2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷.理)含答案

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 F 19 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 As 75 I 127 Sm 150一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。

共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．在真核细胞的内质网和细胞核中能够合成的物质分别是A．脂质、RNAB．氨基酸、蛋白质C．RNA、DNAD．DNA、蛋白质2．马铃薯块茎储藏不当会出现酸味，这种现象与马铃薯块茎细胞的无氧呼吸有关。

下列叙述正确的是A．马铃薯块茎细胞无氧呼吸的产物是乳酸和葡萄糖B．马铃薯块茎细胞无氧呼吸产生的乳酸是由丙酮酸转化而来C．马铃薯块茎细胞无氧呼吸产生丙酮酸的过程不能生成ATPD．马铃薯块茎储藏库中氧气浓度的升高会增加酸味的产生3．某种H﹢-ATPase是一种位于膜上的载体蛋白，具有ATP水解酶活性，能够利用水解ATP释放的能量逆浓度梯度跨膜转运H﹢。

①将某植物气孔的保卫细胞悬浮在一定pH的溶液中（假设细胞内的pH高于细胞外），置于暗中一段时间后，溶液的pH不变。

②再将含有保卫细胞的该溶液分成两组，一组照射蓝光后溶液的pH明显降低；另一组先在溶液中加入H﹢-ATPase的抑制剂（抑制ATP水解），再用蓝光照射，溶液的pH不变。

根据上述实验结果，下列推测不合理的是A．H﹢-ATPase位于保卫细胞质膜上，蓝光能够引起细胞内的H﹢转运到细胞外B．蓝光通过保卫细胞质膜上的H﹢-ATPase发挥作用导致H﹢逆浓度梯度跨膜运输C．H﹢-ATPase逆浓度梯度跨膜转运H﹢所需的能量可由蓝光直接提供D．溶液中的H﹢不能通过自由扩散的方式透过细胞质膜进入保卫细胞4．当人体失水过多时，不会发生的生理变化是A．血浆渗透压升高B．产生渴感C．血液中的抗利尿激素含量升高D．肾小管对水的重吸收降低5．某种植物的羽裂叶和全缘叶是一对相对性状。

绝密★本科目考试启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）理科综合测试物理注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56I 127二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。

光子能量在1.63 eV~3.10 eV的光为可见光。

要使处于基态（n=1）的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为A．12.09 eV B．10.20 eV C．1.89 eV D．1.5l eV15．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强电场，两个带电小球P和Q用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A ．P 和Q 都带正电荷B ．P 和Q 都带负电荷C ．P 带正电荷，Q 带负电荷D ．P 带负电荷，Q 带正电荷16．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。

若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s ，产生的推力约为4.8×106 N ，则它在1 s 时间内喷射的气体质量约为A ．1.6×102 kgB ．1.6×103 kgC ．1.6×105 kgD ．1.6×106 kg17．如图，等边三角形线框LMN 由三根相同的导体棒连接而成，固定于匀强磁场中，线框平面与磁感应强度方向垂直，线框顶点M 、N 与直流电源两端相接，已如导体棒MN 受到的安培力大小为F ，则线框LMN 受到的安培力的大小为A ．2FB ．1.5FC ．0.5FD ．018．如图，篮球架下的运动员原地垂直起跳扣篮，离地后重心上升的最大高度为H 。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文本试卷共22题，共150分，共10页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

杜甫之所以能有集大成之成就，是因为他有可以集大成之容量。

而其所以能有集大成之容量，最重要的因素，乃在于他生而禀有一种极为难得的健全才性——那就是他的博大、均衡与正常。

杜甫是一位感性与理性兼长并美的诗人，他一方面具有极大极强感性，可以深入到他接触的任何事物，把握住他所欲攫取的事物之精华；另一方面又有着极清明周至的理性，足以脱出于一切事物蒙蔽与局限，做到博观兼美而无所偏失。

这种优越的禀赋表现于他的诗中，第一点最可注意的成就，便是其汲取之博与途径之正。

就诗歌体式风格方面而言，古今长短各种诗歌他都能深入撷取尽得其长，而且不为一体所限，更能融会运用，开创变化，千汇万状而无所不工。

我们看他《戏为六绝句》之论诗，以及与当时诸大诗人，如李白、高适、岑参、王维、孟浩然等，酬赠怀念的诗篇中论诗的话，都可看到杜甫采择与欣赏的方面之广；而自其《饮中八仙歌》《曲江三章》《同谷七歌》等作中，则可见到他对各种诗体运用变化之神奇工妙；又如从《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》《北征》及“三吏”“三别”等五古之作中，可看到杜甫自汉魏五言古诗变化而出的一种新面貌。

就诗歌内容方面而言，杜甫更是无论妍媸巨细，悲欢忧喜，宇宙的一切人物情态，都能随物赋形，淋漓尽致地收罗笔下而无所不包，如写青莲居士之“飘然思不群”，写空谷佳人之“日暮倚修竹”；写丑拙则“袖露两肘”，写工丽则“燕子风斜”；写玉华宫之荒寂，予人以一片沉哀悲响；写洗兵马之欢忭，写出一片欣奋祝愿之情、其涵蕴之博与变化之多，都足以为其禀赋之博大、均衡与正常的证明。

其次值得注意的，则是杜甫严肃中之幽默与担荷中之欣赏，我以为每一位诗人对于其所面临的悲哀与艰苦，都各有其不同的反应态度，如渊明之任化，太白之腾跃，摩诘之禅解，子厚之抑敛。

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合·物理（全国Ⅰ卷）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。

光子能量在1.63 eV~3.10 eV的光为可见光。

要使处于基态（n=1）的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为A．12.09 eV B．10.20 eV C．1.89 eV D．1.5l eV15．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强电场，两个带电小球P和Q用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A ．P 和Q 都带正电荷B ．P 和Q 都带负电荷C ．P 带正电荷，Q 带负电荷D ．P 带负电荷，Q 带正电荷16．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。

若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s ，产生的推力约为4.8×106 N ，则它在1 s 时间内喷射的气体质量约为 A ．1.6×102 kg B ．1.6×103 kg C ．1.6×105 kgD ．1.6×106 kg17．如图，等边三角形线框LMN 由三根相同的导体棒连接而成，固定于匀强磁场中，线框平面与磁感应强度方向垂直，线框顶点M 、N 与直流电源两端相接，已如导体棒MN 受到的安培力大小为F ，则线框LMN 受到的安培力的大小为A ．2FB ．1.5FC ．0.5FD ．018．如图，篮球架下的运动员原地垂直起跳扣篮，离地后重心上升的最大高度为H 。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business. B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit. B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speedingSection BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn’s devotion to the family. B. Lynn’s busy and successful life.C. Lynn’s great performance at work.D. Lynn’s efficiency in conducting programs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Economic questions. B. Routine questions.C. Academic questions.D. Challenging questions.15. A. Work experience. B. Educational qualifications.C. Problem-solving abilities.D. Information-gathering abilities.16. A. Features of different types of interview. B. Skills in asking interview questions.C. Changes in three interview models.D. Suggestions for different job interviews. Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Latest Conference InformationDate: 8th 17Place: Palace 18 , ShanghaiRegistration fee: $ 19Speaker: Carla Marisco from Milan UniversitySpeech topic: Opportunities and Risks in the 20 MarketBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.An Interview with David, a Skateboarding (滑板运动) LoverWhat was David's schoolwork like? He was able to get his schoolwork done 21 .What was his only problem atschool?He was unable to 22 in class.Why did he say the newheadmaster was wonderful?He let students 23 of their own.How was his new style differentfrom other skaters?It was robot-like, with 24 .II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. —I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings ofotherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package b y the end of this year, ________ they mighthave.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they arewearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whichSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. restoreB. recallC. processingD. previouslyE. necessaryF. locatingG. insteadH. fascinatingI. elsewhereJ.As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the41 of our mother’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It’s42 how the brain cancarry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don’t learn to walk an we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such asimple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research aroundthe world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognitionto take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physicalfeatures of a person’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us.And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face weare looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly whenreacting to certain situations.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helpedreduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increasedwealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a resultof integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billionpeople, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of fivepercent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientistscall “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can onlyhear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music topieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music setthem apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact,most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or ashopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stayaway from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation.“I used to hate parties,”　says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discoveredthat she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how toidentify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who candefective hearing. Amusics can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involveunderstand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinaryspeech. Scientist s compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaretfelt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is aname for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me t I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say tha seventeen and not seventy.”　65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing ” is probably one who __________.A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics ’ strange behaviours.B. Some people ’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics. B69. According to Warranty Limitations , a product can be under warranty if __________. A. shipped from a Canadian factoryB. rented for home useC. repaired by the user himselfD. used in the U.S.A. 70. According to Owner ’s Responsibilities , an owner has to pay for __________.A. the loss of the sales receiptB. a servicer ’s ov ertime work Home Laundry Automatic Dryer ProductFull Two Year Warranty (保修)Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet (机箱)Warranty Provides for ：FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet whichproves faulty due to rust (生锈)。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）第Ⅰ卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business.B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit.B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speeding Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn’s devotion to the family. B. Lynn’s busy and successful life.C. Lynn’s great performance at work.D. Lynn’s efficiency in conducting programs. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Economic questions. B. Routine questions.C. Academic questions.D. Challenging questions.15. A. Work experience. B. Educational qualifications.C. Problem-solving abilities.D. Information-gathering abilities.16. A. Features of different types of interview. B. Skills in asking interview questions.C. Changes in three interview models.D. Suggestions for different job interviews. Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Latest Conference InformationDate: 8th 17Place: Palace 18 , ShanghaiRegistration fee: $ 19Speaker: Carla Marisco from Milan UniversitySpeech topic: Opportunities and Risks in the 20 MarketBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.An Interview with David, a Skateboarding (滑板运动) LoverII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. — I’m looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from26. Those who smoke heavily should remind ________ of health, the bad smell and the feelings of otherpeople.A. theirsB. themC. themselvesD. oneself27. Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ his key at school.A. had leftB. would leaveC. was leavingD. has left28. It’s a ________ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.A. charming French smallB. French small charmingC. small French charmingD. charming small French29. The school board is made up of parents who ________ to make decisions about school affairs.A. had been electedB. had electedC. have been electedD. have elected30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ they might have.A. however difficultB. how difficultC. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty31. The judges gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ________.A. to be worriedB. to worryC. having worriedD. worried32. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ society for real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored33. I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn’t working, so could you fix it for me?A. whatB. whyC. ifD. which34. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone35. Sophia got an e-mail ________ her credit card account number.A. asking forB. ask forC. asked forD. having asked for36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise ________ I am sitting.A. beforeB. untilC. unlessD. where37. ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.A. To lookB. LookingC. Having lookedD. Look38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what39. Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.A. isB. areC. is thereD. are there40. Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in ________ they arewearing.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whichSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As infants, we can recognize our mothers within hours of birth. In fact, we can recognize the41 of our mother’s face well before we can recognize her body shape. It’s 42 how the brain can carry out such a function at such a young age, especially since we don’t learn to walk and talk until we are over a year old. By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces. How can we remember so many faces when many of us find it difficult to 43 such a simple thing as a phone number? The exact process is not yet fully understood, but research around the world has begun to define the specific areas of the brain and processes 44 for facial recognition.Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe that they have succeeded in 45 a specific area of the brain called the fusiform face area (FFA), which is used only for facial recognition. This means that recognition of familiar objects such as our clothes or cars, is from 46 in the brain. Researchers also have found that the brain needs to see the whole face for recognition to take place. It had been 47 thought that we only needed to see certain facial features. Meanwhile, research at University College London has found that facial recognition is not a single process, but 48 involves three steps. The first step appears to be an analysis of the physical features of a person’s face, which is similar to how we scan the bar codes of our groceries. In the next step, the brain decides whether the face we are looking at is already known or unknown to us. And finally, the brain furnishes the information we have collected about the person whose face we are looking at. This complex 49 is done in a split second so that we can behave quickly when reacting to certain situations.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes 53 at an average rate of fivepercent—compared to two percent in developed countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually 58 from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to 60 their products may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain about globalization—there is no 63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64 now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. poverty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. exploring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. getting along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challengeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFor some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”65. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.66. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who __________.A. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system67. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that __________.A. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics68. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics’ strange behaviours.B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics.C. the product installationD. a mechanic’s transportation71. Which of the following is true according to the warranty?A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.CA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robotsinstead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis.”72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that __________.A. they had no model in their mindB. they did not have sufficient timeC. they had no ready-made componentsD. they could not assemble the components73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly __________.A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeC. can collect information from many sourcesD. has been put into wide application74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.D. Wood’s design can replace animals in some experiments.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life InsectD. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study Section CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.The use of health supplements such as multivitamin tablets has increased greatly in the westernworld. People take these supplements because advertising suggests that they prevent a range of medical conditions from developing. However, there is concern that people are consumingworryingly high doses of these supplements and the European Union (EU) has issued a directive that will ban the sale of a wide range of them. This EU directive should be supported.77.Research suggests that people who take Vitamin C supplements of over 5000 milligrams a dayare more likely to develop cancer. This shows how much damage these health supplements do to people’shealth. A spokesman forthe health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin C supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source.78. Science fiction of the 1960s and 1970s predicted that pills would replace meals as the way in which people would get the fuel they needed. This, it was argued, would mean a more efficient use of time as people wouldn’t have to waste it preparing or eating meals. The EU directive would help prevent this nightmare of pills replacing food becoming a reality.79. Peop0le already take too many pills instead of adopting a healthier lifestyle. For example, the consumption of painkillers in Britain in 1998 was 21 tablets per year for every man, woman and child in the country. People do not need all these pills.80. Some might argue that the EU directive denies people’s right to freedom of choice. However, there are many legal examples for such intervention when it is in the individual’s best interests. We now make people wear seatbelts rather than allowing them to choose to do so. Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.Section DDirections : Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non -fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” overtime. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression(压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except_______________.82. According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that _______________.83. What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?_______________.84. While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they werenot sure that _______________.第Ⅰ卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 今年元旦我们玩得很开心。

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127 一、选择题：本题共13个小题，每小题6分。

共78分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．下列有关高尔基体、线粒体和叶绿体的叙述，正确的是A．三者都存在于蓝藻中B．三者都含有DNAC．三者都是ATP合成的场所D．三者的膜结构中都含有蛋白质2．下列与真核生物细胞核有关的叙述，错误的是A．细胞中的染色质存在于细胞核中B．细胞核是遗传信息转录和翻译的场所C．细胞核是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心D．细胞核内遗传物质的合成需要能量3．下列不利于人体散热的是A．骨骼肌不自主战栗B．皮肤血管舒张C．汗腺分泌汗液增加D．用酒精擦拭皮肤4．若将n粒玉米种子置于黑暗中使其萌发，得到n株黄化苗。

那么，与萌发前的这n粒干种子相比，这些黄化苗的有机物总量和呼吸强度表现为A．有机物总量减少，呼吸强度增强B．有机物总量增加，呼吸强度增强C．有机物总量减少，呼吸强度减弱D．有机物总量增加，呼吸强度减弱5．下列关于人体组织液的叙述，错误的是A．血浆中的葡萄糖可以通过组织液进入骨骼肌细胞B．肝细胞呼吸代谢产生的CO2可以进入组织液中C．组织液中的O2可以通过自由扩散进入组织细胞中D．运动时，丙酮酸转化成乳酸的过程发生在组织液中6．假设在特定环境中，某种动物基因型为BB和Bb的受精卵均可发育成个体，基因型为bb的受精卵全部死亡。

现有基因型均为Bb的该动物1 000对（每对含有1个父本和1个母本），在这种环境中，若每对亲本只形成一个受精卵，则理论上该群体的子一代中BB、Bb、bb个体的数目依次为A．250、500、0B．250、500、250C．500、250、0D．750、250、07．化学与生活密切相关。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷）物 理一、单项选择题：本题共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分．每小题只有一个．．．．选项符合题意． 1．某理想变压器原、副线圈的匝数之比为1：10，当输入电压增加20 V 时，输出电压（A ）降低2 V （B ）增加2 V （C ）降低200 V （D ）增加200 V2．如图所示，一只气球在风中处于静止状态，风对气球的作用力水平向右．细绳与竖直方向的夹角为α，绳的拉力为T ，则风对气球作用力的大小为（A ）sin Tα （B ）cos T α （C ）T sin α （D ）T cos α3．如图所示的电路中，电阻R =2 Ω．断开S 后，电压表的读数为3 V ；闭合S 后，电压表的读数为2 V ，则电源的阻r 为（A ）1 Ω （B ）2 Ω （C ）3 Ω （D ）4 Ω4．1970年成功发射的“红一号”是我国第一颗人造地球卫星，该卫星至今仍沿椭圆轨道绕地球运动．如图所示，设卫星在近地点、远地点的速度分别为v 1、v 2，近地点到地心的距离为r ，地球质量为M ，引力常量为G ．则（A ）121,GM v v v r >= （B ）121,GM v v v r >>（C ）121,GM v v v r <=（D ）121,GM v v v r <> 5．一匀强电场的方向竖直向上，t =0时刻，一带电粒子以一定初速度水平射入该电场，电场力对粒子做功的功率为P ，不计粒子重力，则P -t 关系图象是二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题4分，共计16分．每小题有多个选项符合题意．全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分．错选或不答的得0分．6．如图所示，摩天轮悬挂的座舱在竖直平面做匀速圆周运动．座舱的质量为m ，运动半径为R ，角速度大小为ω，重力加速度为g ，则座舱（A ）运动周期为2πRω（B ）线速度的大小为ωR（C ）受摩天轮作用力的大小始终为mg（D ）所受合力的大小始终为m ω2R7．如图所示，在光滑的水平桌面上，a 和b 是两条固定的平行长直导线，通过的电流强度相等． 矩形线框位于两条导线的正中间，通有顺时针方向的电流，在a 、b 产生的磁场作用下静止．则a 、b 的电流方向可能是（A）均向左（B）均向右（C）a的向左，b的向右（D）a的向右，b的向左8．如图所示，轻质弹簧的左端固定，并处于自然状态．小物块的质量为m，从A点向左沿水平地面运动，压缩弹簧后被弹回，运动到A点恰好静止．物块向左运动的最大距离为s，与地面间的动摩擦因数为μ，重力加速度为g，弹簧未超出弹性限度．在上述过程中（A）弹簧的最大弹力为μmg（B）物块克服摩擦力做的功为2μmgs（C）弹簧的最大弹性势能为μmgs（D）物块在A点的初速度为2gs9．如图所示，ABC为等边三角形，电荷量为+q的点电荷固定在A点．先将一电荷量也为+q 的点电荷Q1从无穷远处（电势为0）移到C点，此过程中，电场力做功为-W．再将Q1从C 点沿CB移到B点并固定．最后将一电荷量为-2q的点电荷Q2从无穷远处移到C点．下列说确的有（A）Q1移入之前，C点的电势为W q（B）Q1从C点移到B点的过程中，所受电场力做的功为0（C）Q2从无穷远处移到C点的过程中，所受电场力做的功为2W （D）Q2在移到C点后的电势能为-4W三、简答题：本题分必做题（第10~12题）和选做题（第13题）两部分，共计42分．请将解答填写在答题卡相应的位置．【必做题】10．（8分）某兴趣小组用如题10-1图所示的装置验证动能定理．（1）有两种工作频率均为50 Hz 的打点计时器供实验选用：A ．电磁打点计时器B ．电火花打点计时器为使纸带在运动时受到的阻力较小，应选择 （选填“A ”或“B ”）．（题10-1图）（2）保持长木板水平，将纸带固定在小车后端，纸带穿过打点计时器的限位孔．实验中，为消除摩擦力的影响，在砝码盘中慢慢加入沙子，直到小车开始运动．同学甲认为此时摩擦力的影响已得到消除．同学乙认为还应从盘中取出适量沙子，直至轻推小车观察到小车做匀速运动．看确的同学是 （选填“甲”或“乙”）．（3）消除摩擦力的影响后，在砝码盘中加入砝码．接通打点计时器电源，松开小车，小车运动．纸带被打出一系列点，其中的一段如题10-2图所示．图中纸带按实际尺寸画出，纸带上A 点的速度v A = m/s ．（题10-2图）（4）测出小车的质量为M ，再测出纸带上起点到A 点的距离为L ．小车动能的变化量可用ΔE k =212A Mv 算出．砝码盘中砝码的质量为m ，重力加速度为g ；实验中，小车的质量应 （选填“远大于”“远小于”或“接近”）砝码、砝码盘和沙子的总质量，小车所受合力做的功可用W=mgL 算出．多次测量，若W 与ΔE k 均基本相等则验证了动能定理．11．（10分）某同学测量一段长度已知的电阻丝的电阻率．实验操作如下：（1）螺旋测微器如题11-1图所示．在测量电阻丝直径时，先将电阻丝轻轻地夹在测砧与测微螺杆之间，再旋动（选填“A”“B”或“C”），直到听见“喀喀”的声音，以保证压力适当，同时防止螺旋测微器的损坏．（题11–1图）（2）选择电阻丝的（选填“同一”或“不同”）位置进行多次测量，取其平均值作为电阻丝的直径．（3）题11-2甲图中R x，为待测电阻丝．请用笔画线代替导线，将滑动变阻器接入题11-2乙图实物电路中的正确位置．（题11-2甲图）（题11-2乙图）（4）为测量R，利用题11-2甲图所示的电路，调节滑动变阻器测得5组电压U1和电流I1的值，作出的U1–I1关系图象如题11-3图所示．接着，将电压表改接在a、b两端，测得5组电压U2和电流I2的值，数据见下表：U2/V 0.50 1.02 1.54 2.05 2.55 I2/mA 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 请根据表中的数据，在方格纸上作出U2–I2图象．（5）由此，可求得电阻丝的R x = Ω．根据电阻定律可得到电阻丝的电阻率．12．[选修3–5]（12分）（1）质量为M 的小孩站在质量为m 的滑板上，小孩和滑板均处于静止状态，忽略滑板与地面间的摩擦．小孩沿水平方向跃离滑板，离开滑板时的速度大小为v ，此时滑板的速度大小为 ．（A ）m v M （B ）M v m （C ）m v m M + （D ）Mv m M + （2）100年前，卢瑟福用α粒子轰击氮核打出了质子．后来，人们用α粒子轰击6028Ni 核也打出了质子：460621228291He+Ni Cu+H X →+；该反应中的X 是 （选填“电子”“正电子”或“中子”）．此后，对原子核反应的持续研究为核能利用提供了可能．目前人类获得核能的主要方式是 （选填“核衰变”“核裂变”或“核聚变”）．（3）在“焊接”视网膜的眼科手术中，所用激光的波长λ=6.4×107 m ，每个激光脉冲的能量E =1.5×10-2 J ．求每个脉冲中的光子数目．（已知普朗克常量h =6.63×l0-34 J ·s ，光速c =3×108 m/s ．计算结果保留一位有效数字）【选做题】13．本题包括A 、B 两小题，请选定其中一小题，并在相应的答题区域作答．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．若多做，则按A 小题评分．A ．[选修3–3]（12分）（1）在没有外界影响的情况下，密闭容器的理想气体静置足够长时间后，该气体 ．（A ）分子的无规则运动停息下来 （B ）每个分子的速度大小均相等（C ）分子的平均动能保持不变 （D ）分子的密集程度保持不变 （2）由于水的表面力，荷叶上的小水滴总是球形的．在小水滴表面层中，水分子之间的相互作用总体上表现为（选填“引力”或“斥力”）．分子势能E p和分子间距离r的关系图象如题13A-1图所示，能总体上反映小水滴表面层中水分子E p的是图中（选填“A”“B”或“C”）的位置．（3）如题13A-2图所示，一定质量理想气体经历A→B的等压过程，B→C的绝热过程（气体与外界无热量交换），其中B→C过程中能减少900 J．求A→B→C过程中气体对外界做的总功．B．[选修3–4]（12分）（1）一单摆做简谐运动，在偏角增大的过程中，摆球的．（A）位移增大（B）速度增大（C）回复力增大（D）机械能增大（2）将两支铅笔并排放在一起，中间留一条狭缝，通过这条狭缝去看与其平行的日光灯，能观察到彩色条纹，这是由于光的（选填“折射”“干涉”或“衍射”）．当缝的宽度（选填“远大于”或“接近”）光波的波长时，这种现象十分明显．（3）如图所示，某L形透明材料的折射率n=2．现沿AB方向切去一角，AB与水平方向的夹角为θ．为使水平方向的光线射到AB面时不会射入空气，求θ的最大值．四、计算题：本题共3小题，共计47分．解答时请写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤．只写出最后答案的不能得分．有数值计算的题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位．14．（15分）如图所示，匀强磁场中有一个用软导线制成的单匝闭合线圈，线圈平面与磁场垂直．已知线圈的面积S=0.3 m2、电阻R=0.6 Ω，磁场的磁感应强度B=0.2 T.现同时向两侧拉动线圈，线圈的两边在Δt=0.5s时间合到一起．求线圈在上述过程中（1）感应电动势的平均值E；（2）感应电流的平均值I，并在图中标出电流方向；（3）通过导线横截面的电荷量q．15．（16分）如图所示，质量相等的物块A和B叠放在水平地面上，左边缘对齐．A 与B、B与地面间的动摩擦因数均为μ。

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合·物理（全国Ⅰ卷）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 Li 7 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ar 40 Fe 56 I 127二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．氢原子能级示意图如图所示。

光子能量在1.63 eV~3.10 eV的光为可见光。

要使处于基态（n=1）的氢原子被激发后可辐射出可见光光子，最少应给氢原子提供的能量为A．12.09 eV B．10.20 eV C．1.89 eV D．1.5l eV15．如图，空间存在一方向水平向右的匀强电场，两个带电小球P和Q用相同的绝缘细绳悬挂在水平天花板下，两细绳都恰好与天花板垂直，则A ．P 和Q 都带正电荷B ．P 和Q 都带负电荷C ．P 带正电荷，Q 带负电荷D ．P 带负电荷，Q 带正电荷16．最近，我国为“长征九号”研制的大推力新型火箭发动机联试成功，这标志着我国重型运载火箭的研发取得突破性进展。

若某次实验中该发动机向后喷射的气体速度约为3 km/s ，产生的推力约为4.8×106 N ，则它在1 s 时间内喷射的气体质量约为 A ．1.6×102 kg B ．1.6×103 kg C ．1.6×105 kgD ．1.6×106 kg17．如图，等边三角形线框LMN 由三根相同的导体棒连接而成，固定于匀强磁场中，线框平面与磁感应强度方向垂直，线框顶点M 、N 与直流电源两端相接，已如导体棒MN 受到的安培力大小为F ，则线框LMN 受到的安培力的大小为A ．2FB ．1.5FC ．0.5FD ．018．如图，篮球架下的运动员原地垂直起跳扣篮，离地后重心上升的最大高度为H 。