河北省“五个一名校联盟”(张家口唐山保定邯郸邢台一中)2021届高三下学期高考二模地理试题

河北省“五个一名校联盟”（张家口一中、唐山一中、保定一中、邯郸一中、邢台一中）2021届高考二模英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The Nutrition Company on a Special MissionPūratae is a socially responsible health and wellness company that was founded on the principles of helping others live a more pure, balanced life—while Pūratae is also doing something that distinguishes itself from other nutrition companies—feeding children in need around the world.Their Pure Superblend is a supplement powder designed to be taken in the morning. Designed to help balance the body in every area, it provides:—14 supplements that not only provide your essential vitamins and minerals, but also support a healthy gut (肠道) and increase and stabilize the natural energy of the body.—10 grams of plant and vegetable based protein to stabilize the blood sugar and maintain lean mass.—And, it's natural, allergen-free, and PURE—free of artificial colors, flavors, preservatives and sweeteners.At $ 3.00 per day, retail, they are also committed to making it affordable. When using the discount code for 15% off, it drops to $ 2.50 per day when you buy your monthly supply.With every Pure Superblend purchased, the company provides 10 meals to children in need. Pūratae currently has a giving outreach in 20 countries (including the US and Canada) and provides over 1,000 meals a day to children in need.1．What is special about the Pūratae company?A．Its products are natural and pure.B．It provides meals to kids in need.C．It helps consumers live a balanced life.D．Its products contain essential minerals.2．How much should you pay if you buy monthly supply at a discount?A．About $ 45.B．About $ 10.C．About $ 90.D．About $ 75.3．What's the purpose of the text?A．To comment.B．To advertise.C．To offer tips.D．To entertain readers.A PhD student in Michigan defended her paper while wearing a skirt made of rejection letters she received while studying. 29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences — then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it. "The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed," she said. "A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way."Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science at Michigan State University, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process.As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture in Germany.Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds? "I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way," she joked heartily, "Maybe I'll make a longer skirt."4．What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?A．She received 17 rejections in total.B．29 of her rejections were from journals.C．The rejections were connected into a fan.D．She made some rejection letters into a skirt.5．What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?A．Favorable.B．Ambiguous.C．Skeptical.D．Opposed.6．Which of the following words can best describe Catlin?A．Creative and considerate.B．Caring and determined. C．Optimistic and humorous.D．Generous and intelligent.7．Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?A．Hard work pays off.B．Education is the entrance to success.C．Self-respect earns more respect.D．One needs to normalize failures.A team from Northwestern University has developed a soft, skin-interfaced sensor that can analyze the molecular (分子的) composition of sweat for things like cortisol, blood sugar, and vitamin C, sending the data to the wearer's smartphone. This data, the researchers hope, will allow people to better control their stress levels throughout the day.Cortisol, also called the stress hormone, can be measured in a person's sweat. Released from the adrenal glands (肾上腺) under periods of physical and mental stress, it can be a powerful performance enhancer—increasing energy production and glucose (葡萄糖) availability for the muscles during a "fight or flight" situation, for instance being attacked by a lion. However, cortisol can also be released because of modern stressors such as money problems, issues at work, and other day-to-day worries that if built up over time, create the chronic anxiety and can lead to an increased risk for diabetes, depression, high blood pressure and obesity.When someone wears the chip sweats, the liquid runs through small channels into a series of chemical test sensors that look for different biological signals which could suggest a rise in cortisol.Previous attempts in years past at creating devices like this were limited by the need to take sweat samples to laboratories for analysis, removing any ability for the individual to act on the data in a way that might prevent buildup of stressful feelings, or even an anxiety attack.Such a device could be paramount in helping people relieve depressive or stressful feelings (not least because exercising hard enough to cause sweating helps with anxiety on its own).Furthermore, the percent of the population of American adults with regular feelings of worry, nervousness, or anxiety is around 11.2%, while there are nearly 60 million doctors'visits where mental or behavioral health is the chief concern. Putting power into patients' hands—in the form of a detailed diagnosis of cortisol levels, could help significantly to lower those numbers.8．What's the function of the newly developed sensor?A．To examine the component of sweat.B．To show when one lacks vitamin.C．To connect wearable devices to smartphones.D．To control people's stress levels the whole day.9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A．What may create the profile of chronic anxiety.B．What may cause the release of the stress hormone.C．How cortisol can enhance one's energy production.D．How cortisol can be measured in a person's sweat.10．Which of the following can replace the underlined word?A．Significant.B．Useless.C．Accessible.D．Weak.11．Where is this text most likely from?A．A product review.B．A guidebook.C．A magazine.D．A science fiction.There is an "environmental silver lining" as a result of the coronavirus (冠状病毒) —carbon emissions have been reduced by more than 4%, many wildlife markets around the world have been shuttered and air quality in some places has slightly improved, Dave Ford, founder of the environmental literacy organization SoulBuffalo, says.But thanks to an increase in pandemic-related, non-recyclable materials such as take-out plastic containers and masks, 30% more waste has entered our oceans, he notes. "There's 129 billion facemasks being made every month—enough that you could cover the entire country of Switzerland with facemasks at the end of this year if trends continue," he says. "And a lot of these masks are ending up in the water." The masks look like jellyfish—in other words, food—to turtles and other wildlife creatures, thus, attractive to those animals and then endangering them, he says.Very little of the plastic we use is actually recyclable. Sharon Lerner of The Intercepttold Here & Now last year that "the vast majority of plastic that has ever been produced—79%—has actually ended up in landfills or burned, but not refashioned into new products." Even if the plastics we have can be reused, Ford says recycling programs across the globe are facing drastic budget cuts."We're starting to see recycling programs shuttered, waste picking communities operating at 50% or actually shutting down. They are the last line of defense between plastic and the environment," he says.Last year, Unilever planned to cut its use of non-recycled plastics in half by 2025. In an interview with Here & Now, Richard Slater, Unilever's chief research and development officer, drew on the industry argument that plastic packaging is lighter, which means less shipping and therefore fewer dangerous emissions that cause climate change.Yes, plastics are lightweight and can cut down on fuel spending. But on the other hand, plastic waste is being found in every facet of life—even in the deepest ocean.12．What does "environmental silver lining" in Papagraph 1 refer to?A．An environmental organization.B．The closure of some wildlife markets.C．The decrease of carbon dioxide emissions.D．Benefits on environment from the coronavirus.13．Why are facemasks appealing to some sea creatures?A．They resemble the sea creatures' food.B．They contain certain unique chemicals.C．Many sea creatures like to chase plastic by nature.D．There is a continuous shortage of food in the ocean.14．What can we learn about the plastic waste?A．Most of it is recycled into new products.B．The majority of it is buried or burned.C．129 billion facemasks end up in the ocean.D．There is enough budget for plastic recycling.15．Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A．Plastic can cut down fuel spendingB．Recycling programs are shutting downC．The coronavirus has caused more ocean plasticD．Solutions to ocean plastic pollution are being explored二、七选五A popular person is someone who is admired, appreciated, or loved by their peers. Others want to be associated with them, and they have plenty of friends. A popular person usually has a high social status in their peer group. ___16___Care about your appearance.Taking pride in your appearance is one of the simplest ways to improve your social prospects and alter the way people think about you. You do not have to wear expensive or fashionable clothes to become popular. ___17___Be confident.If you want people to like you for who you are, you have to also like yourself. ___18___ When people notice the confident way you hold yourself, they'll realize you are someone worth being around.Join in.___19___ Don't walk the halls with your head lowered or skip lunch because you have no one to sit with; talk to people and get to know them. Show an interest in what's going on around you. Take part in classes like art and PE as these are often cooperative, team-building environments. Before long you'll start to pick up on what people are like and begin make friends that share common interests.___20___Spend time hanging out with a lot of different people. People who are truly popular are comfortable being friendly with everyone they meet with. Don't just be friends with one group or type of person, but make an effort to get to know everyone. You'll begin bridging gaps in separate groups and become known as a person that brings people together. A．Diversify your social circle.B．Be kind to people outside your group.C．These are some factors which can lead to a natural popularity.D．Involve yourself in other students and participate in the same activities.E．You might not notice it but eventually you will get to know the benefits of appearance. F．Instead, aim to look decent at all times, including your hairstyles and personal tidiness.G．Remind yourself of your positive features and try to let those be the ones you display to others.三、完形填空A 70-year-old Air Force veteran (退伍军人) from Salem, Illinois is being praised as a hero for his good deed.Marshall Helm had been _____21_____ his granddaughter to the bus stop early in the morning when the smoke and _____22_____ arising from the house next door _____23_____ his attention. Helm _____24_____ to the endangered home and threw open the garage door only to find flames climbing up one of the building walls. _____25_____, at that very moment he did not _____26_____ to charge past the flames and into the house so he could make sure his neighbors were _____27_____.Gary and Kathy Benjamin had been _____28_____ upstairs when they awoke to hear Helm shouting about the fire. Although they were confused by the _____29_____ and had no time to figure out what had happened, they _____30_____ to run into the hallway and escape with Helm through the back door just as the flames were swallowing the _____31_____ through which he had come in only a minute before. Thanks to Helm's quick _____32_____, the Benjamins suffered only _____33_____ smoke intake—and even though they lost their home in the fire, they are simply _____34_____ to Helm for saving their lives."Lifesaver—lifesaver is all I can say," Mr. Benjamin said. His wife added, "Hero, he's our _____35_____."21．A．walking B．running C．observing D．approaching 22．A．winds B．flames C．smells D．dust 23．A．kept B．discovered C．drew D．appealed 24．A．came in B．ran over C．moved around D．woke up 25．A．Instead B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However 26．A．need B．agree C．hesitate D．doubt 27．A．normal B．steady C．peaceful D．safe 28．A．sleeping B．dancing C．reading D．chatting 29．A．comment B．challenge C．message D．chaos 30．A．pretended B．managed C．expected D．permitted31．A．window B．living room C．passage D．garage door 32．A．actions B．reports C．instructions D．assessments 33．A．heavy B．minor C．tough D．influential 34．A．grateful B．close C．humorous D．equal 35．A．adviser B．neighbor C．angel D．conductor四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

河北省五个一名校联盟2021届高三下学期第一次诊断考试文综地理试题第I卷（选择题共44分）本卷共11小题，每小题4分，共44分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

2021年11月5日，首届中国国际进口博览会在上海开幕。

172个国家、地区和国际组织参会，3600多家企业带着各具特色的优质产品和服务闪亮登场。

据此完成1-2题。

1. 首届中国国际进口博览会会址选在上海，主要是因为上海①基础设施完善，交通便利②人口众多，消费能力强③经济发达，辐射能力强④工业协作条件好，发展快A. ①②B. ②④C. ③④D. ①③2. 172个国家、地区和国际组织的3600多家企业参加首届中国国际进口博览会，说明了A. 中外经济互补性强B. 中国市场广阔C. 世界性工业品过剩D. 中国消费升级2021年11月3日，突发山体滑坡形成的堰塞体阻断了金沙江。

下图示意金沙江某段河流及附近等高线地形图，据此完成3-5题。

3. 山体滑坡之前，河流①②段 BA. ①处流向②处西南流向东北B. ①处流向②处东北流向西南C. ②处流向①处西南流向东北D. ②处流向①处东北流向西南4. 若堰塞体上游河流流量稳定，在堰塞体在自然崩溃之前，则①处水位变化为A B C D5. 山体滑坡发生后，在等高线地形图中滑坡处的相应等高线BA. 没有变化B. 向高海拔处凸出C. 向低海拔处凸出D. 趋于平直2021年，美国费城城市空地35575块，空地地块密度达97块/km2，下图示意2021年美国费城城市空地分布格局，据此完成6-8题。

6. 美国费城城市空地总体格局是A. 南北密中稀疏B. 北密南疏中集中C. 南北稀疏中密集D. 北疏南密中集中7. 美国费城城市空地形成的主要原因是A. 商业区外迁B. 工业企业搬迁C. 预留的城市绿地D. 废弃的学校用地8. 解决费城城市空地问题的主要措施是A. 强制收归国有，大力发展加工工业B. 实施城市空地临时开发利用制度，提高土地利用率C. 建设高标准的城市绿地，打造花园城市D. 发展高新技术产业和高端服务业，吸引人口回流2021年7月22日12时30分前后，某天气系统的中心在上海市崇明岛沿海登陆，登陆时中心附近最大风力达10级，中心最低气压为982百帕。

学校：________ 班级：________ 姓名：_______ 考生号：_______河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三第二次诊断考试化学注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置．2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号．回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上．写在本试卷上无效．3．考试结束后，将答题卡交回． 可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1C 12O 16Na 23Al 27Cl 35.5K 39Ti 48Cr 52Fe 56----------一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．化学与社会、生活密切相关．下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．节日焰火的五彩缤纷是某些金属元素化学性质的展现B ．新型冠状病毒肺炎威胁着人们的身体健康，外岀归来，应立即向全身喷洒高浓度的“84”消毒液C ．用浸泡过高锰酸钾溶液的硅藻土保鲜水果D ．向煤中加入石灰石作为脱硫剂，可以减少2SO 的排放，最终生成3CaSO2．德国著名行业杂志《应用化学》上曾刊登介绍：某中德联合研究小组设计制造了一种“水瓶”，用富勒烯()60C 的球形笼子作“瓶体”，一种磷酸盐作“瓶盖”，恰好可将一个水分子关在里面．下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．“水瓶”、 42CuSO 5H O ⋅都是混合物 B ．熔点：金刚石60C >C ．一定条件下，石墨转化为60C 是物理变化D ．磷酸钙是强电解质，其组成元素均为短周期元素 3．A N 是阿伏加德罗常数的值．下列说法错误的是（ ） A ．21molH O 和足量22Na O 充分反应后，转移电子总数为A 2N B ．标准状况下，39g 苯中含有的C H -数目为A 3NC ．12g 由3H 和18O 组成的水中，中子数和电子数之和为A 12ND ．13g 乙炔中含有的π键的数目为A N4．实验室从废定影液[含()3232Ag S O -和Br -等]中回收Ag 和2Br 的主要步骤为：下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．分液时，先放出水相再从上口倒出有机相B ．在空气中用蒸发皿高温灼烧2Ag S 制取AgC ．过滤时，为加快滤液流下，可以用玻璃棒轻轻搅拌漏斗中的液体D ．可以利用二氧化锰与稀盐酸反应制备氧化Br -的2Cl5．常温下，向120mL0.10mol L -⋅的二元酸2H A 溶液中滴加相同浓度的NaOH 溶液，2H A 溶液中存在的微粒有22HA A H O H OH --+-、、、、，下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．2H A 的电离方程式为22H A H HA ,HA H A +--+-++B ．当V(NaOH)10mL =时，溶液的pH 7<C ．当V(NaOH)30mL =时，溶液中有()()()()22c OH c ?A 2c H c HA --+-+=+ D ．当V(NaOH)20mL =时，溶液中有()()()()()2c Na c HA c ?A c OH c H +---+--=-6．W X Y Z 、、、为原子序数依次增大的四种短周期主族元素，A B C D E 、、、、为上述四种元素中的两种或三种所组成的化合物．已知A 的相对分子质量为28，B 分子中含有18个电子，常温时，化合物E 是有特殊香味的液体，五种化合物间的转化关系如图所示．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．化合物A C E 、、均不溶于水B ．W X 、组成化合物只含极性共价键C．原子半径：X Y W>>D．Z的钠盐会促进水的电离7．用下列仪器或装置（图中夹持装置略）进行相应实验，不能达到实验目的的是（）8．柠檬醛有浓郁柠檬香味，存在于枫芧油和山苍子油中，可用于制造柑橘香味食品香料．下列关于柠檬醛的说法正确的是（）A．柠檬醛存在分子内氢键B．柠檬醛能使溴水褪色，证明碳碳双键存在C．柠檬醛分子中有一个手性碳原子D．柠檬醛分子中所有碳原子可能共面9．硫酰氯()22SO Cl是一种重要的磺化试剂，其可利用2222SO(g)Cl(g)SO Cl(g)H0+∆<制备．100℃时，该反应的压强平衡常数31K 4.110kPa--=⨯，在恒温恒容的容器中发生反应，下列说法正确的是（）A．已知硫酰氯结构式为O||||OCl S Cl--，硫酰氯每个原子均达到8电子稳定结构B．容器内气体的平均摩尔质量不变时，反应达到平衡C．温度升高，平衡逆向移动，反应的压强平衡常数增大D．上述制备硫酰氯的反应，在高温下自发10．2NaClO是一种重要的杀菌消毒剂，也常用来漂白织物等，“有效氯含量”可用来衡量含氯消毒剂的消毒能力，其定义是：每克含氯消毒剂的氧化能力相当于多少克2Cl的氧化能力．2NaClO的一种生产工艺如下：下列说法错误的是（ ） A ．2NaClO 中Cl 的化合价为3+B ．“反应”步骤中生成2ClO 的化学方程式为3224242NaClO SO H SO 2ClO 2NaHSO +++C ．“尾气吸收”是吸收“电解”过程排出的少量2ClO ，此吸收反应中，氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1:2D ．2NaClO 的“有效氯含量”为1.57g二、选择题：本题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项或两项符合题目要求．若正确答案只包括一个选项，多选时，该小题得0分；若正确答案包括两个选项，只有一个且正确的得2分，选两个且都正确的得4分，但只要选错一个，该小题得0分．11．下列实验操作和现象及所得到的结论均正确的是（ ）12．钠硫电池作为一种新型化学电源，具有体积小、容量大、寿命长、效率高等重要优点．其结构与工作原理如图所示，下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．放电过程中，A 极为电源正极B ．放电过程中，电池总反应为2x 2Na xS Na S +C ．充电过程中，Na +由A 极移动到B 极D ．充电过程中，外电路中流过0.01mol 电子，负极材料增重0.23g13．甲烷分子结构具有高对称性且C H -键能()1440kJ mol -⋅较大，无催化剂作用下甲烷在温度达到1200℃以上才可裂解．在催化剂及一定条件下，4CH 可在较低温度下发生裂解反应，甲烷在镍基催化剂上转化过程中的能量变化如图所示．下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．甲烷催化裂解的热化学反应方程式为142CH (g)C(s)2H (g)H akJ mol (a 0)-+∆=+⋅>B ．步骤①、②、③反应均为放热反应C ．催化剂使用一段时间后失活的原因可能是碳在催化剂表面沉积D ．使用该催化剂能够有效提高4CH 的平衡转化率14．常温下，向10.10mol L -⋅的二元弱酸2H A 溶液中滴加相同浓度的烧碱溶液，溶液中的22H A HA A--、、的物质的量分数(X)δ随pH 的变化如图所示[已知()()()22c(X)(X)c H A c HA c A δ--=++]，下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．()a22K H A 的数量级为510-B ．常温下，10.1mol L -⋅的NaHA 溶液显酸性C ．NaHA 溶液中：()()()()22c OH c A c H c H A --++=+ D ．pH 从1.2变化至4.2的过程中，()()22c H A c A -先增大后减小15．反应2222H (g)2NO(g)2H O(g)N (g)++的速率方程为()2v kc H c (NO)αβ=，该反应在不同条件下的反应速率如下：下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．21T T > B ．2,1αβ==C ．其他条件不变时，反应体系中四种物质浓度的改变，只有反应物浓度改变对v 有影响，且c(NO)影响较大D ．12T (NO)0.1mo c l L -=⋅、条件下，反应速率为8v ，则()12c H 0.3mol L -=⋅三、非选择题：共60分．第16~18题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答．第19~20题为选考题，考生根据要求作答．（一）必考题（本题包括3小题，共45分）16．（15分）新型净水剂高铁酸钾()24K FeO 为暗紫色有光泽粉末，微溶于KOH 溶液，在中性或酸性溶液中逐渐分解，在碱性溶液中稳定，具有高效的消毒作用，是一种新型非氯高效消毒剂．实验小组用下列两种方法制备高铁酸钾． I ．湿式氧化法制备24K FeO（1）A 中反应的离子方程式为______________________．（2）实验过程中发现浓盐酸不能持续滴下，装置的改进方案是____________________（写出一种）． （3）B 中得到紫色固体和溶液，B 中反应的化学方程式为____________________． （4）试剂M 是__________，其作用为____________________．Ⅱ．实验室模拟工业电解法制取24K FeO ，用镍(Ni)、铁作电极电解浓KOH 溶液制备24K FeO 的装置如图1所示．（5）Fe 电极作________极（填“阴”或“阳”）．（6）Fe 电极的电极反应式为____________________________________．（7）高铁电池是正在研制中的可充电干电池，图2为该电池和常用的高能碱性电池的放电曲线，由此可得出的高铁电池的优点有______、________．17．（15分）实验室以铬铁矿（主要成分是()22Fe CrO ，还含有少量2SiO 、23Al O 等杂质）为原料制备重铬酸钾晶体（227K Cr O 相对分子质量为294）的流程如下：已知：①232322Na CO Al O 2NaAlO CO ++↑高温②2242722CrO 2HCr O H O,pH 3.0-+-++<时，24CrO -含量极小请回答下列问题：（1）①()22Fe CrO 中各元素化合价均为整数，则Cr 为___________价，将它用氧化物的形式表示为__________________．②“操作1”的反应条件是高温，写出主要的化学反应化学方程式___________________________． ③“操作1”中的反应，在常温下的反应速率较慢，为使反应速率增大，除升高温度外，还可采取的措施为__________________、__________________（写出两条）．（2）固体X 中主要含有_______________（填写化学式），固体Y 中主要含有_______________（填写化学式）．（3）3Fe +在pH 为3.7时可完全转化为3Fe(OH)．在上述流程中所得227Na Cr O 溶液中含有少量3Fe +．请结合右图有关物质的溶解度曲线，设计由227Na Cr O 溶液制备227K Cr O 固体的实验方案：__________（实验中须选用的试剂：硫酸、NaOH 溶液、KCl 固体、蒸馏水）．（4）某工厂用76kg 铬铁矿粉（含23Cr O 40%）制备227K Cr O ，最终得到产品41.16kg ，则产率为________．18．（15分）乙醇水蒸气重整制氢是一种来源广泛的制备氢气的方法，主要反应为： ①25222C H OH(g)3H O(g)6H (g)2CO (g)++ 1H ∆同时发生如下反应： ②2524C H OH(g)H (g)CO(g)CH (g)++ 12H 49.6kJ mol -∆=+⋅③222CO(g)H O(g)CO (g)H (g)++ 13H 41.4kJ mol -∆=-⋅（1）根据图1信息，计算反应①的1H ∆=______________．（2）已知在某催化剂作用下，乙醇的转化率、氢气的产率和体系中含碳物质百分含量随温度的变化如图2所示．随着温度的升高，2CO 的百分含量先增大后减小的原因为______________；催化剂发挥作用的最佳温度是_________________________．（3）一定温度下，在2L 恒容密闭容器中，充入2520.8?m olC H OH(g),1.5molH O(g)发生反应5min 达到平衡，测得4CH (g)的浓度为10.1mol L ,CO(g)-⋅的浓度为120.05mol L ,CO (g)-⋅的浓度为10.45mol L -⋅，达到平衡时，反应①乙醇的转化率为______，反应①的K =_________（列出计算式，不要求计算）． （4）A ．Akande 等硏究了23NiAl O 催化剂上乙醇水蒸气重整反应的性能，提出了粗略的反应机理，如图3所示，其中25C H OH 分解为该反应的决速步骤．①在此反应历程中，所需活化能最大的步骤是_______________．②反应物在催化剂表面的吸附，对于此反应的进行起着至关重要的作用，可以提高25C H OH 在催化剂表面的吸附速率的措施为__________（填标号）．a ．提高水蒸气的浓度b ．增大乙醇蒸气的分压c ．增大催化剂的比表面积d ．降低产物浓度 ③乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应，在其他条件一定的情况下，不同催化剂对氢气产率的影响如图4所示，M 点处氢气的产率___（填“可能是”“一定是”或“一定不是”）该反应的平衡产率，原因为________．（二）选考题：共15分，请考生从2道选题中任选一题作答，并用2B 铅笔将答题卡上的所选题目对应题号涂黑，按所涂题号进行评分；多涂、多答，按所涂的首题进行评分；不涂，按本选考题的首题进行评分．19．[选修3：物质结构与性质]（15分）“嫦娥五号”首次实现了我国地外天体采样返回，它的成功发射标志着我国航天向前迈出了一大步．其制作材料中包含了Ti Fe Al Cr Ni Mo S O 、、、、、、、等多种元素．回答下列问题：（1）铬(Cr)、钼(Mo)位于同一副族相邻周期，且Mo 的原子序数更大，则基态Mo 原子的核外电子排布式为_________；基态3Mo +最高能层中成对电子与单电子的数目比为__________．（2）S 与O 可形成多种酸根离子，其中23SO -的空间构型为____________，S 原子的杂化轨道类型为________________，其键角小于24SO -的原因为_________________． （3）2Ni +与丁二酮肟生成鲜红色丁二酮肟镍沉淀（），该反应可用于检验2Ni +．丁二酮肟镍中存在的化学键____________有（填标号）．A ．离子键B ．配位键C ．氢键D ．金属键E ．范德华力F ．共价键（4）23Al O α-是“嫦娥五号”中用到的一种耐火材料，其具有熔点高()2054C ︒、硬度大的特点，其主要原因为___________________．（5）“嫦娥五号”某核心部件主要成分为纳米钛铝合金，其结构单元如图所示（Al Ti 、原子各有一个原子在结构单元内部），则该合金的化学式为_______________．已知该合金的密度为3g cm ρ-⋅，该结构单元底面（正六边形）边长为anm ，则结构单元的高h 为__________nm （列出计算式，设A N 为阿伏加德罗常数的值）．20．[选修5：有机化学基础]（15分）有机物J 是合成抗肿瘤药物的重要中间体，其合成路线如下：已知：i ．TBSCl 为ii ．iii ．（1）J 中含有的官能团名称为___________．（2）试剂a 的结构简式为___________．（3）TBSCl 的作用为___________．（4）G 中含有两个酯基，G 的结构简式为___________．（5）H I →的反应方程式为___________．（6）A 的同分异构体满足下列条件，其结构简式为___________（任写一种）．①含有仅碳原子构成的六元环②不与Na 反应③核磁共振氢谱为6组峰，且峰面积比为1:2:2:3:4:6（7）以和为原料，合成，写出路线流程图（无机试剂和不超过2个碳的有机试剂任选）． 河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三第二次诊断考试化学参考答案一、选择题：本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．C二、选择题：本题共5小题，毎小题4分，共20分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项或两项符合题目要求．若正确答案只包括一个选项，多选时，该小题得0分；若正确答案包括两个选项，只有一个且正确的得2分，选两个且都正确的得4分，但只要选错一个，该小题得0分．11．C 12．AC 13．BD 14．D 15．AC三、非选择题：共60分．第16~18题为必考题，毎个试题考生都必须作答．第19~20题为选考题，考生根据要求作答．16．（15分）（1）24222MnO 16H 10Cl 2Mn 5Cl 8H O -+-++++↑+（2分）（2）将分液漏斗改为恒压滴液漏斗（或恒压分液漏斗），或者在分液漏斗与圆底烧瓶间连接一段橡皮管（2分）（其他答案合理可酌情给分）（3）232423Cl 2Fe(OH)10KOH 2K FeO 6KCl 8H O ++++（2分）（4）碱石灰（2分） 吸收氯气，防止污染空气（1分）（5）阳（2分）（6）242Fe 8OH 6e FeO 4H O ---+-+（2分）（7）放电时间长（1分） 工作电压稳定（1分）17．（15分）（1）3+①（1分） 23FeO Cr O ⋅（2分）②()22232324224Fe CrO 7O 8Na CO 2Fe O 8Na CrO 8CO ++++高温（2分）③将原料粉碎、使用催化剂等（2分，各1分）（2）23Fe O （2分） 323Al(OH)H SiO 、（2分，各1分）（3）向227Na Cr O 溶液中加入适量NaOH 调节pH 大于3.7，过滤，向滤液中加入硫酸溶液至pH 小于3.0，再加入适量KCl 固体，蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶、过滤、洗涤、干燥（2分）（其他答案合理可酌情给分）（4）70%（2分）18．（15分）（1）1183.5kJ mol -+⋅（2分）（2）低温时以反应①为主，反应①为吸热反应，随着温度的升高平衡正向移动，2CO 的产率增大，高温时以反应③为主，反应③为放热反应，随着温度升高平衡逆向移动，产率下降（2分）（其他答案合理可酌情给分） 723K （1分） （3）50%（2分） 2630.45 1.350.10.1⨯⨯（2分） （4）①步骤Ⅱ（1分） ②bc （2分）③一定不是（1分） M 点处氢气的产率率小于其他催化剂作用下氢气的产率，催化剂不影响平衡转化率（2分）（其他答案合理可酌情给分）9．（15分）（1）226261026511s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s 或51[Kr]4d 5s （2分） 8:3（1分）（2）三角锥形（1分） 3sp （1分） 23SO -与24SO -中S 原子都是3sp 杂化，24SO -中无孤电子对，23SO -中有一对孤电子对，孤电子对与成键电子对间的斥力更大，导致23SO -中键角小于24SO -（2分）（其他答案合理可酌情给分）（3）BF （2分）（4）23Al O 为离子晶体，3Al +和2O -离子半径较小，离子所带电荷数较多，晶格能大，熔点高，硬度大（2分）（其他答案合理可酌情给分）（5）115Ti Al （1分）2110或212A 48112753310a N ρ-⨯+⨯（3分） 20．（15分）（1）酯基（2分）（2）2H C CHMgBr =（2分）（3）保护2CH OH -（2分）（4）（2分）（5）（2分）（6）或（答案合理即可）（2分）（7）（3分）（其他答案合理可酌情给分）。

河北省“五个一”名校联盟2021届高三化学下学期5月联考试题（含解析）可能用到的相对原子质量：O-16 V-51第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题：在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.化学与科技、社会、生活有着密切的联系。

下列有关说法正确的是（）A. N95口罩的原材料聚丙烯是一种天然有机高分子化合物B. 汉代烧制的“明如镜、声如磬”的瓷器，其主要原料为黏土C. 利用酒精的强氧化性可以灭活新型冠状病毒D. “纷纷灿烂如星陨，㸌㸌喧豗似火攻”描述了钠、铁等金属的焰色反应【答案】B【解析】【详解】A．聚丙烯是合成有机高分子化合物，不是天然有机高分子化合物，故A错误；B．陶瓷为硅酸盐材料，其主要原料为黏士，故B正确；C．酒精可以使蛋白质变性，但不具有强氧化性，故C错误；D．铁元素的焰色反应发出的光在可见光范围之外，故D错误；故选：B。

2.冠醚分子中有空穴，能够与金属离子形成稳定的络合物，该物质在有机工业中发挥着重要的作用。

二环己烷并—18—冠—6（Ⅲ）的制备原理如图，下列相关说法错误的是（）A. Ⅰ不能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色B. 能用Na鉴别Ⅰ和ⅢC. 该反应是取代反应D. Ⅲ的一溴取代物有5种【答案】A【解析】【详解】A．Ⅰ含有羟基，且与羟基相连的碳原子上有氢原子，可被酸性高锰酸钾氧化，高锰酸钾溶液褪色，故A错误；B．Ⅰ含有羟基，可与钠反应生成氢气，而Ⅲ与钠不反应，可鉴别，故B正确；C．反应中-OH中的H被替代，为取代反应，故C正确；D．Ⅲ结构对称，含有如图所示5种H，则一氯代物有5种，故D正确；故选：A。

3.下列有关仪器的使用方法或实验操作正确的是（）A. 用坩埚灼烧干海带制海带灰B 蒸馏时，温度计水银球插入液面以下C. 用长颈漏斗分离CCl4萃取碘后的水层与有机层D. 用容量瓶配制溶液时，若加水超过刻度线，用胶头滴管吸出多余液体【答案】A【解析】【详解】A．灼烧干海带所需温度较高，需要在坩埚中进行，故A正确；B．蒸馏时温度计测定馏分的温度，温度计的水银球在蒸馏烧瓶的支管口处，故B错误；C．萃取应选分液漏斗，用分液漏斗分离CCl4萃取碘后的水层与有机层，故C错误；D．若加水超过刻度线，配制失败，应重新配制，故D错误；故答案为A。