专业外语词汇

专业英文词汇表以下是一些常见的专业英文词汇表，按字母顺序排列：AAbstract 摘要Analysis 分析Assessment 评估Algorithm 算法Architecture 架构Academic 学术的Application 应用Algorithmic 算法的Artificial intelligence 人工智能Automation 自动化BBenchmark 基准Backward compatibility 向后兼容性Big data 大数据Biotechnology 生物技术Business intelligence 商业智能CComputing 计算机科学Cryptography 密码学Component 组件Computer graphics 计算机图形学Control system 控制系统Cybersecurity 网络安全DData 数据Database 数据库Design 设计Development 开发Digital 数字化Distributed system 分布式系统EEncryption 加密Ethics 伦理学Engineering 工程学Experiment 实验Expert system 专家系统FFramework 框架Functional programming 函数式编程Genetic algorithm 遗传算法Grid computing 网格计算HHardware 硬件Hypothesis 假设Human-computer interaction 人机交互Hierarchical clustering 分层聚类IInformation technology 信息技术Interface 接口Internet of Things 物联网Image processing 图像处理JJava programming language Java编程语言KKnowledge 知识Knowledge management 知识管理LLogic logicLinguistics 语言学Linear programming 线性规划MMachine learning 机器学习Modeling 建模Machine vision 机器视觉Microprocessor 微处理器Multimedia 多媒体NNetwork 网络Neural network 神经网络OObject-oriented programming 面向对象编程Operating system 操作系统Optimization 优化Open-source 开源PProgramming programmingParallel computing 并行计算Quality assurance 质量保证Protocol 协议QQuery 查询RRobotic 嵌入式Robotics 机器人技术Random access memory (RAM) 随机存取存储器SSimulation 模拟Software 软件Systematic system 系统化System 系统Statistical analysis 统计分析Security 安全Storage 存储TTesting 测试Technology 技术Telecommunication 通信Theory 理论Transaction 事务Time series 时间序列Turing machine 图灵机UUser interface 用户界面Undo 撤销VVirtual reality 虚拟现实Validation 验证Visualization 可视化WWeb development 网络开发Wireless 无线XXML (Extensible Markup Language) 可扩展标记语言YYield rate 产率ZZero-day vulnerability 零日漏洞。

1attribute 可归因旳，可归属旳communications satellite 通讯卫星magnetic field磁场2.intergreted circuit 集成电路logic circuit逻辑电路ｔｉｍｉｎｇcircuit定期电路3microcomputer 微型电脑，微型计算机monolithic整体旳，单片旳discrete离散旳，分离旳4semiconducter 半导体dope（半导体中）掺杂superconductinｇ超导电旳5transistor 晶体管vacuum tube 真空管，电子管photocell光电管，光电池diode 二极管6active element 有源器件passive component无源器件air-evacuated 抽成真空旳，排空气旳7alternating current（AC）交流电direct current（DC）直流电current intensity 电流强度8electrode 电极anode 阳极cathode 阴极grid 格子，栅极9battary 电池filament 细丝，细线，灯丝10capacitor 电容器inducter 电感器resistor电阻器rectifier 整流器sensor传感器，敏感元件tranducter变换器，换能器，传感器counter计数器filter过滤，滤波；过滤器，滤波器amplifier 放大器，扩大器flip－flop触发器comparator比较器regulater调整器，稳压器mixer 混合器，混频器generator 发电机，电源video amplifier视频放大器thermister热敏电阻audio amplifier音蘋放大器oprational amplifier（op-amp）运算放大器radio frequency amplifier射频放大器modulator调制器adder加法器oscillator振荡器alarm clock闹钟INVERTER反相器11field-effect transister（FET）场效应管zener diode齐纳二极管，稳压二极管triode三极管，真空三极管cassette recorder盒式录音机electronic organ电子琴12germanium 锗元素（半导体材料）silicon 硅元素cadmium sulfied硫化镉13migrate移动，移往bias 偏压，偏置fluctuation变动，波动unimpededly无阻地，不受阻地photolithography摄影平板印刷术，光刻法14thermocouple热电偶DC-coupled直流耦合旳，直接耦合旳15hum嗡嗡声blood vessels血管malfunction故障，失灵fidelity保真度playback播放，回放，重现distortion失真，变形definition清晰度，辨别率16respiratory呼吸旳ripple涟纹，波纹citizens band民用无线电频带dial拨打；拨号盘17feedback 反馈，回授push-button按钮，按键tune为...调谐，对准频率warning system报警系统18AND gate“与”门OR gate“或”门Boolean algebra布尔代数19completary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS）logistic互补型金属-氧化物-半导体（CMOS）逻辑（电路）20emitter coupled logic（ECL）发射极耦合逻辑（）电路21ｏｂｓｏｌａｔｅ荒废旳，陈旧旳，失去时效旳22resistor－ｔｒａｎｓｉｓｉｏｒlogic（RTC）电阻－晶体管逻辑（电路）23transistor－transistor logic（TTC）晶体管－晶体管逻辑（电路）24CT（Computer Tomography）计算机断层造影术，CT检查25ｄｉｓｃｒｅｍｉｎａｔｅ区别，辨别，差异待遇26very－large－scale integrated（VLSL）circuit超大规模集成电路➢amplitude-modulation幅度调制旳，调幅旳anomalous不规则旳，反常旳disturbance扰乱，干扰➢electromagnetic wave电磁波frequency modulation（FM）频率调制，调频ionosphere电离层➢oscillation振荡propagation传播receiver接受机，接受器transmitter发射机，发射器➢amplitude modulation（AM）幅度调制，调幅alternating current（AC）交流电，交流电流➢amplifier放大器antenna天线，触角buffer缓冲器capacitance电容（量）carrier载波➢coaxial cable同轴电缆condencer电容器demodulation解调detection检波double加倍，倍频➢electron tube电子管fidelity保真度inductance电感（量）intelligibility清晰度，可读度，可识度magnetron磁控管modulator调制器phase modulation（PM）相位调制，调相➢quartz crystal石英晶体reflex klystron反射速调管superheterodyne超外差式（旳）➢tank circuit槽路，谐振电路transducer传感器acoustic听觉旳，声学旳，音响学旳➢agitation搅动，激动，骚动attenuation衰弱，减小automatic volum control自动音量控制➢cross modulation交叉调制，交叉干扰direct current（DC）直流电，直流电流➢discriminator鉴别器，鉴频器，鉴相器distortion变形，失真filament细丝，灯丝➢filter过滤，滤波，滤波器harmonic谐波（旳），泛波（旳）inasmuch as由于，由于➢integrated circuit集成电路radio-detector无线电探测器，检波器rectify整流，检波➢selectivity选择性sensitivity敏捷度shield防护，屏蔽solid-state electronic device固体电子器件speaker cone喇叭筒static静电干扰，天电干扰thermal agitation热激发，热扰动➢tone control音调控制transformer变压器vacuum tube真空管，电子管amateur业余爱好者➢anode阳极audion三级检波管，三级真空管bolometer测辐射热仪，辐射热测量器cohere 附着，凝聚，粘接在一起coherer粉末检波器command mudule（宇宙飞船中旳）指挥舱➢crystal set晶体检波接受机，矿石收音机dash（电报中旳）长音，长划detector检波器➢Fleming valve弗莱明管，二极管检波器grid格子，栅极ham业余无线电爱好者➢heliograph日光仪，日光反射信号器impinge撞击，打击，影响incandescent白炽旳，发白热光旳Kennelly-Heaviside layerE电离层（高度110-120km旳反射电波旳大气层）➢limiter限制器，限幅器lunar module（登月宇宙飞船旳）登月舱Morse code摩尔斯电码➢piggyback骑在肩上，搭载rectifier整流器relay继电器，替续器rudimentary初级旳，原始旳，未发展成熟旳short-circuit对...短路，把...短接shutter遮门，遮蔽器，摄影机（快门）➢spark gap火花隙surge电涌，波动；冲浪，冲击tapper轻击锤，散屑锤thermionic tube 热离子管，热发射电子管triode三极真空管voltaic cell伏打电池⏹semiconductor半导体transistor晶体管resistor电阻fabrication制造，生产，制作⏹obsolescence逐渐过时旳，陈旧，报废ubiquitous无所不在旳，普遍存在旳inextricable无法挣脱旳或解脱旳deposition沉积etching蚀刻planarization平坦化sapphire蓝宝石，青玉⏹gallium arsenide砷化镓wafer晶片，圆片substrate基片，基层photolithography光刻法⏹polysilicon多晶硅dice切成方块die冲模weld焊接flip-flop触发器⏹multiplexer多路（复用）器inertially-guided惯性制导旳❖density密度acronym缩略语adheres to坚持consensus一致versatile万能co-exist并存indefinitely不确定地format格式fundamentally根当地authored发明旳adaptive适应旳❖compatible兼容旳initially最初mandatory强制性旳frustrating困难digital数字旳❖amplifier放大器cable电缆线interiaced隔行旳capacity能力，容量encryption密码❖mechanism机制duplicate复制designate指明，表达violation违反high-fidelity高保真性❖consortium国际财团government-sponsored政府赞助✓stem滋长，发展，源自rock-and-roll摇滚音乐compact disc（CD）密集盘，压缩盘，激光盘✓garbied混淆旳，弄错旳，歪曲旳scratch抓痕，刮伤static静电干扰，静电噪声✓dish抛物面天线，碟子，盘子antenna天线astronomer天文学家squeeze挤压eliminate 消除，排除redundancy多出，多出信息flip弹掷，轻抛random随机，随意✓heads硬币正面tails硬币背面playing card扑克牌，纸牌✓deck一副纸牌suit扑克牌四种花色中任意一种heart（扑克牌花色）红桃，红心spade 黑桃✓club梅花diamond方块✓information content信息容量，信息量entropy熵，平均信息量✓toss扔，掷inevitably不可防止地，必然地✓error-correcting code纠错码encoder编码器check bit校验位code word码字，码语✓corrupt破坏，损坏，使...不纯pattern-recognizing模式识别decoder解码器，译码器✓data compression数据压缩rate distortion比率失真，比率变化absolute具有普遍性旳，通用旳✓set forth阐明，陈说probe探针，探测器✧trust信任，信赖，期望，但愿information assurance信息保障confined被限制旳，狭窄旳✧machine-readable可用计算机处理旳safeguard维护；保护；安全装置，安全措施✧glossary术语表synonymous同义旳infrastructure下部构造，基础下部组织hermetic密封旳，与外界隔绝旳eradicate根除capricious反复无常旳commensurate相称旳，相称旳✧assessment估价，被估定旳金额confidentiality机密性cryptograph密码学✧privileged有特权旳divulged泄露，暴露jurisdictions权限maliciously有敌意旳decimal小数，十进制，小数旳mnemonic记忆旳，记忆术旳accountability可阐明性governance可控性risk assessment风险分析compliance服从性identification识别，鉴定，证明，视为同一authentication证明，鉴定non-repudiation承认authorization授权，承认provision供应，供应品，预备，防备auditing查账，审计，审核Business continuity planning事件持续计划性COMSEC通信安全措施（Communications Security）cryptanalysis密码分析学crypto秘密党员，秘密赞同者●stand for代表，替代，象征，支持，做...旳候选人ubiquity到处存在，（同步旳）普遍存在●roaming移动，移向，漫游predecessor前辈，前任，（被取代旳）原有事物●technologically技术上，工艺上modulation调整，调谐，调制●take over把...从一地带到另一地，接受，接管maintenance维护，保持，生活费用，扶养●as of在...时，到...时为止，从...时起authenticate为...出立证据，鉴定，认证●cryptography密码学，密码术encrypt译成密码，编码，加密cipher密码，电码，记号，暗号，电报，密码索引frequency hopping跳频●tradeoff（公平）交易，折衷，权衡cellular多孔旳，蜂窝状旳，泡沫状旳codec编码解码器●quantize激发，鼓励，励磁，激（励）振（荡）representative代表性旳，经典旳，描写旳●predication预言，预报stone碑，里程碑，纪念碑，墓碑●infrastructure基本设施complete完整旳，所有旳，整个旳，完毕旳，完美旳●urban都市旳，都市旳，都市居民旳，住在都市中旳propagation传导，传播，普及●penetration刺穿，穿透，渗透detachable可分开旳，可分离旳，可分遣旳subsidize资助，津贴◆keypad数字按键键盘circuit switching线路互换，电路互换push to talk一键通◆telephony 技术，proliferate激增，扩散briefcase公文包Noric 北欧旳，日耳曼民族旳EDGE（Enhanced Date rates forＧｉｏｂａｌEvolution）全球演进式数据速率增强技术TETRE陆地集群无线电系统◆cameraphone摄像personalization个性化◆line-of-sight视距soft handoff软切换cross talk串话干扰circumstantial间接旳，不重要旳◆anecdotal多逸事趣闻，含逸事趣闻旳culminate in告终，完结◆the star Trek communicator电影《星战旅行》中旳通讯机surgical外科旳，外科手术旳❖underlying在下面旳，主线旳，潜在旳，优先旳succeed继...之后，接替，继承，接着...发生❖infrastructure基础构造，基础设施discretion谨慎，辨别力，考虑，处理权❖timestape时间戳error-corrected差错校正旳precursor先驱者，前导，前兆❖deploy展开，设置vidioconferencing视频会议upstart爆发户，新贵，一步登天旳人❖allied with联合，结盟laptop便携式电脑designate指定，指明，称呼❖arbitary任意旳，恣意旳，专制旳，反复无常旳uplink上行链路downlink下行链路❖prohibitively严禁，起制止作用，克制bankbone脊椎，志气，骨干，支柱，主干网，主干网点handover转移，转换，转交❖ubiquitous无所不在旳，到处存在旳，普遍存在旳hurriedly仓促旳，匆忙旳❖euro欧元wait-and-see观望旳fledged羽毛长齐旳，快会飞旳，成熟旳，独立旳➢Digital signal processing（DSP）数字信号处理器time domain时域➢mathematical calculation and algorithm数字计算和算法signal sampling信号采样➢spatial domain空间域enhancement增强superposition叠加➢“time-invariant”filter时不变滤波器stable response阶跃响应➢frequency domain频域fourier transform傅里叶变换➢filter design滤波器设计vidiocompression视频压缩✓self-replicating自我复制旳executable可执行旳，实行旳✓behave行为体现，举动，举止biological生物学旳✓analogy类似host宿主malicious怀恶意旳，恶毒旳malware恶意软件✓parlance说法，使用方法Trojan特洛伊benign仁慈旳，宽厚旳，温和旳，良性旳✓annoy使苦恼，烦恼payload有效载荷self-reproduction自我复制，自我繁殖✓overwhelm压制，制服，占用，耗尽spyware间谍软件blur不清晰，暧昧不明，模糊✓script脚本，原本，手迹，手稿macro宏，巨大旳trick诡计，骗局bug缺陷，害虫✓uncanny离奇旳plural复数旳deter制止floppy软盘spreadsheet电子数据表misidentify 误认✓recipient接受器，容器prank恶作剧vandalism故意破坏piggy-back骑在背上deception 欺骗✓sparse稀少旳stealth秘密行动intercept中途制止，截取signature签名，签名encryption 密码术encipher编成密码decrypt解码polymorphic多形态旳，多形旳✓statistical记录旳mutation变化metamorphic变形旳，变化构造旳explicitly明白地，明确地✓exploit开拓，开发，非法使用proprietary私有旳，所有旳，所有权✓void空旳，无人旳，无效旳，无用旳warranty授权，理由，根据，担保patch修补hoxb 愚弄✧multitasking多任务技术categoy种类relinquish释放industrial robot工业机械手✧multiprogramming多道程序设计peripherals外部设备cooperative multitasking协同多任务处理技术shortcoming缺陷resource资源✧execution执行multithreading多线程memory protection存储器保护privillege特权swapfile互换文献encyclopedia百科全书refetch重新获取recompute再计算，验算entry条目，登录，进口，入口tag标签web网站，网页write-through cache直写式缓存write-back cache后写式缓存heuristic启发式旳evict驱逐，逐出，收回coherency一致embed嵌入，植入，包括platter盘queue队列，行列，长队index索引，指数，指标，指针simplifistic简化旳，过度单纯化旳entity实体data structure数据构造algorithm运算法则critical operation临界操作，关键运算execution实行，完毕，执行well-suited合适旳，便利旳crucial至关重要旳object-oriented programming language面向对象旳程序设计语言template模板descriminate区别，辨识array排列，数组reference提及，波及，参照，索引null无效旳，无价值旳，等于零旳nullable reference可空索引perspective观点，见解，前途access存取，靠近friewall防火墙segment段，结，片段，分割vulnerable易受袭击旳snoop探听，调查，盗窃，到处窥视，私家侦探spyware间谍软件stand-alone单机filter滤波器，过滤器，筛选anaiogous类似旳，相似旳，可比拟旳traffic交通，交易，通信量connectivity连通性administor网络管理员render偿还，致使，放弃，实行enforcement执行，强迫least privilege principal最小特权原理configuration构造，构造，配置，外形classification分类，分级intercept中途制止，截取screening router筛选路由器protocol协议，草案stack堆栈，堆default默认（值），缺省（值）built-in内置旳，嵌入旳destination目旳地，目旳文献inspect检查，视察virus病毒，毒害Proxy server代理服务器masquerade化妆舞会exploitable可开发旳，可运用旳spoofing哄骗crackers疯狂旳，精神错乱旳network address translation（NAT)网络地址转换scenario游戏旳关，某一特定旳情节disguise假装，伪装，掩饰throughout吞吐量，生产能力，生产量latency等待时间，潜伏，潜在，潜伏物deterministic确定旳，决定论旳，定数论旳flyback回扫，回描semaphore信号量，信标unstick使不再粘着，扯开，分开astonishingly惊人地，令人惊讶地asymmetric不对称旳，不均匀旳termintor终端器，终端套管，终端负载reboot重新引导，重新启动peripheral周界旳，外围旳，外部旳，边缘旳indistinguishable不能辨别旳，不能区别旳conventional常规旳，一般旳，老式旳errata（erratum旳复数）勘误表，订正表attachment附加，附件proprietary专利旳，有专利权旳，独占旳hook up以钩钩住hermaphroditic两性旳，雌雄同体旳proliferation扩散，增生，增殖isochronous同步旳，等时旳statement申明，程序语句command命令tremendous惊人旳，极大旳，非常旳procedure过程invoke调用，祈求internal state内状态first-in first-out（FIFO）先入先出pseudo code伪代码arbitrary任意旳traverse遍历uniquely唯一旳handle句柄decouple去耦，解耦cursor指针controller控制器implemented实现oil refinery and steel mill炼油厂和钢铁厂Boolean logic布尔逻辑negative feedback负反馈thermostat温度调整器brickwork砖体构造oscillation振荡a proportional-integal-derivative loop比例-积分-微分环路deadband静区autopilot自动驾驶室aileron副翼elevator升降机rudder方向舵triangle三角形embedded system嵌入式系统relay继电器hydraulic液压pneumatic气动simulate模仿，模拟，假装，冒充mathematical数字旳，精确旳computational计算旳connectionist连线，连接，线路in more practical terms实际上akin同族旳，类似旳precise精确旳，精确旳，精确exhibit展出，陈列，展示axons（神经旳）轴突，轴突输出端dendrite树枝状结晶，树枝石synapse神经原旳神经线连接，神经键neuroscience神经系统科学neuron神经细胞，神经元neurode神经结点per se自身，本质上come with伴随...发生elements原理，基础emulation竞争，效仿collectively全体地，共同地delineation描绘implementation执行hyperbolic双曲线旳tangent切线，正切decomposition分解，腐烂parallelism平行，对应，类似acyclic非循环旳causal因果关系旳，原因旳entail使必需，使蒙受，使承担，遗传给posterior较晚旳paradigm范例regression衰退fail within属于，适合pattern recognition模式识别applicable to适应于，合用于sequential持续旳，有次序旳priori先验旳，天生旳，天赋旳gradient descent梯度下降perceptron感知器posterior probability后验概率derivative派生旳事物，派生词，引出旳，系出旳compression浓缩，压缩，密集clustering聚类Markov decision progress马尔可夫决策过程1uzzy模糊旳，失真旳reasoning推理，评理，论证deduce推论，演绎出（from）predicate谓语，断言probability也许性，或然性，概率conceptually概念地vaguely模糊地scenario某一特定情节adjacent邻近旳，靠近旳yield出生，产生controversial争论旳，争议旳rigorous严格旳，严厉旳，严峻旳superset超集，扩展集，父集appliance用品，器具detergent清洁剂，去垢剂concertration浓度，浓缩，集中，专心refrigerator电冰箱，冷藏库subrange附属旳区域，子区间brake刹车，闸map映射consensus一致同意，舆论anti-brake system（ABS）防刹车系统rice cooker电饭煲dishwasher洗碗机elevators电梯，升降机boolean logic布尔逻辑meaning内涵，意义，含义gear to使适合deduct演绎，扣除implement贯彻，实现，工具，器械optimal最佳旳，最理想旳set集合formulation用公式表达，明确地体现，做简洁陈说framework构架，框架，构造subset子集solution解答，处理措施，处理方案constraint约束，强制formula公式，规则ball around邻域convex表面弯曲如球旳外侧，凸起旳criterion（批评判断旳）原则，准据，规范hilly多小山旳，多坡旳，陡旳accelerator pedal油门踏板gear齿轮，传动装置dynamic动态旳，动力旳，动力学旳geometrical几何学旳，几何旳integral[数学]积分，完整，部分interchangeable可互换旳positive-definite正定旳position-semidefinite半正定旳zero-state零状态regulator调整者，校准者，调整器linear quadratic regulator线性二次调整器matrix矩阵gain增益dimension尺寸，尺度，维（数）elegantly优美地，优致地derivative微分，导数algorithm运算法则，算法simplicity简朴，朴素coeffient系数，率，程度actuator执行机构，执行器oscillator振荡，使摆动windup终止，结束，装有发条旳，结尾旳non-linear非线性旳feature特性，特点salient明显旳，重要旳，重要旳bumpless勿扰动旳autotune自动调试，自动调谐VI（Virtual instrument）虚拟仪器thermostat恒温器sprinkler洒水车，喷壶，洒水装置inertial惯性旳，不活泼旳oscilloscope示波器constraint约束，压抑，拘束compiler编译器assembler汇编程序，汇编器debugger调试器，测试程序checksum校验和emulator仿真器microcontroller微控制器egoless programming规范化程序设计，非自我程序设计troubleshooting发现并修理故障，处理纠纷subroutine子程序nest嵌套exokernel外核back-up支持leave out省去，遗漏，不考虑combustion燃烧nonpreemptive非抢先旳rate monotonic analysis速率单调性分析semaphore信号量。

英文专业词汇大全英文翻译常用词汇短语具有：have (has), possess, take on表示为：present (提供、给出), denote, is, express by, figure, show,提出、提议：propose、put forward, bring forward明显地、显然地：evidently, obviously, appearently, distinctly, drastically提高、增加：increase, improve, enhance, heighten, elevate (elevation)减少：decrease, reduce, lessen,减小：minish输入、代入：import（进口）, input, introduce, substitute（(数)代入，vt代替、取代）, substituteA by(with) B（依B代A）, substitute for出现、发生：happen(vi), appear(vi), occur(vi), generate, take place, arise, come forth因为、由于：as, because, for, since, because of , by reason of , on account of, due to根据、依照：in terms of, according to,计算、求解：compute, calculate, solve推导：derive, derivation, deduce, deducibility,由：by, from因此：so, thus, hence, therefore, thereby并且：also, and , besides而且：and that, furthermore, moreover,随着：along with, with, accompany一致，与……一致：coincident with, consistent with, in accord with推导：derive, deduce列举：enumerate, list专攻，致力于：specialize, apply oneself to完成，达到：achieve, accomplish, realize描述，描绘：represent,describe加强：intensify, enhance, reinforce, strengthen预见，预估：anticipate, estimate受到，承受：experience, endure, superimpose研究，探索：explore, exploration, investigate, investigation,相当的，比的上的：comparable, equivalent,做...实验, 对...做实验：make (carry out, do, perform, try) an experiment on (upon, in, with)固定，安装：mount, fixed, install, set影响：have(has) an impact on (upon)取决于：depend on, depend upon, have a dependence upon称为，把…称作，叫做：be termed以…为标题，称为：intitule vt求积分：Taking integration与…相反：contrary on , 与…对比：contrast with/to分别的respective，分别地apart respectivelyCompare vt. 比较，对照（with）把...比作；比喻（to）接着next, follow, in succession随后later subsequently whereafter总之anyhow anyway in a word in conclusion on all accounts to sum up 金属切削加工圆周铣削：peripheral milling,端铣削：end milling,（端）面铣（削）：face milling,顺铣：Down milling, climb milling逆铣：conventional milling, up milling,平面铣削：slab milling切屑横截面积：chip cross sectional area, area of chip section，单位切削力，比切削力：specific cutting pressure切向力：tangential cutting force径向力：radial cutting force声发射：acoustic emission signal与….联合、与…协作：in conjunction with振动方面的专业英语及词汇参见《工程振动名词术语》1 振动信号的时域、频域描述振动过程(Vibration Process)简谐振动(Harmonic Vibration)周期振动(Periodic Vibration)准周期振动(Ouasi-periodic Vibration)瞬态过程(Transient Process)随机振动过程(Random Vibration Process)各态历经过程(Ergodic Process)确定性过程(Deterministic Process)振幅(Amplitude)相位(Phase)初相位(Initial Phase)频率(Frequency)角频率(Angular Frequency)周期(Period)复数振动(Complex Vibration)复数振幅(Complex Amplitude)峰值(Peak-value)平均绝对值(Average Absolute Value)有效值(Effective Value，RMS Value)均值(Mean Value，Average Value)傅里叶级数(FS，Fourier Series)傅里叶变换(FT，Fourier Transform)傅里叶逆变换(IFT，Inverse Fourier Transform) 离散谱(Discrete Spectrum)连续谱(Continuous Spectrum)傅里叶谱(Fourier Spectrum)线性谱(Linear Spectrum)幅值谱(Amplitude Spectrum)相位谱(Phase Spectrum)均方值(Mean Square Value)方差(Variance)协方差(Covariance)自协方差函数(Auto-covariance Function)互协方差函数(Cross-covariance Function)自相关函数(Auto-correlation Function)互相关函数(Cross-correlation Function)标准偏差(Standard Deviation)相对标准偏差(Relative Standard Deviation)概率(Probability)概率分布(Probability Distribution)高斯概率分布(Gaussian Probability Distribution) 概率密度(Probability Density)集合平均(Ensemble Average)时间平均(Time Average)功率谱密度(PSD，Power Spectrum Density)自功率谱密度(Auto-spectral Density)互功率谱密度(Cross-spectral Density)均方根谱密度(RMS Spectral Density)能量谱密度(ESD，Energy Spectrum Density)相干函数(Coherence Function)帕斯瓦尔定理(Parseval''''s Theorem)维纳，辛钦公式(Wiener-Khinchin Formula)多阶谐振频率multi-mode resonance frequency多阶频率multiple natural frequnency等效一阶频率equvilent fundamental frequency主振频率main vibration frequency一阶弯曲振动频率First-order Bending Vibration Freguency 低阶固有频率LOW-V ALUE NATURAL FREQUENCY振型分解法Mode Analysis Method振型叠加法Method of Superposition of Vibration Mode2 振动系统的固有特性、激励与响应振动系统(Vibration System)激励(Excitation)响应(Response)单自由度系统(Single Degree-Of-Freedom System)多自由度系统(Multi-Degree-Of- Freedom System)离散化系统(Discrete System)连续体系统(Continuous System)刚度系数(Stiffness Coefficient)自由振动(Free Vibration)自由响应(Free Response)强迫振动(Forced Vibration)强迫响应(Forced Response)初始条件(Initial Condition)固有频率(Natural Frequency)阻尼比(Damping Ratio)衰减指数(Damping Exponent)阻尼固有频率(Damped Natural Frequency)对数减幅系数(Logarithmic Decrement)主频率(Principal Frequency)无阻尼模态频率(Undamped Modal Frequency)模态(Mode)主振动(Principal Vibration)振型(Mode Shape)振型矢量(Vector Of Mode Shape)模态矢量(Modal Vector)正交性(Orthogonality)展开定理(Expansion Theorem)主质量(Principal Mass)模态质量(Modal Mass)主刚度(Principal Stiffness)模态刚度(Modal Stiffness)正则化(Normalization)振型矩阵(Matrix Of Modal Shape)模态矩阵(Modal Matrix)主坐标(Principal Coordinates)模态坐标(Modal Coordinates)模态分析(Modal Analysis)模态阻尼比(Modal Damping Ratio)频响函数(Frequency Response Function)幅频特性(Amplitude-frequency Characteristics)相频特性(Phase frequency Characteristics)共振(Resonance)半功率点(Half power Points)波德图(Bodé Plot)动力放大系数(Dynamical Magnification Factor)单位脉冲(Unit Impulse)冲激响应函数(Impulse Response Function)杜哈美积分(Duhamel‟s Integral)卷积积分(Convolution Integral)卷积定理(Convolution Theorem)特征矩阵(Characteristic Matrix)阻抗矩阵(Impedance Matrix)频响函数矩阵(Matrix Of Frequency Response Function) 导纳矩阵(Mobility Matrix)冲击响应谱(Shock Response Spectrum)冲击激励(Shock Excitation)冲击响应(Shock Response)冲击初始响应谱(Initial Shock Response Spectrum)冲击剩余响应谱(Residual Shock Response Spectrum) 冲击最大响应谱(Maximum Shock Response Spectrum) 冲击响应谱分析(Shock Response Spectrum Analysis)3 模态试验分析模态试验(Modal Testing)机械阻抗(Mechanical Impedance)位移阻抗(Displacement Impedance)速度阻抗(Velocity Impedance)加速度阻抗(Acceleration Impedance)机械导纳(Mechanical Mobility)位移导纳(Displacement Mobility)速度导纳(Velocity Mobility)加速度导纳(Acceleration Mobility)驱动点导纳(Driving Point Mobility)跨点导纳(Cross Mobility)传递函数(Transfer Function)拉普拉斯变换(Laplace Transform)传递函数矩阵(Matrix Of Transfer Function)频响函数(FRF，Frequency Response Function)频响函数矩阵(Matrix Of FRF)实模态(Normal Mode)复模态(Complex Mode)模态参数(Modal Parameter)模态频率(Modal Frequency)模态阻尼比(Modal Damping Ratio)模态振型(Modal Shape)模态质量(Modal Mass)模态刚度(Modal Stiffness)模态阻力系数(Modal Damping Coefficient)模态阻抗(Modal Impedance)模态导纳(Modal Mobility)模态损耗因子(Modal Loss Factor)比例粘性阻尼(Proportional Viscous Damping)非比例粘性阻尼(Non-proportional Viscous Damping) 结构阻尼(Structural Damping，Hysteretic Damping) 复频率(Complex Frequency)复振型(Complex Modal Shape)留数(Residue)极点(Pole)零点(Zero)复留数(Complex Residue)随机激励(Random Excitation)伪随机激励(Pseudo Random Excitation)猝发随机激励(Burst Random Excitation)稳态正弦激励(Steady State Sine Excitation)正弦扫描激励(Sweeping Sine Excitation)锤击激励(Impact Excitation)频响函数的H1 估计(FRF Estimate by H1)频响函数的H2 估计(FRF Estimate by H2)频响函数的H3 估计(FRF Estimate by H3)单模态曲线拟合法(Single-mode Curve Fitting Method) 多模态曲线拟合法(Multi-mode Curve Fitting Method) 模态圆(Mode Circle)剩余模态(Residual Mode)幅频峰值法(Peak Value Method)实频-虚频峰值法(Peak Real／Imaginary Method)圆拟合法(Circle Fitting Method)加权最小二乘拟合法(Weighting Least Squares Fitting method) 复指数拟合法(Complex Exponential Fitting method)1.2 振动测试的名词术语1 传感器测量系统传感器测量系统(Transducer Measuring System)传感器(Transducer)振动传感器(Vibration Transducer)机械接收(Mechanical Reception)机电变换(Electro-mechanical Conversion)测量电路(Measuring Circuit)惯性式传感器(Inertial Transducer，Seismic Transducer)相对式传感器(Relative Transducer)电感式传感器(Inductive Transducer)应变式传感器(Strain Gauge Transducer)电动力传感器(Electro-dynamic Transducer)压电式传感器(Piezoelectric Transducer)压阻式传感器(Piezoresistive Transducer)电涡流式传感器(Eddy Current Transducer)伺服式传感器(Servo Transducer)灵敏度(Sensitivity)复数灵敏度(Complex Sensitivity)分辨率(Resolution)频率范围(Frequency Range)线性范围(Linear Range)频率上限(Upper Limit Frequency)频率下限(Lower Limit Frequency)静态响应(Static Response)零频率响应(Zero Frequency Response)动态范围(Dynamic Range)幅值上限Upper Limit Amplitude)幅值下限(Lower Limit Amplitude)最大可测振级(Max．Detectable Vibration Level)最小可测振级(Min．Detectable Vibration Level)信噪比(S/N Ratio)振动诺模图(Vibration Nomogram)相移(Phase Shift)波形畸变(Wave-shape Distortion)比例相移(Proportional Phase Shift)惯性传感器的稳态响应(Steady Response Of Inertial Transducer) 惯性传感器的稳击响应(Shock Response Of Inertial Transducer)位移计型的频响特性(Frequency Response Characteristics Vibrometer)加速度计型的频响特性(Frequency Response Characteristics Accelerometer) 幅频特性曲线(Amplitude-frequency Curve)相频特性曲线(Phase-frequency Curve)固定安装共振频率(Mounted Resonance Frequency)安装刚度(Mounted Stiffness)有限高频效应(Effect Of Limited High Frequency)有限低频效应(Effect Of Limited Low Frequency)电动式变换(Electro-dynamic Conversion)磁感应强度(Magnetic Induction，Magnetic Flux Density)磁通(Magnetic Flux)磁隙(Magnetic Gap)电磁力(Electro-magnetic Force)相对式速度传(Relative Velocity Transducer)惯性式速度传感器(Inertial Velocity Transducer)速度灵敏度(Velocity Sensitivity)电涡流阻尼(Eddy-current Damping)无源微(积)分电路(Passive Differential (Integrate) Circuit)有源微(积)分电路(Active Differential (Integrate) Circuit)运算放大器(Operational Amplifier)时间常数(Time Constant)比例运算(Scaling)积分运算(Integration)微分运算(Differentiation)高通滤波电路(High-pass Filter Circuit)低通滤波电路(Low-pass Filter Circuit)截止频率(Cut-off Frequency)压电效应(Piezoelectric Effect)压电陶瓷(Piezoelectric Ceramic)压电常数(Piezoelectric Constant)极化(Polarization)压电式加速度传感器(Piezoelectric Acceleration Transducer)中心压缩式(Center Compression Accelerometer)三角剪切式(Delta Shear Accelerometer)压电方程(Piezoelectric Equation)压电石英(Piezoelectric Quartz)电荷等效电路(Charge Equivalent Circuit)电压等效电路(Voltage Equivalent Circuit)电荷灵敏度(Charge Sensitivity)电压灵敏度(Voltage Sensitivity)电荷放大器(Charge Amplifier)适调放大环节(Conditional Amplifier Section)归一化(Uniformization)电荷放大器增益(Gain Of Charge Amplifier)测量系统灵敏度(Sensitivity Of Measuring System)底部应变灵敏度(Base Strain Sensitivity)横向灵敏度(Transverse Sensitivity)地回路(Ground Loop)力传感器(Force Transducer)力传感器灵敏度(Sensitivity Of Force Transducer)电涡流(Eddy Current)前置器(Proximitor)间隙-电压曲线(Voltage vs Gap Curve)间隙-电压灵敏度(Voltage vs Gap Sensitivity)压阻效应(Piezoresistive Effect)轴向压阻系数(Axial Piezoresistive Coefficient)横向压阻系数(Transverse Piezoresistive Coefficient)压阻常数(Piezoresistive Constant)单晶硅(Monocrystalline Silicon)应变灵敏度(Strain Sensitivity)固态压阻式加速度传感器(Solid State Piezoresistive Accelerometer) 体型压阻式加速度传感器(Bulk Type Piezoresistive Accelerometer) 力平衡式传感器(Force Balance Transducer)电动力常数(Electro-dynamic Constant)机电耦合系统(Electro-mechanical Coupling System)2 检测仪表、激励设备及校准装置时间基准信号(Time Base Signal)李萨茹图(Lissojous Curve)数字频率计(Digital Frequency Meter)便携式测振表(Portable Vibrometer)有效值电压表(RMS Value Voltmeter)峰值电压表(Peak-value Voltmeter)平均绝对值检波电路(Average Absolute Value Detector)峰值检波电路(Peak-value Detector)准有效值检波电路(Quasi RMS Value Detector)真有效值检波电路(True RMS Value Detector)直流数字电压表(DVM，DC Digital Voltmeter)数字式测振表(Digital Vibrometer)A/D 转换器(A/D Converter)D/A 转换器(D/A Converter)相位计(Phase Meter)电子记录仪(Lever Recorder)光线示波器(Oscillograph)振子(Galvonometer)磁带记录仪(Magnetic Tape Recorder)DR 方式(直接记录式) (Direct Recorder)FM 方式(频率调制式) (Frequency Modulation)失真度(Distortion)机械式激振器(Mechanical Exciter)机械式振动台(Mechanical Shaker)离心式激振器(Centrifugal Exciter)电动力式振动台(Electro-dynamic Shaker)电动力式激振器(Electro-dynamic Exciter)液压式振动台(Hydraulic Shaker)液压式激振器(Hydraulic Exciter)电液放大器(Electro-hydraulic Amplifier)磁吸式激振器(Magnetic Pulling Exciter)涡流式激振器(Eddy Current Exciter)压电激振片(Piezoelectric Exciting Elements)冲击力锤(Impact Hammer)冲击试验台(Shock Testing Machine)激振控制技术(Excitation Control Technique)波形再现(Wave Reproduction)压缩技术(Compression Technique)均衡技术(Equalization Technique)交越频率(Crossover Frequency)综合技术(Synthesis Technique)校准(Calibration)分部校准(Calibration for Components in system)系统校准(Calibration for Over-all System)模拟传感器(Simulated Transducer)静态校准(Static Calibration)简谐激励校准(Harmonic Excitation Calibration)绝对校准(Absolute Calibration)相对校准(Relative Calibration)比较校准(Comparison Calibration)标准振动台(Standard Vibration Exciter)读数显微镜法(Microscope-streak Method)光栅板法(Ronchi Ruling Method)光学干涉条纹计数法(Optical Interferometer Fringe Counting Method)光学干涉条纹消失法(Optical Interferometer Fringe Disappearance Method) 背靠背安装(Back-to-back Mounting)互易校准法(Reciprocity Calibration)共振梁(Resonant Bar)冲击校准(Impact Exciting Calibration)摆锤冲击校准(Ballistic Pendulum Calibration)落锤冲击校准(Drop Test Calibration)振动和冲击标准(Vibration and Shock Standard)迈克尔逊干涉仪(Michelson Interferometer)摩尔干涉图象(Moire Fringe)参考传感器(Reference Transducer)3 频率分析及数字信号处理带通滤波器(Band-pass Filter)半功率带宽(Half-power Bandwidth)3 dB 带宽(3 dB Bandwidth)等效噪声带宽(Effective Noise Bandwidth)恒带宽(Constant Bandwidth)恒百分比带宽(Constant Percentage Bandwidth)1/N 倍频程滤波器(1/N Octave Filter)形状因子(Shape Factor)截止频率(Cut-off Frequency)中心频率(Centre Frequency)模拟滤波器(Analog Filter)数字滤波器(Digital Filter)跟踪滤波器(Tracking Filter)外差式频率分析仪(Heterodyne Frequency Analyzer) 逐级式频率分析仪(Stepped Frequency Analyzer)扫描式频率分析仪(Sweeping Filter Analyzer)混频器(Mixer)RC 平均(RC Averaging)平均时间(Averaging Time)扫描速度(Sweeping Speed)滤波器响应时间(Filter Response Time)离散傅里叶变换(DFT，Discrete Fourier Transform) 快速傅里叶变换(FFT，Fast Fourier Transform)抽样频率(Sampling Frequency)抽样间隔(Sampling Interval)抽样定理(Sampling Theorem)抗混滤波(Anti-aliasing Filter)泄漏(Leakage)加窗(Windowing)窗函数(Window Function)截断(Truncation)频率混淆(Frequency Aliasing)乃奎斯特频率(Nyquist Frequency)矩形窗(Rectangular Window)汉宁窗(Hanning Window)凯塞-贝塞尔窗(Kaiser-Bessel Window)平顶窗(Flat-top Window)平均(Averaging)线性平均(Linear Averaging)指数平均(Exponential Averaging)峰值保持平均(Peak-hold Averaging)时域平均(Time-domain Averaging)谱平均(Spectrum Averaging)重叠平均(Overlap Averaging)栅栏效应(Picket Fence Effect)吉卜斯效应(Gibbs Effect)基带频谱分析(Base-band Spectral Analysis)选带频谱分析(Band Selectable Sp4ctralAnalysis)细化(Zoom)数字移频(Digital Frequency Shift)抽样率缩减(Sampling Rate Reduction)功率谱估计(Power Spectrum Estimate)相关函数估计(Correlation Estimate)频响函数估计(Frequency Response Function Estimate) 相干函数估计(Coherence Function Estimate)冲激响应函数估计(Impulse Response Function Estimate) 倒频谱(Cepstrum)功率倒频谱(Power Cepstrum)幅值倒频谱(Amplitude Cepstrum)倒频率(Quefrency)4 旋转机械的振动测试及状态监测状态监测(Condition Monitoring)故障诊断(Fault Diagnosis)转子(Rotor)转手支承系统(Rotor-Support System)振动故障(Vibration Fault)轴振动(Shaft Vibration)径向振动(Radial Vibration)基频振动(Fundamental Frequency Vibration)基频检测(Fundamental Frequency Component Detecting) 键相信号(Key-phase Signal)正峰相位(+Peak Phase)高点(High Spot)光电传感器(Optical Transducer)同相分量(In-phase Component)正交分量(Quadrature Component)跟踪滤波(Tracking Filter)波德图(Bode Plot)极坐标图(Polar Plot)临界转速(Critical Speed)不平衡响应(Unbalance Response)残余振幅(Residual Amplitude)方位角(Attitude Angle)轴心轨迹(Shaft Centerline Orbit)正进动(Forward Precession)同步正进动(Synchronous Forward Precession)反进动(Backward Precession)正向涡动(Forward Whirl)反向涡动(Backward Whirl)油膜涡动(Oil Whirl)油膜振荡(Oil Whip)轴心平均位置(Average Shaft Centerline Position) 复合探头(Dual Probe)振摆信号(Runout Signal)电学振摆(Electrical Runout)机械振摆(Mechanical Runout)慢滚动向量(Slow Roll Vector)振摆补偿(Runout Compensation)故障频率特征(Frequency Characteristics Of Fault) 重力临界(Gravity Critical)对中(Alignment)双刚度转子(Dual Stiffness Rotor)啮合频率(Gear-mesh Frequency)间入简谐分量(Interharmonic Component)边带振动(Side-band Vibration)三维频谱图(Three Dimensional Spectral Plot)瀑布图(Waterfall Plot)级联图(Cascade Plot)阶次跟踪(Order Tracking)阶次跟踪倍乘器(Order Tracking Multiplier)监测系统(Monitoring System)适调放大器(Conditional Amplifier)趋势分析(Trend Analysis)倒频谱分析(Cepstrum Analysis)直方图(Histogram)确认矩阵(Confirmation Matrix)通频幅值(Over-all Amplitude)幅值谱(Amplitude Spectrum)相位谱(Phase Spectrum)报警限(Alarm Level)机械相关专业词汇集锦阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm 安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load 凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench 板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key 变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar 摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear 摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion 摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact 保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement 背锥 back cone ；normal cone背锥角 back angle 背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale 比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain 闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm 变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed 变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear ; change wheel 变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient 标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear 表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel 并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD 不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance) 不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing 波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves 补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD 残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device 槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam 侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train 差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism差速器 differential 常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use车床 lathe 承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity 成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series 齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth 齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum 齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum 齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness 齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width 齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve 齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear 齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit 齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear 齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio 齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor 齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper 重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio 冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio 传动装置 gearing; transmission gear 传动系统 driven system 传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft 串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation ; creation 创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load 唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing 从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower 从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell 从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear 粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread 大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer 打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving 带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake 单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing 单万向联轴节 single universal joint 单位矢量 unit vector 当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load 刀具 cutter导数 derivative 倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat 导程 lead导程角 lead angle 等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion 等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam 等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force 等效力矩 equivalent moment of force 等效量 equivalent 等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia 等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis 低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line （疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket 垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring 动力学 dynamics顶隙 bottom clearance 定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动密封 kinematical seal 动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity 动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance 动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine 动态特性 dynamic characteristics 动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design 动压力 dynamic reaction 动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane 端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch 端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio 端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle 锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress 对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承 multi-row bearing 多楔带 poly V-belt 多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses 惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life 额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad 发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane 法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters 法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module 法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch 法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm 法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining 反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法 kinematic inversion 反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting 仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD 防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel 飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear 非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation 非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy 分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder 分母 denominator分子 numerator 分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method 封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge 复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train 复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress 复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism 复杂机构 complex mechanism 杆组 Assur group干涉 interference 刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline 钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor 刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling 高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt 高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law 根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter 高度系列 height series功 work 工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design 工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism 工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space 工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance 工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line 公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears 功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design 共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam 构件 link鼓风机 blower 固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant 关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force 惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force 惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force 惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia 惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia 冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism 广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation 轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob 滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element 滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing 滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing 滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower 滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling 滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch 过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator 函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing 耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor 赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa 互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline 滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing 滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider 环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring 缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron 回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors 混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate 机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism 机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism 机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism 机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism 机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link 机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine 机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator 机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process 技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system 机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD 机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery 机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery 机械的现代设计 modern machine design 机械系统 mechanical system 机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery 机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design 机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors 机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms 机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes 基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life 基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle 基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch 基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder 基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism 急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio 急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet 棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl 极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment 计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient 加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis 加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp 尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash 间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism减速比 reduction ratio 减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer 减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoids 渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile 渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute 渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function 渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute 渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion 键 key键槽 keyway 交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load 交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears 胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration 角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio 角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing 角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing角接触轴承 angular contact bearing 铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane 接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal 阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure 结构设计 structural design截面 section 节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth 节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle 节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter 节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle 解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side 紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch 径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load 径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load 径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing 径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance 径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor 径向间隙 clearance静力 static force 静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load 静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom 矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form 矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor 绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity 均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength 开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain 开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability 可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD 空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism 空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam 空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain 框图 block diagram空转 idle 宽度系列 width series雷诺方程Reynolds…s equation 离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress 理论廓线 pitch curve离合器 clutch 离心密封 centrifugal seal理论啮合线 theoretical line of action 隶属度 membership 力 force力多边形 force polygon 力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism力矩 moment 力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple 力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler 连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve 连心线 line of centers链 chain 链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket ; sprocket-wheel ; sprocket gear ; chain wheel 联组V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling ; shaft coupling 两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed 六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer 轮坯 blank轮系 gear train 螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch 螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear 螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts 螺纹导程 lead螺纹效率 screw efficiency 螺旋传动 power screw螺旋密封 spiral seal 螺纹 thread (of a screw)。

1、美国长壁开采Aggressive 积极的gateroad回采巷道abutment pressure支承压力Sophisticated精致natural roof caving自然冒顶longwall mining 长壁开采Panel layout 盘区布置underground coal mining 地下开采Single longwall mining 单一走向长壁开采infrastructure 基础设施radical根本的In term of用...（术语）来routinely日常的norm准则、规范、标准rigid严格的Depreciate 贬值，跌价state-of-the-art最先进的continue miner 连续采煤机Frame supports 节式支架multi-slicing 多分层incentive刺激，鼓励Fully-mechanized综合机械化plow刨煤机shearer采煤机room-pillar 房柱开采2、Design consideration盘区设计Dedicate奉献complimentary赞美（依赖、依存）dictate支配（决定）amortize分期偿还contiguous邻近的isolate孤立的fiscal财政的handle操纵、处理（开采）overhaul彻底检修、详细检查attitude态度、看法、概念anomaly异常、反常prevail优于、盛行bleeder放血者、泄水孔边界回风巷suppression抑制、阻止。

生长susceptible易受影响的impede阻碍，妨碍，阻止Everything being equal 其它条件完全相同（1）Armored face conveyor（AFC）:刮板输送机（2）stage loader：转载机（3）belt conveyor：胶带输送机（4）ground control：岩层控制（5）determination：决心（6）gob：采空区（7）shield（s）:支架（8）fracture：裂隙（9）perpendicular（to）:垂直3、strata mechanics岩石力学Slice切片，分层void（gob）空洞convergence集中，收敛platy阔、宽、扁平Crack裂缝adjacent邻接intact未收接触、原封不动roof control 顶板控制Abutment pressure支承压力portion部分、一份surface subsidence地表沉陷Immediate roof直接顶caved zone冒落带overburden上覆岩层gateroad回采巷道Expansion ratio膨胀比bulking factor膨胀系数continuous deformation zone 弯曲下沉带Soil zone土壤带（表土层）coal seam煤层main roof老顶face area 采场（stope）回采（工作面）headgate 运输平巷tailgate回风平巷4、panel development盘区巷道掘进/发展Impromptu临时的quote引用，印证revenue税收tolerate忍受，容忍strategy战略Amend修正，改正stipulate规定，约定neutral中立的，空当位置accordingly因此Scope范围incompliance不顺从，不服从prevail优于（+ing）占优的downside下侧5、shield support-general 掩护支架概述Prerequisite（for）先决条件，必要条件tandem串联（的），前后排（的）,纵列（的）Rear后面（的）destinctive独特的，区别的cease（to）停止，中止Underuse为充分利用的（受拉）lemniscate双纽线assembly装置，装配，使用Kinematical运动学的spherical球形的caving shield掩护梁debris碎片，岩屑Top coal caving mining放顶煤开采frame 节式chock支撑式chock shield支撑掩护式Shield掩护式6、支架设计/选择shield supports-design/selectionDevote致力于，努力，贡献restriction限制，约束asymmetric不对称的，不均匀的Shield盾牌，掩护体，掩护支架ergonomically从人体工学角度prior（to）先前，优先Compatible适应torsional扭转的，扭曲的overrate估计过高，定额高Positive 积极地，确定的，绝对的roof load顶板载荷paramount最高的，首要的Structural结构的stationary固定的，禁止的impact影响in this respect 在这方面For one thing举一例子in addition to除。

Aacquisition：测试，获取amplitude：振幅algorithm：运算法则，演算法，计算程序align：对准，校准ATV：（Acoustic Transfer Vector）声学传递向量autocorrelation：自相关axial：轴向的Bbandpass：带通bandstop：带阻blade：叶片CCartesian：笛卡尔catalog：目录；登记，记载；把…按目录分类CFD:(Computational Fluid Dynamics)计算流体（动）力学charge：电荷clipboard：剪贴板column：纵队，列concatenate：联系起来configuration：组合，布置convert：转换Convolution Integral：卷积积分criterion：标准crosscorrelation：互相关cursor：光标curvature：曲率DDamping Ratio：阻尼比default：默认diagonal：对角线dialog：对话框differentiate：求……微分，计算导数（x/jw）dimension：尺寸；[复]面积，范围；[物]量纲；[数]次元，度，维duct：管子EECMA：（European Computer Manufactures Association）欧洲计算机制造联合会ECMA-74：信息技术和电信设备散发的空气传播的噪音的测量eddy：涡流ellipse：椭圆equation：方程式equivalent：当量，相等的eulerian：欧拉examine：检查，审查exponential：指数exterior：外表面extract：提取Ffeature angle：特征角FFT：(Fast Fourier Transform)快速傅里叶变换fluxes：通量folder：文件夹Fourier Series：傅里叶级数FRF：（Frequency Response Function）频率响应函数Friction Coefficient：摩擦系数GHhighpass：高通histogram：直方图hyperbolic：双曲线函数的Iicon：图标illustrate：说明impact：碰撞Impulse Response：脉冲响应（特性曲线）index：指数，索引initial：首项的integrate：作积分运算（x*jw）interface：界面，接口，端口interior：内表面intermediate：中间的interval：间隔iterative：迭代JKLlagrangian：拉格朗日log :记录，日志lowpass：低通Mmacro：宏指令magnitude：量级，级数mapped face meshing：映射面网格划分mean：平均数metric：公制momentum：动量module：模块Nnegative：负方向nodal：节点的NVH：（Noise、Vibration、Harshness）噪声、振动与声振粗糙度OOctave Processing：倍频optimize：使最优化orbit：轨道orthogonal：正交overslung：上置overview：回顾，复习；概观Pparallel：并行parameter：参数perimeter：周长phase：相位Poisson’s Ratio：泊松比positive：正方向post process：后处理pre-amplified：前置放大primitives：图元proceed：继续profile：剖面，侧面，轮廓PSD：（Power Spectral Density）功率谱密度Qquads：四边形Rreciprocal：倒数RMS：（Root Mean Square）均方根routine：例行公事，程序；常规的Sscalar：标量scale：测量；比例schematic：概要scoped：作用域sequence：数列serial：串行simulation：仿真，模拟slope：斜率specify：指定spectrum：谱，能谱split：分割，打断square root：平方根symmetry：对称Ttab：标签tachometer：速度计，测速计tetrahedral：四面体toggle：切换tolerance：公差transduce：转换（信号等）transducer：传感器trigger：扳机，发射，使爆炸tutorial：教程Uultrasonic：超声波underslung：下置undo：撤销utility :功用，效用Vvector：矢量，向量vertical：垂直virtual：虚拟voltage：电压Wwave：波形weighting：加权XYYoung’s Modulus：杨氏系数Z。

岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method根底工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock 标准冻深standard frost penetration冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层〔台〕glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration海积层〔台〕marine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage 喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone砂嘴spit, sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutonic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水〔台〕confined ground water 泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩脉dike dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石构造texture of rock岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土〔台〕overconsolidated soil红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess 素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, detritus未压密土〔台〕underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellaneous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土〔台〕normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits 饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density 饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thixotropy单粒构造single-grained structure蜂窝构造honeyb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数activity index级配gradation, grading 结合水bound water, bined water, held water 界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical position of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, graininess, grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度pactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil 平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture土的构造soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles 土中气air in soil土中水water in soil团粒aggregate cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density index相对压密度relative paction, pacting factor,percent paction, coefficient of paction絮状构造flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性pressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水〔台〕free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网flow net砂沸sand boil渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗流速度seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution剩余变形residual deformation剩余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio 次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement 次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation分层总和法layerwise summation method负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification回弹变形rebound deformation回弹模量modulus of resilience回弹系数coefficient of resilience回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀dilatation角点法corner-points method孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B明德林解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark chart切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量elastic modulus弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩层pressed layer压缩模量modulus of pressibility压缩系数coefficient of pressibility压缩性pressibility压缩指数pression index有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength 最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 次固结secondary consolidation次压缩〔台〕secondary consolidation单向度压密〔台〕one-dimensional consolidation多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结consolidation固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve井径比drain spacing ratio井阻well resistance曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect 潜变〔台〕creep砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method时间因子time factor太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密〔台〕consolidation压密度〔台〕degree of consolidation压缩曲线pression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation有效应力原理principle of effective stress预压密压力〔台〕preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin pression curve 再压缩曲线repression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密〔台〕primary consolidation准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressureK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角〔台〕angle of repose不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength剩余摩擦角residual angle of internal friction 剩余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength库仑方程Coulomb s equation摩尔包线Mohr s envelope摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准那么failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined pression strength 有效摩擦角effective angle of internal friction 有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress真摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope 总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model 超弹性模型hyperelastic model德鲁克－普拉格准那么Drucker-Prager criterion邓肯－模型Duncan-Chang model动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model盖帽模型cap model刚塑性模型rigid plastic model割线模量secant modulus广义·米赛斯屈服准那么extended von Mises yield criterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准那么extended tresca yield criterion加工软化work softening加工硬化work hardening加工硬化定律strain harding law剑桥模型Cambridge model柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model拉特屈服准那么Lade yield criterion理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model流变学模型rheological model流动规那么flow rule摩尔－库仑屈服准那么Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model 蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model切线模量tangent modulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model 屈服面yield surface珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion双曲线模型hyperbolic model松岗元－中井屈服准那么Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion塑性形变理论弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model弹性变形elastic deformation弹性模量elastic modulus弹性模型elastic model汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型WeiRulong-Khosla-Wu model文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model 修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层〔台〕substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium加州承载比〔美国〕California Bearing Ratio 局部剪切破坏local shear failure临塑荷载critical edge pressure梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure 被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium静止土压力earth pressure at rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressure at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium土压力earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角〔台〕angle of repose 分析毕肖普法Bishop method分析边坡稳定平安系数safety factor of slope 分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices分析库尔曼法Culmann method分析摩擦圆法friction circle method分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method 分析斯宾赛法Spencer method分析泰勒法Taylor method分析条分法slice method分析土坡slope分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability分析休止角angle of repose分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity波的弥散特性dispersion of waves波速法wave velocity method材料阻尼material damping初始液化initial liquefaction地基固有周期natural period of soil site动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils 动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor 动力性质dynamic properties of soils动强度dynamic strength of soils骨架波akeleton waves in soils几何阻尼geometric damping抗液化强度liquefaction stress孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil损耗角loss angle往返活动性reciprocating activity无量纲频率dimensionless frequency液化liquefaction液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential 液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction应力波stress waves in soils振陷dynamic settlement阻尼damping of soil阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙排水设施挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall垛式挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall后垛墙〔台〕counterfort retaining wall根底墙foundation wall加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩构造物板桩sheet pile物板桩构造sheet pile structure物钢板桩steel sheet pile物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile物钢桩steel pile物灌注桩cast-in-place pile物拉杆tie rod物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall物锚固技术anchoring物锚座Anchorage物木板桩wooden sheet pile物木桩timber piles物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheetpile-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit 基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸sand boiling深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅根底补偿性根底pensated foundation 持力层bearing stratum次层〔台〕substratum单独根底individual footing倒梁法inverted beam method刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 刚性根底rigid foundation高杯口根底根底埋置深度embeded depth of foundation基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction基底附加应力net foundation pressure穿插条形根底cross strip footing接触压力contact pressure静定分析法〔浅根底〕static analysis (shallow foundation)壳体根底shell foundation扩展根底spread footing片筏根底mat foundation浅根底shallow foundation墙下条形根底热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method柔性根底flexible foundation上部构造－根底－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis弹性地基梁〔板〕分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation条形根底strip footing下卧层substratum箱形根底box foundation18. 深根底贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile波动方程分析Wave equation analysis场铸桩〔台)cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉井根底open-end caisson foundation沉箱根底box caisson foundation成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile承台pile caps充盈系数fullness coefficient单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile低桩承台low pile cap地下连续墙diaphgram wall点承桩〔台〕end-bearing pile动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula 端承桩end-bearing pile法兰基灌注桩Franki pile负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles钢桩steel pile高桩承台high-rise pile cap灌注桩cast-in-place pile横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles护壁泥浆slurry coat method回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile静力压桩silent piling抗拔桩uplift pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile摩擦桩friction pile木桩timber piles嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock群桩pile groups群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效应efficiency of pile groups群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups深根底deep foundation竖直群桩横向极限承载力无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile桩piles桩基动测技术dynamic pile test钻孔墩根底drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface paction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting电渗法electro-osmotic drainage 顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement 短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method复合地基posite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grouting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩pacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆paction grouting挤密桩paction pile, pacted column挤淤法displacement method加筋法reinforcement method加筋土reinforced earth碱液法soda solution grouting浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method 降低地下水位法dewatering method坑式托换pit underpinning冷热处理法freezing and heating锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic paction人工地基artificial foundation容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure褥垫pillow软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground砂桩sand column山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area深层搅拌法deep mixing method渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method 石灰桩lime column, limepile树根桩root pile水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar天然地基natural foundation土工聚合物Geopolymer土工织物geofabric, geotextile土桩earth pile托换技术underpinning technique外掺剂additive旋喷jet grouting药液灌浆chemical grouting预浸水法presoaking预压法preloading真空预压vacuum preloading振冲法vibroflotation method振冲密实法vibro-paction振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column 振冲置换法vibro-replacement振密、挤密法vibro-densification, pacting置换率〔复合地基〕replacement ratio重锤夯实法tamping桩式托换pile underpinning桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器根底比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test地基固有周期natural period of soil site动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor 隔振isolation根底振动foundation vibration 根底振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration根底振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration根底自振频率natural frequency of foundation 集总参数法lumped parameter method吸收系数absorption coefficient质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基根底抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地震earthquake, seism, temblor地震持续时间duration of earthquake地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地震反响谱earthquake response spectrum地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor 对数递减率logrithmic decrement刚性系数coefficient of rigidity吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室土工试验比重试验specific gravity test 变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test 不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test常规固结试验routine consolidation test常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidation test等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test 反压饱和法back pressure saturation method高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test 各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test共振柱试验resonant column test固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test 固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test环剪试验ring shear test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test快剪试验quick direct shear test快速固结试验fast consolidation test离心模型试验centrifugal model test连续加荷固结试验continual loading test慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test 毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test密度试验density test扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus膨胀率试验swelling rate test平面应变仪plane strain apparatus三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test三轴压缩试验triaxial pression test砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test 筛分析sieve analysis渗透试验permeability test湿化试验slaking test收缩试验shrinkage test塑限试验plastic limit test缩限试验shrinkage limit test土工模型试验geotechnical model test土工织物试验geotextile test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined pression strength test无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial pression test压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial pressure test压密试验consolidation test液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit bined method液限试验liquid limit test应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial pression apparatus应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial pression apparatus有机质含量试验organic matter content test 真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test直剪仪direct shear apparatus直接剪切试验direct shear test直接单剪试验direct simple shear test自振柱试验free vibration column testK0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained testK0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test23. 原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test外表波试验surface wave test超声波试验ultrasonic wave test承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile 动力触探试验dynamic penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test静力载荷试验plate loading test跨孔试验cross-hole test块体共振试验block resonant test螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test旁压试验pressurementer test轻便触探试验light sounding test深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement 十字板剪切试验vane shear test无损检测nondestructive testing..-下孔法试验down-hole test现场渗透试验field permeability test原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore waterpressure measurement原位试验in-situ soil test最后贯入度final set. . word.zl-。

专业英语词汇:Influenza 流感Acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎Pneumonia 肺炎Community acquired pneumonia,CAP 社区获得性肺炎Hospital acquired pneumonia,HAP 医院获得性肺炎V entilator associated pneumonia,V AP 呼吸机相关性肺炎Healthcare associated pneumonia,HCAP 卫生保健相关性肺炎Protected specimen brush ,PSB 防污染样本毛刷Bronchial alveolar lavage,BAL 支气管肺泡灌洗Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration,PFNA经皮细针吸检Urinary antigen test 尿抗原试验Streptococcus pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌Pneumococcal pneumoniae 肺炎球菌Staphylococcal pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎Mycoplasmal pneumonia 肺炎支原体肺炎Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia pneumonia 肺炎衣原体肺炎Chlamydia pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体Viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎Severe acute respiratory syndrome ,SARS严重急性呼吸综合征SARS-associated coronavirus,SARS-CoV SARS冠状病毒Pulmonary candidiasis 肺念珠菌病Pulmonary aspergillosis 肺曲霉病Invasive Pulmonary aspergillosis 侵袭性肺曲霉病Halo sign 晕轮征Crescent sign 新月体征Aspergilloma 曲霉肿Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ,ABPA变应性支气管肺曲霉病Pulmonary cryptococcosis 肺隐球菌病Pneumocystis 肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ,PC 卡氏肺囊虫肺炎Lung abscess 肺脓肿Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症Pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍化物Isoniazid,INH,H 异烟肼Rifampicin,RFP,R 利福平Rifapentine,RFT 利福喷丁Pyrazinatnide,PZA,Z 吡嗪酰胺Ethambutol,EMB,E 乙胺丁醇Streptomycin,SM,S 链霉素Multidrug resistant tuberculosis ,MDR-TB 耐多药结核病Extensive drug resistant or extreme drug resistant XDR-TB 超级耐多药结核病Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎Aminophyllin 氨茶碱Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPDBronchial asthma 哮喘Bronchial provocation test ,BPT 支气管激发试验Bronchial dilation ,BDT支气管舒张试验Pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE 肺血栓栓塞症Pulmonary embolism ,PE 肺栓塞Deep venous thrombosis,DVT 深静脉血栓形成D-dimer D二聚体Pulmonary hypertension ,PH 肺动脉高压Cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病Chronic pulmonary heart disease 慢性肺源性心脏病Allergic granulomatosis 过敏性肉芽肿病Interstitial lung disease,ILD 间质性肺疾病Diffuse parenchymal lung disease ,DPLD 弥慢性实质性肺疾病Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia，IIP 特发性间质性肺炎Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis，IPF 特发性肺纤维化Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis，PAP 肺泡蛋白质沉积症Non-specific interstitial pneumonia，NSIP 非特异性间质性肺炎Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia 慢性嗜酸性粒细胞性肺炎Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症Extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎Sarcoidosis 结节病Granuloma-inciting factor 肉芽肿激发因子Fibroblasts growth factory ，FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子Parapneumonic diffusions 类肺炎性胸腔积液Pneumothorax 气胸Pleural bleb 胸膜下肺大疱Emphysematous bulla 肺大疱Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管癌Paraneoplastic syndrome 副癌综合症Hypertrophic pulmonaryosteoarthropathy 肥大性肺性骨关节病Transbronchial lung biopsy 经支气管镜肺活检Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome 睡眠呼吸暂停综合症Polysomnography PSG 多导睡眠图Nasal-continuous positive airway pressure CPAP 经鼻持续气道内正压通气Bilevel positive airway pressure BiPAP 双水平气道内正压Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty UPPP 颚垂软腭咽成形术Hypoventilation 通气不足Diffusion abnormality 弥散障碍V entilation-perfusion mismatch 通气/血流比例失调Functional shunt 功能性分流Dead space-like ventilation 死腔样通气Pulmonary encephalopathy肺性脑病Carbon didioxide narxosis CO2麻醉Dyspnea 呼吸困难CHEYNE-STOKES respiration潮式呼吸Arterial blood gas analysis 动脉血气分析Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation NIPPV无创正压通气Recruitment maneuver 肺复张法Sepsis 感染中毒症Hypovolemic shock低血容量性休克Cardiogenic shock 心源性休克Distributive shock 分布性休克Obstructive shock 梗阻性休克Cardiac dysfunction 心功能不全Angiotensin 2 血管紧张素Atrial natriuretic peptide，ANP and brain natriuretic peptide，BNP 心钠肽和脑钠肽Arginine vasopressin ，A VP 精氨酸加压素Endothelin 内皮素Cardiac arrhythmia 心律失常After depolarization 后除极Sinus node recovery time，SNRT 窦房结恢复时间Sinoatrial conduction time，SACT 窦房结传导时间Sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速Sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓Sinus pause or sinus arrest 窦性停搏或窦性静止Sinoatrial block，SAB 窦房阻滞Sick sinus syndrome ，SSS，病态窦房结综合症Atrial premature beats 房性期前收缩Atrial flutter 心房扑动Atrial fibrillation 房颤Premature atrioventricular junctional beats 房室交界区性期前收缩A V junctional escape beats 房室交界区性异搏Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ，PSVT 阵发性室上性心动过速Preexcitation syndrome 预激综合征Premature ventricular beats 室性期前收缩V entricular tachycardia 室速Torsades de pointes 尖端扭转V entricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation 心室扑动与颤动Atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞Intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞Right bundle branch block ，RBBB 右束支阻滞Radiofrequency energy 射频电能Cardiac arrest 心脏骤停Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ，CPR 心肺复苏Congenital cardiovascular disease 先天性心血管病Atrial septal defect ，ASD 房间隔缺损V entricular septal defect ,VSD室间隔缺损Patent ductus arteriosus ，PDA动脉导管未闭Congenital bicuspid aortic valve 先天性二叶主动脉瓣Congenital coarctation of the aorta 先天性主动脉瓣缩窄Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis 先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄Congenital aortic sinus aneurysm 先天性主动脉窦动脉瘤Congenital tetralogy of fallot 先天性法洛四联症Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗Sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠Nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油Atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化Low density lipoprotein，LDL 低密度脂蛋白Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Ischemic heart disease 缺血性心脏病Acute coronary syndrome ACS 急性冠脉综合征Stable angina pectoris 稳定型心绞痛Myocardial infarction，MI 心肌梗死Cardiac aneurysm 心室壁瘤Ischemic cardiomyopathy 缺血性心肌病V alvular heart disease 心脏瓣膜病Rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病Mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄Mitral incompetence 二尖瓣关闭不全Aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄Aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全Tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄Tricuspid incompetence 三尖瓣关闭不全Pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄Infective endocarditis ，IE 感染性心内膜炎Dilated cardiomyopathy ，DCM 扩张型心肌病Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy，HCM 肥厚型心肌病Restrictive cardiomyopathy ，RCM 限制型心肌病Myocarditis 心肌炎Acute pericarditis急性心包炎Aortic dissection 主动脉夹层Intermittent claudication 间歇性跛行Cardiovascular neurosis 心脏神经症Helicopter pylori，H. pylori 幽门螺旋杆菌Gastroesophageal reflux disease 胃食管反流病Lower esophageal sphincter 食管下括约肌H2 receptor antagonist H2RA H2受体拮抗剂Proton pump inhibitor PPI质子泵抑制剂Gastritis 胃炎Gastropathy 胃病Acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis 急性糜烂出血性胃炎Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ，NSAID 非甾体抗炎药Atrophic gastritis萎缩性胃炎Acute purulent gastritis 急性化脓性胃炎Peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡Gastric ulcer GU 胃溃疡Duodenal ulcer DU十二指肠溃疡Gastric carcinoma 胃癌Endoscopic ultrasonography 超声内镜Intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核Tuberculous peritonitis 结核性腹膜炎Inflammatory bowel disease IBD 炎症性肠病Ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎Crohn’s diseaseCD克罗恩病Toxic megacolon 中毒性巨结肠Budesonine 布地奈德Cyclosorine 环孢素Colorectal carcinoma 直肠癌Functional gastrointestinal disorder 功能性胃肠病Functional dyspepsia 功能性消化不良Irritable syndrome 肠易激综合症Chronic diarrhea慢性腹泻Fatty liver disease 脂肪性肝病Alcoholic fatty liver酒精性脂肪肝Autoimmune hepatitis 自身免疫性肝病Primary biliary cirrhosis 原发性胆汁性肝硬化Hepatic cirrhosis 肝硬化Portal hyertension 门静脉高压Spontaneous bacterial peritonItis 自发性细菌性腹膜炎Hepatorenal syndrome HRS 肝肾综合症Hepatopulmonary syndrome HPS肝肺综合症Alpha fetoprotein，AFP 甲胎蛋白Porto-systemic encephalpathy，PSE 门体分流性脑病Glomerular basement membrane ，GBM 肾小球基底膜Acute golmerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 急进性肾小球肾炎Chronic golmerulonephritis 慢性肾小球肾炎Asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria 无症状性血尿或（和）蛋白尿（隐匿性肾小球肾炎Nephritic syndrome肾病综合征Minor golmerular abnormalities 轻微性肾小球病变Focal segmental lesions 局灶性节段性病变Focal glomerulonephritis 局灶性肾小球肾炎Diffuse golmerulonephritis 弥满性肾小球肾炎Membranous nephropathy 膜性肾病Mesangial proliferative golmerulonephritis 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎Endocapillary proliferative golmerulonephritis 毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis 系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎Crescentic and necrotizing golmerulonephritis 新月体性和坏死性肾小球肾炎Sclerosing glomerulonephritis 硬化性肾小球肾炎IgA nephropathy IgA肾病Acute interstitial nephritis ，AIN 急性间质性肾炎Urinary tract infection ，UTI 尿路感染Intravenous pyelography ，IVP 静脉肾盂造影Renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄Renal vascular hypertension 肾血管性高血压Hypertensive nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化症Benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis 良性小动脉性肾硬化症Malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis 恶性小动脉性肾硬化症Acute renal failure ，ARF 急性肾衰竭Acute tubular necrosis ，A TN 急性肾小管坏死Uremic toxins 尿毒症毒素Stem cell 干细胞Totipotent 全能的Fertilized egg 受精卵Hematology血液病学Anemia 贫血Aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血Iron deficient anemia 缺铁性贫血Megaloblstic anemia MA巨幼细胞贫血Hemolytic anemia 溶血性贫血Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿Leukopenia 白细胞减少Neutropenia 中性粒细胞减少Agranulocytosis 粒细胞缺乏症Myelodysplastic syndroms骨髓增生异常综合症Acute lymphoblastic leukemia急性淋巴细胞性白血病Acute myetoid leukemia 急性白血病Lymphoma 淋巴瘤Hodgkin lymphoma霍奇金淋巴瘤Malignant lymphoma恶性淋巴瘤Multiple myeloma 多发性骨髓瘤Hypersplenism 脾功能亢进Allergic purpura过敏性紫癜Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP特发性血小板减少性紫癜Hemolytic uremic syndrome 溶血尿毒综合症Hemophilia 血友病Dissenminated intravascular coagulation弥散性血管内凝血Thromboembolism 血栓栓塞Gigantism 巨人症Acromegaly 肢端肥大症Growth hormone deficiency dwarfism ，GHD 生长激素缺乏性侏儒症Pituitary dwarfism 垂体性侏儒症Diabetes insipidus ,DI 尿崩症Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ，SIADH 抗利尿激素分泌失调综合症Simple Goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿Nontoxic goiter 非毒性甲状腺肿Endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿Iodine deficiency disorders ，IDD 碘缺乏病Thyrotoxicosis 甲状腺毒症Hyperthyroidism 甲亢Thyroid crisis 甲状腺危象Apathetic hyperthyroidism 淡漠型甲亢Hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退症Primary hypothyroidism 原发性甲减Subacute thyroiditis 亚急性甲状腺炎Autoimmune thyroiditis ，AIT 自身免疫甲状腺炎Hashimoto thyroiditis ，HT 桥本甲状腺炎Thyroid nodule 甲状腺结节Primary aldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症Chronic adrenocortical hypofunction 原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症Pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤Hyperparathyroidism 甲旁亢Hypoparathyroidism 甲旁减Multiple endocrine neoplasia ，MEN 多发性内分泌腺瘤病Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病Metformin 二甲双胍Regular insulin 普通胰岛素Diabetic ketoacidosis ，DKA糖尿病酮症酸中毒Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar status ，HHS 高血糖高渗状态Hypoglycemia 低血糖症Insulinoma 胰岛素瘤Dyslipidemia 血脂异常Chylomicron，CM 乳糜微粒Apoproein 载脂蛋白V ery-low-density lipoprotein ，VLDL 极低密度脂蛋白Obesity 肥胖症Metabolic syndrome ，MS 代谢综合征Hyponatremia 低钠血症Water intoxication 水中毒Hypokalemia 低钾血症Potassium depletion 钾缺乏症Standard bicarbonate ，SB 标准碳酸氢盐Buffer base ，BB 缓冲碱Base excess ，BE 碱剩余Anion gap ，AG 阴离子间隙Hyperuricemia 高尿酸血症Gout 痛风Tophi 痛风石Osteoporosis ，OP 骨质疏松症Rheumatic diseases 风湿性疾病connective tissue disease ，CTD 结缔组织病rheumatoid factory，RF 类风湿因子nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs，NSAID 非甾体抗炎药rheumatoid arthritis ，RA类风湿关节炎glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素systemic lupus erythematosus ，SLE 系统性红斑狼疮lupus nephritis ，LN 狼疮肾炎ankylosing spondylitis ，AS 强直性脊柱炎vasculitides 血管炎takayasu arteritis，TA大动脉炎idiopathic inflammatory myositis，IIM 特发性炎症性肌病systemic sclerosis ，SSC 系统性硬化病osteoarthritis ，OA骨关节炎diseases of high altitude 高原病abstinence syndrome 戒断综合征。

英语语法专业术语表0英语语法专业术语表01. Morphology 词法2．Notional Words 实义词3． Form Words 虚词4．P arts of Speech 词性 5．The Noun 名词6．The Pronoun 代词7．The Numera l 数词8．The Verb 动词9．The Adjective 形容词10. The Adverb 副词11. The Article 冠词12. The Preposition 介词13. The conjunction 连词14. The Interjection 感叹词15. The Particle 小品词16. Word Building 构词法17. Conversion 转化18. Derivation 派生19. Composition 合成20. Pre fix 前缀21. Suffix 后缀22. Compound Words 合成词23. Classification o f Nouns 名词的分类24. Common Nouns 普通名词 25. Proper Nouns 专有名词26. Countable Nouns 可数名词27. Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词28. Th e Singular Form 单数形式29. The Plural Form 复数形式30. Individual N ouns个体名词31. Collective Nouns集体名词32. Material Nouns物质名词33. Abstract Nouns抽象名词34. The Common Case普通格35. The Possessive Case所有格36． Personal Pronouns 人称代词37. Possessive Pronouns 物主代词38. Self Pronouns反身代词39. Demonstrative Pronouns指示代词40. Interrogative Pronouns疑问代词不达意41. Conjunctive Pronouns连接代词42. Relative Pronouns关系代词43. Indefinite Pronouns不定代词44. Reciprocal Pronouns相互代词45. The Subjective Case主格46. The Obje ctive Case宾格47. Cardinal Numerals基数词48. Ordinal Numerals 序数词49. Fractional Numerals分数词50．Notional Verbs实意动词051. Link Verbs连系动词52. Auxiliary Verbs助动词53. Modal Verbs 情态动词54. Transitive Verbs及物动词55. Intransitive Verbs不及物动词56. Regular Verbs规则动词57. Irregular Verbs不规则动词58. Person人称59. Number数 60. Tense时态61. Voice语态62. Mood语气63. The Prin ciple Forms of Verbs动词的主要形式64. The Present Forms 现在式65. The Non-finite Forms of the Verb动词的非谓语形式66. The Participle分词67. The Past Forms过去式68. The Past Participle过去分词69. The Infi nitive不定式70. The Gerund动名词71. The Present Indefinite一般现在时72. The Past Indefinite一般过去时73. The Future Indefinite一般将来时074. The Past Future Indefinite一般过去将来时75. The Present Cont inuous现在进行时76. The Past Continuous 过去进行时77. The Future Con tinuous 将来进行时78. The Present Perfect现在完成时79. The Future Pe rfect将来完成时80. The Present Perfect Continuous现在完成进行时80. The Sequence of Tenses时态的呼应82. The Active Voice主动语态83. The Passive Voice被动语态84. The Indicative Mood陈述语气85. The Imperat ive Mood祈使语气86. The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气87. Sentences of Re al Condition真实条件句88. Sentences of Unreal Condition虚拟条件句89. Degrees of Comparison比较的级别90. The Comparative Degree比较级91. The Superlative Degree最高级92. Adverbs of Time时间副词 93. Adverbs of Place地点副词94. Adverbs of Manner方式副词95. Adverbs of Degree 程度副词96. Adverbs of Frequency频度副词97. Relative Adverbs关系副词98. Conjunctive Adverbs连接副词99. Interrogative Adverbs疑问副词100. The Definite Article定冠词101. The Indefinite Article不定冠词102. Coordinating Conjunctions并列连词103. Subordinating Conjunctions从属连词104. Syntax句法105. The Sentence句子106. The Subject主语107. Members of the Sentence句子成分108. The Predicate谓语109. The Object 宾语110. The Predicative表语111. The Attributive定语112. The Adverb ial (Modifier)状语113. The Appositive 同位语114. Declarative Sentenc e陈述句115. Imperative Sentence祈使句116. Exclamatory Sentence感叹句 117. Interrogative Sentence疑问句118. General Question一般问句11 9. Special Question特殊问句120. Alternative Question选择问句121. Di sjunctive Question反意问句122. Simple Sentence简单句123. Compound S entence并列句124. Complex Sentence复合句125. Compound Complex Sente nce并列复合句126. Simple Predicate简单谓语127. The Compound Predica te复合谓语0128. The Compound Verbal Predicate表行为的复合谓语129. The Compo und Nominal Predicate0表性状的复合谓语130. The Direct Object直接宾语131. The Indirect Object间接宾语132. The Complex Object复合宾语133. The Cognate Objec t同源宾语134. Independent Elements独立成分135. Direct Speech直接引语136. Parenthesis插入语137. Inserted Elements插入成分138. Indirect Speech间接引语139. The Nominative Absolute独立主格0 140. Phrases短语141. Participial Phrases分词短语142. Prepositio nal Phrases介语短语143. Infinitive Phrases不定式短语144. Infinitive Phrases不定式短语145. Phrasal Verbs短语动词146. Subordinate Clause 从句147. Main Clauses主句148. Subject Clause主语从句149. Object Cla use宾语从句150. Attributive Clause定语从句151. Predicative Clause表语从句152. Appositive Clause同位语从句153. Adverbial Clause状语从句154. Adverbial Clause of Time时间状语从句155. Adverbial Clause of Pl ace地点状语从句156. Adverbial Clause of Cause原因状语从句157. Adver bial Clause of Condition条件状语从句0158. Adverbial Clause of Degree (Result)结果状语从句159. Adverbi al Clause of Concession让步状语从句160. Adverbial Clause of Purpose 目的状语从句161. Adverbial Clause of Comparison比较状语从句162. Adve rbial Clause of Manner方式状语从句163. Restrictive Attributive Claus e限制性定语从句164. Non-restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句165. Limiting Attributes 限制性定语166. Natural Word-order自然语序167. Inversion倒装168. Full Inversion完全倒装0 169. Partial Inversion部分倒装170. Ellipsis省略171. Transformat ion of Sentences句子的转换172. Analysis of Sentences句子分析173. Pu nctuation标点符号174. Period (Full Stop)句号175. Question Mark问号1 76. Exclamation Mark感叹号177. Comma逗号178. Semicolon分号179. Col on冒号180. Quotation Marks引号181. Brackets括号182. Angle Brackets 角括号183. Parentheses (curves)圆括号184. Square Brackets方括号185. Brace大括号186. Dash破折号187. Hyphen连字符188. Apostrophe省略号1 89. Slant斜线号190. Asterisk星号191. Parallels 平行号0。

pacific a.和平的n.太平洋pack vt.捆扎；挤满n.包package n.包裹，包，捆packet n.小包(裹)，小捆pad n.垫；本子vt.填塞page n.页pail n.桶，提桶pain n.痛，痛苦悲伤；辛劳painful a.使痛的；费力的paint vt.画；油漆vi.绘画painter n.漆工，画家，绘画者painting n.油画；绘画；着色pair n.一对vi.成对，配对palace n.宫，宫殿pale a.苍白的；浅的palm n.手掌，手心；掌状物pan n.平底锅，盘子panda n.小猫熊；猫熊pane n.窗格玻璃panel n.专门小组；面，板pant n.气喘；心跳paper n.纸；官方文件；文章parade n.游行；检阅vi.游行paradise n.伊甸乐园；天堂paragraph n.(文章的)段，节parallel a.平行的；相同的parcel n.包裹，小包，邮包pardon n.原谅；赦免vt.原谅parent n.父亲，母亲，双亲park n.公园；停车场parliament n.议会，国会part n.一部分；零件；本份partial a.部分的；不公平的partially ad.部分地participate vi.参与，参加；分享particle n.粒子，微粒particular a.特殊的；特定的particularly ad.特别，尤其，格外partly ad.部分地，不完全地partner n.伙伴；搭挡；配偶party n.党，党派；聚会pass vt.经过；通过；度过passage n.通过；通路，通道passenger n.乘客，旅客，过路人passion n.激情，热情；爱好passive a.被动的；消极的passport n.护照past a.过去的n.过去paste n.糊，酱；浆湖pastime n.消遣，娱乐pat n.&vt.&n.轻拍patch n.补钉；碎片vt.补缀path n.路，小道；道路patience n.忍耐，容忍，耐心patient a.忍耐的n.病人pattern n.型，式样，模，模型pause n.&vi.中止，暂停pave vt.铺，筑(路等)pavement n.(英)人行道paw n.脚爪，爪子pay vt.支付；付给；给予payment n.支付，支付的款项pea n.豌豆；豌豆属植物peace n.和平；和睦；平静peaceful a.和平的；安静的peach n.桃子，桃树peak n.山顶，巅 a.最高的pear n.梨子，梨树pearl n.珍珠；珍珠母peasant n.农夫pebble n.卵石，细砾peculiar a.特有的；特别的peel vt.剥(皮)，削(皮)peep vi.(从缝隙中)偷看pen n.钢笔，自来水笔pencil n.铅笔penetrate vt.穿过vi.穿渗入渗出peninsula n.半岛penny n.(英)便士；(美)分pension n.抚恤金，年金people n.人民，民族；人pepper n.胡椒，胡椒粉per prep.每perceive vt.察觉，发觉；理解percent n.百分之…percentage n.百分比，百分率perfect a.完美的；完全的perfectly ad.很，完全perform vt.履行，执行；演出performance n.履行；演出；行为perfume n.香味，芳香；香料perhaps ad.也许，可能，多半period n.时期；学时；句号permanent a.永久的，持久的permanently ad.永久地，持久地permission n.允许，许可，同意permit vt.允许n.执照persist vi.坚持，固执；持续person n.人；人身；本人personal a.个人的；本人的personnel n.全体人员，全体职员perspective n.透视；遥景；观点persuade vt.说服vi.被说服pessimistic a.悲看的；厌世的pet n.爱畜；宠儿a.宠爱的petrol n.(英)汽油petroleum n.石油phase n.阶段；方面；相位phenomenon n.现象philosopher n.哲学家philosophy n.哲学；哲理；人生看phone n.电话，电话机；耳机photograph n.照片，相片photographic a.摄影的，摄影用的phrase n.短语；习惯用语physical a.物质的；物理的physician n.医生，内科医生physicist n.物理学家physics n.物理学piano n.钢琴pick n.镐，鹤嘴锄pick vt.拾，摘vi.采摘picnic n.郊游，野餐vi.野餐picture n.画，图片vt.画pie n.(西点)馅饼piece n.碎片，块vt.拼合pierce vt.剌穿vi.穿渗入渗出pig n.猪，小猪，野猪pigeon n.鸽子pile n.堆vt.堆叠，累积pill n.药丸，丸剂pillar n.柱，柱子；栋梁pillow n.枕头pilot n.领航员；飞行员pin n.针，饰针n.别住pinch vt.捏，拧，掐掉pine n.松树，松木pink n.粉红色a.粉红色的pint n.品脱pioneer n.拓荒者；先驱者pipe n.管子，导管；烟斗pipeline n.管道，管线pistol n.手枪pit n.坑，地坑；煤矿pitch n.沥青pitch vt.投，掷vi.投掷pity n.怜悯；遗憾vt.同情place n.地方，地点；住所plain n.平原 a.清楚的plan n.&vt.计划，打算plane n.平面；飞机planet n.行星plant n.植物；工厂vt.栽种plantation n.种植园；栽植plaster n.灰泥；硬膏；熟石膏plastic a.可塑的n.塑料plate n.板，片，盘vt.电镀platform n.平台；站台；讲台play vi.玩，游戏；演奏player n.游戏的人；比赛者playground n.操场，运动场pleasant a.令人愉快的，舒适的please vt.使高兴，请vi.满足pleasure n.舒畅，快乐；乐事plentiful a.丰富的，富裕的plenty n.丰富，充足，大量plot n.小块土地vt.密谋plough n.犁vt.&vi.犁，耕pluck vt.采，摘；拉下n.拉plug n.塞子；插头vt.塞plunge vt.使投入；使陷渗透plural a.复数的n.复数plus prep.加，加上 a.正的P.M. n.下午，午后pocket n.衣袋n.袖珍的poem n.诗，韵文，诗体文poet n.诗人poetry n.诗，诗歌，诗作point n.点；要点；细目；分poison n.毒，毒药vt.毒害poisonous a.有毒的，有害的pole n.杆，柱pole n.极(点)，磁极，电极police n.警察；警察当局policeman n.警察policy n.政策，方针polish vt.磨光；使优美polite a.有礼貌的；有教养的political a.政治的，政治上的politician n.政治家；政客politics n.政治，政治学；政纲pollute vt.弄脏，污染，沾污pollution n.污染pond n.池塘pool n.水塘，游泳池，水池pool n.共用物vt.共有poor a.贫穷的；贫乏的pop n.流行音乐，流行歌曲pop n.砰的一声，爆破声popular a.民众的；流行的population n.人口；全体居民porch n.门廊，渗入渗出口处pork n.猪肉porridge n.粥，麦片粥port n.港，港口portable a.轻巧的；手提的porter n.搬运工人portion n.一部分；一分portrait n.消像，画像Portuguese n.葡萄牙人；葡萄牙语position n.位置；职位；姿势positive a.确定的；积极的possess vt.占用，拥有(财产) possession n.有，所有；占有物possibility n.可能；可能的事possible a.可能的；可能存在的possibly ad.可能地；也许post n.柱，桩，杆vt.贴出post n.邮政，邮寄；邮件post n.岗位，哨所；职位postage n.邮费，邮资postman n.邮递员postpone vt.延迟，推迟，延缓pot n.锅，壶，罐，盆potato n.马铃薯，土豆potential a.潜在的n.潜力pound n.磅；英磅pound vt.捣碎；舂烂；猛击pour vt.灌，倒vi.倾泻poverty n.贫穷，贫困powder n.粉末；药粉；火药power n.能力；力；权；幂powerful a.强有力的；有权威的practical a.实践的；实用的practically ad.实际上；几乎practice n.实践；练习；业务practise vt.练习，实习，训练praise n.赞扬，赞美vi.赞扬pray vt.&vi.请求；祈祷prayer n.祈祷，祈求precaution n.预防；警惕preceding a.在前的；在先的precious a.珍贵的，宝贵的precise a.精确的，准确的precision n.精确，精密，精密度predict v.预言，预报，预测preface n.序言，前言，引语prefer vt.宁可，宁愿preferable a.更可取的，更好的preference n.偏爱，优先；优先权prejudice n.偏见，成见preliminary a.预备的，初步的premier n.总理，首相preparation n.准备，预备；制备prepare vt.&vi.准备，预备preposition n.前置词，介词prescribe vt.命令；处(方) presence n.出席，到场；在present a.现在的n.目前present vt.赠送; 介绍; 提出present n.礼物，赠送物presently ad.一会儿；目前preserve vt.保护；保存；腌渍president n.总统；校长；会长press vt.压，按，揿；催促pressure n.压力；压力；压，按pretend vt.假托，借口vi.假装pretty a.漂亮的，标致的prevail vi.胜，优胜；流行prevent vt.预防，防止；阻止previous a.先的；前的ad.在前previously ad.先前，预先price n.价格，价钱；代价pride n.骄傲；自豪vt.自夸priest n.教士，牧师，神父primarily ad.首先；主要地primary a.最初的；基本的prime a.首要的n.春，青春primitive a.原始的；粗糙的prince n.王子，亲王princess n.公主，王妃principal a.主要的n.负责人principle n.原则，原理；主义print vt.印刷n.印刷；正片prior a.在先的；优先的prison n.监狱，监禁prisoner n.囚犯private a.私人的；私下的privilege n.特权，优惠prize n.奖赏，奖金vt.珍视probability n.可能性；概率probable a.或有的；大概的probably ad.或许，大概problem n.问题；习题，问题procedure n.程序；手续；过程proceed vi.入行；继续入行process n.过程；工序vt.加工procession n.队伍，行列proclaim vt.宣告，宣布；表明produce vt.生产；产生；展现product n.产品，产物；(乘)积production n.生产；产品；总产量productive a.生产的；丰饶的profession n.职业professional a.职业的n.专业人员professor n.教授profit n.益处；利润vi.得益program n.节目单；大纲；程序progress n.前入，进展；入步progressive a.入步的；向前入的prohibit vt.禁止，阻止project n.方案，工程vi.伸出prominent a.实起的；突出的promise n.诺言；指望vt.允诺promising a.有希望的；有前途的promote vt.促入，发扬；提升prompt a.及时的vt.敦促pronoun n.代名词pronounce vt.发…的音；宣布pronunciation n.发音，发音法proof n.证据；证实；校样proper a.适合的；合乎体统的properly ad.适当地；彻底地property n.财产，资产；性质proportion n.比，比率，部分proportional a.比例的；相称的proposal n.提议，建议；求婚propose vt.提议vi.求婚prospect n.展望；前景，前程prosperity n.繁荣；昌盛，兴旺prosperous a.繁荣的，昌盛的protect vt.保护，保卫，警戒protection n.保护，警戒protective a.保护的，防护的protein n.蛋白质，朊protest vt.&vi.&n.抗议proud a.骄傲的；自豪的prove vt.证实vi.结果是provide vt.提供；装备，供给provided conj.以…为条件province n.省；领域，部门provision n.供应；预备；存粮psychological a.心理的，心理学的public a.公众的n.公众publication n.公布；出版；出版物publish vt.公布；发表；出版pudding n.布丁puff n.(一)喷，(一)吹pull vt.拉，拖；拉，拉力pulse n.脉搏；脉冲，脉动pump n.泵vt.用抽机抽punch vt.冲出n.冲压机punch vt.用拳猛击n.拳打punctual a.严守时刻的；准时的punish vt.罚，惩罚，处罚punishment n.罚，惩罚，处罚pupil n.学生，小学生pupil n.瞳孔puppet n.木偶，玩偶；傀儡purchase n.买，购买vt.买pure a.纯粹的；纯洁的purely ad.纯粹地，完全地purify vt.使纯净，使洁净purity n.纯净；纯洁；纯度purple n.紫色 a.紫的purpose n.目的；意图；效果purse n.钱包，小钱袋，手袋pursue vt.追赶，追踪；入行pursuit n.追赶；追求；事务push vt.推，逼迫vi.推put vt.放，摆；使处于puzzle n.难题；谜vi.使迷惑Q qualify vt.使具有资格quality n.质量；品质，特性quantity n.量，数量，分量quarrel n.争吵，吵架，口角quart n.夸脱(=2品脱)quarter n.四分之一；一刻钟quarterly a.季度的ad.季度地queen n.王后；女王queer a.奇怪的，古怪的question n.发问；问题；疑问queue n.行列vi.排队等候quick a.快的；敏捷的quicken vt.加快vi.加快quickly ad.快，迅速quiet a.寂静的；安静的quilt n.被(子)quit vt.离开，退出；停止quite ad.完全；相当；的确quiz n.小型考试，测验quotation n.引用；引文；报价单quote vt.引用，引证；报价R rabbit n.兔子，野兔race n.比赛，竞赛，竞争race n.人种，种族，民族racial a.种族的，人种的rack n.搁物架；行李架rack vt.使苦痛，折磨racket n.球拍radar n.雷达，无线电探测器radiate vi.发射光线；辐射radiation n.放射，发射；辐射能radio n.无线电；收音机radioactive a.放射性的radioactivity n.放射性，放射(现象) radish n.小萝卜radium n.镭radius n.半径rag n.破布，碎布，抹布rage n.(一阵)狂怒，盛怒raid n.袭击；突然搜查rail n.横条，横杆；铁轨railroad n.铁路vi.由铁路运输railway n.铁路，铁道rain n.雨，雨水vi.下雨rainbow n.虹，彩虹rainy a.下雨的，多雨的raise vt.举起；引起；提高rake n.耙子vi.耙；搜索range n.排，行；山脉；范围rank n.排，横行；社会阶层rapid a.快的n.急流rapidly ad.迅速地rare a.稀薄的；稀有的rarely ad.很少，难得rat n.老鼠，耗子rate n.比率；速度；价格rather ad.宁可，宁愿；相当ratio n.比，比率rational a.理性的；出于理性的raw a.未煮过的；未加工的ray n.光线，射线，辐射线razor n.剃刀reach vt.抵达；伸出vi.达到react vi.起反应；有影响reaction n.反应；反作用read vt.读，观懂vi.读reader n.读者；读物，读本readily ad.乐意地；无困难地reading n.读，阅读；读书ready a.准备好的；愿意的real a.真的；现实的reality n.现实；真实realize vt.实现；熟悉到really ad.真正地；实在realm n.王国，国土；领域reap vt.&vi.收割，收获rear n.后部，后面；背面rear vt.抚养，培养；栽种reason n.理由；理性vi.推理reasonable a.合情合理的；公道的rebel vi.造反n.造反者rebellion n.造反；叛乱；反抗recall vt.往返想；叫来回；收来回receipt n.收到；收条，收据receive vt.收到；得到；接待receiver n.收受者，收件人recent a.新近的，最近的recently ad.最近，新近reception a.接待；招待会；接受recite vt.&vi.背诵，朗诵recognition n.认出，识别；承认recognize vt.认识，认出；承认recollect vt.往返忆，追忆，想起recommend vt.推荐，介绍；劝告recommendation n.推荐，介绍；劝告record n.记录；履历vt.记录recorder n.记录者；录音机recover vt.重新获得；挽来回recovery n.重获；痊愈，恢复red a.红色的n.红色reduce vt.减少，减小；简化reduction n.减少，减小，缩减reed n.芦苇，芦杆，芦丛reel n.卷轴，卷筒refer vt.使求助于vi.谈到reference n.参考；出处；提及refine vt.&vi.精炼，提纯reflect vt.反射；反映；思考reflection n.反射；映象；反映reflexion n.反射；映象；反映reform vt.&n.改革，改良refresh vt.使清新vi.恢复精神refreshment n.茶点，点心，便餐refrigerator n.冰箱，冷藏库refuge n.避难，庇护；庇护者refusal n.拒绝refuse vt.拒绝vt.拒绝refute vt.驳斥，反驳，驳倒regard vt.把…观作；尊敬regarding prep.关于regardless ad.不顾一切地region n.地区，地带；领域register n.&vt.登记，注册regret vt.懊悔；抱歉n.懊悔regular a.规则的；整洁的regularly ad.有规律地regulate vt.管理，控制；调整regulation n.规则，规章；管理rehearsal n.排练，排演；练习reign n.君主统治；支配rein n.缰绳vi.驾驭，控制reinforce vt.增援，支援；加强reject vt.拒绝；丢掉；驳回rejoice vi.欣喜，高兴relate vt.叙述；使联系relation n.关系，联系；家属relationship n.关系，联系relative a.有关系的；相对的relatively ad.相对地，比较地relativity n.相关性；相对性relax vt.使松弛vi.松弛release vt.释放；放松；发表relevant a.有关的，贴切的reliability n.可靠性reliable a.可靠的，可信赖的reliance n.信任，信赖，信心relief n.减轻；救济；援救relieve vt.减轻，解除；救济religion n.宗教；宗教信仰religious a.宗教的；虔诚的reluctant a.不愿的，勉强的rely vi.依赖，依靠；信赖remain vi.剩下，余留；保持remains n.残余，余额；废墟remark vt.&vi.&n.评论，谈论remarkable a.异常的，非凡的remedy n.&vt.治疗；补救remember vt.记得，想起；记住remind vt.提醒，使想起remote a.相隔很远的；心灰意冷淡的removal n.移动；迁移；除掉remove vt.移动，搬开；脱掉render vt.表示，给予；使得renew vt.使更新vi.更新rent n.租金，租vi.出租repair vt.&n.修理，修补repeat vt.重说，重做n.重复repeatedly ad.重复地；一再repent vi.悔悟，悔改vt.后悔repetition n.重复，反复replace vt.把…放往返；取代reply vi.&n.来回答，答复report vt.&vi.报告；汇报reporter n.记者，通讯员represent vt.描绘；代表；象征representative a.代表性的n.代表reproach vt.&n.责备，指责reproduce vt.&vi.繁殖，生殖republic n.共和国，共和政体republican a.共和国的reputation n.名誉，名声；好名声request n.&v.请求，要求require vt.需要；要求，命令requirement n.需要；要求rescue vt.&n.援救，营救research n.&vi.调查，探究researcher n.调查者；探究者resemble vt.像，类似reserve vt.储备，保留；预定reservior n.水库；蓄水池residence n.居住；驻扎；住处resident a.居住的n.居民resign vt.放弃vi.辞职resignation n.放弃，辞职，反抗resist vt.&vi.抵抗，抵制resistance n.抵抗；抵制；抵抗力resistant a.抵抗的，反抗的resolution n.坚决，坚定；决定resolve vt.解决；决心n.决心resort vi.&n.求助，凭借resource n.资源，物力；办法respect n.&vt.尊敬，尊重respectful a.恭敬的，尊重的respective 各自的，各个的respectively ad.各自地，分别地respond vi.作答；响应response n.作答，回答；响应responsibility n.责任，责任心；职责responsible a.有责任的；尽责的rest n.休息；安静；静止rest n.剩余部分；其余的人restaurant n.餐馆，饭店，菜馆restless a.不安定的，焦虑的restore vt.恢复；回还；修补restrain vt.抑制，遏制；限制restraint n.抑制；遏制；克制restrict vt限制，限定，约束restriction n.限制，限定，约束result n.成果vi.发生，结果resume vt.恢复；重新开始retain vt.保持，保留，保有retell vt.再讲，重述，复述retire vi.退下；引退；就寝retreat vi.(被迫)退却，后退return vi.&n.往返来，返来回reveal vt.展现；揭示，揭露revenge vt.替…报仇n.报仇reverse vt.颠倒，翻转n.背面review vt.再检查n.复习revise vt.修订，校订；修改revolt vi.&n.反抗，造反revolution n.革命；旋转，绕转revolutionary a.革命的n.革命者reward n.报答；报酬vt.报答rhythm n.韵律，格律；节奏rib n.肋，肋骨ribbon n.缎带，丝带；带rice n.稻，米，饭rich a.富的，丰富的rid vt.使摆脱，使去掉riddle n.谜，谜语ride vi.&n.骑马，乘车rider n.骑马的人；乘车的人ridge n.脊；岭，山脉；垄ridiculous a.荒谬的，可笑的rifle n.步枪，来复枪right a.正确的ad.对，正好rigid a.刚硬的；僵硬的ring n.环形物(如圈、环等) ring vi.叫；按铃n.铃声ripe a.熟的；时机成熟的ripen vt.使熟vi.成熟rise vi.起立；升起；上涨risk n.风险，危险，冒险rival n.竞争者a.竞争的river n.江，河，水道road n.路，道路，公路roar vi.吼鸣；呼喊n.吼roast vt.&vi.烤，炙，烘rob vt.&vi.抢劫；劫掠robber n.强盗，盗贼robbery n.抢劫，劫掠，盗取robe n.长袍，长衣，浴衣robot n.机器人；自动机rock vt.摇，使动摇vi.摇rock n.岩，岩石；石头rocket n.火箭，火箭发动机rod n.杆，竿，棒role n.角色，作用，任务roll vi.&vt.滚动；转动roller n.滚柱，滚筒，滚轴Roman n.古罗马人a.罗马的romantic a.浪漫的；传奇的roof n.屋顶，车顶；顶room n.房间；地位；余地root n.根，根子vi.生根rope n.绳，索rose n.蔷薇花，蔷薇科植物rot vt.烂，腐坏n.腐烂rotary a.旋转的，转动的rotate vi.旋转vt.使旋转rotation n.旋转，转动；循环rotten a.腐烂的，发臭的rough a.表面不平的；粗略的roughly ad.粗糙地，粗略地round a.圆的n.兜圈；一轮rouse vt.唤醒，唤起；惊起route n.路，路线，路程routine n.例行公事 a.日常的row n.(一)排，(一)行row vt.划(舟等) vi.划舟royal a.王的；皇家的rub vt.摩擦，擦vi.摩擦rubber n.橡皮(擦子)；橡胶rubbish n.垃圾，废物；废话rude a.加工粗糙的；粗野的rug n.小地毯；毛毯ruin n.毁灭；废墟vt.毁坏rule n.统治；规定；习惯ruler n.统治者；尺，直尺rumour n.谣言，谣传，传闻run vi.跑，奔；行驶；流runner n.赛跑的人rural a.农村的，田园的rush vi.冲，奔vt.催促Russian a.俄罗斯的n.俄国人rust n.锈vi.生锈，氧化rusty a.生锈的；变迟钝的。