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A GPU Accelerated Algorithm for Compressive Sensing Based Image Super-Resolution

A GPU Accelerated Algorithm for Compressive Sensing Based Image Super-Resolution
A GPU Accelerated Algorithm for Compressive Sensing Based Image Super-Resolution

A GPU Accelerated Algorithm for Compressive sensing based

Image Super-resolution*

Xifei Wu1, Hui Xiang1+, Peng Lu1

1School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China

Abstract—this paper presents a parallel algorithm designed for Super-resolution Image Reconstruction based on Compressive sensing in the ATI Stream platform. In the accelerating process, we select part of the serial program as the objects to be sped up according to the execution time of each stage, set appropriate parallel granularity to make full use of GPU's computational horsepower, and make a rational use of different kinds of memory space in GPU. At last, the result of the parallel algorithm is shown and analyzed. Compared to the serial algorithm, parallel algorithm has significantly accelerated results.

Keywords: Compressive Sensing; Image Super-resolution; parallel computing; GPU

I.INTRODUCTION*

Compressive sensing, also known as compressed sensing, is a technique motivated by recent results in sparse signal representation, which ensures that linear relationships among high-resolution signals can be precisely recovered from their low-dimensional projections. According to this theory, the pressure of sampling original signal is greatly released: sample rate is not limited by Nyquist sampling theorem, and the process of compressing original signal is omitted. However, recovering high-resolution signals from low-dimensional projections is a sufficient complex work for personal computers, and parallel computing can be used to solve this problem.

As the low-dimensional projections contain most information of high-resolution signals, thus it can be used in most of the field that original signal can do, such as Face Recognition [1], Image Classification [2], etc. In [3], the authors proposed a method of Image Super-Resolution based on the perspective of compressive sensing, and had a review of the previous proposed method, at last, made a conclusion that Image Super-Resolution based on compressive sensing had the best performance.

As the problem above is the same as recovering high-resolution signals from low-dimensional projections, the course is very complex and time-consuming for serial program, thus proposing a parallel algorithm to solve the problem is very necessary and meaningful. In this paper, we *Supported by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60633030; Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist in Shandong Province under Grant No. BS2009DX017

+Corresponding author:

Phn: +86-531-86738912, Email: hxiang@https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe16738961.html, present a parallel algorithm to solve the problem and make a comparison between them, the results show that parallel program can achieve the same result with less time than the serial program.

According to the serial program, we divided the process into several stages. The stage that consumes more time is firstly considered, then make a analyze that if it is suitable for parallel computing: is the same process executed many times in the program, and do they have data relation in each time, etc, then, a kernel function is designed for the stage, which will be executed in many threads after execution.

There are some other researches which have some success on parallel implementation of image (signal) reconstruction based on Compressive Sensing.

M.Andrecut [4] has carried through GPU implement on signal resuming from sparse signal uses MP (Matching Pursuit) algorithm based on iterative greedy. The results showed: in the single-precision computations, GPU speed is a multiple of 31 times; in double precision arithmetic, the speed is a multiple of 21 times, but the reconstructed high-resolution image based on MP algorithm does not perform so well as the image based on the algorithm used in this paper(Figure 5).

Alexandre Borghi[5] accelerates parallel implementation on a simple Compressive Sensing problem .Using the Moreau-Yosida strategy, full taking the advantages of parallel platforms, shared memory, vector, parallel, multi-core, the algorithm compare test in multi-core CPU platform and GPU platform. Experiment results show that in multi-threaded case, the algorithm of GPU achieves relatively different accelerated results.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows.Section Ⅱintroduces the algorithm of Super-resolution image reconstruction based on Compressive Sensing. The main methods and steps of parallel GPU accelerating program are presented in Section Ⅲ. In Section Ⅳ, the experimental results of CPU and GPU program are given and analyzed. Finally, the conclusions are drawn in Section Ⅴ.

II.SUPER-RESOLUTION IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON COMPRESSIVE

SENSING

A.The theory of Compressive Sensing

The theory of Compressive Sensing was proposed by the Candès [6], Romberg [7], Tao [8], and Donoho [9], etc.

2011 Workshop on Digital Media and Digital Content Management

Candès has proved that: as long as the signal in an orthogonal space is sparse, we can lower the frequency of (M×N) sample signal, and can reconstruct the signal with high probability.

More specifically, suppose signal X has a sparse

representation α in some orthogonal basis (e.g., wavelet, Fourier) or tight frame (e.g., curvelet, Gabor) Ψ, X=Ψ × α,

α is a sparse representation of signal X, and Ψ is a sparse

basis of signal X; then find a speculation basis Φ: M × N

(M<

observation set Y.

In the theory, we can get observation set Y: M × 1

through Y=Ψ × X (1), and recover original signal X: N × 1 from observation set Y through: Y='Φ × α (2), X=Ψ × α (3).

In the process of Super-resolution Image Reconstruction Base on Compressive Sensing, low-resolution image is served as observation set Y, and high-resolution as X, the crucial part of algorithm is how to calculate the sparsest representation of high-resolution image through function (2).

Suppose the transition basis 'Φ is the same, let us have a simple comparison about the method commonly used. The algorithm of MP (Match Pursuit) is easy to achieve, with fast speed and less resource requirement, as it is a greedy algorithm, the result is not as good as other methods. The algorithm of BP (Base Pursuit) is very complex and time-consuming, and the result is not so good as LARS. The complexity of LARS (Least Angle Regression) algorithm is between MP and BP, and the result is better than the algorithm above (Figure 5), so we choose LARS as the algorithm to solve the sparsest representation.

B.The Process of Algorithm

The algorithm principle of image reconstruction based on Compressive Sensing proposed by Jianchao Yang [3] is shown in Figure 1。

Here, the dictionary of Dh and Dl is got by machine learning for the purpose of getting the sparsest representation for most of the image (signal), Dl is served as transition basis 'Φin function (2), and Dh is served as sparse basis Ψ in function (3).

As for high-resolution image, channel Y is obtained by the algorithm based on compressive sensing, and other channels (Cr, Cb) are obtained by bicubic interpolation from their counterparts of low-resolution image.

III.PARALLEL GPU ACCELERATING PROGRAM A.Necessity and feasibility

In order to get a good effect, we choose to amplify from a 3 × 3 patch of low-resolution image to 9 × 9 patch of high-

Figure 1.Algorithm flow

resolution image, as there are so many patches in an image, the process of calculating sparsest representation of high-resolution image from Y have to be executed many times. In each process, a great number of mathematic problems have to be solved until the exit condition is met. Even though the resolution of low-resolution image is not very large and CPU has two cores, it still needs a long time before the result is got. In our experiment, it takes more than 60 seconds to get the 255×258 image from 85×86 on "child.bmp"(Figure 6). Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the algorithm.

In the algorithm, a low resolution image is divided into many n × n blocks, each block contains a 3 × 3 patch. As the recovery process carried out on each block is the same and there is no data relation between each block, so the problem is suitable for parallel computing. We can use GPU, which contains multi-computing units, to accelerate the algorithm.

B.The platform of GPU

Due to their tremendous memory bandwidth and computational horsepower, GPUs are becoming an efficient alternative to solve compute-intensive applications.

In the GPU of ATI-HD5850, there are 18 compute units, and each compute unit contains 80 stream processors. When a kernel is executed by the host, an instance of the kernel is called a work-item, and some work-items are organized into work-groups, which provide a more coarse-grained decomposition. Each work-item works on a stream processor, and work-group on a compute unit.

There are three kinds of memory in GPU: private memory is a region of memory private to a work-item, and it is not visible to other work-item; local memory is a memory region local to a work-group, this memory region

can be used to allocate variables that are shared by all work-

items in that work-group; global memory is a memory region permits read/write access to all work-items in all work-group. Private memory and local memory are faster to be read or written than global memory, but the space is very small. In GPU of ATI-HD5850, there are 64K local memory and 16K private memory in each compute unit, and the global memory can be used is about 134M.

C.Design of Parallel GPU Accelerating

The serial algorithm can be divided into several stages, and the time consumed in each stage can be recorded by function of clock. Take the picture of “child.bmp" for example, the time costs in each stage is shown in Figure 2:

Figure2. CPU execution time

The execution time mainly concentrates on the stage of the convolution (about 8 second) and stages of n × n blocks recovery (about 52 second). Therefore, we selected these two procedures as the objects to be sped up.

1)Distribution of accelerate tasks

Convolution stage:

The number of threads in the GPU is the same as the number of elements of Y value in low-resolution image, and the id of the threads is management in 2-dimension, after the allocation, every thread has a unique thread id. According to the id number, each thread calculate the location of the data they need in the original matrix, has a calculation, and write the result to the corresponding position of the result matrix. There is a read conflict in the process of reading original matrix, but in the process of writing data, each thread is independent to each other. The process of kernel function of convolution stage is shown in part one of section D.

Recycling stages of n × n block:

As the low-resolution image is divided into small patches in the same size of 3 × 3, and the algorithm to get the sparsest representation from each patch is the same, so they have the same process, and without data relation. In the serial program for "child.bmp", they are accomplished in the statement of for, and execute one after another for 1764 times, using the same algorithm, so we write a kernel function for the algorithm, and the 1764 tasks are assigned to 1764 work items. Thus, they can work in the form of parallel.

2) GPU memory allocation

Private and local memory of GPU is very limited, which is a big bottleneck for the effect of parallel. Allocating and using memory rationally is a very important to a good performance of parallel algorithm. We use the memory in accordance with the following principles:

Allocate the private memory or local memory for the variables that take up less space and will be operated frequently;

Allocate global memory for the variables which takes up more space and will be operated infrequently;

As the memory cannot be allocated dynamic in the architecture of openCL, thus all the memory spaces used for the kernel function were allocated at one time before execution, and repeatedly use these spaces during the algorithm until the end of the process, thus reducing memory consumption.

D. Implement of Parallel GPU Accelerating

According to the design mind above, we do the programming on the ATI Stream SDK VS2008 platform with the help of language openCL.

1)The kernel function for Convolution stage listed below:

//src is original matrix

//arr is a vector for convolution

//res is a result matrix

//width is widht of matrix src

__kernel void conv2(__global float *src, __global float *arr, __global float* dst,uint width)

{

//get the coordinates of current id in the thread matrix through openCL API:get_global_id

posx <- get_global_id(0)

posy <- get_global_id(1)

get the length of vector arr

value <- 0;

for i = 0;i < len ; i++ do

begin

//get original data from matrix src and vector arr according to posx and posy

poss <- posx * widthA + (posy - i)

value <- value + src[poss] * arr[i];

repeat

//write the result to the corresponding place of result matrix

dst[posx * widthA + posy] = value

}

The size of thread matrix is the same as original matrix, each thread accomplishes its corresponding assign, and then the final result is got.

2) The kernel function of algorithm of LARS

As most part of this kernel is hold by a statement of while, so it is hard to be divided into small granularity. The statement of while is very long and complex, the size of variable in each thread is more than 60K (most part of the memory is taken by the type of float array). The size of Dh dictionary is about 324K, and Dl is about 576K. In the GPU

HD5850, the local memory of each work-gr private memory is 16K, it is not even eno item (in which a thread is run on), so mos float array used in this kernel is allocated in may be, this is the reason why this kernel fu work very well.

In order to reduce the length of code, twenty five functions besides the kernel fun file, which are called by kernel functions. D language, in the standard of openCL, permitted to be passed as a parameter, a permitted, either, so we define a new stru below, the element of size is a pointer to a two element, which store the width and heig and the element of data is a pointer to float-

int s[2], float d[91], then , generate a variab and initial it by arr.size = s, arr.data = d, the passed as parameter.

IV.

EXPERIMENTS This paper focuses on the GPU imp

Super-resolution image reconstruction Compressive Sensing. We experiment on th

Intel Core2 Duo 2.33GHZ CPU and 2GB

code with VS2008 and AMD Stream SDK We run the algorithm on CPU and GPU

The result of amplifying “child.bmp” from

258 is as follows:

Table 1. RESULT COMPARISION IN DIFFERENT P

MILLISECOND)

CPU GPU-HD58Convolution stage 7907 7.084 Recycling stages of n × n block 52891 8825 Whole program

60828

9642

Some other experiment results, as show n Figure 3. Convolution time comparison (unit: m

2000

4000

6000

8000

Img1

Img2Img3

C G H roup is 64K, and ough for a work-st of the type of n global memory, function does not there are about nctions in ".CL" Different from C pointer is not and quote is not ucture cArray as a integer-array of ght of float array, array: ory, for example, ble of cArray arr, en cArray can be

plementation of n based on he computer with

B memory ,and

platform.

(ATI-HD5850). 85 × 86 to 255 ×

PLATFORM(UNIT: 50 Speedup Ratio

1129 5.993

6.309

in Figure 3, 4:

millisecond)

Figure 4. Whole time comparison From Table 1 and Figure 3, 4, we program using ATI HD5850 h compared with serial program. The parallel algorithm for the performances very well, and the sp times. However, in the stages of n algorithm does not perform so wel of LARS algorithms: a statement the parts of the kernel function, and

is uncertain, there is a data relation so a small granularity cannot b function needs at least 60K memo array, so most of the float-array memory, which is slower to be rea memory and local memory. In each

of time is wasted for waiting to global memory. During our GPU program, there need to solve: 1> How to divide the problem w

small granularity problem, wh parallel. If a matrix is so large in private or local memory, global memory, how to achiev

a series of operations of this m data of matrix into local memo read or written, in parallel algo 2> If the resolution of an image memory may be not enough f stage of n × n block. V. CONCLU

This paper proposes a parallel ATI-HD5850 for Image Supe Compressive Sensing in the AT select two part of the serial algori sped up according to execution tim first stage, the whole work is divide and makes full use of GPU's comp the second stage, the speed to read memory is a great obstacle to the algorithm. As a result, parallel prog of the time used by serial program.

CPU

GPU(ATI-HD5850)

10000

200003000040000500006000070000

Image1

Image2

Im n (unit: millisecond)

e can see that the parallel

has a significant effect e stage of convolution eed is a multiple of 1129 n × n block, the parallel ll, as there are two limits of while nearly take all d the number of iteration in each time of iteration,

e generated; the kernel ory for variable and float y is allocated in global

ad or written than private

h work-item, a great part read or write data from

e are some problems we with data relation into a hich is more suitable for e that cannot be allocated and finally allocated in

ve a good performance in matrix through move some

ory, which is faster to be

orithm.

e is too high, the global

for kernel function in the USION program with the aid of er-resolution based on I Stream platform. We thm as the objects to be me of each stage. At the ed into small granularity, utational horsepower. At or write data from global performance of parallel gram used only one-sixth mage3

CPU

GPU(ATI-HD5850)

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank AMD Corporation. They give us a lot of help, such as the platform of GPU (ATI HD5850), the material of openCL Language.

VII. REFERENCE

[1] John Wright, Allen Y. Yang, Arvind Ganesh, ect. Robust Face Recognition via Sparse Representation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence . 2008.

[2] Jianchao Yang, Kai Yu, etc. Linear Spatial Pyramid Matching Using Sparse Coding for Image Classification. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2009. CVPR 2009.

[3] Jianchao Yang, John Wright, Thomas Huang, Yi Ma, etc. Image Super-Resolution as Sparse Representation of Raw Image Patches. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition . 2008.

[4] M. Andrecut. Fast GPU Implementation of Sparse Signal Recovery from Random Projections. Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics University of Calgary .

[5] Alexandre Borghi, etc. A Simple Compressive Sensing Algorithm for Parallel Many-Core Architectures.

[6] E Candès, Compressive sampling. Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians . Madrid , Spain , 2006, 3 :1433 - 1452.

[7] E Candès, J Romberg, Terence Tao. Robust uncertainty principles: Exact signal reconstruction from highly incomplete frequency information. IEEE Transaction Information Theory , 2006, 52 (2):4892509.

[8] E J Candès and T Tao. Near optimal signal recovery from random Projections: Universal Encoding Strategies?. IEEE Transaction Information Theory , VOL. 52, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2006

[9] Donoho, D. L., Compressed Sensing, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , V. 52(4), 1289–1306, 2006

[10] Candes E, Tao T. Decoding by linear programming. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2005, 51(12):4203-4215

[11] Technical Overview: ATI Stream Computing. AMD.LTD.

Figure 5. The results of different algorithm based on compressive sensing (From left to right: the result of Match Pursuit, the result of Base

Pursuit, the result of Least Angle Regression (used in this paper))

Figure 6. The flower and child image used in the experiments (From left to right: low-resolution image, Super-resolution image using bicubic

interpolation, Super-resolution image using compressive sensing (used in this paper), Original image which produces low-resolution image)

稳压管型号_标号对照表

稳压管型号标号对照表 代号参数代号参数代号参数代号参数 2B1 1.9V-2.1V4B1 3.7V-3.9V6B1 5.5V-5.8V9B18.3V-8.7V 2B2 2.0V-2.2V4B2 3.8V-4.0V6B2 5.6V-5.9V9B28.5V-8.9V 2B3 2.1V-2.3V4B3 3.9V-4.1V6B3 5.7V-6.0V9B38.7V-9.1V 2C1 2.2V-2.4V4C1 4.0V-4.2V6C1 5.8V-6.1V9C18.9V-9.3V 2C2 2.3V-2.5V4C2 4.1V-4.3V6C2 6.0V-6.3V9C29.1V-9.5V 2C3 2.4V-2.6V4C3 4.2V-4.4V6C3 6.1V-6.4V9C39.3V-9.7V 3A1 2.5V-2.7V5A1 4.3V-4.5V7A1 6.3V-6.6V11A19.5V-9.9V 3A2 2.6V-2.8V5A2 4.4V-4.6V7A2 6.4V-6.7V11A29.7V-10.1V 3A3 2.7V-2.95A3 4.5V-4.7V7A3 6.6V-6.9V11A39.9V-10.3V 3B1 2.8V-3.0V5B1 4.6V-4.8V7B1 6.7V-7.0V11B110.2V-10.6V 3B2 2.9V-3.1V5B2 4.7V-4.9V7B2 6.9V-7.2V11B210.4V-10.8V 3B3 3.0V-3.2V5B3 4.8V-5.0V7B37.0V-7.3V11B310.7V-11.3V 3C1 3.1V-3.3V5C1 4.9V-5.1V7C17.2V-7.6V11C110.9V-11.3V 3C2 3.2V-3.4V5C2 5.0V-5.2V7C27.3V-7.7V11C211.1V-11.6V 3C3 3.3V-3.5V5C3 5.1V-5.3V7C37.5V-7.9V11C311.4V-11.9V 4A1 3.4V-3.6V6A1 5.2V-5.4V9A17.7V-8.1V12A111.6V-12.1V 4A2 3.5V-3.7V6A2 5.3V-5.5V9A27.9V-8.3V12A211.8V-12.4V 4A3 3.6V-3.8V6A3 5.4V-5.7V9A38.1V-8.5V12A312.2V-12.7V 常用5W稳压管参数 二极管1N53335W\3.3V 二极管1N5333A5W\3.3V 二极管1N5333B5W3.3V 二极管1N53345W\3.6V

最新智能手机CPU&GPU性能数据对比大全

型号DMIPS/MHz制造工艺CPU 65nm MSM7227T 800MHz 50nm MT6573 800MHz 50nm MT6573 1GHz 80nm PXA930 800MHz 65nm PXA920 800MHz Cortex-A545nm MSM7225A 800MHz 45nm MSM7227A 1GHz 45nm MSM8225 双核1GHz Cortex-A728nm MT6583 双核1.5GHz 28nm MT6589 四核1.2GHz 45nm OMAP3620 1GHz 45nm S5PC111/S5PC110 1GHz Scorpion65nm QSD8250 1GHz 65nm QSD8650 1GHz 65nm QSD8650 1.2GHz 45nm MSM8255 1GHz 45nm MSM8260 双核1.2GHz 45nm MSM8260 双核1.5GHz 45nm APQ8060 双核1.5GHz 45nm MSM8260 双核1.7GHz Cortex-A940nm MT6575 1GHz 40nm MT6575 1.5GHz 40nm MT6577 双核1GHz 40nm U8500 双核1GHz 40nm Tegra2 双核1.2GHz 45nm OMAP4460 双核1.2GHz 45nm Exynos4210 双核1.2GHz 45nm OMAP4460 双核1.5GHz 45nm OMAP4470 双核1.5GHz 40nm海思K3V2四核 1.4GHz 40nm Tegra3 四核1.5GHz 32nm Exynos4412 四核1.4GHz 32nm MX5Q 四核1.4GHz 32nm Exynos4412 四核1.6GHz Medfield32nm Z2460 1.6GHz单线程krait28nm MSM8960 双核1.5GHz 28nm APQ8064 四核1.5GHz 32nm Exynos5450 四核2GHz 28nm Tegra4 四核2.5GHz

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移动设备明显已经成为产业链。手机的每个部件都会有相应的供应商,音频、视频、屏幕、通信、摄像头、闪存等等。芯片自然也是一样,大名鼎鼎的高通、Nvidia、德州仪器都出售移动设置芯片;而且借此东风,还活得挺好。 如果说市面上Android 机器所用的芯片着着实实花了你的眼,那么小编可以告诉您一句,其实它们都出自一家厂商。你震惊了吗?这家厂商就是过去不显水不露水的ARM,当然最近借移动设置东风,确实火了一把。 与桌面CPU不同的是,移动设备CPU只有一家寡头,那就是ARM 。它的营销模式与Intel/AMD 不一样的是,Intel/AMD 自己生产CPU然后出售;ARM 只授权核心技术,得到授权的厂商在进行深加工后自行联系芯片代工厂进行生产。得到ARM授权的厂商有但不仅限于高通、Nvidia、德州仪器、苹果、三星、LG、索尼爱立信。 所以,市面上那些乱花渐欲迷人眼的各种芯片,背后都只有一家ARM。ARM在移动设备上获得成功的原因有很多,营销模式是其一,极度省电是其二。它的计算能力或许不及 Intel/AMD的CPU那么强悍,但是移动设备更看重的是效能比(同等电量所能支持的运算),这点ARM确实远超Intel/AMD,在次世代能够成功也就是顺理成章了。 当然,ARM的成功自然也遭到了Intel的嫉妒。Intel出产了一款叫做Atom的低功耗芯片用以对抗ARM,但“得益”于自身对市场的不熟悉以及控制功耗方面不过关,至今也未能获得成功。 CPU一家独大,但显卡却是百家争鸣 相比较于ARM在CPU领域一家独大,移动设备显卡却是百家争鸣,目前数得出来的就有PowerVR系列、AMD Adreno系列、Nvidia Tegra系列以及ARM新兼并的Mali架构。 PowerVR系列是目前移动设备上占有率最大的显卡,掌权者是Imagination公司。使用PowerVR的公司数不胜数,其中就包括苹果(iPhone 4/iPad/iPad2以及即将上市的iPhone 5)和索尼(Sony的PS Vita)。事实上,苹果公司有一部分Imagination的股份。 Adreno系列显卡昔日属于AMD旗下,但在2008年已经出售给了高通。高能同时也从ARM 处得到了授权,结合两者制作出了自家的芯片MSM8x xx系列。小编会在第三节详细介绍。 而一直在桌面显卡占据半边天的Nvidia,也用从ARM处得到的授权以及自家的显卡技术,制作出了Tegra系列芯片。由于Nvidia在芯片生产上浸淫已久,其所用的制程一直领先于其它芯片厂商;但功耗却显得略高。尽管如此,它还是占领了大量Android平板。

2020年公需课程智慧医疗(练习一:数字医疗影像诊断)

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答案:D 7、(单选,10分) 以下不属于人工智能方法给医学影像诊断过程带来的改变的是() A、医生阅片时间变短 B、观察区域更加完整 C、诊断过程更加稳定 D、诊断准确率因个体差异较大 答案:D 8、(单选,10分) 以下不属于当前人工智能+数字医疗影像应用在服务模式中存在的问题是() A、当前AI模型缺乏临床实验验证 B、当前AI模型设计参考最新临床指南规范较少 C、当前AI服务模式并未结合医师的实际应用情况 D、当前AI服务模式可以完全取代放射科医师 答案:D 9、(单选,10分) 传统的医学图像处理方式是由工程师们创造一套规则,算法根据规则对图像进行处理,准确率较高。 A、正确 B、错误 答案:B 10、(单选,10分) 目前医学影像领域人工智能算法快速突破,算力持续增长,如何构建强大的人工智能算法模型成为提升诊断准确度的最关键因素。 A、正确 B、错误 答案:B

电机型号及参数对照表

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4.按用途可划分:驱动用电动机和控制用电动机。 (1)驱动用电动机可划分:电动工具(包括钻孔、抛光、磨光、开槽、切割、扩孔等工具)用电动机、家电(包括洗衣机、电风扇、电冰箱、空调器、录音机、录像机、影碟机、吸尘器、照相机、电吹风、电动剃须刀等)用电动机及其他通用小型机械设备(包括各种小型机床、小型机械、医疗器械、电子仪器等)用电动机。 (2)控制用电动机又划分:步进电动机和伺服电动机等。 5.按转子的结构可划分:笼型感应电动机(旧标准称为鼠笼型异步电动机)和绕线转子感应电动机(旧标准称为绕线型异步电动机)。 6.按运转速度可划分:高速电动机、低速电动机、恒速电动机、调速电动机。低速电动机又分为齿轮减速电动机、电磁减速电动机、力矩电动机和爪极同步电动机等。 调速电动机除可分为有级恒速电动机、无级恒速电动机、有级变速电动机和无级变速电动机外,还可分为电磁调速电动机、直流调速电动机、PWM变频调速电动机和开关磁阻调速电动机。 异步电动机的转子转速总是略低于旋转磁场的同步转速。 同步电动机的转子转速与负载大小无关而始终保持为同步转速。

智能手机使用的几款cpu技术性能

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电机型号及参数对照表

简介 变频调速电机简称变频电机,是变频器驱动的电动机的统称。实际上为变频器设计的电机为变频专用电机,电机可以在变频器的驱动下实现不同的转速与扭矩,以适应负载的需求变化。变频电动机由传统的鼠笼式电动机发展而来,把传统的电机风机改为独立出来的风机,并且提高了电机绕组的绝缘性能。在要求不高的场合如小功率和频率在额定工作频率工作情况下,可以用普通鼠笼电动机代替。 主要参数 品牌:ABB 产品类型:三相异步电动机 型号:QABP 4KW-4P 极数:4极 额定功率:4KW 额定电压:380/415/440(V) 额定转速:1450(rpm) 产品认证:CE 应用范围:机械设备行业均可 技术特点 效率高 达到欧洲CEMEP-EU效率等级电机标准二级值,符合中华人民共和国国家标准GB18613-2002中小型三相异步电动机能效限定值。双频宽电压

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稳压二极管型号对照表

稳压二极管型号对照表 美标稳压二极管型号 1N4727 3V0 1N4728 3V3 1N4729 3V6 1N4730 3V9 1N4731 4V3 1N4732 4V7 1N4733 5V1 1N4734 5V6 1N4735 6V2 1N4736 6V8 1N4737 7V5 1N4738 8V2 1N4739 9V1 1N4740 10V 1N4741 11V 1N4742 12V 1N4743 13V 1N4744 15V 1N4745 16V 1N4746 18V 1N4747 20V 1N4748 22V 1N4749 24V 1N4750 27V 1N4751 30V 1N4752 33V 1N4753 36V 1N4754 39V 1N4755 43V 1N4756 47V 1N4757 51V 需要规格书请到以下地址下载, https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe16738961.html,/products/Rectifiers/Diode/Zener/ 经常看到很多板子上有M记的铁壳封装的稳压管,都是以美标的1N系列型号标识的,没有具体的电压值,刚才翻手册查了以下3V至51V的型号与电压的对照值,希望对大家有用 1N4727 3V0 1N4728 3V3 1N4729 3V6 1N4730 3V9 1N4731 4V3

1N4733 5V1 1N4734 5V6 1N4735 6V2 1N4736 6V8 1N4737 7V5 1N4738 8V2 1N4739 9V1 1N4740 10V 1N4741 11V 1N4742 12V 1N4743 13V 1N4744 15V 1N4745 16V 1N4746 18V 1N4747 20V 1N4748 22V 1N4749 24V 1N4750 27V 1N4751 30V 1N4752 33V 1N4753 36V 1N4754 39V 1N4755 43V 1N4756 47V 1N4757 51V DZ是稳压管的电器编号,是和1N4148和相近的,其实1N4148就是一个0.6V 的稳压管,下面是稳压管上的编号对应的稳压值,有些小的稳压管也会在管体上直接标稳压电压,如5V6就是5.6V的稳压管。 1N4728A 3.3 1N4729A 3.6 1N4730A 3.9 1N4731A 4.3 1N4732A 4.7 1N4733A 5.1 1N4734A 5.6 1N4735A 6.2 1N4736A 6.8 1N4737A 7.5 1N4738A 8.2 1N4739A 9.1 1N4740A 10 1N4741A 11 1N4742A 12

手机常见的cpu与gpu

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一些整流桥堆的分类和型号 桥式整流器品种多,性能优良,整流效率高,稳定性好,最大整流电流从0.5A到50A,最高反向峰值电压从50V到1000V。 1. 贴片系列: MB2S、MB4S、MB6S、MB8S、MB10S。 DB101S、DB102S、DB103S、DB104S、DB105S、DB106S、DB107S。 DB151S、DB152S、DB153S、DB154S、DB155S、DB156S、DB157S。 2. 板桥系列: DB101、DB102、DB103、DB104、DB105、DB106、DB107。 DB151、DB152、DB153、DB154、DB155、DB156、DB157。 3. 圆桥系列: W005、W01、W02、W04、W06、W08、W10. 2W005、2W01、2W02、2W04、2W06、2W08、2W10。 4. 扁桥2A: RS201、RS202、RS203、RS204、RS205、RS206、RS207。 KBP2005、KBP201、KBP202、KBP204、KBP206、KBP208、KBP210。 扁桥KBL4A:KBL4005、KBL401、KBL402、KBL404、KBL406、KBL408、KBL410。扁桥GBP2A:GBP2005、GBP201、GBP202、GBP204、GBP206、GBP208、GBP210。扁桥GBL4A:GBL4005、GBL401、GBL402、GBL404、GBL406、GBL408、GBL410。扁桥GBJ系列: GBJ4005、GBJ401、GBJ402、GBJ404、GBJ406、GBJ408、GBJ410。 GBJ6005、GBJ601、GBJ602、GBJ604、GBJ606、GBJ608、GBJ610。 GBJ8005、GBJ801、GBJ802、GBJ804、GBJ806、GBJ808、GBJ810。 GBJ10005、GBJ1001、GBJ1002、GBJ1004、GBJ1006、GBJ1008、GBJ1010。 GBJ15005、GBJ1501、GBJ1502、GBJ1504、GBJ1506、GBJ1508、GBJ1510。 GBJ25005、GBJ2501、GBJ2502、GBJ2504、GBJ2506、GBJ2508、GBJ2510。 GBJ35005、GBJ3501、GBJ3502、GBJ3504、GBJ3506、GBJ3508、GBJ3510。 扁桥RBV50A系列: RBV50005、RBV5001、RBV5002、RBV5004、RBV5006、RBV5008、RBV5010。 扁桥KBU系列: KBU4005、KBU401、KBU402、KBU404、KBU406、KBU408、KBU410。 KBU6005、KBU601、KBU602、KBU604、KBU606、KBU608、KBU610。 KBU8005、KBU801、KBU802、KBU804、KBU806、KBU808、KBU810。 KBU10005、KBU1001、KBU1002、KBU1004、KBU1006、KBU1008、KBU1010。 KBU15005、KBU1501、KBU1502、KBU1504、KBU1506、KBU1508、KBU1510。KBU25005、KBU2501、KBU2502、KBU2504、KBU2506、KBU2508、KBU2510。 KBU35005、KBU3501、KBU3502、KBU3504、KB32506、KBU3508、KBU3510。 扁桥GBU系列: GBU4005、GBU401、GBU402、GBU404、GBU406、GBU408、GBU410。 GBU6005、GBU601、GBU602、GBU604、GBU606、GBU608、GBU610。 GBU8005、GBU801、GBU802、GBU804、GBU806、GBU808、GBU810。

常用稳压管型号参数对照

常用稳压管型号参数对照 3V到51V 1W稳压管型号对照表1N4727 3V0 1N4728 3V3 1N4729 3V6 1N4730 3V9 1N4731 4V3 1N4732 4V7 1N4733 5V1 1N4734 5V6 1N4735 6V2 1N4736 6V8 1N4737 7V5

1N4739 9V1 1N4740 10V 1N4741 11V 1N4742 12V 1N4743 13V 1N4744 15V 1N4745 16V 1N4746 18V 1N4747 20V 1N4748 22V 1N4749 24V 1N4750 27V 1N4751 30V

1N4753 36V 1N4754 39V 1N4755 43V 1N4756 47V 1N4757 51V 摩托罗拉IN47系列1W稳压管IN4728 3.3v IN4729 3.6v IN4730 3.9v IN4731 4.3 IN4732 4.7 IN4733 5.1

IN4735 6.2 IN4736 6.8 IN4737 7.5 IN4738 8.2 IN4739 9.1 IN4740 10 IN4741 11 IN4742 12 IN4743 13 IN4744 15 IN4745 16 IN4746 18 IN4747 20

IN4749 24 IN4750 27 IN4751 30 IN4752 33 IN4753 34 IN4754 35 IN4755 36 IN4756 47 IN4757 51 摩托罗拉IN52系列 0.5w精密稳压管IN5226 3.3v IN5227 3.6v

《医学影像成像原理》名词解释教学内容

《医学影像成像原理》名词解释

《医学影像成像原理》名词解释 第一章 1.X 线摄影(radiography):是X 线通过人体不同组织、器官结构的衰减作用,产生人体医疗情报信息传递给屏-片系统,再通过显定影处理,最终以X 线平片影像方式表现出来的技术。 2.X 线计算机体层成像(computed tomography,CT):经过准直器的X 线束穿透人体被检测层面;经人体薄层内组织、器官衰减后射出的带有人体信息 的X 线束到达检测器,检测器将含有被检体层面信息X 线转变为相应的电信号; 通过对电信号放大,A/D 转换器变为数字信号,送给计算机系统处理;计算机按 照设计好的方法进行图像重建和处理,得到人体被检测层面上组织、器官衰减系 数(|)分布,并以灰度方式显示人体这一层面上组织、器官的图像。 3.磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI):通过对静磁场 (B0) 中的人体施加某种特定频率的射频脉冲电磁波,使人体组织中的氢质子(1H)受 到激励而发生磁共振现象,当RF 脉冲中止后,1H 在弛豫过程中发射出射频信号 (MR 信号),被接收线圈接收,利用梯度磁场进行空间定位,最后进行图像重 建而成像的。 4.计算机X 线摄影(computed radiography,CR):是使用可记录并由激光读出X 线影像信息的成像板(IP)作为载体,经X 线曝光及信息读出处理,形成数字式平片影像。 5.数字X 线摄影(digital radiography,DR):指在具有图像处理功能的计算机控制下,采用一维或二维的X 线探测器直接把X 线影像信息转化为数字信号的技术。 6.影像板(imaging plate,IP):是CR 系统中作为采集(记录)影像信息的接收器(代替传统X 线胶片),可以重复使用,但没有显示影像的功能。7.平板探测器(flat panel detector,FPD):数字X 线摄影中用来代替屏- 片系统作为X 线信息接收器(探测器)。 8.数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA):是计算机 与常规X 线血管造影相结合的一种检查方法,能减去骨骼、肌肉等背景影像,突出显示血管图像的技术。 9.计算机辅助诊断(computer aided diagnosis,CAD):借助人工智能等技术对医学影像作图像分割、特征提取和定量分析等增加诊断信息,用以辅助医 生对各种医学影像进行诊断的技术。

新手必看:RAM、CPU、GPU三个手机硬指标,哪个最重要!

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1N4730 3V9 1N4731 4V3 1N4732 4V7 1N4733 5V1 1N4734 5V6 1N4735 6V2 1N4736 6V8 1N4737 7V5 1N4738 8V2 1N4739 9V1 1N4740 10V 1N4741 11V 1N4742 12V 1N4743 13V 1N4744 15V 1N4745 16V 1N4746 18V 1N4747 20V 1N4748 22V 1N4749 24V 1N4750 27V 1N4751 30V 1N4752 33V 1N4753 36V 1N4754 39V 1N4755 43V 1N4756 47V 1N4757 51V DZ是稳压管的电器编号,是和1N4148和相近的,其实1N4148就是一个0.6V的稳压管,下面是稳压管上的编号对应的稳压值,有些小的稳压管也会在管体上直接标稳压电压,如5V6就是5.6V的稳压管。 1N4728A 3.3 1N4729A 3.6 1N4730A 3.9 1N4731A 4.3 1N4732A 4.7 1N4733A 5.1 1N4734A 5.6 1N4735A 6.2 1N4736A 6.8 1N4737A 7.5 1N4738A 8.2 1N4739A 9.1

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