2021年中考英语重难题型13自然、世界与环境

广西2021中考英语考点解密第一部份话题知识梳理 Topic 15 世界与环境情景句型1. What is the capital of China? 中国的首都是哪里？Beijing. 北京2. Where is Washington D.C.? 华盛顿在哪里？It is in the east of America. 在美国东部。

3. Do you know how many provinces there are in America? 你明白美国有多少个州吗？There are fifty. 50个。

（三十六）环境爱惜情景句型1. Do you like the zoo?你喜爱动物园吗？Yes ! I was so excited to see the pandas... 是的！看到熊猫我是如此的兴奋。

It is sad to think about all those animals in danger. It makes me mad.想到那些动物都处在危险当中让人感觉难过。

The surprising thing was to hear how many animals are in danger. we need to protect them better.令人意外的是听到如此多的动物面临着危险。

咱们需要更好地爱惜它们。

2. Do you think we should save the water?你以为咱们应该节约用水吗？To save water is to save our lives. 节约用水确实是拯救咱们的生命。

3. We should stop the factories from polluting the river.咱们应该阻止工厂污染河流。

I agree. And we should stop them from polluting the air well.我同意，咱们也应该阻止他们污染环境。

话题19 世界和环境(The world and the environment) Ⅰ.话题相关辞汇1．大洲，大陆continent2．亚洲Asia3．欧洲Europe4．非洲Africa5．南美洲South America6．北美洲North America7．大洋洲Oceania8．南极洲Antarctica9．海洋ocean10．太平洋Pacific11．大西洋Atlantic12．印度洋Indian Ocean13．北冰洋Artic Ocean14．国家country15．中国China16．美国America17．英国，不列颠Britain/Great Britain18．俄罗斯Russia19．加拿大Canada20．澳大利亚Australia21．印度India22．新西兰New Zealand23．联邦的federal24．共和国；共和republic25．地球earth26．全世界in the globe27．栖息地habitat28．总面积 a total area of...29．平方千米square kilometre30．沙漠化desertification31．野生动物保护wildlife protection32．珍稀，稀有的rare33．世界著名的worldwide famous34．世界上in the world/all over the world 35．是……的家园be home to...36．环境environment37．开发develop38．保护protect39．污染pollute40．融化melt41．回收recycle42．致使result in/from43．采取行动take action to do44．采取办法take measures to do45．制止干某事prevent/stop/keep...from doing 46．有区别have a difference between...Ⅱ.话题相关词组1．位于，座落于be located/lie in/there stands 2．占地面积occupy/cover an area of...3．有……人口has a population of.../with the population of4．因……而出名be famous for/be known as/for5．濒危野生动物endangered wildlife6．环境恶化environmental degradation7．水土流失water and soil erosion8．维持生态平衡keep the ecology in balance/keep the balance of nature9．可再生资源renewable resource10．水土维持conservation of water and soil11．关注be concerned about12．自然现象natural phenomenon13．环保产品environment－friendly productsⅢ.实用句型1．梅州位于广东省东北部，是客家人的主要集散中心和聚居地。

中考英语阅读理解专项训练-自然与环境时间：8～10分钟/篇分值：2分/小题Passage 1Let's clean up the ocean together!We all know it's important to have dreams. However, to make the dreams come true is not an easy thing. A young Dutch man named Boyan enjoys working hard to make his dreams come true.When Boyan was 16, he went diving(潜水) in Greece. He was shocked to see more plastic bags than fish in the sea. The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean. However, everyone told him that there was nothing he could do once plastic bags went into the ocean. The teenager didn't give up. He spent several months studying plastic pollution. Finally, he came up with a science project using floating barriers(漂浮的栅栏) to collect the_waste. That is to say, instead of using nets and ships to collect the plastic bags, the barriers can make the plastic bags come together with the help of natural ocean currents(洋流) and winds. What's more, the collected plastic bags can be recycled and made into products or oil.Boyan won prizes for the project, but that was not enough for him: he wanted to make it a reality(实现). In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working hard to clean up the ocean to make our world a better place. Would you like to join them?( )1. Where did Boyan decide to clean up the ocean?A. In Holland.B. In Greece.C. In England.( )2. What does the waste mean in the third paragraph?A. The nets.B. The barriers.C. The plastic bags.( )3. What may be The Ocean Cleanup?A. A group.B. A club.C. A company.( )4. The author writes the passage to tell us ________．A. to clean up the oceanB. not to pollute the oceanC. to protect our environmentPassage 2Andrew Holleman, a 12yearold boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet and forested, and made a home for the birds, other animals and many different plants.It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some redtailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.Suddenly it was announced that the “empty”land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil(土壤)would be covered with extra grounds.When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影响)the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses. Although he was only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrewwent doortodoor, to ask the people to sign(签名), who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.( )1. The passage is mainly about ________．A. 250 people who signed to help AndrewB. a brave boy who cared for the environmentC. the open land that suited animals and plantsD. the research of improving the environment( )2. The underlined word “oppose”in the passage probably means ________．A. supportB. dislikeC. disagreeD. prefer( )3. Andrew was very worried because ________．A. the animals would be killedB. new houses would be built on the open landC. not all the neighbors were going to signD. the local government made a right decision( )4. According to the passage, Andrew ________．A. was good at going doortodoorB. got in no touch with the reportersC. usually acted like a person much olderD. was praised by his teachers and classmates( )5. We can infer(推测)that ________．A. the land would remain as it used to beB. the open land would be built into a parkC. the neighbors would have to move awayD. Andrew would soon work for the governmentPassage 3“Save the whales！”That's what the picture on Jake Smith's bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important thatshowed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood.It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales' coming. A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jake's hometown. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing they'd have to do anything about.Then one whale swam in their direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded,_it stayed. Its huge body rested on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran towards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use.An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jake and his family couldn't do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. The rescuerswould not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump for joy, it rose high above the water —a thankyou to those who had worked so hard to save its life.( )1. What does the picture on Jake's wall tell us about him?A. He lived near the ocean.B. He cared about the environment.C. He worked as an animal rescuer.D. He thought whales were the most beautiful animals.( )2. Why did the local people go down to the beach that morning?A. To swim with the whales.B. To help rescue the whales.C. To see the whales swimming.D. To watch a movie about whales.( )3. The underlined word “receded”in Paragraph 3 means ________．A. didn't move B. went back outC. washed overD. got up( )4. How did Jake and his family help save the whale?A. By calling the rescue service.B. By asking their neighbours for help.C. By giving the rescuers food and drink.D. By controlling the people on the beach.( )5. In what order did the events of the whale rescue take place?a. The whale disappeared under the sea.b. People turned on the light of the cars.c. Rescuers lifted the whale into the water.d. Animal rescue service brought its truck.e. People pushed the whale towards the sea.A. e－d－b－c－aB. e－b－c－d－aC. d－b－e－a－cD. a－e－b－d－c上期答案Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。

speaking countries.. 我要去见我那些来自讲英语的国家的朋友。

5.. What is the capital of the Canada? 加拿大的首都是什么6.. Which country is in the east of China?population“有多少人口”时，一般说population of......is......Chinapopulation of China is about 1..3 billion..population式。

如：Two thirds of the population in this country are farmers.. 这个国家三分之二的人口是农民。

注意：①表示人口“多”或“少”常用damage示损坏后价值、效率、功能等降低，有时用于比喻用法中。

如：The bridge was badly damaged by the flood..严重。

Smoking will damage your health..destroy法或很难修复，有时用于比喻用法中。

如：The fire destroyed the building..All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal..信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭。

ruin象、年龄、疏忽等，现多用于比喻用法中，在真正具体地摧毁或破坏某座建筑物时，通常不用The storm ruined the crops..He ruined his prospects by carelessness..be famous for表示某地“以某种特点、或特征出名”，或表示某事“以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知”。

如：He is famous for his skill in playing football..The area is famous for its green tea..be famous as为……而出名”的意思，主要表示人“以某种身份或职业而出名”，或表示某地方“作为……产地或地方而出名”，或表示某事物“以某种形式而出名”。

常用词组词语：animals、nature、forest、flower、grass、ocean、mountain、rock、earthquake、lake、cloudy、rainy、fog、health、food、litter、pollution、exercise短语：global warming、cause rubbish air pollution、cut down、nature reserve、pleasant environment、population growth、low carbon economy、save water、keep healthy、do exercise常用句型1.保护环境是我们的责任It's our duty to protect our environment.2.关心环境十分重要It is very important to take care of our environment.3．如果每个人都为保护环境做一些贡献，这个世界会变得更加美好。

If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.4.现在是激发人们环境保护意识并作出行动的时候了。

It’s time for us to arouse people’s environmental awareness and take actions5.污染是世界上最严重的环境问题之一。

Pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world.6.我为我所做的时期非常自豪，因为我相信如果每个人都注意环境保护，我们的城市会变得给家美丽和舒适的。

I feel extremely proud of the things I did and I believe if Everyone pays attention to the environmental protection, our city will be more beautiful and comfortable to live in. 7.举个例子，我们可以做自行车去学校。

【下载后获高清完整版】外研版中考英语话题复习：自然-天气-世界与环境（短语和句子复习）自然&天气&世界与环境话题复习包括：七上M6；八上M6, M9, M10；八下M3, M8；九上M10, M12。

一、复习目标掌握本话题下的相关重点短语和句子，并体会其在具体语境中的含义及其用法。

二、重点短语和句子自主复习（一）七上M61.The Dalian Zoo has_______（许多种类的）animals, _______（比如）zebras and giraffes.2.They_______（来自）many different countries.3.She is the black and white animal________（在那边）.4.The panda eat about 30 kilos of bamboo a day________（并且）other plants.5.This animal is the favourite of people________（全世界）.6.There is_______（少量）milk in the cup.7._______（看）that elephant. It's from Africa.8.Lucy_______（擅长）playing volleyball.9.我们可以去看看那些猴子吗？10.熊猫吃植物吗？11.斑马不吃竹子。

12.老虎抓很多动物为食。

（二）八上M61.I saw the pandas_______（最后）！It's sad to_______（想到）pandas and other animals_______（处于危险中）.2.Villages and farms are_______（夺去）their land and forests.3.We all need to help animals live_______（和平地）.4.Your money pays_______（照顾）the animals.5._______（为了）protect pandas in the wild, the government is_______（建立）_______（自然公园）and developing other plans.6.它允许人们靠近它们。

精品文档可修改欢迎修改分类默写(十一) 自然、世界与环境1.动物(n.)生命(n.)宠物(n.)动物(n.)蚂蚁(n.)熊猫(n.)老虎(n.)狮子(n.)大象(n.)狐狸(n.)长颈鹿(n.)袋鼠(n.)熊(n.)猴子(n.)鲨鱼(n.)蛇(n.)蜜蜂(n.)老鼠(n.)鸟(n.)奶牛(n.)狗(n.)母鸡(n.)鸭子(n.)猫(n.)绵羊(n.)猪(n.)马(n.)兔子(n.)尾巴(n.)机翼;翅膀2.植物(n.)树(n.)植物(n.)枝条;棍(n.)水果(n.)苹果(n.)香蕉(n.)梨(n.)橘子(n.)葡萄(n.)柠檬(n.)草(n.)豆(n.)竹子(n.)花(n.)玫瑰(n.)树叶3.自然(n.)季节(n.)春季;春天(n.)夏季;夏天(n.)秋季;秋天(n.)冬季;冬天(n.)地震(v.)着火(n.)火灾(n.)自然(adj.)自然的(n.)森林(n.)树林(n.)(热带)丛林(n.)高山(n.)小山;山丘;斜坡(n.)岛(n.)海岸(n.)岩石(n.)地面(n.)陆地;土地(n.)江;河;河流(n.)湖(n.)池塘(n.)河岸(n.)石头太平洋(n.)海洋(n.)大海(n.)波浪(n.)沙滩(n.)冰(n.)沙子(n.)陆架;架子(n.)面积;地域;区域;范围;领域(n.)洞;坑(n.)煤(n.)油,石油4.太空(n.)天空(n.)空气;大气(n.)云(n.)太阳(n.)月球;月亮(n.)星星;恒星(n.)地球;大地;土(n.)行星(n.)空间(n.)拉力;牵引力;拉(n.)通讯;交流(adj.)可移动的(n.)模型(adj.)现代的5.国家与城市(n.)人口(n.)世界(n.)国家(adj.)外国的(n.)亚洲(adj.)亚洲的;亚洲人的(n.)亚洲人(n.)非洲(n.)欧洲(adj.)欧洲的(n.)欧洲人(n.)中国(adj.)中国的;中国人的;汉语的(n.)美国;美洲(adj.)美国的;美国人的(n.)日本(adj.)日本的;日本人的;日语的(n.)澳洲;澳大利亚(adj.)澳洲的;澳大利亚的(n.)英国(n.)英国人(adj.)英国的(n.)英格兰(adj.)英格兰的;英语的(n.)伦敦(n.)德国人(n.)德国(n.)法国(n.)法语(adj.)法国(人)的;法语的(n.)俄罗斯(adj.)俄国人的;俄语的(n.)加拿大(adj.)加拿大的;加拿大人的(n.)印度(adj.)(美洲)印第安人的;印度人的(n.)意大利(n.)国家;(美国的)州(n.)城市(n.)首都(adj.)国际的(adj.)国家的;民族的(n.)种族;民族6.环境(n.)环境(adj.)干净的;清洁的(adj.)晴朗的,清晰的(adj.)脏的(adj.)整洁的(v.)乱丢垃圾(n.)凌乱(adj.)凌乱的(n.)噪音(adj.)喧闹的;嘈杂的(vt.)污染(n.)污染(v.)再回收;再利用(n.)垃圾;废物(vt.)破坏;毁灭(n.&vt.)浪费(n.)安宁;和平1、在最软入的时候，你会想起谁。

2021年北京市初中学业水平考试英语试卷第一部分本部分共33题，共40分。

在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。

一、单项填空(每题0.5分，共6分)从下面各题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

a cake for every year. ——At the school gate. service?——Of course you can. took a break.1. (2021北京中考，1, 0.5 分,Mary's birthday is coming. We've decided to makeA. him A. himB. herC. youD. them 2. (2021北京中考，2, 0.5分,Space Day of China fallsApril 24thA. onB.byC. atD. in3. (2021北京中考，3, 0.5 分,shall we meet for the picnic?A. HowB. WhenC. WhyD. Where4. （2021北京中考,4, ——Sam,I join you in the communityA. canB. mustC. shouldD. need5. (2021北京中考，5, The doctors worked for ten hours,nobodyA. soB. forC. butD. or 6. （2021 北京中考，6, 0.5 分，★☆☆） The teacher is glad to see that Tony is than before.A. carefulB. more carefulC. most carefulD. the most careful7. （2021 北京中考，7, 0.5 分，★☆☆） 一Peter, what are you doing? -Oh, Ia report about national heroes.A. will writeB. am writingC. wroteD. have written 8. （2021 北京中考，8, 0.5 分，★☆☆） My parents and I 8. （2021 北京中考，8, 0.5 分，★☆☆） My parents and I trees last Sunday.A. plantB. will plantC. are plantingD. plantedIt's clear that our students spend a lot of time on screens. We do see the benefits of technology. However, we teachers also want to make sure that students have balanced learning and social experiences away from their screens. Thafs why we have come up with the idea of screen-free days.During the course of the year, we have built in several screen-free days that require us to make different plans for our students about how they will communicate with one another and the world around them without "screens”. For some teachers, this means bringing back a valuable lesson plan that has been put off for some time because it is "out of date”. Others have designed something completely new.Fun activities, for example, card games and room escape（密室逃脱）games, are organized at school. In these activities, students socialize without smartphones and have face-to-face communication without checking on "likes" they've got online. These fun activities also make it possible for the whole grade to enjoy the company of their friends with no smartphones.After our first screen-free day, students mentioned that they were surprised they enjoyed it. Finding ways to help our students connect with one another is important. While technology is already part of our world, it shouldn't play such an important role in a learner's life.34.How many hours do most students in the school spend on screens every day?35.Why have the teachers come up with the idea of screen-free days?36.What fun activities can the students have at school?37.How did the students feel after the first screen-free day?38.What do you think of the idea of screen-free days? Why do you think so?五、文段表达（10分）（2021北京中考，39, 10分，★★★）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。

一、语法选择Now we can see many people are cutting down the trees in the forests.A lot of rich land __1__ deserts(沙漠)．If we read newspapers，we'll learn that the forests are getting smaller all the rge numbers of trees __2__because we need wood and farmland.Some scientists say that there will not be any great forests __3__ 20 or 30 years.__4__will happen if the forests disappear(消失)? A lot of plants will die and the animals will lose their home.In many places the new farmland will soon look like the old deserts.Crops(庄稼)will not grow there.There won't be enough rain，and the weather will get hot and dry.If the climate of __5__earth changes，life will be hard for __6__．Our living environment will become __7__．More and more rich farmland will disappear.We will suffer a lot from both droughts and floods.It's our duty __8__the forests well.Everyone __9__try his best to make a contribution(贡献)to taking care of the forests.__10__cutting down the trees and make the world greener.(B)1.A.will become B．has become C．became D．become(C)2.A.cut down B．cutting down C．are cut down D．were cut down(C)3.A.for B．at C．in D．before(A)4.A.What B．When C．Who D．Why(C)5.A.a B．an C．the D．/(D)6.A.someone B．none C．anyone D．everyone(B)7.A.bad and bad B．worse and worse C．worst and worst D．better and worse(D)8.A.protected B．protecting C．protect D．to protect(B)9.A.may B．should C．shall D．would(A)10.A.Stop B．Stops C．To stop D．Stopping二、阅读理解A(2018·广东)There's much to see under the sea，but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air.The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are.You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it.Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface，too.Be careful not to tellany stories about the big fish that got away.That fish might not be so big after all！It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!What's more，in deeper water，colors just don't seem as bright.In fact，it looks as if some colors are missing.Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths(波长)of light that are reflected(反射)from its surface.And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater.Let's take a bright red，yellow，and blue wet suit as an example.These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water.Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water.The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths，the longest among these three colors，are missing.As you go down deeper，the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part.Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater，you will look terrible，like a ghost(鬼怪)！And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!(C)1.You miss the object underwater when you want to touch it because________.A．your eyesight is quite poorB．you are not quick enoughC．it is not as close as it seemsD．it disappears very quickly(B)2.The example of the wet suit is used to explain the change of________of an objectunderwater.A．the size B．the colorC．the position D．the weight(D)3.The underlined word“descend”probably means________in Chinese in this passage.A．上升B．漂浮C．屏息D．下潜(B)4.Which of the following is true?A．A four­meter­long fish looks three meters long underwater.B．The wavelengths of red light are longer than those of blue light.C．Much water will be taken in by the swimmer deep in the water.D．You will see a ghost if you go as deep as 6 to 9 meters into the sea.(D)5.The best title of this passage is ________.A．The Standard of Color UnderwaterB．The Direction of Light UnderwaterC．The Brightness of Color UnderwaterD．The Behavior of Light UnderwaterB配对阅读。

2021河南中考英语试卷分析2021河南省中考英语试卷分析随着英语考试的结束，2021年的中考落下了帷幕。

总体感觉今年的中考英语试题比较容易。

全卷严格根据初中英语教学大纲命题，在重视考查学生基础知识和基本技能的同时，侧重考查学生在具体语境中运用英语分析和解决问题的能力。

所有语篇和语料围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题，取材广泛，体裁多样，时代感强。

本次中招命题充分发挥考试指挥棒的作用，引导教师处理好教材与阅读之间的关系，充分体现了坚持立德树人、发展素质教育的目标，凸显“考试及研究”的意图。

一、以育人为导向，彰显文化自信，落实立德树人2021年河南省中招英语试题的语篇选用注重思想性、教育性和弘扬河南省地方优秀文化。

语篇语言表达地道，生动有趣，尽量保持了英语本土语言的原汁原味。

试题话题贴近学生生活，既体现了语言源于生活，又还原于生活的本质，能够使学生产生共鸣感，能激起学生解决问题的愿望。

阅读理解B 篇老人通过分享自己的亲身经历引导教育青少年要善待动物；同时通过对老夫妇的生动刻画阐述了对别人的错误要包容和在体验中成长的教育理念。

完型填空题通过描述XXX从一个害羞的女孩儿到一个成功记者的蜕变，阐明了困难就是生活，克服困难就是成长。

语篇填空题第一篇文章介绍了河南省安阳地区的红旗渠，通过描述红旗渠的建造历程，歌颂了劳动者的智慧和勤劳，关注了学生对我省优秀地方文化的理解，增强了民族自豪感。

语篇立意倡导正能量，旨在对学生进行积极健康的引导。

使学生通过阅读拓展知识面，开阔视野，并通过深入浅出的题目设置启迪学生的思维品质。

二、以语篇为载体，考查语用能力，渗透学科素养河南省中招英语试题着重考查学生在具体社会情景中运用英语进行理解和表达意义的能力。

在考查考生英语语言运用能力的同时，渗透对文化意识、思维品质和研究能力的考察。

旨在以考促教、以考促学，引导老师树立学科课程标准与核心素养意识，摒弃“重知识，轻能力”的传统教学观念，改进教学方式，培养学生的英语学科核心素养。