Analysis of deepening teaching reform the creation of China's national conditions to adapt to teachi

科研与教学关系的一体两面性浅析摘要：随着教学改革的深化，以学生为中心已经成为学校教学的重要原则之一，这在一定程度上推动了教育领域的发展。

但就目前的教育改革情况来看，还存在着重视科研而轻视教学的现象，导致教学与科研之间难以进行有效的兼容，影响了两者的协调发展，因此，本文针对科研与教学关系的一体两面性进行分析和研究，希望能够对相关领域的发展产生一定的推动作用。

Abstract: with the deepening of teaching reform, student-centered teaching has become one of the important principles of school teaching, which to some extent promotes the development of education. But in the current education reform, there is emphasis on scientific research and despise teaching phenomenon, lead to difficult effective compatibility between teaching and research, has affected the coordinated development of the two, therefore, this article in view of the relationship between scientific research and teaching which two sides carries on the analysis and research, hope to be able to produce certain impetus to the development of related fields.关键词：科研；教学关系；一体两面性Key words: scientific research; Teaching relationship; One body and two sides 科研和教学之间具有非常密切的关联，对两者的之间的关系加以明确，并对其一体两面性进行深入的研究，有助于科研和教学的协调发展，而这也是教育领域必须要重点研究的框题之一，因此，对相关内容进行深入的研究是很有必要的，这对于教育领域的发展具有至关重要的作用。

学科核心素养的融通培养：现实诉求和基本策略一、本文概述Overview of this article随着教育改革的不断深入，学科核心素养的培养已成为教育领域的重要议题。

学科核心素养不仅关乎学生的全面发展，更是他们未来适应社会、参与国际竞争的关键。

本文旨在探讨学科核心素养的融通培养，即如何在不同学科之间建立联系，实现核心素养的互补与提升。

文章首先阐述了学科核心素养融通培养的现实诉求，包括社会发展的需要、教育改革的推动以及学生个人成长的需求。

随后，文章提出了学科核心素养融通培养的基本策略，包括构建跨学科课程体系、加强学科间的交流合作、创新教学方法与手段以及完善评价机制等。

通过实施这些策略，有望促进学生的全面发展，提升他们的综合素质和竞争力。

With the continuous deepening of education reform, the cultivation of core competencies in disciplines has become an important issue in the field of education. The core literacy of a subject is not only related to the comprehensive development of students, but also the key to their futureadaptation to society and participation in international competition. This article aims to explore the integration and cultivation of core competencies in disciplines, that is, how to establish connections between different disciplines and achieve complementarity and enhancement of core competencies. The article first elaborates on the practical demands for the integration and cultivation of core competencies in disciplines, including the needs of social development, the promotion of educational reform, and the personal growth needs of students. Subsequently, the article proposes basic strategies for the integration and cultivation of core competencies in disciplines, including building an interdisciplinary curriculum system, strengthening interdisciplinary communication and cooperation, innovating teaching methods and means, and improving evaluation mechanisms. By implementing these strategies, it is expected to promote the comprehensive development of students, enhance their overall quality and competitiveness.二、学科核心素养的内涵与特点The connotation and characteristics of subject core literacy学科核心素养是指在特定学科学习过程中，学生通过知识学习、技能掌握和思维发展所形成的，能够适应个人终身发展和社会发展需要的必备品格和关键能力。

关于国际化创新型外语人才培养的思考一、本文概述Overview of this article随着全球化的不断深入，国际交流与合作日益频繁，具备国际视野和创新精神的外语人才成为了国家和社会发展的重要资源。

在这样的背景下，如何有效地培养国际化创新型外语人才，成为了教育领域和社会各界关注的焦点。

本文旨在探讨国际化创新型外语人才培养的重要性、面临的挑战以及可行的策略，以期为我国外语教育的改革与发展提供有益的思考和借鉴。

通过深入分析当前外语教育的现状，结合国内外先进的教育理念和实践经验，本文提出了加强外语人才培养的国际化视野、优化外语教育课程体系、提升外语教师的综合素质、创新外语教学方法和手段等一系列对策和建议，以期为我国培养更多具备国际竞争力和创新能力的外语人才贡献力量。

With the continuous deepening of globalization, international exchanges and cooperation are becoming increasingly frequent, and foreign language talents with international perspectives and innovative spirit have become important resources for national and social development. Inthis context, how to effectively cultivate international innovative foreign language talents has become a focus of attention in the field of education and various sectors of society. This article aims to explore the importance, challenges, and feasible strategies of cultivating international innovative foreign language talents, in order to provide useful thinking and reference for the reform and development of foreign language education in China. Through in-depth analysis of the current situation of foreign language education, combined with advanced educational concepts and practical experience at home and abroad, this article proposes a series of strategies and suggestions to strengthen the international perspective of foreign language talent cultivation, optimize the foreign language education curriculum system, improve the comprehensive quality of foreign language teachers, innovate foreign language teaching methods and means, etc., in order to contribute to the cultivation of more foreign language talents with international competitiveness and innovation ability in China.二、国际化创新型外语人才培养的现状分析Analysis of the current situation of cultivating international innovative foreign language talents 在全球化的大背景下，国际化创新型外语人才的培养已成为各国教育的重要任务。

College English Curriculum RequirementsWith With a a a view view view to to to keeping keeping keeping up up up with with with the the the new new new developments developments developments of of of higher higher higher education education education in in China, deepening teaching reform, improving teaching quality, and meeting the needs of of the the the country country country and and and society society society for for for qualified qualified qualified personnel personnel personnel in in in the the the new new new era, era, era, College College College English English Curriculum Curriculum Requirements Requirements Requirements (Requirements (Requirements (Requirements hereafter) hereafter) hereafter) has has has been been been drawn drawn drawn up up up to to to provide provide colleges colleges and and and universities universities universities with with with the the the guidelines guidelines guidelines for for for English English English instruction instruction instruction to to to non-English non-English major students.Because Because institutions institutions institutions of of of higher higher higher learning learning learning differ differ differ from from from each each each other other other in in in terms terms terms of of teaching teaching resources, resources, resources, students’ students’ students’ level level level of of of English English English upon upon upon entering entering entering college, college, college, and and and the the the social social demands they face, colleges and universities should formulate, in accordance with the Requirements and in the light of their specific circumstances, a scientific, systematic and and individualized individualized individualized College College College English English English syllabus syllabus syllabus to to to guide guide guide their their their own own own College College College English English teaching.I. Character and Objectives of College EnglishCollege English, an integral part of higher learning, is a required basic course for undergraduate students. Under the guidance of theories of foreign language teaching, College College English English English has has has as as as its its its main main main components components components knowledge knowledge knowledge and and and practical practical practical skills skills skills of of of the the English language, learning strategies and intercultural communication. It is a systematic whole, incorporating different teaching models and approaches.The objective of College English is to develop students’ ability to use English in a well-rounded way, especially in listening and speaking, so that in their future studies and careers as well as social interactions they will be able to communicate effectively, and at the same time enhance their ability to study independently and improve their general cultural awareness so as to meet the needs of China’s social development and international exchanges.Ⅱ.Teaching RequirementsAs China is a large country with conditions that vary from region to region and from college to college, the teaching of College English should follow the principle of providing different guidance for different groups of students and instructing them in accordance accordance with with with their their their aptitude aptitude aptitude so so so as as as to to to meet meet meet the the the specific specific specific needs needs needs of of of individualized individualized teaching.The The requirements requirements requirements for for for undergraduate undergraduate undergraduate College College College English English English teaching teaching teaching are are are set set set at at at three three levels, i.e., basic requirements, intermediate requirements, and advanced requirements. Non-English majors are required to attain to one of the three levels of requirements after after studying studying studying and and and practicing practicing practicing English English English at at at school. school. school. The The The basic basic basic requirements requirements requirements are are are the the minimum level that all non-English majors have to reach before graduation. Intermediate Intermediate and and and advanced advanced advanced requirements requirements requirements are are are recommended recommended recommended for for for those those those colleges colleges colleges and and universities universities which which which have have have more more more favorable favorable favorable conditions; conditions; conditions; they they they should should should select select select their their their levels levels according to the school’s status, types and education goals.Institutions Institutions of of of higher higher higher learning learning learning should should should set set set their their their own own own objectives objectives objectives in in in the the the light light light of of their their specific specific specific circumstances, circumstances, circumstances, strive strive strive to to to create create create favorable favorable favorable conditions, conditions, conditions, and and and enable enable enable those those students students who have who have a relatively higher English proficiency proficiency and stronger and stronger capacity capacity for for learning to meet the intermediate or advanced requirements.The three levels of requirements are set as follows:Basic Requirements:1. Listening: Students should be able to follow classroom instructions, everyday conversations, and lectures on general topics conducted in English. They should be be able able able to to to understand understand understand English English English radio radio radio and and and TV TV TV programs programs programs spoken spoken spoken at at at a a a speed speed speed of of about about 130 to 130 to 150 words per minute (wpm)~ grasping the main ideas and key points. points. They They They are are are expected expected expected to to to be be be able able able to to to employ employ employ basic basic basic listening listening listening strategies strategies strategies to to facilitate comprehension.2. Speaking: S tudents should be able to communicate in English in the course of Students should be able to communicate in English in the course of learning, to conduct discussions on a given theme, and to talk about everyday topics topics in in in English. English. English. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to to give, give, give, after after after some some some preparation, preparation, preparation, short short talks on familiar topics with clear articulation and basically correct pronunciation and intonation. They are are expected expected to to be be able able to to use use basic basic conversational strategies in dialogue.3. Reading: Students should generally be able to read English texts on general topics topics at at at a a a speed speed speed of of of 70 70 70 wpm. wpm. wpm. With With With longer longer longer yet yet yet less less less difficult difficult difficult texts, texts, texts, the the the reading reading speed should be 100 wpm. Students should be able to do skimming and scanning. With the help of dictionaries, they should be able to read textbooks in their areas of of specialty, specialty, specialty, and and and newspaper newspaper newspaper and and and magazine magazine magazine articles articles articles on on on familiar familiar familiar topics, topics, topics, grasping grasping the main ideas and understanding major facts and relevant details. They should be be able able able to to to understand understand understand texts texts texts of of of practical practical practical styles styles styles commonly commonly commonly used used used in in work work and and daily daily life. life. life. They They They are are are expected expected expected to to to be be be able able able to to to employ employ employ effective effective effective reading reading reading strategies strategies while reading.4. Writing: Students Students should should should be be be able able able to to to complete complete complete writing writing writing tasks tasks tasks for for for general general purposes, purposes, e.g., e.g., e.g., describing describing describing personal personal personal experiences, experiences, experiences, impressions, impressions, impressions, feelings, feelings, feelings, or or or some some events, and to undertake practical writing. They should be able to write within 30 minutes a short composition of no less than 120 words on a general topic, or an outline. The composition should be basically complete in content, clear in main idea, appropriate in diction and coherent in discourse. Students are expected to be able to have a command of basic writing strategies. 5. Translation: With the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate essays on familiar topics from English into Chinese and vice versa. The speed of translation translation from from from English English English into into into Chinese Chinese Chinese should should should be be be about about about 300 300 300 English English English words words words per per hour whereas the speed of translation from Chinese into English should be around 250 250 Chinese Chinese Chinese characters characters characters per per per hour. hour. hour. The The The translation translation translation should should should be be be basically basically basically accurate, accurate, free from serious mistakes in comprehension or expression.6. Recommended Vocabulary:S tudents should acquire a total of 4,795 words Students should acquire a total of 4,795 words and 700 phrases (including those that are covered in high school English courses), among among which which which 2,000 2,000 2,000 are are are active active active words. words. words. (See (See (See Appendix Appendix Appendix III: III: III: College College College English English Vocabulary.) Students should not only be able to comprehend the active words but but be be be proficient proficient proficient in in in using using using them them them when when when expressing expressing expressing themselves themselves themselves in in in speaking speaking speaking or or writing.Intermediate Requirements:1. Listening: Students Students should should should generally generally generally be be be able able able to to to follow follow follow talks talks talks and and and lectures lectures lectures in in English, to understand longer English radio and TV programs on familiar topics spoken at a speed of around 150 to 180 wpm, grasping the main ideas, key points and relevant details. They should be able to understand, by and large, courses in their areas of specialty taught in English.2. Speaking: Students should be able to hold conversations in fairly fluent English. They should, by and large, be able to express their personal opinions, feelings and views, views, to to to state state facts facts and and and reasons, reasons, reasons, and and and to to to describe describe describe events events events with with with clear clear clear articulation articulation and basically correct pronunciation and intonation.3. Reading: S tudents should generally be able to read essays on general topics in Students should generally be able to read essays on general topics in popular popular newspapers newspapers newspapers and and and magazines magazines magazines published published published in in in English-speaking English-speaking English-speaking countries countries countries at at at a a speed speed of of of 70 70 70 to to to 90 90 90 wpm. wpm. wpm. With With With longer longer longer texts texts texts for for for fast fast fast reading, reading, reading, the the the reading reading reading speed speed should should be be be 120 120 120 wpm. wpm. wpm. Students Students Students should should should be be be able able able to to to skim skim skim or or or scan scan scan reading reading reading materials. materials. When When reading reading reading summary summary summary literature literature literature in in in their their their areas areas areas of of of specialty, specialty, specialty, students students students should should should be be able able to to to get get get a a a correct correct correct understanding understanding understanding of of of the the the main main main ideas, ideas, ideas, major major major facts facts facts and and and relevant relevant details.4. Writing: Students should be able to express, by and large, personal views on general general topics, topics, topics, compose compose compose English English English abstracts abstracts abstracts for for for theses theses theses in in in their their their own own own specialization, specialization, and and write write write short short short English English English papers papers papers on on on topics topics topics in in in their their their field. field. field. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to describe charts and graphs, and to complete within 30 minutes a short composition of no less than 160 words. The composition should be complete in content, clear in idea, well-organized in presentation and coherent in discourse.5. Translation: W ith the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate With the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate on on a a a selective selective selective basis basis basis English English English literature literature literature in in in their their their field, field, field, and and and to to to translate translate translate texts texts texts on on familiar topics in popular newspapers and magazines published in English speaking countries. The speed of translation from English into Chinese should be about 350 English words per hour, whereas the speed of translation from Chinese into into English English English should should should be be be around around around 300 300 300 Chinese Chinese Chinese characters characters characters per per per hour. hour. hour. The The The translation translation should read smoothly, convey the original meaning and be, in the main, free from mistakes in understanding or expression. Students are expected to be able to use appropriate translation techniques.6. Recommended Vocabulary: Students Students should should should acquire acquire acquire a a a total total total of of of 6,395 6,395 6,395 words words and 1,200 phrases (including those that are covered in high school English courses and the Basic Requirements), among which 2,200 are active words (including the active words that have been covered in the Basic Requirements). (See Appendix III: College English V ocabulary.) Advanced Requirements:I. Listening: Students should, by and large, be able to understand radio and TV programs programs produced produced produced in in in English-speaking English-speaking English-speaking countries countries countries and and and grasp grasp grasp the the the gist gist gist and and and key key points. points. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to to follow follow follow talks talks talks by by by people people people from from from English-speaking English-speaking countries countries given given given at at at normal normal normal speed, speed, speed, and and and to to to understand understand understand courses courses courses in in in their their their areas areas areas of of specialty and lectures in English.2. Speaking: Students should be able to conduct dialogues or discussions with a certain certain degree degree degree of of of fluency fluency fluency and and and accuracy accuracy accuracy on on on general general general or or or specialized specialized specialized topics, topics, topics, and and and to to make concise summaries of extended texts or speeches in fairly difficult language. They should be able to deliver papers at academic conferences and participate in discussions.3. Reading: Students should be able to read rather difficult texts, and understand their their main main main ideas ideas ideas and and and details. details. details. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to to read read read English English English articles articles articles in in newspapers and magazines published abroad, and to read English literature related to their areas of specialty without much difficulty.4. Writing: Students should be able to write brief reports and papers in their areas of of specialty, specialty, specialty, to to to express express express their their their opinions opinions opinions freely, freely, freely, and and and to to to write write write within within within 30 30 30 minutes minutes expository expository or or or argumentative argumentative argumentative essays essays essays of of of no no no less less less than than than 200 200 200 words words words on on on a a a given given given topic. topic. The The text text text should should should be be be characterized characterized characterized by by by clear clear clear expression expression expression of of of ideas, ideas, ideas, rich rich rich content, content, content, neat neat structure, and good logic.5. Translation: With the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate into into Chinese Chinese Chinese fairly fairly fairly difficult difficult difficult English English English texts texts texts in in in literature literature literature related related related to to to their their their areas areas areas of of specialty and in newspapers and magazines published in English-speaking countries; they should also be able to translate Chinese introductory texts on the conditions of China or Chinese culture into English. The speed of translation from English into Chinese Chinese should should should be be be about about about 400 400 400 English English English words words words per per per hour hour whereas whereas the the the speed speed speed of of translation from Chinese into English should be around 350 Chinese characters per hour. The translation should convey the idea with accuracy and smoothness and be basically free from misinterpretation, omission and mistakes in expression.6. Recommended Vocabulary: Students should acquire a total of 7,675 words and 1,870 phrases (including those that are covered in high school English courses, the Basic Requirements and Intermediate Requirements), among which 2,360 are active words (including the active words that have been covered in the Basic Requirements and Intermediate Requirements). (See Appendix III: College English V ocabulary.)The The above-mentioned above-mentioned three three requirements requirements serve serve as as as reference reference reference standards standards standards for for colleges and universities in preparing their own College English teaching documents. They They could, could, could, in in in the light the light of their respective c ircumstances, make due adjustments circumstances, make due adjustments to the the specific specific specific requirements requirements requirements for for for listening, listening, listening, speaking, speaking, speaking, reading, reading, reading, writing writing writing and and and translation translation translation at at the three levels. In doing so they should place more emphasis on the cultivation and training of listening and speaking abilities.III. Course DesignTaking into account account the the the school’s school’s circumstances, colleges colleges and and and universities universities should should follow follow follow the the the guidelines guidelines guidelines of of of the the the Requirements Requirements Requirements and and and the the the goals goals goals of of of their their their College College English teaching in designing their College English course systems. A course system, which which is is is a a a combination combination combination of of of required required required and and and elective elective elective courses courses courses in in in comprehensive comprehensive comprehensive English, English, language language skills, skills, skills, English English English for for for practical practical practical uses, uses, uses, language language language and and and culture, culture, culture, and and and English English English of of specialty, should ensure that students at different levels receive adequate training and make improvement in their ability to use English.In designing College English courses, requirements for cultivating competence in in listening listening listening and and and speaking speaking speaking should should should be be be fully fully fully considered, considered, considered, and and and corresponding corresponding corresponding teaching teaching hours hours and and and credits credits credits should should should be be be adequately adequately adequately allocated. allocated. allocated. Moreover, Moreover, Moreover, the the the extensive extensive extensive use use use of of advanced advanced information information information technology technology technology should should should be be be encouraged, encouraged, encouraged, computer- computer- computer- and and and Web-based Web-based courses should be developed, and students should be provided with favorable environment and facilities for language learning.College College English English English is is is not not not only only only a a a language language language course course course that that that provides provides provides basic basic basic knowledge knowledge about English, but also a capacity enhancement course that helps students to broaden their horizons and learn about different cultures in the world. It not only serves as a tool, tool, but but but also also also has has has humanistic humanistic humanistic values. values. values. When When When designing designing designing College College College English English English courses, courses, therefore, it is necessary to take into full consideration the development of students’ cultural capacity and the teaching of knowledge about different cultures in the world.All All the the the courses, courses, courses, whether whether whether computer-based computer-based computer-based or or or classroom-based, classroom-based, classroom-based, should should should be be be fully fully individual-oriented, taking into account students with different starting points, so that students who start from lower levels will be well taken care of while students whose English English is is is better better better will will will find find find room room room for for for further further further development. development. development. College College College English English English course course design should help students to have a solid foundation in the English language while developing their ability to use English, especially their ability to listen and speak in English. English. It It It should should should ensure ensure ensure that that that students students students make make make steady steady steady progress progress progress in in in English English English proficiency proficiency throughout their undergraduate studies, and it should encourage students’ individualized individualized learning learning learning so so so as as as to to to meet meet meet the the the needs needs needs of of of their their their development development development in in in different different specialties.IV. Teaching Model In view of the marked increase in student enrolments and the relatively limited resources, resources, colleges colleges colleges and and and universities universities universities should should should remold remold remold the the the existing existing existing unitary unitary unitary teacher- teacher- centered pattern of language teaching by introducing computer- and classroom- based teaching models. The new model should be built on modern information technology, particularly network technology, so that English language teaching and learning will be, to a certain extent, free from the constraints of time or place and geared towards students’ students’ individualized individualized individualized and and and autonomous autonomous autonomous learning. learning. learning. The The The new new new model model model should should should combine combine the principles of practicality, knowledge and interest, facilitate mobilizing the initiative of both teachers and students, and attach particular importance to the central position position of of of students students students and and and the the the leading leading leading role role role of of of teachers teachers teachers in in in the the the teaching teaching teaching and and and learning learning process. This model should incorporate into it the strengths of the current model and give play to the advantages of traditional classroom teaching while fully employing modern information technology.Colleges Colleges and and and universities universities universities should should should explore explore explore and and and establish establish establish a a a Web-based Web-based Web-based listening listening and and speaking speaking speaking teaching teaching teaching model model model that that that suits suits suits their their their own own own needs needs needs in in in line line line with with with their their their own own conditions conditions and and and students’ students’ students’ English English English proficiency, proficiency, and and deliver deliver deliver listening listening listening and and and speaking speaking courses courses via via via the the the intranet intranet intranet or or or campus campus campus network. network. network. The The The teaching teaching teaching of of of reading, reading, reading, writing writing writing and and translation translation can can can be be be conducted conducted conducted either either either in in in the the the classroom classroom classroom or or or online. online. online. With With With regard regard regard to to computer- and Web-based courses, face-to-face coaching should be provided in order to guarantee the effects of learning.The network-based teaching system developed in an attempt to implement the new teaching model should cover the complete process of teaching, learning, feedback and management, including such modules as students’ learning and self-assessment, t e achers’ lectures, and online coaching, as well as the monitoring and eachers’ lectures, and online coaching, as well as the monitoring and management management of of of learning learning learning and and and coaching. coaching. coaching. It It It should should should be be be able able able to to to track track track down, down, down, record record record and and check the progress o f learning in of learning in a ddition addition addition to to teaching and coaching, and attain t o to to a a high level of interactivity, multimedia use and operability. Colleges and universities should adopt good teaching software and encourage teachers to make effective use of Web multimedia and other teaching resources.One One of of of the the the objectives objectives objectives of of of the the the reform reform reform of of of the the the teaching teaching teaching model model model is is is to to to promote promote promote the the development of individualized study methods and the autonomous learning ability on the the part part part of of of students. students. students. The The The new new new model model model should should should enable enable enable students students students to to to select select select materials materials materials and and methods suited to their individual needs, Obtain guidance in learning strategies, and gradually improve their autonomous learning ability.Changes Changes in in in the the the teaching teaching teaching model model model by by by no no no means means means call call call for for for changes changes changes in in in teaching teaching methods and approaches only, but, more importantly, consist of changes in teaching philosophy philosophy and and and practice, practice, practice, and and and in in in a a a shift shift shift from from from a a a teacher-centered teacher-centered teacher-centered pattern, pattern, pattern, in in in which which knowledge of the language and skills are imparted by the teacher in class only, to a student-centered student-centered pattern, pattern, pattern, in in in which which which the the the ability ability ability to to to use use use the the the language language language and and and the the the ability ability ability to to learn independently are cultivated in addition to language knowledge and skills, and also also to to to lifelong lifelong lifelong education, education, education, geared geared geared towards towards towards cultivating cultivating cultivating students’ students’ students’ lifelong lifelong lifelong learning learning ability.For the implementation of the new model, refer to Appendix 1: Computer- and Classroom-Based College English Teaching Model.Ⅴ. EvaluationEvaluation Evaluation is is is a key component in a key component in College English teaching. A comprehensive, objective, objective, scientific scientific scientific and and and accurate accurate accurate evaluation evaluation evaluation system system system is is is of of of vital vital vital importance importance importance to to to the the achievement of course goals. It not only helps teachers obtain feedback, improve the administration of teaching, and ensure teaching quality but also provides students with an an effective effective effective means means means to to to adjust adjust adjust their their their learning learning learning strategies strategies strategies and and and methods, methods, methods, improve improve improve their their learning efficiency and achieve the desired learning effects.The The evaluation evaluation evaluation of of of students’ students’ students’ learning learning learning consists consists consists of of of formative formative formative assessment assessment assessment and and summative assessmentFormative assessment refers to procedural and developmental assessment conducted conducted in in in the the the teaching teaching teaching process, process, process, i.e., i.e., i.e., tracking tracking tracking the the the teaching teaching teaching process, process, process, providing providing feedback and promoting an all-round development of the students, in accordance with the teaching objectives and by means of various evaluative methods. It facilitates the effective monitoring of students’ autonomous learning, and is particularly impor tant in in implementing implementing implementing the the the computer- computer- computer- and and and classroom-based classroom-based classroom-based teaching teaching teaching model. model. model. It It It includes includes 。

全面深化教育改革：挑战与机遇英文版Title: Comprehensive Deepening of Educational Reform: Challenges and OpportunitiesEducation reform is an ongoing process that aims to improve the quality and effectiveness of the education system. It involves making changes to curriculum, teaching methods, assessment practices, and administrative structures. The goal is to better prepare students for the challenges of the modern world and to foster a lifelong love of learning.Challenges:1. Resistance to Change: Many stakeholders, including teachers, parents, and policymakers, may be resistant to implementing reforms due to fear of the unknown or concerns about the potential impact on students.2. Funding Constraints: Implementing comprehensive educational reform requires significant financial resources, which may be difficult to secure in a time of economic uncertainty.3. Inequity in Access: Not all students have equal access to quality education, which can perpetuate existing social and economic disparities.4. Outdated Curriculum: The rapid pace of technological advancement and societal changes may render traditional curricula irrelevant, requiring constant updates and revisions.Opportunities:1. Technological Advancements: The use of technology in education can revolutionize teaching and learning, providing new opportunities for personalized instruction and remote learning.2. Global Collaboration: Educators can leverage international partnerships and collaborations to exchange best practices, ideas, and resources, enriching the educational experience for students.3. Student-Centered Approaches: Emphasizing student agency and autonomy in their learning process can foster creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills.4. Lifelong Learning: Encouraging a culture of lifelong learning can empower individuals to adapt to changing circumstances and pursue continuous personal and professional growth.In conclusion, the comprehensive deepening of educational reform is essential to meet the evolving needs of students in the 21st century. While challenges exist, the opportunities presented by technological advancements, global collaboration, student-centered approaches, and lifelong learning are promising. By addressing these challenges and seizing these opportunities, we can create a more equitable, inclusive, and effective education system for all.。

Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇，深化改革，wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金，先进技术和managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the householdNarrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STA TE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development 自我约束and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic management Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economyConcentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁，承包经营和出售and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的，放活小的policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制the inferiorEnjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independentlyProtect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release smallenterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司，国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业，合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司，企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团，综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并Vertical acquisition 纵向收购Vertical merger 纵向兼并Vertical consolidation 纵向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’ equity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表INCOME STA TEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减：销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减：销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减：管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加：其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加：投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减：所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets 原值Original Coat减：累计折旧Deduct: Accumulated Depreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & Equity BALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY 负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’ Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Economic经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区economic crisis 经济危机economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体economic forecast 经济预测economic foundation 经济基础economic growth rate 经济增长率economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序economic policy 经济政策economic potential 经济潜力economic prospect 经济展望economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制，经济制度economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学economics of scale 规模经济学Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段economies of scale 规模经济market economy 市场经济mixed economy 混合经济planned economy 计划经济Enterprise企业Entrepreneur 企业家Enterpreneurial 企业家的enterpreneurial courage 企业家的胆略enterpreneurial spirit 企业家精神Enterprise 企业backbone enterprise 骨干企业central enterprises 中央企业collectively-owned enterprises 集体企业combined enterprise 联合企业enterprise accounting 企业会计enterprise development fund 企业发展基金enterprise law 企业法enterprises’ management mechanisms 企业管理机制foreign-funded enterprises 外资企业large and medium-size enterprises 大中型企业local enterprises 地方企业modern enterprise system 现代企业制度money-lossing enterprises 亏损企业state-owned enterprises 国有企业township enterprises 乡镇企业Accountant会计师Certified Public Accountant (CPA) 注册会计师chief accountant 总会计师cost accountant 成本会计certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师Accounting会计，会计学accounting classification 会计科目分类accounting cycle 会计周期accounting equation 会计方程式accounting firm 会计事务所accounting information 会计信息accounting principles for business enterprise 企业会计原则accounting statement 会计报表accounting system 会计系统accounting year 会计年度accrual basis accounting 权责发生制会计方法记帐cash basis accounting 现金会计方法记帐All-purpose financial statement 通用财务报表American Institute of Certified Public Accountants 美国注册会计师协会（AICPA) certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified management accountant (CMA) 注册管理会计师certified public accountant (CPA) 注册会计师annual accounting 年度决算annual audit 年度审计annual balance sheet 年终决算表annual budget 年度预算annual financial report 年度财务报告annual summary 年度汇总表summary balance sheet 资产负债汇总表Audit审计annual audit 年度审计audit certificate 审计证书Audit Law 审计法audit of financial statement 财务报表审计external audit 外部审计legally required audit 法定审计Auditing firm 审计公司Auditor 审计师Account帐户，会计科目accounting classification 会计科目分类account balance 帐户余额account payable 应付帐款account receivable 应收帐款accumulation account 累积帐户assets account 资产帐户bank account 银行帐户capital account 资本帐户cash account 现金帐户checking account 支票帐户clearing account 清算帐户，结算帐户commission account 佣金帐户cost account 成本帐户deposit account 存款帐户doubtful account 可疑帐户equity account 股本帐户expenses account 开支帐户foreign currency account 外汇帐户frozen account 冻结帐户group account 集团帐户inventory account 存货帐户investment account 投资帐户journal account 日记帐ledger account 分类帐帐户liability account 负债帐户overdrawn account 透支帐户property account 财产帐户savings account 储蓄帐户accrued expenses payable 应计未付费用accrued income 应计收入accrued interest on bonds 应计债券利息accrued interest on investment 应计投资利息accured interest patable 应计未付利息accrued liability 应计负债accrued profit 应计利润accrued taxes 应计税款accumulated amount 累计额accumulated earnings 累计收益accumulated funds 公积金accumulated net income 累计净收益accumulated profit 累计利润accumulating capital 累计资本accumulating losses 累计损失Acid ratio 流动比率actual assets 实际资产actual cash value 实际现金价值actual capital 实际资本actual cost 实际成本actual depreciation 实际折旧actual value 实际价值Adjusted 调整后的adjusted acquisition cost 调整后购置成本adjusted base 调整后基数adjusted book balance 调整后的帐面余额adjusted gross income 调整后的净收入adjusted net profit 调整后的净利润Adjustment 调整adjustment account 调整帐户Advance 预付advance account 预付帐户advance charge 预付费用advance payment 预先付款advance received 暂收款Allocated cost 已分摊成本Allocated cost of fixed assts 固定资产折旧Allocation 分配，分摊allocation of market 市场分配allocation of purchase price 购置价格分摊（指成套设备）allocation of quota 配额分配allocation of resources 资源分配allocation of shares 股金分配allocation optimum 最优配置allocations to accounting periods 会计期间内的分摊Allotment 拨款Amendment 修改amendment of register 变更登记American Society of Appraisers (ASA) 美国评估师协会Amortization 摊销，摊还amortization fund 偿债基金amortization of bond issued expense 债券发行费摊销amortization of fixed asset 固定资产摊销amortization of loan 分期偿还贷款amortization schedule 摊销表Amount 数量，总额，合计amount guaranteed 担保额amount of investment 投资额amount of sales 销售额financial statement analysis财务报表分析analysis of assets changes 资产变动分析analysis of balance sheet 资产负债表分析balance sheet evaluation 资产负债表评价analysis of business profit 企业利润分析analysis of capital changes 资本变动分析analysis of changes in financial position 财务状况变动分析balance sheet 资产负债表balance budget 平衡预算balance of international trade 国际贸易差额balance of payment 国际收支closing balance 期末差额credit balance 贷方余额foreign currency balance 外汇余额keep balance 保持平衡loss balance 失去平衡negative balance 逆差retained balance from foreign exchange revenue 外汇收入留成余额book depreciation 帐面折旧book-entry securities 记帐证券book inventory 帐面库存book of account 帐簿book profit 帐面利润book value per share 每股帐面价值Cash 现金cash account 现金帐户cash assets 现金资本cash audit 现金审计cash balance 现金余额cash equivalent 视同库存现金cash flow analysis 现金流量分析cash in bank 银行现金cash in hold 库存现金cash payment 现金支付cash purchase 现金购买cash transaction 现金交易free cash flows 活动现金流Certified 注册的，合格的certified appraiser 注册评估师certified copy 正式核准的副本certified financial statement 经会计师证明的财务报表certified invoice 证实发票certified mortgage 证实抵押finance charges 财务费用Classification 分类，科目classification item 分类项目classification of accounts 帐户分类classification of assets 资产分类classification of property 财产分类classification schemes 分类表Classified 分成类的classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表classified depreciation 分类折旧coding of account 帐户代码coding of assets 资产代码Closing 结算，结帐，收盘closing account 结帐，结算closing cost 成交价closing inventory 期末存货Consolidated 合并的，综合的consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表consolidated financial statement 合并决算表consolidated income statement 合并损益表，综合损益表consolidated profit and loss statement 汇总损益表consolidated retained earning 合并留存收益consolidated statement 汇总报表Cost 成本，费用acquisition cost 购置成本actual cost 实际成本anticipated cost method 预期成本法average cost 平均成本borrowing- cost 借债成本carrying cost 维持成本cost account 成本帐户cost accounting 成本会计cost allocation 成本分摊cost analysis 成本分析cost and benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的成本法cost control 成本控制cost distribution 成本分摊cost free 免费cost method 成本法cost objective 成本目标cost of capital 资金成本cost of investment 投资成本cost of management 管理费cost of marketing 营销成本cost of replacement 重置成本法cost of reproduction less depreciation 重置成本减折旧cost of sales 销售成本cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost-effectiveness 成本效益cost-of-living index 生活费指数cost plus 成本加价indirect cost 间接成本marginal cost 边际成本material cost 材料成本opportunity cost 机会成本ordering cost 订货成本sunk costs 沉没成本variable costs 变动成本current assets 流动资产current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account deposits 活期帐户存款current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失current debt ratio 流动负债比率current fund employed per 100 Y uan of sales revenue 每百元销售收入占用流动资金current fund employment rate 流动资金占有率current fund loan 流动资金借款current fund turnover days 流动资金周转天数current intangibles 无形流动资产current liability 流动负债current maturity of long term debt 本年内到期的长期负债current-noncurrent method 对国外业务按现行汇率折合算法current ratio 流动比率current surplus 本期盈余current tangible assets 有形流动资产current term net loss 本期净损失current term net profit or loss 本期净损益current assets 流动资产current account balance sheet 流动资产负债表current account deposits 活期帐户存款current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失current debt ratio 流动负债比率。

2024全国教育工作会议心得感悟1.教育工作会议充分肯定了过去五年全国教育事业取得的成就和进步。

The national education work conference fully affirmed the achievements and progress of the national education cause in the past five years.2.会议对教育事业提出了更高的要求和更明确的目标。

The conference put forward higher requirements and clearer goals for the education cause.3.教育工作会议强调了教育现代化和创新发展的重要性。

The education work conference emphasized the importance of modernization and innovative development in education.4.会议要求各级教育部门加强师资队伍建设，提高教育质量。

The conference called for strengthening the construction of teaching staff at all levels of education departments to improve the quality of education.5.教育工作会议强调了教育公平和义务教育保障的重要性。

The education work conference emphasized the importance of educational equity and the guarantee of compulsory education.6.会议指出了教育领域存在的问题和挑战，并提出了相应的解决措施。

The conference pointed out the problems and challenges in the field of education and proposed corresponding solutions.7.教育工作会议鼓励教育部门加强校园文化建设，营造良好的教育环境。

Value Engineering 表1工作项目及工作任务分配表项目任务学时项目一：传感器的检测1空气流量传感器的检测2凸轮轴、曲轴位置传感器的检测3进气歧管压力传感器检测4节气门位置传感器的检测5温度传感器检测6爆震传感器的检测7氧传感器检测26项目二：汽油喷射系统检修1油泵、喷油器的检修2电控燃油供给系统检修10项目三：进气控制系统检修1怠速控制阀的检修2进气控制系统检修10项目四：点火控制系统检修1点火线圈检测、点火控制器检测2点火系统检测10项目五：排放控制系统检修1曲轴箱强制通风、燃油蒸发控制检测2EGR 、AIR 系统的检测6项目六：电控柴油机燃油系统检修1高压油泵检修、喷油器检修2电控柴油机燃油系统检测10总计724充分利用现代技术的作用，提高课堂教学效果随着现代科技的发展，多媒体教室已经在校园里广泛应用，在教学中扮演重要角色。

多媒体教学可以充分利用课堂时间，信息量大，内容丰富，直观生动，比如，在工程案例教学中，可以通过照片和视频来清晰展现工程现场，让学生身临其境，在课堂上就能更好的理论联系实际；运动学中三种运动的分析，可以利用动画技术，一步步分解，让学生更清晰的理解和掌握相关知识。

因此，在授课过程中，制作优质的多媒体课件是备课环节的重点之一。

目前互联网络发达，课件在学生中传阅方便，便于学生相互交流，达到资源共享。

然而，多媒体教学信息量大节奏快，向学生一味地灌输理论知识，学生无暇消化知识，最终学习效果不佳。

传统的板书教学使学生更清楚理论的推导，知识的层次更清晰，让教师和学生的学习思维一致，学生更好的理解知识，老师亦可根据学生的掌握程度，掌控教学主次和快慢。

但是传统的教学，也有很多弊端，对土木工程专业工程实例的描述，学生理解起来比较抽象，费时费力，课堂气氛单调。

比如在讲空间力系时，一些空间图形，手绘起来时间长而且缺乏立体感，多媒体课件的空间图形立体形象，更有利于学生解题。

因此，最好的教学方法就是传统教学和多媒体教学相结合，协调两者比重，扬长避短，合理把握课堂节奏，使学生轻松学习理论知识，扩充学生知识面。

Unit 1世界公民是这样的一种人,他们承认自己是新兴的全球社区中的一员,他们用实际行动帮助打造全球社区的价值观以及实践准则。

世界公民认为人类本质上是一个整体，每个人都有能力让这个世界发生改变。

在我们这样一个相互依存的世界中，世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任，并且相互学习。

世界公民关注全球教育、疾病、贫穷以及环境问题。

现如今，全球合作的力量正在使一些人产生世界公民意识，使他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。

而这种不断增长的世界公民意识很大程度上要归功于现代信息、通讯、和交通技术的力量。

世界公民意识旨在给人们以力量来付诸行动。

除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观，世界公民还要拥有必要的技能，以使他们有信心和能力积极推动世界的发展。

Nowadays，many young people no longer choose" stable "jobs，Instead，They prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-worth through their wisdom and hard work. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic, vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs will not only create fortune, increase job opportunities, and, improve people's lives, but in the long run, it is also beneficial for the nation, because, the entrepreneurs are driving force for china's economic, upgrading. Especially for the time being, China is advocating mass entrepreneurship and innovation, which further arouses young people's passion to start their own businesses.Unit 2美国梦是美利坚合众国的民族精神特质。

自我调节课堂读后感自我调节课堂，这是一个新颖而又引人注目的教育理念。

在阅读了这本书之后，我对其有了更深入的了解，并对教育方式和学生的学习方法有了全新的认识。

开篇：初识自我调节课堂自我调节课堂的理念强调学生的主体性和自主性，鼓励学生通过自我调节来更好地学习和成长。

这一理念与传统的以教师为中心的教学方式截然不同，它更加注重学生的个体差异和需求，提倡个性化的学习路径。

The concept of the self-regulating classroom emphasizes the subjectivity and autonomy of students, encouraging them to learn and grow better through self-regulation. This philosophy is distinct from traditional teacher-centered teaching methods, focusing more on individual differences and needs among students and advocating personalized learning paths.内容概述：自我调节课堂的核心要素自我调节课堂的核心要素包括情感、行为和认知三个维度的自我调节。

情感调节帮助学生管理学习过程中的情绪，行为调节使学生形成良好的学习习惯，而认知调节则提升学生的学习策略和思维能力。

The core elements of the self-regulating classroom include self-regulation in three dimensions: emotion, behavior, and cognition. Emotional regulation helps students manage their emotions during the learning process, behavioral regulation fosters good study habits, and cognitive regulation enhances students' learning strategies and thinking abilities.深入探索：自我调节课堂的实践意义自我调节课堂的实践意义在于它赋予了学生更多的自主权，使他们能够根据自己的节奏和兴趣进行学习。

积极探索小学全科教师的培养一、本文概述Overview of this article随着教育改革的深入和基础教育的发展，小学全科教师作为新时代教育力量的重要组成部分，其培养问题日益受到关注。

本文旨在深入探讨小学全科教师的培养问题，分析当前全科教师培养的现状与挑战，并提出相应的培养策略和建议。

通过对全科教师培养模式的梳理和研究，本文期望为构建更加完善的小学全科教师培养体系提供理论支持和实践指导。

本文也期望能够引发更多教育工作者对全科教师培养的深入思考，共同推动小学全科教师队伍建设的健康发展。

With the deepening of education reform and the development of basic education, the cultivation of primary school general subject teachers, as an important component of the new era of education, is increasingly receiving attention. This article aims to delve into the cultivation of primary school general subject teachers, analyze the current situation and challenges of general subject teacher cultivation, and propose corresponding cultivation strategies and suggestions. Throughthe sorting and research of the training models for general practitioners, this article aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for building a more comprehensive primary school general practitioner training system. This article also hopes to stimulate more educators to think deeply about the cultivation of general education teachers, and jointly promote the healthy development of the construction of the primary school general education teacher team.二、小学全科教师的培养目标The training objectives of primary school general subject teachers小学全科教师的培养目标是塑造一批具备全面素质、富有创新精神和实践能力的教育工作者。

我国外语教学中的形成性评价研究回顾与思考一、本文概述Overview of this article本文旨在回顾与思考我国外语教学中的形成性评价研究的发展历程和现状。

形成性评价作为一种重要的教学评价方式，其在外语教学中的应用日益广泛。

本文首先将对形成性评价的定义、特点及其在外语教学中的重要性进行简要介绍，然后回顾我国在外语教学领域对形成性评价的研究历程，包括研究的起源、发展和主要研究成果。

在此基础上，本文将分析当前我国外语教学中形成性评价研究存在的主要问题，如评价方法的多样性、实施效果的评估以及与教师教学理念的融合等。

本文将对我国外语教学中的形成性评价研究的未来发展趋势进行展望，以期为我国外语教学评价体系的完善和优化提供参考。

This article aims to review and reflect on the development and current status of formative assessment research in foreign language teaching in China. Formative assessment, as an important teaching evaluation method, is increasingly widely used in foreign language teaching. This article will first provide a brief introduction to the definition,characteristics, and importance of formative assessment in foreign language teaching. Then, it will review the research process of formative assessment in the field of foreign language teaching in China, including its origin, development, and main research results. On this basis, this article will analyze the main problems in the current research on formative assessment in foreign language teaching in China, such as the diversity of evaluation methods, the evaluation of implementation effects, and the integration with teacher teaching concepts. This article will provide an outlook on the future development trend of formative assessment research in foreign language teaching in China, in order to provide reference for the improvement and optimization of the evaluation system in foreign language teaching in China.二、形成性评价的概念与理论基础The Concept and Theoretical Basis of Formative Evaluation形成性评价（Formative Evaluation）是一种在教学过程中进行的、旨在监控学生学习进展并提供反馈以改进教学的评价方法。

Research on English Reading Teaching Strategies in Junior Middle School from the Perspective of Deep LearningXu ZhuYili Normal UniversityAbstract: Reading is an important way to get information and understand the world. Reading a sentence, browsing a text or reading an article is reading. Reading is everywhere. English deep reading emphasizes that reading should not only stay on the surface of the language, but should go beyond the surface information, excavate the cultural connotation behind the language, grasp the emotional attitude of the article, and pay attention to the readers’ in-depth thinking and self construction in the reading process, so that the readers can really obtain the development of thinking quality and spiritual sublimation in reading. English reading teaching has long occupied an important position in English teaching and has a great impact on students’ English learning. The focus of English reading research is on the practice of reading teaching. Reading teaching stays at the surface of the text and ignores the dominant position of students in reading. This paper discusses the performance and value of deep reading based on deep learning theory and reading related theory, and puts forward some suggestions on English deep reading teaching combined with the problems existing in current English reading teaching and students’ reading learning.Keywords: Deep Reading; Junior Middle School English; Teaching Strategies DOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250031.202105101. IntroductionReading is accompanied by our life and has an indelible role and value for everyone’s growth and development. From the most basic level, reading is one of the important ways for us to obtain information. Through reading, we can quickly grasp the information we need. Especially in today’s era of rapid development, the speed of information updating is faster and faster. In order to keep pace with theAbout the author: Xu Zhu (1995-06), female, Han nationality, native place: Yanchuan County, Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, Yili Normal University, master’s degree, research direction: English Teaching in junior middle school.172173times and not be divorced from the development of the times, we need to read a lot. From a deeper perspective, reading is not only an essential way for us to obtain information, but also an important way to improve our ability. In order to obtain effective information and correctly understand the meaning of information, we need to have the ability of information collection, sorting, analysis, screening, reasoning and judgment, which is just an embodiment of our reading ability. The research on English deep reading can further excavate the value of reading to individual growth and development, enable students to obtain the development of thinking quality in English reading and better realize self construction.2. Deep English ReadingEnglish deep reading is a way of reading that goes beyond the surface and goes deeper step by step. It aims at the sustainable development of students. It emphasizes that English reading should not only stay on the surface of the language, not just the simple acquisition of information or the memory and mastery of factual knowledge, but also need to be deeply extended and invested, and pay attention to the meaning and value behind the language, Feel the emotions conveyed by the article, understand the cultural phenomena reflected in the article, cultivate students’ multicultural awareness, consciously develop students’ thinking mode in the process of reading, improve students’ thinking quality, guide students to think critically, encourage students to fully express their thoughts and thoughts, and truly enable students to achieve all-round development in reading. The comprehensive quality has been improved. In essence, reading is a practical activity to realize people’s self construction based on text dialogue. It is an active process of meaning construction. It is a process in which individuals combine new knowledge with original experience on the basis of understanding the text, and constantly transform the original cognitive structure to form a new knowledge structure. The process of English in-depth reading is a process of combining multiple senses, improving multiple abilities and cultivating multiple qualities. It does not blindly pursue the difficulty of reading content, but pays attention to the significance and value of reading for individual growth and development.3. Problems of English Deep Reading in Junior Middle School(1) The reading Content Stays on the Surface Reading content is an important part of reading. What kind of content to choose determines the effect and harvest of reading to a great extent. English Reading Teaching in junior middle school is one of the main aspects of English teaching, and the choice of its content is very important. The deepening of basic education curriculum reform puts forward higher requirements for English teaching,Research on English Reading Teaching Strategies in Junior Middle School from the Perspective of Deep LearningJournal of International Education and Development Vol.5 No.10 2021and the pursuit of English reading teaching is naturally improved accordingly. Guiding students to carry out in-depth reading is a direction for the improvement of English reading teaching, and the choice of reading content should be more in-depth. However, according to the results of classroom observation, the current content of English Reading Teaching in junior middle school mostly stays on the surface.(2) The Reading Process Stops at a Shallow LevelReading process is the specific implementation and expansion of reading, and it is the main element of reading. It is a dynamic process, which completely and in detail reflects how reading is carried out, from which aspects, what activities are included, what requirements are there, and so on. Reading content and reading process are closely related and complement each other. In order to achieve in-depth reading, only in-depth reading content is far from enough. The reading process should also be progressive layer by layer, guide students to think and touch students’ hearts. Only when the process and content promote each other, can students’ reading really go deep and students’ development be more lasting and comprehensive. The reading development process in junior middle school English reading classroom is not deep enough. Some teachers do not pay attention to the expansion process after language knowledge teaching. The reading implementation process in many classrooms only stays in text teaching or problem solving, without in-depth thinking and cultural input. The superficial situation of reading process is mainly reflected in the lack of in-depth expansion of the process, the isolation of reading from other language abilities and so on.(3) The Reading Effect is Limited to the PresentReading effect mainly refers to the harvest and growth of students after reading, including the acquisition of knowledge, the improvement of ability, the sublimation of emotion, the absorption of culture and so on. The reading effect in the classroom mainly emphasizes the development of students in this class, which is mainly reflected in the students’ performance in the classroom and the teachers’ evaluation of reading effect in the classroom. Junior middle school students are still in a critical period of development in their life. Teaching should pay attention to the long-term development of students, not just patronize the immediate effect, so should reading teaching. At present, most of the teaching process of junior middle school English reading classroom still focuses on the students’ current learning effect, without setting up a long-term vision and excavating the value of reading to students’ future growth and development. Students’ performance in class also reflects that students do not have in-depth investment, and their learning mostly stays on the surface of knowledge.1741754. Teaching Strategies of English Deep Reading in Junior Middle School(1) Deepening the Process of Reading Teaching The traditional English reading teaching only pays attention to the teaching of language knowledge, ignores the cultural connotation contained in English, desalinates the value of the reading process to students’ thinking development, and does not really pay attention to students’ emotional attitude, which leads to the shallow state of English Reading Teaching in junior middle school and can not develop in depth. The development of the times and the needs of students’ growth show that the current situation of shallow reading needs to be changed urgently. In order to truly realize the teaching of deep reading in junior middle school, we need to pay attention to all links in reading, start with the specific process, and run the thought of deep reading through the reading process. Generally speaking, reading teaching can be divided into three parts: before reading, during reading and after reading. The three parts are closely related and promote each other, forming an organic whole. The introduction link before reading can lay the tone of a class and pave the way for the specific development of the reading process. Under the guidance of the thought of deep reading, teachers should think and change from these three links in teaching, break through the disadvantages of the original reading teaching, and truly realize the in-depth development of reading teaching in junior middle school.(2) Improve English Reading Quality Depth is the degree of touching the bottom or essence of things. Deep reading is a way of reading that emphasizes touching the essence of reading. The essence of reading is not simply to impart knowledge to students, but to touch students’ hearts, inspire students’ thinking, enrich students’ emotional and spiritual world, let students develop themselves and construct themselves in reading, and realize the value of reading for their own development. In order to ensure the implementation of deep reading, on the basis of deepening the reading teaching process, teachers also need to start from other aspects of reading, comprehensively improve the quality of junior middle school English reading and promote the realization of junior middle school English deep reading.(3) Changing Teachers’ Educational Ideas Correct theory can promote the development of practice. The effective implementation of in-depth reading needs the support of relevant ideas and concepts. Teachers’ educational concept is teachers’ personal understanding of education, reflects teachers’ understanding of all links in teaching activities, and is reflected in each specific work, such as lesson preparation, class, evaluation, class management and so on. What kind of educational concept will take corresponding teaching actions, and teachers’ teaching practice is inseparable from the guidanceResearch on English Reading Teaching Strategies in Junior Middle School from the Perspective of Deep LearningJournal of International Education and Development Vol.5 No.10 2021of ideas. On the other hand, teachers’ educational concept is slowly accumulated in Teachers’ theoretical learning and educational practice. It is not invariable. It should be constantly adjusted with the development of the times and the reform of education, adapt to the direction of educational development, and meet the requirements of the current educational reform.5. ConclusionThe concept of English deep reading is guided by students’ sustainable development, emphasizes the development and in-depth development of the reading process, and attaches importance to the development of students’ thinking quality and the construction of individual meaning in the reading process. In the later research and practice, schools, experts, teachers and other forces need to strengthen their attention to English in-depth reading, promote the development and improvement of English in-depth reading theory, and actively practice it in practical teaching, so as to make English reading more in-depth, English teaching more attractive and English learning more attractive.References[1] Doughty C J, Long M H.The handbook of second language acquisition.the UnitedKingdom: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.2003.[2] Hinkel E.Cultural in second language teaching and Learning. Shanghai: ShanghaiForeign Language Education Press, 2001.[3] Bu Guo Yuanxiang. The position of education [M]. Hefei: Anhui Education Press.2009.[4] Jason. Seven powerful strategies for deep learning [M]. Shanghai: East China Nor-mal University Press, 2009.[5] Wang Yuqiang. In depth Teaching - a method to build a high-quality and efficientclassroom [M]. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2012.[6] Chen Yongfang et al. Strategy training in English Reading Teaching: experienceand improvement [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press, 2014.[7] Lu Ziwen. Theory and practice of English Reading Teaching in primary and sec-ondary schools [M]. Beijing Chongguo electric power press, 2005.[8] Wu Yuanyue. On the connotation, characteristics and standards of in-depth teaching[M]. Educational research and experiment, 2017 (4): 58-65.[9] Cai Runpu, Zhang Jianmei. “Exploration and practice of Chinese deep reading insenior high school” [J]. Contemporary educational science. 2015 (4): 52-55. [10] LV Guozheng. “Several dimensions of English deep reading teaching” [J]. Teach-ing and management,2019 (13), 52-55.176。

全面深化教育改革：我所体验的变化英文版The title of the document is: Comprehensive Deepening of Education Reform: Changes I Have ExperiencedEducation reform is an ongoing process that aims to improve the quality and effectiveness of education systems. As a student, I have personally experienced the changes brought about by comprehensive deepening of education reform.In recent years, there have been significant changes in the way education is delivered. The focus has shifted towards a more holistic approach that emphasizes critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. This has resulted in a more engaging and interactive learning environment, where students are encouraged to think independently and express their ideas freely.One of the key changes I have noticed is the integration of technology into the classroom. This has revolutionized the way we learnand has made education more accessible and interactive. We now have access to a wealth of information at our fingertips, allowing us to explore different topics and perspectives in depth.Another important aspect of education reform is the emphasis on lifelong learning. It is no longer enough to simply acquire knowledge in school; we must continue to learn and grow throughout our lives. This has led to the development of new programs and initiatives that promote continuous learning and skill development.Furthermore, education reform has also focused on promoting diversity and inclusivity in the classroom. Teachers are now encouraged to create a welcoming and inclusive environment where every student feels valued and respected. This has fostered a sense of community and belonging among students, leading to a more positive learning experience.Overall, the comprehensive deepening of education reform has had a profound impact on my education journey. It has equipped me with the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in an ever-changing world, andhas instilled in me a lifelong love for learning. I am excited to see how these changes will continue to shape the future of education and look forward to experiencing further improvements in the years to come.。

深化新时代思政课改革创新的工作经验、突出成效1.深化思政课改革，是推动教育现代化、实现素质教育目标的迫切需要。

Deepening the reform of ideological and political courses is an urgent need to promote the modernization of education and achieve the goal of quality education.2.我们要不断探索新时代思政课教学的路径和方法，使其更贴近学生、更符合现实社会需求。

We need to continuously explore the path and methods of teaching ideological and political courses in the new era, making it more relevant to students and more in line with the needs of the real society.3.创新教学内容和形式，引导学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，是新时代思政课改革的核心。

Innovating teaching content and forms, guiding studentsto establish a correct worldview, outlook on life, and values, is the core of the reform of ideological and politicalcourses in the new era.4.通过多种教学手段培养学生的创新能力和综合素养，是新时代思政课改革的关键之举。

Cultivating students' innovation ability and comprehensive literacy through various teaching methods is a key measure in the reform of ideological and politicalcourses in the new era.5.将思政课融入到学校日常教育教学中，营造浓厚的校园文化氛围，是促进学生成长成才的有效途径。

我国教学设计的发展历程浅析我国教学设计的历史、现状和发展趋势一、本文概述Overview of this article教学设计是教育领域中的一项重要工作，它旨在规划和组织教学活动，以实现教学目标，提高教学效果。

本文旨在浅析我国教学设计的发展历程，探讨其历史背景、现状和发展趋势。

通过对我国教学设计的发展历程的梳理和分析，可以深入了解我国教学设计的发展历程和现状，为未来的教学设计提供借鉴和参考。

Teaching design is an important task in the field of education, aimed at planning and organizing teaching activities to achieve teaching objectives and improve teaching effectiveness. This article aims to analyze the development process of instructional design in China, explore its historical background, current situation, and development trends. By sorting out and analyzing the development process and current situation of instructional design in China, we can gain a deeper understanding of it, providing reference andinspiration for future instructional design.本文将首先介绍教学设计的概念和定义，明确教学设计的目标和任务。

接着，将从历史的角度出发，回顾我国教学设计的发展历程，分析不同历史阶段教学设计的特点和变化。

最新《义务教育语文课程标准(2022版)》解读有哪些突出特点和变化—大单元教学、跨学科学习随着2022年版的义务教育课程方案和课程标准的公布，教师们开始好奇起来：这次修订的标准和方案与旧版相比有哪些变化？新的课标对于统编教材下的教学有何新的导向？如何将学科核心素养真正落实到一线课堂？如何读懂新课标并进行实操？在2022年4月21日，新版的《义务教育语文课程标准（2022年版）》终于颁布了。

与2011年版相比，修订的力度非常大。

在课程目标方面，语文学科的义务教育阶段“核心素养”时代正式到来，核心素养的四个方面是文化自信、语言运用、思维能力和审美创造。

课程目标分学段的要求也不再是以往的五个版块，而是分成了四个领域，即“识字与写字”“阅读与鉴赏”“交流与表达”“梳理与探究”。

新增的两个内容也非常创造性。

其中，一个名为“课程内容”的内容被正式规定。

新版课标从“主题与载体形式”“内容组织与呈现方式”两个方面，对义务教育阶段语文课程内容做出了规定，首次以具体内容描述的形式明确了“教什么”和“学什么”。

为了更清晰地总体性梳理和说明课程内容，新版课标沿用了高中语文课程标准的策略和思路，以六个不同的“研究任务群”来厘清课程内容。

这六个研究任务群分属于三种在语文研究上处于不同功能层次的类型，分别是基础型研究任务群（语言文字积累与梳理）、发展型研究任务群（实用性阅读与交流、文学阅读与创意表达、思辨性阅读与表达）和拓展型研究任务群（整本书阅读、跨学科研究）。

XXX and n of learning task groups。

accurately comprehend the XXX of each learning task group。

Based on this n。

they should design different types of learning tasks。

integrate learning ns。

content。

Plan and Measures for Deepening Classroom Teaching Reform in English SubjectIntroduction:To enhance the quality of English language education and foster students' comprehensive language proficiency, it is imperative to embark on a comprehensive reform of English classroom teaching. This plan outlines the strategic objectives, key initiatives, and specific measures aimed at deepening the reform process, fostering a more dynamic, interactive, and student-centered learning environment.Strategic Objectives:Promote Active Learning: Encourage students to take an active role in their learning journey, fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills in English.Integrate Technology: Leverage digital tools and resources to enrich learning experiences, personalize instruction, and enhance engagement.Develop Cultural Awareness: Enhance students' understanding and appreciation of diverse cultures through authentic language materials and cultural exchanges. Assessment for Learning: Implement a holistic assessment system that informs teaching and promotes continuous improvement for both teachers and students. Teacher Professional Development: Provide ongoing professional development opportunities for teachers to stay abreast of educational trends and best practices.Key Initiatives and Measures:Curriculum Redesign:Revise the English curriculum to align with international standards and local contexts, ensuring it covers language skills, cultural understanding, and 21st-century competencies.Introduce project-based learning (PBL) and authentic tasks that mimic real-world scenarios, fostering practical application of English.Active Learning Strategies:Implement cooperative learning activities that encourage collaboration, discussion, and peer feedback.Utilize flipped classroom models, where students engage with pre-recorded lectures at home, freeing up class time for interactive learning and application. Encourage student-led presentations, debates, and role-plays to develop confidence and fluency in English.Integration of Technology:Incorporate digital resources such as interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and online platforms to enhance lesson delivery and engagement.Leverage language learning software and AI-powered tools for personalized learning paths and adaptive assessments.Encourage students to use technology for research, creative writing, and multimedia projects.Cultural Immersion:Incorporate authentic materials from various cultures (e.g., literature, films, music, news articles) into the curriculum.Organize cultural exchange programs with international schools or pen-pal initiatives to promote intercultural understanding.Hold cultural festivals and events that showcase different traditions and customs.Holistic Assessment System:Adopt a mix of formative and summative assessments that measure both learning outcomes and processes.Use self-assessment and peer assessment to empower students to reflect on their learning and set goals.Employ portfolios, projects, and performance-based tasks to demonstrate language proficiency and creativity.Teacher Professional Development:Offer regular workshops, seminars, and online courses on innovative teaching methodologies, technology integration, and curriculum design.Encourage teachers to collaborate, share best practices, and engage in action research.Provide mentorship programs for new teachers and opportunities for leadership roles within the department.Conclusion:Deepening classroom teaching reform in English requires a holistic approach that addresses curriculum, pedagogy, technology integration, cultural awareness, assessment practices, and teacher development. By implementing the outlined plan and measures, we can create an environment where students thrive as confident, competent, and culturally aware language learners.。

全面深化教育改革：我所经历的挑战与收获英文版Comprehensive Deepening of Educational Reform: Challenges and Achievements I Have ExperiencedThroughout my journey in the field of education, I have encountered numerous challenges and reaped many rewards. From navigating policy changes to implementing innovative teaching methods, each experience has shaped my perspective and contributed to my growth as an educator.One of the main challenges I faced was adapting to the rapidly evolving landscape of educational reform. Keeping up with new initiatives and guidelines required constant learning and adjustment. However, this challenge also presented an opportunity for me to explore new approaches and enhance my skills.Another significant challenge was managing the diverse needs of students in the classroom. Finding ways to engage and support each individual while maintaining a cohesive learning environment was no easy task. However, through trial and error, I discovered effective strategies that helped me create a more inclusive and dynamic classroom environment.Despite the challenges, the rewards of my journey have been plentiful. Witnessing the growth and development of my students has been incredibly fulfilling. Seeing them overcome obstacles, achieve their goals, and develop a love for learning has been the greatest reward of all.Additionally, the relationships I have formed with colleagues and mentors have been invaluable. Collaborating with like-minded educators and sharing experiences has enriched my professional development and inspired me to continue pushing boundaries in the field of education.As I continue on my journey of educational reform, I am excited to embrace new challenges and opportunities for growth. By staying adaptable, open-minded, and committed to continuous improvement, Iam confident that I can make a positive impact on the lives of my students and contribute to the broader goals of educational reform.。