必修一Unit 1 Friendship I. Vocabulary:
add up 合计
upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；
不适的；vt. 使不安；使心烦
Ignore=take no notice of vt. 不理睬；忽视
calm vt. & vi. (使)静；（使）镇定adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的calm … down （使）平静下来；
（使）镇定下来have got to 不得不；必须
concern vt. 担忧；涉及；关系到
n. 担心；关注
be concerned about 关心；挂念walk the dog 遛狗
loose adj. 松的；松开的
go through 经历；经受
set down 记下；放下；登记
series n. 连续；系列
a series of一连串的；一系列；一套outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外in order to 为了……
at dusk 在黄昏时刻
thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣n.雷；雷
声
entire adj. 整个的；完全的；
entirely adv.
swap vt. 交换
item n. 项目；条款
power n. 能力；力量；权力
face to face 面对面地
curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布
dusty adj. 积满灰尘的
no longer / not … ang longer
不再… (与延续性动词连用)
partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞
highway n. 公路；大路
pack vi. & vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李
pack sth. up 将东西装箱打包
suitcase n. 手提箱
overcoat n. 大衣；外套
teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
get along with 与……相处；进展
goosip vi. & n. 闲话；闲谈; 长舌妇
fall in love 相爱；爱上
exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地
disagree vi. 不同意
grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的
dislike vt. 不喜欢；厌恶
join in 参加；加入
spellbind vt. (spellbound,
spellbound) 迷住；迷惑
on purpose故意
be/get rid of 对……厌烦
recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢复；
重新获得
II. Reading ANNE’S BEST FRIEND安妮最好的朋友
Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 译文：你需要一位可以倾诉衷肠的朋友吗？比如倾诉你的感情和思想。【注释: whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts是定语从句，修饰限定先行词a friend，而whom是关系代词作to的宾语，用来指代前面的先行词friend; 从句中运用了tell sth. to sb.意思为：告诉某人某事；like your deepest feelings and thoughts并列列举出了everything的部分内容，也可用such as替换like,表示“比如”。】
Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? 译文：你是害怕你的朋友嘲笑你呢，还是担心你的朋友不理解你所经历的呢？【注释：第一个or紧紧承接上文，与上文构成选择关系；第二个or用来连接两个并列谓语“would laugh at you和would not understand what you are going through”，表示选择关系,其中的“what you are going through”为understand的宾语从句；laugh at嘲笑；go through经历，检查，练习，遭受，完成。】Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend.译文：安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种情况，所以她交了最好的朋友。【注释：make friends with sb.与……交朋友】
Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II.译文：安妮在二战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。Her family was Jewish so they had to hid or they would be caught by the German Nazis.译文：她的家人是犹太人所以他们必须躲藏起来，否则就会被德国纳粹抓起来。【注释：so引导的前后为因果关系；or表示“否则，要不然”；be caught by…表示“被…抓起来”；“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态。】She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 译文：她和她的家人躲藏几乎25月之后才被发现。【注释：①hide away意为“躲藏起来”。②nearly意为“几乎，将近”，后跟确定的数字，而almost则表示模糊不定的概念，如：In the hall
it was almost dark.大厅里几乎一片漆黑。③before表示“在…以前”，用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。例如：She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释她就生气了。He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。例如：The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防人员才得以控制住。(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。例如：It was not long before he told me about it.不久他就告诉了我这件事情。(4)在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。例如：I must write it down before I forget it.趁着还没忘，我把它记下来。】During that time the only true friend was her diary. 译文：在此期间，她唯一真正的朋友就是她的日记。She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty”.译文：她说：“我不想像大多数人所做的那样，只是记流水账，而是我想要我的日记成为我最好的朋友，并且我把我的朋友叫作基蒂”。【注释：①set down记下；（使）放下，（使）坐下，制定，降落。例如：1）He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.他被要求根据记忆把事实写下来。2）He set me down in a comfortable chair.他让我坐在一张舒适的椅子里。3）It is necessary to set down these additional rules.有必要制定这些补充规则。②a series of一系列的。例如：The post office will issue a series of new stamps.邮局将要发行一套新邮票。③as引导方式状语从句，表示“像…一样”。例如：1）He smiled and I smiled back, as you do. 他微微一笑，我也报以微笑，就这样而已。2）She is as tall as her mother.她和她母亲一样高。④to be my friend作this diary itself的补足语。】Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.译文：现在读读她从1942年7月以后躲藏起来的感受。
Thursday 15th June, 1944
Dear Kitty,
I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.译文：我想知道是不是因为我好久没有能够到外面的缘故，以至于我对一切与自然有关的东西变得如此疯狂地喜欢。【注释：①outdoors adv.在户外，作状语；而outdoor是adj.户外的，露天的，作定语。例如：1）Children like to play outdoors.孩子们喜欢在户外玩耍。2）He likes watching most outdoor games. 他喜欢观看大部分的室外运动项目。
②be/grow crazy about对…疯狂地喜欢，对…着迷。例如：He is crazy about that girl.他迷上了那位女孩。
③to do with…:与…有关；处置，对待。例如：1）I am not involved in it; it has nothing to do with me.我与这事没有牵连; 它与我无关。2）What shall we do with the drunken sailor?我们怎么处置这个喝醉的水手?,强调句it is /was+被强调的部分+that/who 从句，】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.译文：我非常清楚地记得有一段时期湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的鸣唱、月光和鲜花从没能使我着迷。【注释：①well“很, 相当”，相当于very,表示强调. 例如：1）The visit had been planned well in advance.那次访问很早就计划好了。2)You may well be right.很可能是你对. ②there was a time when…:有那么一个时期…。例如：There was a time when I wanted to play truant.有那么一个时期我想逃学。
③spellbound adj. 入迷的；出神的。例如：The children were spellbound by the circus performance.孩子们被马戏表演迷住了。】That’s changed sin ce I was here.译文：自从来到这，这一切都改变了。… For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. 译文：比如，一天晚上，非常暖和，为了独自能亲眼好好看一眼月亮，我就故意到晚上11点半还醒着。【注释：①on purpose故意地，有目的地。如：I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made on purpose just to annoy me.我有时认为他犯的那些被信以为真的一切错误是故意为了气我。②in order to…:为了…, 动词不定式作
目的状语，该状语可以位于句首，也可以位于句子后面，但so as to…引导的目的状语只能放在句子的后
面，即so as to…不能位于句首。如：The test questions are kept secret so as to（in order to）prevent cheating. = In order to prevent cheating, the test questions are kept secret.考试题保密以防作弊。③by
myself独自。如：I live by myself.我一个人生活。】But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window.译文：可是，随着月光越来越亮，我竟不敢打开窗户。【注释：①as 连词，表示“随着”。如：As she grew older, she kept more to herself.随着年龄的增长，她变得更沉默了。②dare 用作情态动词时后面直接加动词，即dare do;用作行为动词时后面要加to,即dare to do;不管是用作情态动词还是行为动词dare都有词形变化，即过去式为dared do, dared to do,过去式的否定式为：di dn’t dare do 或didn’t dare to do;或dared not do和dared not to do】Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 译文：5个月之前，又有一次，黄昏时分我碰巧在楼上，突然，窗户开了。【注释：①happen to…碰巧，如：I happened to be out when Tom came to visit me yesterday. ②at dusk黄昏，如：The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn.路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关。③sb. happened to do sth. when ….某人碰巧在做某事的时候，突然…。】I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.译文：直到窗户不得不关上，我才下楼。【注释：not… until…:直到…才…, 如：you don't know what you can achieve until you try.尝试后才能知道自己能成就什么。】The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power;译文：那黑暗，那雨夜，那夜风，那闪亮轰鸣的云朵，它们完全把我笼罩着。it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…译文：那是我一年半以来第一次面对面目睹那夜色。【注释：it is the first time that sb. has done sth.某人第一次做某事。如：It is the first time that I has come to Wenzhou.这是我第一次到温州来。注意：It was the first time that sb. had done sth..It is the first time that sb have donge sth 注意与另一个句型的区别：It is time that sb did/should do sth.=It is time for sb to do sth】
…Sadly … I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.译文：遗憾的是…,我只能通过悬挂在布满灰尘窗户上的肮脏的窗帘来观看大自然。【注释：hanging before very dusty windows是现在分词作定语修饰前面的名词curtains,该分词与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系是主谓关系。如：(09赣-34) The government plans to bring in new laws ____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced
B. forcing
C. to be forced
D. having forced
(09浙-7) There is a great deal of evidence _____ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate
B. indicating
C. to indicate
D. to be indicating】
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.译文：再看这外面的大自然已经没有意义了，因为大自然只有经过亲身体验才有意义。
【注释：①looking through these any longer是动名词短语作主语，句首的It是形式主语;②look through 意思为：⑴仔细检查〔审查〕(某物)，例如：I'll look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.我要先审查一下你的建议然后再送交委员会。
⑵对(某人)视而不见，例如：I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.我对她道了声早安, 可她却视而不见径直走了过去。
⑶穿过…看，例如：I looked through a telescope.我用望远镜看东西。
⑷看穿〔识破〕(某人或某事)= see through，例如：I have looked through the man; he hasn't any real learning.我已看透那个人了, 他没有一点真才实学
It is /was +n +doing sth
常用no use,no plessure, a waste of time ,a waste of money
6．Your friend comes to school very upset.【精提取】upset为形容词作伴随状语。【巧应用】小偷躲在角落里，担心被人捉住。
The thief hid himself in the corner，________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：afraid of being caught
【考题】They ________the meeting by shouting and throwing stones at the windows.
A．attended B．held C．upset D．mixed
解析：选C。句意：他们大喊大叫并不断向窗子扔石头打乱了会议。upset 打乱；attend参加；hold举办，容纳；mix混合。
7. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.
【精提取】before conj.，意为“在……之前”，常翻译为“不等……就”，引导时间状语从句。【巧应用】我还没来得及与他说再见他就走了。
He left ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：before I could say goodbye to him
8. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
【精提取】there was a time when a deep blue sky，...此处when引导的定语从句修饰time。
【巧应用】曾经有一段时间，不允许妇女上学。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ women were not allowed to go to school.
答案：There was a time when
必修一Unit 2 English around the World I．Vocabulary
subway n. 地下人行道；（美）地铁
elevator n. 电梯；升降机
petrol n. 汽油（=美gasoline）
oficial adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的
voyage n. 航行；航海
conquer vt. 征服；占领
because of 因为；由于
native adj. 本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人come up 走近；上来；提出
apartment n. 公寓住宅；单元住在
actually adv. 实际上；事实上
base vt. 以……为根据n. 基部；基地；基础be based on 以……为根据
at present 现在；目前
gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
enrich vt. 使富裕；充实；改善
vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表
make use of 利用；使用
take advantage of 利用；使用
spelling n. 拼写；拼法
latter adj. 较后的；后半的；（两着中）后者的identity n. 本身；本体；身份fluent adj. 流利的；流畅的
fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地
such as 例如……; 像这种的
frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的frequently adv. usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法
command n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握
have a good command of … 精通；掌握request n. & vt. 请求；要求
at sb’s request 应某人邀请
dialect n. 方言
expression n. 词语；表示；表达
midwestern adj. 中西部的；有中西部特征的
play a part (in) 扮演了一个角色；参与
eastern adj. 东方的；东部的
southeastern adj. 东南方的；来自东南的northwestern adj. 西北方的；来自西北的recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
lorry n. (美= truck)卡车
accent n. 口音；强调；重音
lightning n. 闪电
straight adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直接的
block n. 街区；块；木块；石块
cab n. 出租车
II. Reading The Road to Modern English
At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.译文：在16世纪末，大约有500万至700万人说英语。【注释：at the end of …：在…末尾；at the end of the day
最终，到头来；be at (have come to) the end结束，完成；be at the end of到了…的尽头；几至耗尽；all
ends up完全地，彻底地；in the end最后，终于；by the end o f…:到…为止。】Nearly all of them lived in England.译文：他们几乎都住在英格兰。Later, in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.译文：后来，在随后的一个世纪里，来自英格兰的人航行征服其它地方，因此，在许多其它国家开始说英语。【注释：because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或
动名词，在句中作状语；owing to意为“把成绩或功劳归功于…”,在句中作状语和表语, 如：He has made great progress in English owing to your tutorship.. 而due to则是指“把失败或挫折归咎于…”，在句中作状语和表语,如：Due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees.由于天气很冷, 所以我们无法去植树。thanks to意为“幸亏”，只作状语，如：This is a great success,—— thanks to your help.】Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.译文：如今，人们比以前更多地把英语当成第一、第二或一门外语。【注释：as介词，意为：当作，作为。】Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. 译文：即使当地说英语的人说的不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此懂得。【注释：①native speaker
说本族语的人,。native（常与to连用，指动植物）特产的，原产于；（也可以指品质）与生俱来的，天赋的，天生的。如：1）Banana is native to Taiwan.香蕉是台湾的土特产。2) He has a great deal of native intelligence, ability, charm, etc. 他天生聪明、能力强、有魅力等。②even if = even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。如：I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times.即使要失败十次, 我也绝不灰心。{试题：⑴ Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____they knew it to be valuable.
A. as if
B. now that
C. even though
D. so that
⑵ Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _____ they are different from your own.
A. until
B. now that
C. even though
D. as though}】
Look at this example: 译文：看这个例子：
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?译文：英国的Betty:你愿意来看我的公寓吗？【注释：Would you like to …:愿意，意欲】
American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment.译文：美国的Amy: 好的，我很想来看你的公寓。【注释：①come up:走近，上来，发芽，发生，（意见、观点）被提出，（太阳、月亮）生起。如：1）He came up and introduced himself. 他走上前来作自我介绍。2）I’ll let you know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。注意：come up with表示：想出，提出。如：I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.我想提出一条建议，很快这条建议在会上被提出来了。{试题：They thought about it for a long time, but still couldn’t ____ a solution. A. come up B. come up with C. get along with D. come out} ②flat (英)公寓；apartment (美)公寓。③I’d like to …: 我愿意…; 我很想…。如：I’d lik e to help you with your English.】
So why has English changed over time? 译文：为什么英语会随时间而改变呢？【注释：over time 随着时间的过去。】Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.译文：实际上，在文化碰撞和交流过程中，所有语言都会改变和发展。【注释：①meet with偶然碰到，碰到；遭受，受到；和…会面。如：1）She met with an old friend at a dinner party.她在一次宴会上偶然遇到一位老朋友。2）Again and again the test met with no success.这一试验一再遭到失。3）He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他和日本首相会见了一个小时。
②communicate with…:与…联系，与…交流，与…沟通。如：I communicate with him regularly by letter.我与他定期通信。】At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.译文：起初，在公元450年至公元1150年在英国所说的英语不同于现在所说的英语。【注释：①at first起初，开始。②spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句which was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150. 注意：过去分词作定语表示该分词与所修饰的词之间的关系式被动关系。③be different from…：与…不同。
{考题：1. (09全I-35) Now that we’ve discuss ed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ___?
A. take
B. taking
C. taken
D. to take
2. (09京-24) For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ____ on his own farm.
A. grown
B. being grown
C. to be grown
D. to grow
3. (09申-33) With the government’s aid, those ____ by the earthquake have moved to the new
settlements.
A. affect
B. affecting
C. affected
D. were affected
4. (09赣-22) ____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into
international stars.
A. Giving
B. Having given
C. To give
D. Given
5. (08湘-26) The trees ____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
6. (08赣-28) We finished the run in less than half the time _____ .
A. allowing
B. to allow
C. allowed
D. allows
7. (08浙-13) It is one of the funniest things _____ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding
B. being found
C. to find
D. found
8. (08闽-33) —— Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
—— No problem.
A. seat
B. sit
C. seated
D. sat
9. (07湘-34) “Things ____ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost
B. losing
C. to lose
D. have lost
10. (06京-28) There have been several new events ____ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games.
A. add
B. to add
C. adding
D. added
11. (06鲁-29) Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary people for their
contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
12. (05京-32) The prize of the game show is $ 30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China.
A. paying
B. paid
C. to be paid
D. being paid
答案1-12: CACDB CDCAD CB}】It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.译文：当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语则不是。【注释：more… than …：与其说… 不如说….。如：He is more lazy than stupid.与其说他蠢笨，不如说他懒惰。注意：⑴more than + 名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”，相当于not only; 如：Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。⑵ more than + 数词，表示“超过，多于”，相当于over; 如：There’re more than 50 students in our class. 在我们班有50多名学生。⑶ more than + 形容词/副词，表示“非常，十分”，与“very”同义；如：In class, she is more than attentive.在课堂上，她非常认真听课。⑷ more than + that sb. can/could do oneself. 表示“超出某人能力范围，或超出了…范围”。如：The job is more than I can do myself 那工作超出了我的能力范围。⑸ no more than意为“只有、仅仅”,相当于only；而not more than 表示“至多，不超过”，相当于at most; {试题：Mr. Brown is ____ a teacher to us; we look on him as our friend. A. more than B. more or less C. less than D. more and more } ②be based on …：以…为基础。注意：可以用based on的独立结构形式作状语，类似于a ccording to. On the base of…：以…为基础。{试题：____ on this report, the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent. A. Having based B. Basing C. Based D. To be based } ③at present目前，现在。For the present现在，目前。Be present at …:出席…。Present sth. to sb.把某物作为礼物送给某人。】Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. 译文：然后,在公元800年至公元1150年期间，由于那些统治英格兰的人先说丹麦语，后来又说法语，这
样英语就逐渐变得不像德语了。【注释：① become less like变得不像。②who ruled England是由who
引导的定语从句，who为关系代词，代指前面的先行词those,用于指“人”。③{辨析：rule, govern, control 都有“管理，支配，控制”之意，当govern和rule用作“统治，控制”一个国家时，可以互换。但，⑴rule是正式的、庄重的的用语，常用贬义，比govern更专权地管理或统治，含有专制或独裁的意味。⑵govern 指靠权力、专制或按宪法来系统地管理、统治国家、城市、机构等，含有需要知识和判断力来治理和管理的意味。⑶control指人对事物的一般控制与约束，含有强制使其服从的意味。{试题：1）Alexamder the Great _______ (over) a large empire. 2) She couldn’t __________ herself that moment. 答案：1) ruled; 2)
control} }】These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.译文：这些新定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是在词汇方面。【注释：①enrich是en + rich构成的派生词，意为“使丰富”，其结构式为“en + 形容词”。②especially表示递进关系，意为“尤其是”，而specially则表示目的，意为“专门地，特殊地”。试题：1）he despised them all, _______ Sylvester.他瞧不起他们所有的人，尤其是西尔维斯特。2) I came here ___________ to see you.我特地到这里来就是为了看你。答案：1）especially；2）specially。】So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 译文：所以，到了十七世纪莎士比亚比以前能使用更为宽泛词汇。【注释：make use of…利用，使用；make full use of…充分利用；make good use of…好好利用；make little use of …不充分利用；take full advantage of…充分利用。例如：1) We should consider what use can be made of such a material. 2) In my opinion, the old shopping bag can still be made use of. 试题：1) The money collected should be made good use ____ the people who suffered a lot in this terrible earthquake. A. of helping B. to help C. to helping D. of to help2) The manager of the company told us that very little ____ was made of the waste material in the past. A. cost B. value C. use D. matter】In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.译文：在1620年，一些英国移民移到美国。Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.译文：后来，在18世纪一些英国人也被带到澳大利亚。【注释：sb. is taken to sp.某人被带到某处。】English began to be spoken in both countries.译文：在这两个国家开始说英语。
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.译文：最终，到19世纪这种语言稳定下来。【注释：settled adj.不变的,不大可能改变的,稳定的. 例如：Once we get settled, we must ask the neighbours in for coffee.我们一安顿下来,就一定请邻居来家里喝咖啡。】At that tim e two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.译文：当时，英语拼写出现两大变化：首先Samuel Johnson写了一部词典，后来Noah Webster写了美国英语词典。【注释：at that time当时，在那时】The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.译文：后者对美国英语拼写给予单独特性。【注释：the latter后者；与其意思对应的是the former“前者”；latter adj. 后者的，后半的，接近终了的；late adj. 迟的，晚到的；later adv较晚地; lately adv.近来，最近，不久前。例如：1）Have you seen him lately?你最近见到过他吗? 2）We later learnt that this wasn't true at all.我们后来了解到根本不是这么回事。】
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.译文：现在在南亚，英语也作为一门外语或第二语言。For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.译文：例如，由于英国从1765年至1947年统治印度，所以印度拥有大量的能流利说英语的人。【注释：①a large number of …许多，大量的。注意以下短语后跟的名词不同：
(1) a large/ great/ good number of (2) a great/ good deal of
a great/ good many + 可数名词 a great/ large amount of + 不可数名词
a good few n.[c] quite a little n.[u]
quite a few the number of + n.[c]
(3) a lot/ lots of
(4) an amount of + n.[u] a great/ large quantity of + 可数名词复数 a quantity of + n. [c,u]
large quantities of 或不可数名词 amounts of + n.[u]
plenty of n.[u,c] quantities of + n.[u,c] 试题：As you can see, the number of cars on our roads ____ rising these days. A. was keeping
B. keep
C. keeps
D. were keeping 】 During that time English became the language for government and education. 译文：在此期间，英语成为用于政府和教育的语言。English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 译文：在新加坡、马来西亚以及非洲一些国家如南非也说英语。【注释：such as 用来列举出前文所讲的同类人或事物的部分内容，意为“例如，比如”。如：We dislike people such as him.我们不喜欢像他这号人。】Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.译文：如今，中国学英语的人数在快速增长。【注释：the number of …作主语时，其后的谓语动词使用三单式形式】 In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. 译文：事实上，中国可能拥有学英语的人数最多。【注释：in fact 事实上。】 Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.译文：中国英语会形成自己的特色吗？只有时间才能告诉我们。
7．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
【精提取】 even if 或even though 意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
【巧应用】 即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ all the way ，I’ll get there.
答案：Even if I have to walk
8. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
【精提取】 more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
【巧应用】 造成她不愉快的原因，与其说是他所说的话，倒不如说是他的说话方式。
It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________what he said that made
后跟单数式谓语动词 后跟非单数式谓语动词
her unhappy.
答案：more the way he said it than
9. However，on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
【精提取】the way＋定语从句，定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时，可用that，in which，也可以省略。
【巧应用】我不喜欢你嘲笑她的那种方式。
I don’t like ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ .
答案：the way in which you laughed at her
必修一Unit 3 Travel Journal
I．Vocabulary
journal n. 日记，杂志，定期刊物
transport n. 运送；运输vt. 运输；prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物
（而不选其他事物）disadvantage n. 不利条件；不便之处fare n. 费用
route n. 路线；路途
flow vi. 流动；流出n. 流动；流量ever since 从那以后
persuade vt. 说服；劝说
cycle vi. 骑自行车
graduate vi. 毕业n. 大学毕业生finally adv. 最后；终于schedule n. 时间表；进度表
vt.为…安排时间
fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的be fond of 喜爱；喜欢shortcoming n. 缺点
stubborn adj. 顽固的；固执的care about 关心；忧虑；惦念care for 照顾；照料detail n. 细节；详情
source n. 来源；水源
determine vt. 决定；下定决心
be determined to do sth.
下决心做某事
change one’s mind 改变主意
journey n. 旅行；旅程
altitude n. 海拔高度；高处
make up one’s mind下决心；决
定
give in 投降；让步；屈服
atlas n. 地图；地图集
glacier n. 冰河；冰川
rapids n. 急流
valley n. (山)谷；流域
waterfall n. 瀑布
pace n. 一步；速度；步调
vi.缓慢而行；踱步
bend n.弯；拐角
vt.使弯曲vi.弯身；弯腰
meander n. （指河流）蜿
蜒缓慢流动
delta n. 三角洲
attitude n. 态度；看法
Qomalangma n. 珠穆朗玛峰
boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开
forecast n. & vt. 预测；预报
parcel n. 小包；包裹
insurance n. 保险
wool n. 羊毛；毛织品
as usual 照常
reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的
view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解
vt. 观看；注视；考虑
yak n. 牦牛
pillow n. 枕头；枕垫
midnight n. 午夜；子夜
at midnight 在午夜
flame n. 火焰；光芒；热情
beneath prep. 在……下面
temple n. 庙宇；寺庙
cave n. 洞穴；地窖
organize vt. 组织；成立
II. Reading JOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONG PART I THE DREAM AND THE PLAN梦想和计划
Frederick William Ⅰ，the King of Prussia , could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history . This gift was the Amber Room , which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it . The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey . The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days . It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels , which took the country's best artists about ten years to make . In fact , the room was not made to be a gift . It was designed for the palace of Frederick Ⅰ. However, the next King of Prussia , Frederick William Ⅰ,to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. In 1716 he gave it to Peter the Great. In return , the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. So the Amber Room because part of the Czar's winter palace in St Petersburg.About four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important visitors . Later,Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. She told her artists to add more details to it .In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted . Almost six hundred candles lit the room ,and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. Sadly , although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world , it is now missing . In September 1941, the Nazi army was near St Petersburg . This was a time when the two countries were at war . Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace , the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room . However , some of the Nazis secretly stole the room itself . In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven woooden boxs . There is no doubt that the boxs were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea . After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery . Recently , the Russians and Germans have built a new Amber Room at the summer palace . By studying old photos of the former Amber Room , they have made the new one look like the old one .In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city . A FACT OR AN OPINION? What is a fact? Is it something that people believe? No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact. Then what is an opinion? An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewit nesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. He/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. This kind of information is called evidence. Unit 2 AN INTERVIEW Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her d iary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was
必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..." She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK? I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them
必修 4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..." She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own
Unit 1 Living well -Reading Hi, my n ame is Marry Field ing and I guess you could say that I am "one in a million". In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In additi on, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop thi ngs or bump into furn iture. Unfortun ately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live One day at a time. Un til I was ten years old I was the same as every one else. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly represe nti ng my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. In the end I went into hospital for medical tests. I stayed there for n early three mon ths. I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it un der a microscope. Eve n after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds. One problem is that I don't look any different from other people. So sometimes some childre n in my primary school would laugh, whe n I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an abse nee, I felt stupid because I was beh ind the others. My life is a lot easier at high school becausemy fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real pers on in side my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year inven ted a computer football game and a big compa ny has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have bee n away for a while. In many ways my disability has helped me grow stro nger psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them en courageme nt to live as rich and full a life as you do. Tha nk you for read ing my story.
高一英语课文原文
Unit 1, Book1 Anne's best friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Annie lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, "I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my best friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty." Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Dear kitty, I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That's changed since I was here. For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face... ...Sadly... I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne Unit 2 The road to modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people speak English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second, or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. I'd like to come up to your apartment. So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English we spoke today. It
Book2Unit1Culturalrelics INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOM 寻找琥珀屋 FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttothe Russianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwa sgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.Theamberwhichwasse lectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancy stylepopularinthosedays.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookt hecountry'sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake. 普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有一段令人惊讶的历史。 这件礼物就是琥珀屋,它之所以有这个名字,是因为造这间房子用了近几吨琥珀,被选择的琥珀色彩艳丽,呈黄褐色,像蜜一样。屋子的设计当时流行的极富艺术表现力的建筑风格。琥珀屋这件珍品还镶嵌著黄金和珠宝,全国最优秀的艺术家用了是年的时间才完成它。 Infact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift.ItwasdesignedforthepalaceofFrederickI.Howeve r,theneGtKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidedn ottokeepit.In1716hegaveittoPetertheGreat.Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbests oldiers.SotheAmberRoombecamepartoftheCzar'swinterpalaceinStPetersburg.Aboutfo urmetreslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors. 事实上,琥珀屋并不是作为礼物而建造的。它是作为腓烈特一世的宫殿而建造的。然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓烈特·威廉一世,这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不再要它了。1716年,他把它送给了彼得大帝。作为回馈,沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。所以,琥珀屋就成了沙皇在圣彼得堡东宫的一部分。琥珀屋长约4米,被用作接待重要来宾的小型会客室。 Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshesp enthersummers.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.In1770theroomwascomplete dthewayshewanted.AlmostsiGhundredcandleslittheroom,anditsmirrorsandpicturessh onelikegold.Sadly,althoughtheAmberRoomwasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworl d,itisnowmissing. 后来、叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到了圣彼得堡郊外避暑的宫殿中。她让艺术家们给它增添了更多的装饰。1770年,这间琥珀屋按她要求的方式完工了。将近600支蜡烛照亮了这个房间,里面的镜子和图画就像金子一样闪闪发光。不幸的是,虽然琥珀屋被认为是世界奇迹之一,可是现在它却下落不明。InSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocount rieswereatwar.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,theRussianswereabletore movesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.However,someoftheNazi ssecretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-se venwoodenboGes.ThereisnodoubtthattheboGeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg, whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmbe rRoomremainsamystery. 1941年9月,纳粹德国的军队逼近了圣彼得堡。这是两国交战的时期。在纳粹分子能够到达夏宫之前,俄国人只来得及把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小型艺术饰品搬走。可是琥珀屋本身却被一些纳粹分子秘密地头运走了。在不到两天的时间里,琥珀屋被拆成10万块装进了27个木箱里。毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡,当时它是波罗的海的海边的一个城市。