，任何人想完美操作并且审核信用证，都必须熟读UCP600原则来作为审核信用证的依据，这样才能做到没有不符点，完美操作信用证。

再者，审核信用证也应以订立的合同为依据。

符合合同规定，并且保证信用证上的条款可以办到，否则，应申请对方改证。

注意：题目答案的《UCP500》并不是最新版本，最新版本是《UCP600》3．某公司出口乒乓球，信用证规定：“乒乓球10000打，单价每打2.38美元，总金额23800.00美元，禁止分批装运”。

根据《UCP500》规定，卖方交货的（）。

A、数量和总金额均可在5%的范围内增减B、数量和总金额均可在10%的范围内增减C、数量可以有5%的范围内增减，但总金额不得超过23800.00美元D、数量和金额均不得增减答案：D解析：根据《UCP600》，除非信用证规定，在所支付款项不超过信用证金额的条件下，货物数量准许有5%的增减幅度。

1、When you deliver goods by ship，you need offer a______to clients.A.bill of ladingB.bill of entryC.bill of creditD.bill of loading答案：A解析：本题中文意思为“当货物通过船舶运递时，须提供( )给客户”。

据此可知为“提单”，正确英文为“bill of lading”。

2、The place where the goods are produced is______A.place of originB.place of orderC.place of interestD.place of issue答案：A解析：本题中文意思为“货物生产的地方为( )”，因此对应应当选择原产地，正确英文为“place of origin”。

3、Seattle is a city of ( ).A、New ZealandB、AustraliaC、U.S.AD、Germany答案：C解析：题目中文为“西雅图是( )的城市”，故应当填写“美国”，英文U.S.A。

4、( )can be issued by the entry-exit inspection and quarantine authorities of the P.R. of ChinaB.Certificate of OriginC.L/CD.packing List答案：B解析：题目中文为“( )由中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫机构签发”，因此可知为“原产地证书”，英文“Certificate of Origin”。

5.Inchon is a port of( )A.FranceB. United KingdomC.KoreaD.Finland答案：C解析：题目中为为“仁川是()的港口”，因此对应填写“韩国”，英文Korea。

6.“The goods are in nude.”means( ).A.The goods are packed with wooden boxB.The goods are packed with iron boxC.No basket is used for the goodsD.No package is used for the goods答案：D解析：题目中文为“货物为裸装”，即没有外包装的意思。

2020年研究生入学统一考试（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions;the Sunday roast.__1__a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can2it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined our health.That this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure__4__to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has__5__a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked__6__high temperatures.This means that people should__7__ crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzas and only__8__toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?__9__studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no__10__evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is"__11__to be carcinogenic"but have no hard scientific proof.__12__the precautionary principle,it could be argued that it is__13__to follow the FSA advice.__14__,it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a__15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be__16__up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?__17__,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods__18__,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their__19__risks coming across as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares just__20__with no one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]inconclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On the basis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief[D]in general18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end upSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in£220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain'town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in1990and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run"year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community. groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A"town of culture"could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a"town of culture"award would___.A.consolidate the town city ties in BritainB.promote cooperation among Brain's townsC.increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD.focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as______..A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it______A.endeavor to maintain its imageB.meets the aspiration of its peopleC.brings its local arts to prominencemits to its long-term growth24.“Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph3to present______A.a contrasting caseB.a supporting exampleC.a background storyD.a related topic25.What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.CriticalText2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than£900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than£210m in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around￡500to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money"partly because________[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have________[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially.[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure"gender parity"on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than40percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of"equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt "phenomenon,where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________[A]help little to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women's position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A]It has irritated private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate____[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____[A]the underestimation of elite women's role.[B]the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A]Women's need in employment should be considered.[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data,and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia's MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP(significant economic presence)test,to name but a few. At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work,but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France`s planned tax is a clear warning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system,other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to_____[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies'interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Paragraph2that the digital services tax_____[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease international trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_____[A]redistribution of tech giants'revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C]tech multinationals'monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Para5that the OECO's current work_____[A]is being resisted by US companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to in involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the.best title for this text?[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says"NO"to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixactions are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41.________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes,and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile"can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations.Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.________When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot,until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-"A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.46.With（the gap between）the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged,leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.47.Before each of their revelations,many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorized in1543that in actual fact,all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun,a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the17th century.49.As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world.The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged,as were ideas of liberty,tolerance and progress.50.Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or'dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment?It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:The Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform theinternational students an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name in the notice.Part B52:Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the picture below.In your essay,you should:1)Describe the picture briefly;2)Interpret the implied meaning,and3)Give your comments答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。

中央、国家机关公务员录取考试《行政职业能力测验（一）》试卷第一某些言语理解与表达（共30题，参照时限30分钟）每道题包括一段文字或一种句子，背面是一种不完整陈述，规定你从四个选项中选出一种来完毕陈述。

注意：答案也许是完毕对所给文字重要意思提纲，也也许是满足陈述中其她方面规定，你选取应与所提规定最相符合。

【例题】钢铁被用来建造桥梁、摩天大楼、地铁、轮船、铁路和汽车等，被用来制造几乎所有机械，还被用来制造涉及农民长柄大镰刀和妇女缝衣针在内成千上万小物品。

这段话重要支持了这样一种观点，即（）。

A. 钢铁具备许多不同用途B. 钢铁是所有金属中最结实C. 钢铁是一种反映物质生活水平金属D. 钢铁是惟一用于建造摩天大楼和桥梁物质【解答】对的答案为A。

请开始答题：1.在公路发展初期，它们走势还能顺从地貌，即沿河流或森林边沿发展。

可如今，公路已无所不在，狼、熊等原本可以自由游荡动物种群被分割得七零八落。

与大型动物种群相比，较小动物种群在数量上具备更大波动性，更容易发生杂居现象。

这段话重要讲述是（）。

A. 公路发展趋势B. 公路对动物影响C. 动物生存状态变化D. 不同动物不同命运2.在国外，诸多遗传、传染类疾病属于公民隐私范畴，而在国内，有些机构随意披露公民这些隐私现象还相称普遍，法律对此还缺少有关规定和有效保护，导致这些隐私被披露后无法获得司法救济。

通过这段话，作者想表达是（）。

A. 国内关于机构应严格保护公民病情隐私B. 国内公民个人隐私保护意识还比较薄弱C. 国内关于保护个人隐私法律制度亟待完善D. 在医疗方面，国内和其她国家尚有一定差距3.由于国外预报员经常换岗，而国内拥有一支认真负责、具备近年实践经验预报员队伍，弥补了探测设备和数值预报方面局限性。

通过这段话，咱们可以懂得（）。

A. 国外预报员不如国内预报员工作认真B. 探测设备和数值预报决定了台风预报精确率C. 台风预报精确率也受预报员自身状况影响D. 国内台风预报精确率与发达国家相比尚有很大差距4.听莫扎特音乐能提高智商，被称为“莫扎特效应”。

1、单选题社会主义经济体制是指_____。

A: 社会主义生产关系的总和B: 社会主义的基本经济制度C: 社会主义经济制度的具体实现形式及运行方式D: 社会主义生产、分配、交换、消费的体系参考答案: C本题解释:参考答案:C 社会主义经济体制是指社会主义生产关系所采取的具体形式。

所谓经济体制，是指一定社会生产关系借以实现的形式，即生产关系的具体组织形式和经济管理制度，反映社会经济采取的资源配置方式。

故选C。

2、单选题社会主义精神文明建设的最直接目标是_____。

A: 提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化水平B: 在全社会形成共同理想和精神支柱C: 树立人们正确的世界观、人生观和价值观D: 培育有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的公民参考答案: D本题解释:答案: D: 1986年9月，党的十二届六中全会中通过的《中共中央关于社会主义精神文明建设指导方针的决议》中提到，>社会主义精神文明建设的根本任务，是适应社会主义现代化建设的需要，培养有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义公民，提高整个中华民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质。

故正确答案为D。

3、单选题1921年，在马克思列宁主义同中国工人运动相结合的进程中，中国共产党应运而生。

中国共产党能够在众多的党派中取得革命的领导权，成为中国革命和社会主义事业的领导核心，就是因为中国共产党的根本宗旨与众不同。

我们党同一切剥削阶级政党和其他团体的根本区别是_____A: 具有先进的指导理论B: 能够坚持“与时俱进”，将马克思主义理论与本国实际相结合C: 全心全意为人民服务，立党为公，执政为民D: 坚持从群众中来，到群众中去参考答案: C本题解释:【答案】C：一切政党都是为自己所属的那个阶级、阶层的利益而奋斗。

大部分党团在创立之初，都有先进的指导理论，A选项不对。

将马克思主要理论与中国实际相结合也是中国共产党在长期革命斗争中，总结成功与失败的经验教训，得出的结论。

小学教育学试题及答案解析一、单项选择题1.提岀了普及初等教育思想,论述了班级授课制,被认为是近代最早的教育学著作是（）。

[单选题] *A.《普通教育学》B.《大教学记》(正确答案)C.《教育论》D.《教育漫画》答案解析：近代最早的一部教育学著作《大教学论》，教育学作为一门独立的学科萌芽于《大教学论》，也是最早论述班级授课制的一部著作。

2.我国近代教育史上，对封建教育制度所进行的废科举、兴学堂等改革始于（）。

[单选题] *A.明朝末期B.清朝初期C.清朝末期(正确答案)D.民国初期答案解析：略。

3.古希腊教育家苏格拉底向雅典青年提出的要求和期望是（ D ）。

A.了解自然B.熟悉社会 [单选题] *C.虔信上帝D.认识自己(正确答案)答案解析：苏格拉底是古希腊的思想家、哲学家、教育家，其教学方法是“助产术”，他自称是个精神上的助产士，帮助别人产生他们自己的思想，引导人们认识自己。

因此，本题选择D。

4.教育影响在形式上的表现不包含（）。

[单选题] *A.教育手段B.教育方法(正确答案)C.教育组织D.教育材料答案解析：夸美纽斯于1958年出版的《世界图解》是他根据适应自然和直观教学原则编写的、历史上第一本对幼儿进行启蒙教育的看图识字课本。

因此，本题选B。

5.1939年，明确提出了以马克思主义理论指导编写《教育学》的目标的是（）。

[单选题] *A.凯洛夫(正确答案)B.马卡连柯C.赞科夫D.巴班斯基答案解析：赞可夫的著作《教学与发展》，马卡连柯著作《父母必读》《教育诗》，巴班斯基《教学过程最优化（一般教学论观点）》、《教学教育过程最优化（方法原理）》。

6.“既追求让所有人都受到同样的教育，又追求教育的自由化”体现教育的特点是（）。

[单选题] *A.教育全民化B.教育终身化C.教育多元化D.教育民主化(正确答案)答案解析：教育全民化是指人人都享有平等的受教育的权利，必须接受一定程度的教育。

全民教育是近10年来在全世界兴起的基本教育运动，其目的是使所有人都能受到教育，特别是使所有适龄儿童都进入小学，降低辍学率，扫除所有中青年文盲。

2022年高考数学（新高考2卷）真题及答案解析一、单选题（本大题共8小题，共40.0分）1. 已知集合A ={−1,1,2,4}，B ={x||x −1|≤1}，则A ∩B =( )A. {−1,2}B. {1,2}C. {1,4}D. {−1,4}2. (2+ 2i)(1−2i)=( )A. −2+4iB. −2−4iC. 6+2iD. 6−2i3. 中国的古建筑不仅是挡风遮雨的住处，更是美学和哲学的体现.如图是某古建筑物的剖面图，AA′，BB′，CC′，DD′是桁，DD 1，CC 1，BB 1，AA 1是脊，OD 1，DC 1，CB 1，BA 1是相等的步，相邻桁的脊步的比分别为DD 1OD 1=0.5，CC 1DC 1=k 1，BB 1CB 1=k 2，AA1BA 1=k 3，若k 1，k 2，k 3是公差为0.1的等差数列，直线OA 的斜率为0.725，则k 3=( )A. 0.75B. 0.8C. 0.85D. 0.94. 已知向量a ⃗ =(3,4)，b ⃗ =(1,0)，c ⃗ =a ⃗ +t b ⃗ ，若<a ⃗ ,c ⃗ >=<b ⃗ ,c ⃗ >，则实数t =( ) A. −6 B. −5 C. 5 D. 65. 甲乙丙丁戊5名同学站成一排参加文艺汇演，若甲不站在两端，丙和丁相邻的不同排列方式有( )A. 12种B. 24种C. 36种D. 48种6. 若sin(α+β)+cos(α+β)=2√2cos(α+π4)sinβ，则( )A. tan(α+β)=−1B. tan(α+β)=1C. tan(α−β)=−1D. tan(α−β)=17. 已知正三棱台的高为1，上下底面的边长分别为3√3和4√3，其顶点都在同一球面上，则该球的表面积为( )A. 100πB. 128πC. 144πD. 192π8. 若函数f(x)的定义域为R ，且f(x +y)+f(x −y)=f(x)f(y)，f(1)=1，则∑f 22k=1(k)=( )A. −3B. −2C. 0D. 1二、多选题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）9. 已知函数f(x)=sin(2x +φ)(0<φ<π)的图象关于点(2π3,0)对称，则( )A. f(x)在(0,5π12)单调递减 B. f(x)在(−π12,11π12)有两个极值点C. 直线x =7π6是曲线y =f(x)的一条对称轴D. 直线y =√32−x 是曲线y =f(x)的一条切线10. 已知O 为坐标原点，过抛物线C:y 2=2px(p >0)的焦点F 的直线与C 交于A ，B 两点，点A 在第一象限，点M(p,0)，若|AF|=|AM|，则( )A. 直线AB 的斜率为2√6B. |OB|=|OF|C. |AB|>4|OF|D. ∠OAM +∠OBM <180∘11. 如图，四边形ABCD 为正方形，ED ⊥平面ABCD ，FB//ED ，AB =ED =2FB ，记三棱锥E −ABC ，E −ACF ，F −ABC 的体积分别为V 1，V 2，V 3，则( )A. V 3=2V 2B. V 3=2V 1C. V 3=V 1+V 2D. 2V 3=3V 112. 若实数x ，y 满足x 2+y 2−xy =1，则( )A. x +y ≤1B. x +y ≥−2C. x 2+y 2≥1D. x 2+y 2≤2三、填空题（本大题共4小题，共20.0分）13. 随机变量X 服从正态分布N(2,σ2)，若P(2<x ≤2.5)=0.36，则P(X >2.5)=14. 曲线y =ln|x|经过坐标原点的两条切线方程分别为 ， 15. 设点A(−2,3)，B(0,a)，直线AB 关于直线y =a 的对称直线为l ，已知l 与圆C:(x +3)2+(y +2)2=1有公共点，则a 的取值范围为16.已知直线l与椭圆x26+y23=1在第一象限交于A，B两点，l与x轴y轴分别相交于M，N两点，且|MA|=|NB|，|MN|=2√3，则直线l的方程为四、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70.0分）17.已知{a n}为等差数列，{b n}为公比为2的等比数列，且a2−b2=a3−b3=b4−a4(1)证明：a1=b1;(2)求集合{k|b k=a m+a1,1≤m≤500}中元素个数18.记△ABC的三个内角分别为A，B，C，其对边分别为a，b，c，分别以a，b，c为边长的三个正三角形的面积依次为S1，S2，S3，且S1−S2+S3=√32，sinB=13(1)求△ABC的面积;(2)若sinAsinC=√23，求b19.在某地区进行某种疾病调查，随机调查了100位这种疾病患者的年龄，得到如下样本数据频率分布直方图(1)估计该地区这种疾病患者的平均年龄; (同一组数据用该区间的中点值作代表)(2)估计该地区以为这种疾病患者年龄位于区间[20,70)的概率;(3)已知该地区这种疾病患者的患病率为0.1%，该地区年龄位于区间[40,50)的人口数占该地区总人口数的16%，从该地区选出1人，若此人的年龄位于区间[40,50)，求此人患这种疾病的概率(精确到0.0001)20.如图，PO是三棱锥P−ABC的高，PA=PB，AB⊥AC，E是PB的中点(1)证明：OE//平面PAC;(2)若∠ABO=∠CBO=30∘，PO=3，PA=5，求二面角C−AE−B正弦值21.设双曲线C:x2a2−y2b2=1(a>0,b>0)的右焦点为F(2,0)，渐近线方程为y=±√3x.(1)求C的方程;(2)经过F的直线与C的渐近线分别交于A，B两点，点P(x1,y1)，Q(x2,y2)在C上，且x1>x2>0，y1>0.过P且斜率为−√3的直线与过Q且斜率为√3的直线交于点M，从下面三个条件 ① ② ③中选择两个条件，证明另一个条件成立： ①M在AB上; ②PQ//AB; ③|AM|=|BM|已知函数f(x)=xe ax−e x(1)当a=1时，讨论f(x)的单调性;(2)当x>0时，f(x)<−1，求实数a的取值范围;(3)设n∈N∗，证明：1√12+1+1√22+2+⋯+1√n2+n>ln(n+1)答案和解析1.【答案】B【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了集合的交集运算【解答】解：方法一：通过解不等式可得集合B={x|0≤x≤2}，则A∩B={1,2}，故B 正确法二：代入排除法.x=−1代入集合B={x||x−1|≤1}，可得|x−1|=|−1−1|=2>1，x=−1，不满足，排除A、D;x=4代入集合B={x||x−1|≤1}，可得|x−1|=|4−1|=3>1，x=4，不满足，排除C，故B正确2.【答案】D【解析】【分析】法二，利用三角恒等变换，求出正确选项 【解答】解： 解法一：设 β=0 则 sinα+cosα=0 ，取 α=34π ，排除 B ， D再取 α=0 则 sinβ+cosβ=2sinβ ，取 β=π4 ，排除 A; 选 C 解法二：由 sin(α+β)+cos(α+β)=√2sin(α+β+π4)=√2sin[(α+π4)+β] =√2sin(α+π4)cosβ+√2cos(α+π4)sinβ ， 故 √2sin(α+π4)cosβ=√2cos(α+π4)sinβ 故 sin(α+π4)cosβ−cos(α+π4)sinβ=0 ，即 sin(α+π4−β)=0 ，故 sin(α−β+π4)=√22sin(α−β)+√22cos(α−β)=0 ，故 sin(α−β)=−cos(α−β) ，故 tan(α−β)=−17.【答案】A【解析】 【分析】本题主要考查了正三棱台和外接球的关系应用，球体表面积公式的应用 【解答】解： 由题意如图所示，上底面所在平面截球所得圆的半径是 O 1A 1=3 ， 下底面所在平面截球所得圆的半径是 O 2A 2=4 ，则轴截面中由几何知识可得 √R 2−32+√R 2−42=1 ，解得 R 2=25 ， 因此球的表面积是 S =4πR 2=4π⋅25=100π8.【答案】A【解析】【分析】解：令y=1得f(x+1)+f(x−1)=f(x)⋅f(1)=f(x)⇒f(x+1)=f(x)−f(x−1)故f(x+2)=f(x+1)−f(x)，f(x+3)=f(x+2)−f(x+1)，消去f(x+2)和f(x+1)得到f(x+3)=−f(x)，故f(x)周期为6;令x=1，y=0得f(1)+f(1)=f(1)·f(0)⇒f(0)=2，f(2)=f(1)−f(0)=1−2=−1，f(3)=f(2)−f(1)=−1−1=−2，f(4)=f(3)−f(2)=−2−(−1)=−1，f(5)=f(4)−f(3)=−1−(−2)=1，f(6)=f(5)−f(4)=1−(−1)=2，因为1≤m<500，故2≤2k−1≤1000，解得2≤k≤10，故集合{k|b k=a m+a1,1≤m≤500}中元素的个数为9个【解析】本题考查等差、等比数列的通项公式，解指数不等式，集合中元素的个数问题，属于中档题18.【答案】解：(1)∵边长为a的正三角形的面积为√34a2，∴S1−S2+S3=√34(a2−b2+c2)=√32，即accosB=1，由sinB=13得：cosB=2√23，∴ac=1cosB=3√24，故S△ABC=12acsinB=12×3√24×13=√28(2)由正弦定理得：b2sin2B =asinAcsinC=acsinAsinC=3√24√23=94，故b=32sinB=12【解析】本题考查利用正余弦定理解三角形(1)利用余弦定理与正三角形的面积求得ac，继而利用面积公式求解(2)利用正弦定理进行变形，即可求解19.【答案】解：(1)平均年龄x=(5×0.001+15×0.002+25×0.012+35×0.017+ 45×0.023+55×0.020+65×0.017+75×0.006+85×0.002)×10=47.9(岁) (2)设A={一人患这种疾病的年龄在区间[20,70)}，则P(A)=1−P(A)=1−(0.001+0.002+0.006+0.002)×10=1−0.11=0.89 (3)设B={任选一人年龄位于区间[40,50)}，C={任选一人患这种疾病}，则由条件概率公式，得P(C|B)=P(BC)P(B)=0.1%×0.023×1016%=0.001×0.230.16=0.0014375≈0.0014【解析】本题考查了平均数，概率的求法，考查频率分布直方图、条件概率等知识20.【答案】解：(1)法一：连接OA、OB，因为PO是三棱锥P−ABC的高，所以PO⊥平面ABC，所以PO⊥OA，PO⊥OB，所以∠POA=∠POB=90∘，又PA=PB，PO=PO，所以△POA≌△POB，所以OA=OB，作AB中点D，连接OD、DE，则有OD⊥AB，又AB⊥AC，所以OD//AC，又因为OD⊄平面PAC，AC⊂平面PAC，所以OD//平面PAC，又D、E分别为AB、PB的中点，所以，在△BPA中，DE//PA又因为平面PAC，PA⊂平面PAC，所以DE//平面PAC，又OD、DE⊂平面ODE，OD∩DE=D，所以平面ODE//平面PAC，又OE⊂平面ODE，所以OE//平面PAC;法二：(1)连接OA 、OB ，因为PO 是三棱锥P −ABC 的高，所以PO ⊥平面ABC ，所以PO ⊥OA ，PO ⊥OB ， 所以∠POA =∠POB =90∘，又PA =PB ，PO =PO ，所以△POA ≌△POB ， 所以OA =OB ，又AB ⊥AC ，在Rt △ABF ，O 为BF 中点， 延长BO ，交AC 于F ，连接PF ，所以在△PBF 中，O 、E 分别为BF 、PB 的中点，所以EO//PF ， 因为EO ⊄平面PAC ，PF ⊂平面PAC ，所以EO//平面PAC; (2)法一：过点D 作DF//OP ，以DB 为x 轴，DO 为y 轴，DF 为z 轴 建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系因为PO =3，PA =5，由(1)OA =OB =4， 又∠ABO =∠CBO =30∘，所以OD =2，DB =2√3， 所以P(0,2,3)，B(2√3,0,0)，A(−2√3,0,0)，E(√3,1,32)， 设AC =a ，则C(−2√3,a,0)，平面AEB 的法向量设为n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(x 1,y 1,z 1)，直线AB 的方向向量可设为a ⃗ =(1,0,0)， 直线DP ⊂平面AEB ，直线DP 的方向向量为b ⃗ =(0,2,3) {a ⃗ ⋅n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0b ⃗ ⋅n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0，所以{x 1=02y 1+3z 1=0, 所以x 1=0，设y 1=3，则z 1=−2，所以n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(0,3,−2);平面AEC 的法向量设为n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(x 2,y 2,z 2)，AC⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(0,a,0)，AE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(3√3,1,32) {AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0AE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0，所以{ay 2=03√3x 2+y 2+32z 2=0，所以y 2=0，设x 2=√3，则z 2=−6，所以n ⃗ =(√3,0,−6);所以cos <n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ ，n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ >=n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |⋅|n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=12√13×√39=1213√3=4√313， 二面角C −AE −B 的平面角为θ，则sinθ=√1−cos 2θ=1113， 所以二面角C −AE −B 的正弦值为1113法二：(2)过点A 作AF//OP ，以AB 为x 轴，AC 为y 轴，AF 为z 轴 建立所示的空间直角坐标系因为PO =3，PA =5，由(1)OA =OB =4，又∠ABO =∠CBO =30°，所以，AB =4√3，所以P(2√3,2,3)，B(4√3,0,0)， A(0,0,0)，E(3√3,1,32)，设AC =a ，则C(0,a,0)，平面AEB 的法向量设为n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(x 1,y 1,z 1)，AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(4√3,0,0)，AE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(3√3,1,32) {AB ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0AE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0，所以{4√3x 1=03√3x 1+y 1+32z 1=0，所以x 1=0设z 1=−2，则y 1=3， 所以n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(0,3,−2);平面AEC 的法向量设为n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(x,y,z)，AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(0,a,0)，AE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(3√3,1,32) {AC ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0AE ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0，所以{ay 2=03√3x 2+y 2+32z 2=0, 所以y 2=0，设x 2=√3，则z 2=−6，所以n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ =(√3,0,−6);所以cos <n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗ ，n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗ >=n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ·n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |n 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |⋅|n 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=12√13×√39=√1213√3=4√313二面角C −AE −B 的平面角为θ，则sinθ=√1−cos 2θ=1113， 所以二面角C −AE −B 的正弦值为1113【解析】本题考查线面平行与二面角的求解，考查学生的空间想象与计算能力，有一定的难度21.【答案】解：(1)由题意可得ba =√3，√a 2+b 2=2，故a =1，b =√3因此C 的方程为x 2−y 23=1(2)设直线PQ 的方程为y =kx +m(k ≠0)，将直线PQ 的方程代入C 的方程得(3−k 2)x 2−2kmx −m 2−3=0， 则x 1+x 2=2km3−k 2，x 1x 2=−m 2+33−k 2，x 1−x 2=√(x 1+x 2)2−4x 1x 2=2√3(m 2+3−k 2)3−k 2不段点M 的坐标为(x M ,y M )，则{y M −y 1=−√3(x M −x 1)y M −y 2=√3(x M −x 2)两式相减，得y 1−y 2=2√3x M −√3(x 1+x 2)，而y 1−y 2=(kx 1+m)−(kx 2+m)=k(x 1−x 2)，。