当前位置:文档之家› 国际经济学十一章题库

国际经济学十一章题库

国际经济学十一章题库
国际经济学十一章题库

CHAPTER 11—THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. On the balance-of-payments statements, merchandise imports are classified in the:

a. Current account

b. Capital account

c. Unilateral transfer account

d. Official settlements account

ANS: A PTS: 1

2. The balance of international indebtedness is a record of a country's international:

a. Investment position over a period of time

b. Investment position at a fixed point in time

c. Trade position over a period of time

d. Trade position at a fixed point in time

ANS: B PTS: 1

3. Which balance-of-payments item does not directly enter into the calculation of the U.S. gross

domestic product?

a. Merchandise imports

b. Shipping and transportation receipts

c. Direct foreign investment

d. Service exports

ANS: C PTS: 1

4. Which of the following is considered a capital inflow?

a. A sale of U.S. financial assets to a foreign buyer

b. A loan from a U.S. bank to a foreign borrower

c. A purchase of foreign financial assets by a U.S. buyer

d. A U.S. citizen's repayment of a loan from a foreign bank

ANS: A PTS: 1

5. Which of the following would call for inpayments to the United States?

a. American imports of German steel

b. Gold flowing out of the United States

c. American unilateral transfers to less-developed countries

d. American firms selling insurance to British shipping companies

ANS: D PTS: 1

6. In a country's balance of payments, which of the following transactions are debits?

a. Domestic bank balances owned by foreigners are decreased

b. Foreign bank balances owned by domestic residents are decreased

c. Assets owned by domestic residents are sold to nonresidents

d. Securities are sold by domestic residents to nonresidents

ANS: A PTS: 1

7. Which of the following is classified as a credit in the U.S. balance of payments?

a. U.S. exports

b. U.S. gifts to other countries

c. A flow of gold out of the U.S.

d. Foreign loans made by U.S. companies

ANS: A PTS: 1

Table 10.1 gives hypothetical figures for U.S. International Transactions.

Table 10.1. U.S. International Transactions

Amount

(billions of dollars) Transaction

Merchandise imports 110

Military transactions, net -5

Remittances, pensions, transfers -20

U.S. private assets abroad -50

Merchandise exports 115

Investment income, net 15

U.S. government grants -5

(excluding military)

Foreign private assets in the U.S. 25

Compensation of employees -5

Allocation of SDRs 5

Travel and transportation receipts, net 20

8. Referring to Table 10.1, the goods and services balance equals:

a. $5 billion

b. $15 billion

c. $20 billion

d. $25 billion

ANS: C PTS: 1

9. Referring to Table 10.1, the current account balance equals:

a. $5 billion

b. $10 billion

c. $15 billion

d. $20 billion

ANS: A PTS: 1

10. Unlike the balance of payments, the balance of international indebtedness indicates the

international:

a. Investment position of a country at a given moment in time

b. Investment position of a country over a one-year period

c. Trade position of a country at a given moment in time

d. Trade position of a country over a one-year period

ANS: A PTS: 1

11. Which of the following indicates the international investment position of a country at a given

moment in time?

a. The balance of payments

b. The capital account of the balance of payments

c. The current account of the balance of payments

d. The balance of international indebtedness

ANS: D PTS: 1

12. Concerning the U.S. balance of payments, which account is defined in essentially the same way

as the net export of goods and services, which comprises part of the country's gross domestic product?

a. Merchandise trade account

b. Goods and services account

c. Current account

d. Capital account

ANS: B PTS: 1

13. If an American receives dividends from the shares of stock she or he owns in Toyota, Inc., a

Japanese firm, the transaction would be recorded on the U.S. balance of payments as a:

a. Capital account debit

b. Capital account credit

c. Current account debit

d. Current account credit

ANS: D PTS: 1

14. If the United States government sells military hardware to Saudi Arabia, the transaction would be

recorded on the U.S. balance of payments as a:

a. Current account debit

b. Current account credit

c. Capital account debit

d. Capital account credit

ANS: B PTS: 1

15. The U.S. balance of trade is determined by:

a. Exchange rates

b. Growth of economies overseas

c. Relative prices in world markets

d. All of the above

ANS: D PTS: 1

16. U.S. military aid granted to foreign countries is entered in the:

a. Merchandise trade account

b. Capital account

c. Current account

d. Official settlements account

ANS: C PTS: 1

17. If the U.S. faces a balance-of-payments deficit on the current account, it must run a surplus on:

a. The official settlements account

b. The capital account

c. Either the official settlements account or the capital account

d. Both the official settlements account and the capital account

ANS: C PTS: 1

18. The current account of the U.S. balance of payments does not include:

a. Investment income

b. Merchandise exports and imports

c. The sale of securities to foreigners

d. Unilateral transfers

ANS: C PTS: 1

19. The U.S. has a balance of trade deficit when its:

a. Merchandise exports exceed its merchandise imports

b. Merchandise imports exceed its merchandise exports

c. Goods and services exports exceed its goods and services imports

d. Goods and services imports exceed its goods and services exports

ANS: B PTS: 1

20. The value to American residents of income earned from overseas investments shows up in which

account in the U.S. balance of payments?

a. Current account

b. Trade account

c. Unilateral transfers account

d. Capital account

ANS: A PTS: 1

Table 10.2. International Investment Position of the United States

U.S. assets abroad

U.S. government assets $800 billion

U.S. private assets $200 billion

Foreign assets in the U.S.

Foreign official assets $600 billion

Foreign private assets $300 billion

21. Consider Table 10.2. The U.S. balance of international indebtedness suggests that the United

States is a net:

a. Debtor

b. Creditor

c. Spender

d. Exporter

ANS: B PTS: 1

22. For the first time since World War I, in 1985 the United States became a net international:

a. Exporter

b. Importer

c. Debtor

d. Creditor

ANS: C PTS: 1

23. A country that is a net international debtor initially experiences:

a. An augmented savings pool available to finance domestic spending

b. A higher interest rate, which leads to lower domestic investment

c. A loss of funds to trading partners overseas

d. A decrease in its services exports to other countries

ANS: A PTS: 1

24. Credit (+) items in the balance of payments correspond to anything that:

a. Involves receipts from foreigners

b. Involves payments to foreigners

c. Decreases the domestic money supply

d. Increases the demand for foreign exchange

ANS: A PTS: 1

25. Debt (-) items in the balance of payments correspond to anything that:

a. Involves receipts from foreigners

b. Involves payments to foreigners

c. Increases the domestic money supply

d. Decreases the demand for foreign exchange

ANS: B PTS: 1

26. When all of the debit or credit items in the balance of payments are combined:

a. Merchandise imports equal merchandise exports

b. Capital imports equal capital exports

c. Services exports equal services imports

d. The total surplus or deficit equals zero

ANS: D PTS: 1

27. In the balance of payments, the statistical discrepancy is used to:

a. Ensure that the sum of all debits matches the sum of all credits

b. Ensure that trade imports equal the value of trade exports

c. Obtain an accurate account of a balance-of-payments deficit

d. Obtain an accurate account of a balance-of-payments surplus

ANS: A PTS: 1

28. All of the following are credit items in the balance of payments, except:

a. Investment inflows

b. Merchandise exports

c. Payments for American services to foreigners

d. Private gifts to foreign residents

ANS: D PTS: 1

29. All of the following are debit items in the balance of payments, except:

a. Capital outflows

b. Merchandise exports

c. Private gifts to foreigners

d. Foreign aid granted to other nations

ANS: B PTS: 1

30. The role of ____ is to direct one nation's savings into another nation's investments:

a. Merchandise trade flows

b. Services flows

c. Current account flows

d. Capital flows

ANS: D PTS: 1

31. When a country realizes a deficit on its current account:

a. Its net foreign investment position becomes positive

b. It becomes a net demander of funds from other countries

c. It realizes an excess of imports over exports on goods and services

d. It becomes a net supplier of funds to other countries

ANS: B PTS: 1

32. Reducing a current account deficit requires a country to:

a. Increase private saving relative to investment

b. Increase private consumption relative to saving

c. Increase private investment relative to consumption

d. Increase private investment relative to saving

ANS: A PTS: 1

33. Reducing a current account deficit requires a country to:

a. Increase the government's deficit and increase private investment relative to saving

b. Increase the government's deficit and decrease private investment relative to saving

c. Decrease the government's deficit increase private investment relative to saving

d. Decrease the government's deficit and decrease private investment relative to saving

ANS: D PTS: 1

34. Reducing a current account surplus requires a country to:

a. Increase the government's deficit and increase private investment relative to saving

b. Increase the government's deficit and decrease private investment relative to saving

c. Decrease the government's deficit and increase private investment relative to saving

d. Decrease the government's deficit and decrease private investment relative to saving

ANS: A PTS: 1

35. Concerning a country's business cycle, rapid growth of production and employment is commonly

associated with:

a. Large or growing trade deficits and current account deficits

b. Large or growing trade deficits and current account surpluses

c. Small or shrinking trade deficits and current account deficits

d. Small or shrinking trade deficits and current account surpluses

ANS: A PTS: 1

36. The burden of a current account deficit would be the least if a nation uses what it borrows to

finance:

a. Unemployment compensation benefits

b. Social Security benefits

c. Expenditures on food and recreation

d. Investment on plant and equipment

ANS: D PTS: 1

37. Concerning a country's business cycle, ____ is commonly associated with large or growing

current account deficits:

a. Rapid growth rates of production and employment

b. Slow growth rates of production and employment

c. Falling interest rates on government securities

d. Falling interest rates on corporate securities

ANS: A PTS: 1

38. According to researchers at the Federal Reserve, the loss of jobs associated with a deficit in the

current account tends to be:

a. Offset by the increase of jobs associated with a surplus in the capital account

b. Reinforced by the decrease of jobs associated with a surplus in the capital account

c. A threat to the level of employment for the economy as a whole

d. Of no long-run economic consequence for workers who lose their jobs

ANS: A PTS: 1

TRUE/FALSE

Table 10.3 shows hypothetical transactions, in billions of U.S. dollars, that took place during a year.

Table 10.3. International Transactions of the United States

Amount

(billions of dollars) Transaction

Allocation of SDRs 10

Changes in U.S. assets abroad 100

Statistical discrepancy -15

Merchandise imports -400

Payments on foreign assets in U.S. -20

Remittances, pensions, transfers -60

Travel and transportation receipts, net 30

Military transactions, net -10

Investment income, net 100

Merchandise exports 350

U.S. government grants (excluding military) -20

Changes in foreign assets in the U.S. 190

Other services, net 80

Receipts on U.S. investments abroad 30

Compensation of employees -10

1. Refer to Table 10.3. The merchandise-trade balance registered a deficit of $50 billion.

ANS: T PTS: 1

2. Refer to Table 10.

3. The services balance registered a surplus of $100 billion.

ANS: T PTS: 1

3. Refer to Table 10.3. The goods-and-services balance registered a surplus of $50 billion.

ANS: T PTS: 1

4. Refer to Table 10.3. The unilateral-transfers balance registered a deficit of $40 billion.

ANS: F PTS: 1

5. Refer to Table 10.3. The current-account balance registered a surplus of $30 billion.

ANS: F PTS: 1

6. Refer to Table 10.3. The "net exports" component of the U.S. gross domestic product registered

$-110 billion.

ANS: F PTS: 1

7. Refer to Table 10.3. The payments data suggest that the United States was a "net demander" of

$30 billion from the rest of the world.

ANS: F PTS: 1

8. The balance of payments refers to the stock of trade and investment transactions that exists at a

particular point in time.

ANS: F PTS: 1

9. Referring to the balance-of-payments statement, an international transaction refers to the

exchange of goods, services, and assets between residents of one country and those abroad.

ANS: T PTS: 1

10. The balance of payments includes international transactions of households and businesses, but

not government.

ANS: F PTS: 1

11. Because the balance of payments utilizes double-entry accounting, merchandise exports will

always be in balance with merchandise imports.

ANS: F PTS: 1

12. On the U.S. balance-of-payments statement, the following transactions are credits, leading to the

receipt of dollars from foreigners: merchandise exports, transportation receipts, income received from investments abroad, and investments in the United States by foreign residents.

ANS: T PTS: 1

13. On the U.S. balance of payments, the following transactions are debits, leading to payments to

foreigners: merchandise imports, travel expenditures, gifts to foreign residents, and overseas investments by U.S. residents.

ANS: T PTS: 1

14. The "goods and services" account of the balance of payments shows the monetary value of

international flows associated with transactions in goods, services, and unilateral transfers.

ANS: F PTS: 1

15. An increase in import restrictions by the U.S. government tends to promote a merchandise-trade

surplus.

ANS: T PTS: 1

16. Services transactions on Canada's balance-of-payments statement would include Canadian ships

transporting lumber to Japan, foreign tourists spending money in Canada, and Canadian

engineers designing bridges in China.

ANS: T PTS: 1

17. On the balance-of-payments statement, dividend and interest income are classified as

capital-account transactions.

ANS: F PTS: 1

18. A surplus on Germany's goods-and-services balance indicates that Germany has sold more goods

and services to foreigners than it has bought from them over a one-year period.

ANS: T PTS: 1

19. The merchandise-trade account on the balance-of-payments statement is defined the same way as

"net exports" which constitutes part of the nation's gross domestic product.

ANS: F PTS: 1

20. A positive balance on the goods-and-services account of the balance of payments indicates an

excess of exports over imports which must be added to the nation's gross domestic product.

ANS: T PTS: 1

21. For the United States, merchandise trade has generally constituted the largest portion of its

goods-and-services account.

ANS: T PTS: 1

22. Unilateral transfers refer to two-sided transactions, reflecting the movement of goods and

services in one direction with corresponding payments in the other direction.

ANS: F PTS: 1

23. Unilateral transfers consist of private-sector transfers, such as church contributions to alleviate

starvation in Africa, as well as governmental transfers, such as foreign aid.

ANS: T PTS: 1

24. Current-account transactions include direct foreign investment, purchases of foreign government

securities, and commercial bank loans made abroad.

ANS: F PTS: 1

25. On the U.S. balance-of-payments statement, a capital inflow would occur if a Swiss resident

purchases the securities of the U.S. government.

ANS: T PTS: 1

26. If Toyota Inc. of Japan builds an automobile assembly plant in the United States, the Japanese

capital account would register an outflow.

ANS: T PTS: 1

27. If Bank of America receives repayment for a loan it made to a Mexican firm, the U.S. capital

account would register an inflow.

ANS: T PTS: 1

28. On the balance-of-payments statement, a capital inflow can be likened to the import of goods and

services.

ANS: F PTS: 1

29. The capital account of the balance of payments includes private-sector transactions as well as

official-settlements transactions of the home country's central bank.

ANS: T PTS: 1

30. If the current account of the balance of payments registers a deficit, the capital account registers

a surplus, and vice versa.

ANS: T PTS: 1

31. Concerning the balance of payments, a current-account surplus means an excess of exports over

imports of goods, services, investment income, and unilateral transfers.

ANS: T PTS: 1

32. If a country realizes a current-account deficit in its balance of payments, it becomes a net supplier

of funds to the rest of the world.

ANS: F PTS: 1

33. Concerning the balance of payments, a current-account deficit results in a worsening of a

country's net foreign investment position.

ANS: T PTS: 1

34. In the balance-of-payments statement, statistical discrepancy is treated as part of the

merchandise trade account because merchandise transactions are generally the most frequent source of error.

ANS: F PTS: 1

35. Because a large number of international transactions fail to get recorded, statisticians insert a

residual, known as statistical discrepancy, to ensure that total debits equal total credits.

ANS: T PTS: 1

36. Concerning the balance of payments, the goods-and-services balance is commonly referred to as

the "trade balance" by the news media.

ANS: T PTS: 1

37. Since the 1970s, the merchandise trade account of the U.S. balance of payments has registered

deficit.

ANS: T PTS: 1

38. Although the United States has realized merchandise trade deficits since the early 1970s, its

goods-and-services balance has always registered surplus.

ANS: F PTS: 1

39. In the past two decades, the U.S. services balance has generally registered surplus.

ANS: T PTS: 1

40. The U.S. unilateral-transfers balance has consistently registered surplus in the past two decades.

ANS: F PTS: 1

41. Because the balance of payments is a record of the economic transactions of a country over a

period of time, it is a "flow" concept.

ANS: T PTS: 1

42. The United States would be a "net creditor" if the value of U.S. assets abroad exceeded the value

of foreign assets in the United States.

ANS: T PTS: 1

43. If a country consistently realizes a current-account surplus in its balance of payments, it likely

will become a "net debtor" in its balance of international indebtedness.

ANS: F PTS: 1

44. By the mid-1980s, the United States had evolved from the status of a net-creditor nation to a

net-debtor nation in its balance of international indebtedness.

ANS: T PTS: 1

45. The net-debtor status, that the United States achieved in its balance of international indebtedness

by the mid-1980s, reflected the continuous current-account surplus that the United States

attained in its balance of payments during the 1970s.

ANS: F PTS: 1

46. Although a net-debtor country may initially benefit from an inflow of savings from abroad, over

the long run continued borrowing results in growing dividend payments to foreigners and a drain on the debtor-country's economic resources.

ANS: T PTS: 1

47. The official reserve assets of the United States consist of holdings of gold and foreign corporate

securities.

ANS: F PTS: 1

48. That U.S. importers purchase bananas from Brazil constitutes a debit transaction on the U.S.

balance of payments.

ANS: T PTS: 1

49. That German investors collect interest income on their holdings of U.S. Treasury bills constitutes

a credit transaction on the U.S. balance of payments.

ANS: F PTS: 1

50. That U.S. charities donate funds to combat starvation in Africa constitutes a debit transaction on

the U.S. balance of payments.

ANS: T PTS: 1

51. To reduce a current account deficit, a country should either decrease the budget deficit of its

government or reduce investment spending relative to saving.

ANS: T PTS: 1

52. Most economists belief that in the 1980s, a massive outflow of capital caused a current account

deficit for the United States.

ANS: F PTS: 1

53. A current account deficit for the United States necessarily reduces the standard of living for

American households.

ANS: F PTS: 1

54. Rapid growth of production and employment is commonly associated with large or growing

trade surpluses and current account surpluses.

ANS: F PTS: 1

55. Often, countries realizing rapid economic growth rates possess long-run current account deficits.

ANS: T PTS: 1

56. For the United States, a consequence of its current account deficit is a growing foreign ownership

of the capital stock of the United States and a rising fraction of U.S. income that must be diverted abroad in the form of interest and dividends to foreigners.

ANS: T PTS: 1

57. Most economists contend that any reduction in the current account deficit is better achieved

through increased national saving than through reduced domestic investment.

ANS: T PTS: 1

SHORT ANSWER

1. What are the components of the current account of the balance of payments?

ANS:

The current account includes transactions in goods and services, income flows, and unilateral transfers.

PTS: 1

2. Concerning the balance of international indebtedness, when is a country a net creditor or a net

debtor?

ANS:

A country is a net creditor when its claims on foreign nations exceed foreign claims on it. The

nation is a net debtor when foreign nations' claims on it exceed its claims on foreign nations.

PTS: 1

ESSAY

1. How do we measure the international investment position of the United States at any point in

time? How did the U.S. become a net debtor nation so rapidly?

ANS:

The international investment position of the United States is measured by the monetary value of

U.S. assets abroad versus foreign assets in the United States. Unlike the balance of payments,

which is a flow concept, the balance of international indebtedness is a stock concept. The reason

for the U.S. becoming a net debtor nation is that foreign investors have placed more funds in the

United States than the U.S. residents have invested abroad. The United States has been

considered attractive to foreign investors.

PTS: 1

2. What does a current account deficit mean?

ANS:

When a country realizes a deficit in its current account, it has an excess of imports over exports of

goods, services, income, and unilateral transfers. This leads to an increase in net foreign claims upon the home country. The home country becomes a net demander of funds from abroad, the

demand being met through borrowing from other countries or liquidating foreign assets. The

result is a worsening of the home country's net foreign investment position.

PTS: 1

国际经济学作业答案第一章

Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C

国际经济学英文题库(最全版附答案)

【国际经济学】英文题库 Chapter 1: Introduction Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States? *A. Coffee, tea, cocoa B. steel, copper, aluminum C. petroleum, coal, natural gas D. typewriters, computers, airplanes 2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of: A. the United States *B. Switzerland C. Germany D. England 3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has: *A. grown B. diminished C. remained unchanged D. cannot say 4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by: A. the size of the nations' population B. the percentage of its population to its GDP *C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP D. all of the above 5. Economic interdependence is greater for: *A. small nations

《国际经济学》模拟试题及参考答案

《国际经济学》模拟试题及参考答案(一) 一、名词解释(每小题 5 分,共 20 分) 1.要素禀赋:亦即要素的丰裕程度,是指在不同国家之间,由于要素的稀缺程度不同所导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。赫克歇尔-俄林定理认为,要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础。 2.倾销:指出口商以低于正常价值的价格向进口国销售产品,并因此给进口国产业造成损害的行为。 3.黄金输送点:黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点,是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限,它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度。 4.三元悖论:也称为三元冲突理论,即在开放经济条件下,货币政策的独立性、汇率的稳定性和资本的自由流动三个目标不可能同时实现,各国只能选择其中对自己有利的两个目标。 二、单项选择题 2.根据相互需求原理,两国均衡的交换比例取决于( C ) A 两国的绝对优势 B 两国的比较优势 C 两国的相对需求强度 D 两国的要素禀赋 3.在当今的国际贸易格局中,产业内贸易更容易发生于( B ) A 发展中国家与发达国家 B 发达国家与发达国家 C 发展中国家与发展中国家 D 发展中国家和最不发达国家 4.课征关税会增加生产者剩余,减少消费者剩余,社会总福利的变化将( B ) A 上升 B 降低 C 不变 D 不确定 5.以下选项中,哪个选项不属于国际收支统计中居民的概念?( C ) A 外国企业 B 非盈利机构 C 国际经济组织 D 政府 7.布雷顿森林体系创立了( B ) A 以英镑为中心的固定汇率制度 B 以美元为中心的固定汇率制度 C 以英镑为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度 D 以美元为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度 8.在下列投资方式中,属于国际间接投资的是( D ) A 在国外设立分公司 B 在国外设立独资企业 C 在国外设立合资企业 D 购买国外企业债券 9.经济非均衡的无形传导方式不包括( C ) A 技术转让 B 信息交流 C 信息回授 D 示范效应 10.在斯图旺表中第三象限表示( C ) A 通货膨胀与国际收支顺差并存 B 衰退与国际收支顺差并存 C 衰退与国际收支逆差并存 D 通货膨胀与国际收支逆差并存 三、判断正误题 1.亚当。斯密的绝对利益学说和大卫•李嘉图的比较利益学说都是从劳动生产率差异的角度来解释国际贸易的起因。(√)

国际经济学课后答案解析

第一章绪论 1、列举出体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件,他们为什么重要?他们都是怎么影响中国与欧、美、日的经济和政治关系的?当前的国际金融危机最能体现国际经济学问题,其深刻地影响了世界各国的金融、实体经济、政治等领域,也影响了各国之间的关系因此显得尤为重要;其对中国与欧、美、日的政治和经济关系的影响为:减少中国对上述国家的出口,影响中国外汇储备,贸易摩擦加剧,经济联系加强,因而也会导致中国与上述国家在政治上的对话与合作。 2、我们如何评价一国与他国之间的相互依赖程度?我们可以通过一国的对外贸易依存度来评价该国与他国之间的相互依赖程度,也可以通过其他方式来评价比如一国政府政策的溢出效应和回震效应以及对外贸易对国民生活水平的影响。 3、国际贸易理论及国际贸易政策研究的内容是什么?为什么说他们是国际经济学的微观方面?国际贸易理论分析贸易的基础和所得,国际贸易政策考察贸易限制和新保护主义的原因和效果。国际贸易理论和政策是国际经济学的微观方面,因为他们把国家看作基本单位,并研究单个商品的(相对)价格。 4、什么是外汇交易市场及国际收支平衡表?调节国际收支平衡意味着什么?为什么说他们是国际经济学的宏观方面?什么是宏观开放经济学及国际金融?外汇交易市场描述一国货币与他国货币交换的框架,国际收支平衡表测度了一国与外部世界交易的总收入与总支出的情况。调节国际收支平衡意味着调节一国与外部世界交易出现的不均衡(赤字或盈余);由于国际收支平衡表涉及总收入和总支出,调节政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数,因而他们是国际经济学的宏观方面;外汇交易及国际收支平衡调节涉及总收入和总支出,调整政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数,这些内容被称为宏观开放经济学或国际金融。 5、浏览报刊并做下列题目:(1)找出5条有关国际经济学的新闻(2)每条新闻对中国经济的重要性或影响(3)每条新闻对你个人有何影响 A (1) 国际金融危机: 影响中国整体经济,降低出口、增加失业、经济减速等 (2) 美国大选:影响中美未来经济政治关系 (3) 石油价格持续下跌:影响中国的能源价格及相关产业 (4) 可口可乐收购汇源被商务部否决:《反垄断法》的第一次实施,加强经济法治 (5) 各国政府经济刺激方案:对中国经济产生外部性效应B 以上5条新闻对个人影响为:影响个人消费水平和就业前景 第二章比较优势理论 1、重商主义者的贸易观点如何?他们的国家财富概念与现在有何不同?重商主义者主张政府应当竭尽所能孤立出口,不主张甚至限制商品(尤其是奢侈类消费品)。重商主义者认为国家富强的方法是尽量使出口大于进口,而出超的结果是金银等贵重金属流入,而一个国家拥有越多的金银,就越富有越强大。现在认为一个国家生产力即生产商品的能力越高则一国越富强 2、亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础和贸易模式分别是什么?贸易所得是如何产生的?斯密倡导什么样的国际贸易基础?他认为政府在经济生活中的适当功能是什么?亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础是绝对优势;贸易模式为两国通过专门生产自己有绝对优势的产品并用其中一部分来交换器有绝对劣势的商品。通过生产绝对优势商品并交换,资源可以被最有效的使用,而且两种商品的产出会有很大的增长,通过交换就会消费比以前更多的商品从而产生了贸易所得;斯密倡导自由贸易,主张自由放任也就是政府尽可能少干涉经济

国际经济学题库

International Economics, 8e (Krugman) Chapter 14 Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates 14.1 Money Defined: A Brief Review 1) The exchange rate between currencies depends on A) the interest rate that can be earned on deposits of those currencies. B) the interest rate that can be earned on deposits of those currencies and the expected future exchange rate. C) the expected future exchange rate. D) national output. E) None of the above. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition 2) Money serves as A) a medium of exchange. B) a unit of account. C) a store of value. D) All of the above. E) Only A and B. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition 3) Money includes A) currency. B) checking deposits held by households and firms. C) deposits in the foreign exchange markets. D) Both A and B. E) A, B, and C. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition 4) In the United States at the end of 2006, the total money supply, M1, amounted to approximately A) 10 percent of that year's GNP. B) 20 percent of that year's GNP. C) 30 percent of that year's GNP. D) 40 percent of that year's GNP. E) 50 percent of that year's GNP. Answer: A Question Status: Previous Edition 5) What are the main functions of money? Answer: Money serves in general three important functions: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; and a store of value. As a medium of exchange, money avoids going back to a barter economy, with the enormous search costs connected with it. As a unit of account, the use of money economizes on the number of prices an individual faces. Consider an economy with N goods, then one needs only (N - 1) prices. As a store of value, the use of money in general ensures that you can transfer wealth between periods. Question Status: Previous Edition

国际经济学练习题

绪论 一、单项选择题 1.国际经济学产生与发展的客观基础是() A.国际经济活动范围不断扩大B.国际经济关系日益复杂 C.跨越国界的经济活动不断增长D.国与国之间经济联系密切 2.国际经济学的研究对象() A.国际经济活动B.国际经济关系 C.世界范围内的资源配置D.国际经济活动与国际经济关系 3.国际经济学产生的时间() A.20世纪60年代 B.20世纪50年代 C.20世纪40年代 D.20世纪70年代 二、判断改错题 1.国际经济学产生与发展的理论基础是国际贸易理论。() 2.国际经济学是西方经济学的重要组成部分。() 3.国际经济学的微观部分主要讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。() 4.国际金融理论与政策是站在单个国家角度来研究金融问题的。() 绪论 一、单项选择题 1.C 2.D 3.A 二、判断改错题 1.×。将“国际贸易理论”改为“国际贸易理论与国际金融理论”。 2.×。国际经济学是从西方经济学中独立出来的一门系统科学。 3.√。 4.×。国际金融理论与政策是独立于个别国家之外来研究所有国家参与国际金融市场的问题。 第二章古典国际贸易理论 一、单项选择题 1.主张对外贸易顺差,并将金银视为财富的唯一形式的理论是()A.比较优势理论B.贸易差额理论C.要素禀赋理论D.相互需求理论2.贸易差额论的政策主张中对发展中国家制定贸易政策有借鉴意义的是()A.发展本国工业B.发展本国航运业C.追求贸易顺差 D.对外贸易垄断3.最早对重商主义提出质疑的英国学者是() A.约翰·穆勒 B.亚当·斯密C.大卫·李嘉图D.大卫·休谟

4.甲国使用同样数量资源比乙国能生产更多的X,则乙国在X生产上具有()A.绝对优势B.比较劣势C.绝对劣势D.比较优势 5.甲国生产单位布和小麦分别需要6天和9天,乙国为10天和12天,根据比较优势理论() A.乙国进口小麦B.甲国出口布C.乙国出口布D.甲国出口小麦6.比较优势理论的提出者是() A.约翰·穆勒B.大卫·李嘉图C.亚当·斯密 D.李斯特 7.被称为西方国际贸易理论基石的是() A.贸易差额理论B.绝对优势理论C.比较优势理论 D.相互需求理论8.比较优势理论认为国际贸易产生的主要原因是() A.劳动生产率的相对差异B.技术水平差异 C.需求强度差异D.商品价格差异9.律师打字速度是打字员的两倍却雇佣打字员打字,以下表述错误的是()A.律师在打字上具有绝对优势B.律师在律师咨询上具有比较优势 C.打字员在打字上具有比较优势D.打字员在打字上具有绝对优势 10.按照比较优势理论,大量贸易应发生在() A.发达国家之间 B.发展中国家之间 C.发达国家与发展中国家之间D.需求相似国家之间 二、判断改错题 1.贸易差额论虽然产生时间很早,但并不是严格意义上的国际贸易理论。()2.贸易差额理论的奖出限入政策是针对所有产品而言的。() 3.贸易差额理论是第一个自由贸易理论。() 4.绝对优势理论分析的是国际贸易实践中的一个特例。() 5.具有绝对优势的产品不一定具有比较优势。() 6.根据绝对优势理论,一国两种产品都处于绝对劣势时仍可以参与互利贸易。()7.比较优势理论认为从理论上说所有国家都可以参与互利贸易。() 8.根据比较优势理论,只有当一国生产率达到足够高时,它才能从自由贸易中获益。 () 9.如果贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间,贸易后国际市场价格更接近于小国封闭条件下的国内市场价格。() 三、名词解释 1.绝对优势2.比较优势 四、简答题 1.简述绝对优势理论主要内容。 2.简述比较优势理论主要内容。

第十一章 国际劳动流动及其经济效应

第十一章国际劳动流动及其经济效应 国际间劳动力的流动是十分复杂的问题。美国著名经济学家巴格瓦蒂(J. N. Bhagwati)认为,在商品、资本和劳动力三者的国际流动中,劳动力的国际流动是最困难的,特别是大规模的劳动力流动,如移民。总的来说,劳动力的国际流动是多种因素作用的结果,但是主要还是经济因素。因而,我们这里主要从经济角度分析国际间劳动力流动的原因和效果。 第一节国际劳动流动的一般分析模型 给出如下条件: (1)假定劳动力的跨国移动没有非经济因素的限制,仅仅是由收入所决定的; (2)在封闭条件下,各个国家的劳动力收入由本国劳动供给和劳动需求决定;于是,不同的国家内部将存在不同的工资水平; (3)开放以后,为追求较高的收入水平,劳动力将由收入较低的地区流向收入较高的地区; (4)在其他条件保持不变的情况下,这种移民的流动将一直持续下去,直到各个国家的工资水平达到趋同。 (5)从福利角度讲,劳动移入国将获得较廉价的劳动,从而扩大其生产规模;劳动移出国则获得移民的工资汇款;对于移民来说,他们将获得更高的工资水平。 则根据上述这些条件,我们假定:世界上只有两个国家:一是劳动输出国(B 国),一是劳动输入国(A国)。劳动力从输出国进入输入国会引起两国劳动市场上劳动供求均衡发生变化,从而劳动力的价格或工资也随之发生变化并导致一种新的劳动供求均衡的形成。我们可用下图对此加以描述。 W W W m W0 W 102 (a)(b)

上图给出了两国劳动力供给变动对市场价格的影响。其中图(a)表示甲国的劳动力供求状况,图(b)表示乙国劳动力的供求变动状况。 在图(a)中,横轴表示甲国劳动力的供求数量,纵轴表示劳动力的价格,S 表示劳动力的供给曲线,D表示对劳动力需求曲线。在封闭的劳动力市场条件下,供求均衡点为A,此时均衡价格(工资)为OW0,均衡的劳力供求量为OM0。 图(b)表示乙国劳动力市场。在封闭条件下,劳动力市场的均衡点为D曲线与Sr+Sm曲线的交点A',此时均衡价格为OW'0,表示每小时工资水平,而均衡的供求量为OM'0。显然两国的工资水平有明显的差异。如果劳动力可以在各国间自由流动,那么这种工资水平上的差异很自然地成为劳动力流动的推动力。乙国的劳动力就要流向甲国,我们假设这种情况可以成为现实,那么甲国大量的劳动力流入就会引起其劳力市场上供求的不平衡。与原有的情况比,劳动力的供应显然大于需求了,这就迫使劳动力的价格下降,假设降至W m点,此时甲国原有劳动力的供应从OM0减少到OM1,在工资水平下降的情况下,需求量增加到OM2,供求之间有M1M2量的差别,这一缺口由移入的劳动力来补充。在此情况下,甲国本国的工人供应者剩余减少了a部分,而甲国的雇主或劳动力的需求者剩余增加了a+b部分。 在乙国的市场上,劳动力的移出使其国内劳动力的供应量减少了,在图(b)中,表示为劳动力的供应曲线从Sr+Sm移到S,劳力供应量的减少使国内劳力的供求发生了变化,劳力的国内供应量由原来的Om o'减少到OM1',在新的均衡价格OW m'下,乙国国内劳力的供应量由原来的OM o' 增加到OM2',但国内只需要OM1',这样就出一了解M1'M2' 的供求缺口,这一供大于求的量正好移居甲国,这一移出量又恰好等于甲国国内供不应求的数量,即M1M2=M1'M2',结果在劳动力市场开放的情况下,A国和B国的劳动力市场都达到了新的均衡状态。在B国劳动力市场上留在B 国的工人所得利益(供应者剩余)为c,移出的工人的利益d+e。 第二节国际劳动流动的原因与影响因素 要素所有者提供要素目的在于取得要素报酬(或收益)。根据劳动力追求自身收益最大化原则,国际劳动流动的根本原因就在于这种国际化流动能够实现更多的劳动所得或劳动报酬,也就是说,劳动者存在某种关于不同国家之间存在工资率差别的预期。另外,劳动流动过程中的风险、成本以及政策法规制度以及国际经济周期、国际直接投资等因素,也是影响国际劳动流动的重要因素。 一、国际工资率差异 劳动是劳动者赖以谋生的手段,劳动者总是期望自己付出的劳动能够得到更多

《国际经济学》模拟试卷(2) (2)

《国际经济学》模拟试卷(2) 一二三四五六得分统分人复核人 一、单项选择题(10小题,每小题1分,共10分):在每题中的括号内填上正确答案的序号。 1.本国生产X1、X2、X3、X4四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为1、2、4、15,外国生产这四种产品的单位劳动投入分别为15、 18、24、30,根据李嘉图模型,本国在哪种产品上拥有最大比较优势?在哪种产品上拥有最大比较劣势?() A.X4、X1 B.X3、X2 C.X1、X4D X2、X3 2.在特定要素模型中,一国经济在贸易后达到新的均衡时应满足() A.w x=P X MP LX且w y=P y MP Ly B.r x=P X MP kX且r y=P y MP ky C.w=P X MP LX=P y MP Ly D.r x=P X MP kX=P y MP ky 3.可以用来解释产业内贸易现象的理论是() A.绝对优势理论 B.比较优势理论 C.要素禀赋理论 D.规模经济理论 4.大国设置的进口关税() A.会增加该国的福利 B.会减少该国的福利 C.会使该国福利保持不变 D.上述三者都是可能的 5.贸易保护的政治经济学分析是从()的角度出发来解释现实中所存在的贸易保护现象的。 A.外部经济 B.市场不完全竞争 C.收入再分配 D.市场完全竞争 6.开放经济下,政府面临内外平衡两个目标,根据蒙代尔的“分配法则”,应该将国内平衡的任务分配给(),而将稳定国际收支的任务分配给()。 A.财政政策,货币政策 B.货币政策,财政政策 C.收入政策,货币政策 D.收入政策,财政政策 7.就国家整体而言,分配进口配额最好的方法是() A.竞争性拍卖 B.固定的受惠 C.资源使用申请程序 D.政府适时分配 8.下面不属于资本流动纯理论模型的是() A.费雪模型 B.证券组合模型 C.双缺口模型 D.麦克道格尔模型 9.()是国际收支平衡表中最基本和最重要的项目。 A.经常项目 B.资本项目 C.贸易收支 D.平衡项目 10.根据货币分析法,在固定汇率制度下,减少一国国际收支赤字的最佳方案是()。 A.货币升值 B.货币贬值 C.提高货币供给增长率 D.降低货币供给增长率 二、判断题(10小题,每小题1分,共10分):若判断正确,在小题后的括号内填上“ ”号;若判断不正确,则在小题后的括号内填上“×”号。 1.国际交换比例越接近本国的国内交换比例,本国所得的利益越少;反之,越接近对方国家的国内交换比例,本国所得的利益越多。() 2.要素禀赋是指生产某种产品所投入两种生产要素的相对比例。() 3.在商品相对价格不变的条件下,某一要素的增加会导致密集使用该种要素部门的生产增加,而另一部门的生产则下降。()4.无论是大国还是小国,是强国还是弱国,都能征收最优关税使各自的国家福利达到最大。() 5.基于有效保护率的考虑,各国的关税结构通常是从初级产品、半制成品到成品,随加工程度的深化,税率不断下降。()6.证券组合模型认为,利率差异是资本国际流动的原因和动力,而资本流动的最终结果是消除了利率差异。() 7.远期汇率高于即期汇率称为远期汇率贴水。() 8.无抛补利率平价的含义为:本国利率高于(低于)外国利率的差额等于本国货币的预期贬值(升值)幅度。()

国际经济学问题

1.经济学是研究什么的? 2.什么是理性人? 第二章经济的运行模式和GDP 1. 什么是GDP? 2. GDP由那四部分组成? 3. GDP的组成说明了什么? 4. 人均GDP说明了什么? 4. 什么是PPP? 思考题: 1. 你认为用PPP和市场汇率计算的中国的GDP,哪一种更能反映中国经济的实际情况? 2. 为什么巨无霸指数也可以用来比较各国货币的购买力水平? 第三章市场问题 1. 市场的均衡价格是怎样形成的? 2. 市场为什么可以用价格来调动资源? 3. 为什么说市场经济比计划经济有效率? 4. 竞争的市场为什么比垄断的市场有效率? 思考题: 1.为什么需求和价格是反相关的?

2.为什么供给和价格是正相关的? 第四章企业的组织模式 1. 企业有哪几种基本的组织模式? 2. 什么是有限责任制? 3. 什么是无限责任制? 4. 公司以什么组织方式来保障投资人的利益? 第五章失业、通胀和财政政策 1.失业的定义是什么? 2.经济学是从什么角度考虑失业问题的? 3.失业和GDP有什么连带关系? 4.什么是隐性失业? 5.通胀的定义的什么? 6.什么是CPI? 7.什么是PPI? 8.从CPI和PPI的变化看可以看出什么? 9.发生通胀的原因是什么? 10.什么是财政政策? 11.政府为什么可以用财政开支和税收来影响经济?第六章银行体系和货币政策

1.商业银行的主要业务是什么? 2.中央银行的职能是什么? 3.央行的货币政策工具有哪些? 4.商业银行为什么具有货币放大功能? 第七章投资学原理 1.什么是投资? 2.直接和间接投资有什么不同? 3.为什么说教育是重要的投资行为? 4.政府的那些宏观经济政策会影响投资? 5.直接和间接投资分别通过哪些方式影响宏观经济?第八章国际直接投资 1.FDI和FII分别表示什么? 2.FDI有哪两种形式? 3.FDI对资本流入国的经济会产生什么影响? 4.FDI对资本流出国的经济会产生什么影响? (上述影响包括正面的和负面的。) 第九章跨国公司 1.为什么说并购是跨国公司扩张的主要途径? 2.什么是协议收购?

社科院题库-国际经济学

1.林德重叠需求论的假设条件和主要观点。 重叠需求理论是由瑞典经济学家林德提出,其理论核心是:两国之间贸易关系的密切程度是由两国的需求结构与收入水平决定的。 重叠需求理论有两个假设条件: 1、消费者行为假设:假设在一国之内,需求受消费者的收入水平决定。不同收入阶层的消费者偏好不同,收入越高的消费者就越偏好奢侈品,收入越低的消费者就越偏好必需品,但如果消费者收入水平相同,则其偏好也相同。2、两国需求重叠的假定:厂商根据消费者的收入水平与需求结构来决定其生产方向与内容,而生产的必要条件是对其产品有效需求的存在;如果两国的平均收入水平相近,则两国的需求结构也必定相似。反之,如果两国的收入水平相差很大,则他们的需求结构也必存在显著的差异。 重叠需求理论的基本观点是,重叠需求是国际贸易产生的一个独立条件。两国之间的需求结构若是越接近,则两国之间进行贸易的基础就越雄厚。当两国的人均收入水平越接近时,则重叠需求的范围也就越大,两国重复需要的商品都有可能成为贸易品。如果各国的国民收入不断提高,则由于收入水平的提高,新的重复需要的商品便不断地出现,贸易也相应地不断扩大,贸易中的新品种就会不断地出现。所以,收入水平相似的国家,互相间的贸易关系就可能越密切;反之,如果收入水平相差悬殊,则两国之间重复需要的商品就可能很少,贸易的密切程度也就很小。 2.国际贸易比较优势理论 比较优势可以表述为:在两国之间,劳动生产率的差距并不是在任何产品上都是相等的。每个国家都应集中生产并出口具有比较优势的产品,进口具有比较劣势的产品(即“两优相权取其重,两劣相衡取其轻”),双方均可节省劳动力,获得专业化分工提高劳动生产率的好处。假设条(1)假定贸易中只有两个国家和两种商品(X与Y商品),这一个假设的目的是为了用一个二维的平面图来说明这一理论。(2)两国在生产中使用不同的技术。技术的不同导致劳动生产率的不同进而导致成本的不同。(3)模型只假定在物物交换条件下进行,没有考虑复杂的商品流通,而且假定1个单位的X产品和一个单位的Y产品等价(不过他们的生产成本不等)。(4)在两个国家中,商品与要素市场都是完全竞争的。(5)在一国内要素可以自由流动,但是在国际间不流动。(6)分工前后生产成本不变。(7)不考虑交易费用和运输费用,没有关税或影响国际贸易自由进行的其他壁垒。但是,在贸易存在的条件下,当两国的相对商品价格完全相等时,两国的生产分工才会停止比较优势理论。如果存在运输成本和关税,当两国的相对价格差小于每单位贸易商品的关税和运输成本时,两国的生产分工才会停止。(8)价值规律在市场上得到完全贯彻,自由竞争,自由贸易。(9)假定国际经济处于静态之中,不发生其他影响分工和经济变化。(10)两国资源都得到了充分利用,均不存在未被利用的资源和要素。(11)两国的贸易是平衡的,即总的进口额等于总的出口额。

10套-《国际经济学》期末试卷及答案

《国际经济学》模拟试卷(1) 一、单项选择(10小题,每小题1分,共10分):在四个备选答案中选择一个最适合的答案。 1.关于一般均衡分析的新古典模型,说法不正确的是()。 A.国际贸易理论的标准模型 B.采用2 2 1模型进行阐述 C.将技术、要素禀赋、需求偏好集于一体 D.由哈伯勒、勒纳、里昂惕夫和米德等人提出 2.国际金融理论的发展一直是围绕着()这一十分重要的问题而展开的。 A.外部平衡 B.内部平衡 C.外部平衡与内部平衡 D.规模经济 3.生产可能性曲线的假设条件有()。 A.两种生产要素的总供给都是可变的 B.生产要素可在两个部门间自由流动 C.两种生产要素没有充分利用 D.两种商品的生产技术条件是可变的 4.要素密集度可借助于()来说明。 A.社会无差异曲线 B.需求曲线 C.等产量曲线 D.供给曲线 5.国际贸易会()贸易国出口部门特定要素的实际收入。 A.提高 B.降低 C.不影响 D.可能影响 6.在产品生命周期的产品成熟阶段,产品属于()。 A.研究与开发密集型 B.资本密集型 C.劳动密集型 D.土地密集型

7.属于国际收支账户中服务项目的有()。 A.证券投资 B.商品修理 C.计算机和信息服务 D.非货币黄金 8.购买力平价论(the theory of purchasing power parity),简称PPP理论,是()在其1922年出版的《1914年以后的货币与外汇》(money and foreign exchange after 1914)中第一次系统阐述的。 A.勒纳 B.卡塞尔 C.凯恩斯 D.多恩布什 9.假设某国的边际消费倾向为0.80,边际进口倾向为0.30,试问该国的对外贸易乘数是()。 A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 10.假设即期汇率l英镑=2美元,在欧洲市场美元一年期的利率为15%,英镑为10%,求一年后的远期汇率1英镑等于()美元。 A.2.091 B.2 C.1.913 D.3 二、判断题(10小题,每小题1分,共10分):若判断正确,在小题后的括号内填上“√”号;若判断不正确,则在小题后的括号内填上“×”号。 1.相对国内经济而言,在国际经济中市场机制不容易得到贯彻。() 2.在机会成本不变条件下,两国生产中存在着不完全分工(incomplete specialization)。 () 3.李嘉图的比较优势学说比斯密的绝对优势学说更具有普遍的意义。() 4.要素禀赋是一个相对的概念,与一国所拥有的生产要素绝对数量无关。() 5.劳动在短期内是属于一种特定要素。() 6.产业内贸易反映比较优势。() 7.费雪模型证明,资本是从利率较低的国家流向利率较高的国家,即资本的流动是单向的,结果是各国的利率差消失。这种分析是以不存在风险为前提的。() 8.汇率超调模型在长期强调商品市场的价格粘性。() 9.国际收支的弹性分析法是一种一般均衡分析。() 10.在浮动汇率制度下,如果资本具有完全的流动性,通过财政政策刺激总需求不会实现影响均衡产量或均衡收入的目的。()

国际经济学复习课后答案

第一章练习与答案 1.为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格? 答:经济主体的经济行为考虑的是所有商品的价格,而不是单一价格因素。 3.在只有两种商品的情况下,当一个商品达到均衡时,另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡?试解释原因。 答案:是 4.如果生产可能性边界是一条直线,试确定过剩供给(或需求)曲线。 答案提示: 5.如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线(B国)和过剩需求曲线(A国)来确定国际均衡价格,那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致? 答案提示:不一定一致,x商品的价格是Px/Py,而y商品的价格是Py/Px. 7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间,那么贸易后,国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平? 答案提示:贸易后,国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。 8.根据上一题的答案,你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些? 答案提示:小国。 第二章答案 1.根据下面两个表中的数据,确定(1)贸易前的相对价格;(2)比较优势型态。 表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入

A B X Y 6 2 15 12 表2 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 10 4 5 5 答案提示:首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率,然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。(表2-2(a)和表2-2(b)部分的内容) 2.假设A、B两国的生产技术条件如下所示,那么两国还有进行贸易的动机吗?解释原因。 表3 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 4 2 8 4 答案提示:从绝对优势来看,两国当中A国在两种产品中都有绝对优势;从比较优势来看,两国不存在相对技术差异。所以,两国没有进行国际贸易的动机。 3.如果一国在某一商品上具有绝对优势,那么也必具有比较优势吗? 答案提示:不一定,比较优势的确定原则是两优取最优,两劣取最劣。

国际经济学习题及参考答案

国际经济学作业 一、名词解释 幼稚产业:所谓幼稚产业是指某一产业处于发展初期,基础和竞争力薄弱但经过适度保护能够发展成为具有潜在比较优势的新兴产业。 倾销:是指一国(地区)的生产商或出口商以低于其国内市场价格或低于成本价格将其商品抛售到另一国(地区)市场的行为。 提供曲线:也称相互需求曲线,是由马歇尔和艾奇沃斯提出的,它表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品,必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品,因此提供曲线即对应某一进口量愿意提供的出口量的轨迹。两个国家的提供曲线的交汇点所决定的价格,就是国际商品交换价格(交换比率)。 国际收支:国际收支分为狭义的国际收支和广义的国际收支。狭义的国际收支指一个国家或地区与世界其他国家或地区之间由于贸易、非贸易和资本往来而引起的国际间资金收支流动的行为。包括两种具体形式:直接的货币收支和以货币表示的资产的转移。反映了以货币为媒介的国际间的债权、债务关系。广义的国际收支为系统记载的、在特定时期内(通常为一年)一个国家或经济体的居民与世界其他地方居民的全部各项经济交易,不仅包括外汇收支的国际借贷关系,还包括一定时期全部经济交易与往来。 二、简答题 试画出出口贫困化增长的图形并作出分析 答:出口贫困化增长,是指某国的传统出口产品的出口规模极大地增长,但结果不仅使该国的贸易条件严重恶化,而且该国的国民福利水平也出现下降,这种现象一般出现在发展中国家。

贸易条件变化前,该国生产均衡点为A,消费点为C;由于该国传统出口产品X 的出口规模极大增长,使得该国贸易条件恶化,此时,生产点变为A’,消费点变为C’。由图中的无差异曲线可以看出,该国贸易条件的变化使得它的福利水平低于增长前。这种情形就成为“出口贫困化增长”。 产生出口贫困化增长的原因主要有:(1)该国在该种出口产品的出口量中占到相当大的比重,这样,当其出口大幅度增加时,会导致世界市场上出现供大于求的情况,导致价格大幅下跌。(2)该种产品的需求国的需求弹性很低,当产品价格降低时,需求是并不会相应大幅增长。(3)该国经济结构十分单一,依赖该种产品的出口来促进经济的发展,因此在贸易条件恶化的时候也不能压缩出口,而是进一步扩大出口量从而保持一定的出口收入。 试说明国际贸易中要素密集度逆转的情况 答:这是解释列昂惕夫反论的观点之一,它认为,某种商品在资本丰富的国家属于资本密集型产品,而在劳动力相对丰富的国家则属于劳动密集型产品,如小麦在非洲是劳动密集生产过程的产品,而在美国则是资本密集型的产品,也就是大机器和高效化肥生产的产品。所以,同一种产品是劳动密集型产品还是资本密集型产品并没有绝对的界限。在国外属于劳动密集型的产品,也有可能在国内属于资本密集型的产品。 即如果两种要素在行业间的替代弹性差异很大,以至于两种等产量曲线相交两次,那么,可能产生生产要素密集度逆转的现象。即一种产品在A国是劳动密集型产品在B国是资本密集型产品。可能就无法根据H-O的模式预测贸易模式了。

国际经济学重点1~11章

国际经济学重点1~11章 第一章国际贸易理论的微观基础 第二节国际贸易理论的基本分析方法与模型框架 1、生产可能性边界与供给(形状、递增原因、含义) 1)含义:表示在一定的技术条件下,一国的全部资源所能产生的各种物品或劳务的最有产量组合。2)模型:两种产品——X、Y; 两种生产要素——资本K、劳动L 3)递增原因: 2、机会成本: 1)含义:机会成本是指为生产一单位的某一产品所必须放弃的其他产品的生产数量 2)表达式:-△dY/△dX 3)解释: A)生产可能性边界向外凸:生产点由a向b运动时,对应切线斜率绝对值不断上升,即随着X的生产量的增加,其机会成本是递增的。 B)生产可能性边界是一条直线:机会成本不变。生产X和Y的两个部门采用的生产要素组合比例完全相同,一个部门所释放出的自焚和劳动,正好可以被另个部门完全吸收,在规模收益不变的条件下,两个部门的生产减少或增加都是固定不变的。 3、社会无差异曲线 1)含义:能为消费者带来相同效用满足的不同商品组合的连线 2)性质:无数条无差异曲线、离原点越远,效用水平越大、不相交、凸向原点、负斜率 3)用途: a) 确定一国的均衡消费点:均衡消费点为无差异曲线和预算线的切点 b) 从规范分析的角度看,社会无差异曲线可以衡量整个社会的福利。曲线越高,福利越高。 4、封闭条件下的一般均衡 1)条件:生产均衡、消费均衡、市场出清 2)消费均衡点唯一:生产可能性边界与无差异曲线相切。切点处生产者利润达到最大化,机会成本等于相对价格;消费者效用最大化,边际替代率等于相对价格;生产点与消费点重合,生产等于消费,市场出清。 3)国民供给曲线与国民需求曲线 A)含义:分别为一国某一商品对应于其相对价格的供给与需求 B)推导:P21 C)国民供给曲线与国民需求曲线的交点决定了封闭条件下的均衡产量、消费水平以及相对价格 5、开放条件下的一般均衡 1)条件:生产均衡、消费均衡、贸易平衡 2)国际均衡价格为过剩供给曲线与过剩需求曲线的交点。 第三节国际贸易的起因 1、起因: 1)生产技术差异

国际经济学模拟题

《国际经济学》模拟题 一、单项选择题 1.在下列投资方式中,届国际直接投资的是( ) A.购买外国政府债券 B.购买外国企业债券 C.向外国企业提供商业贷款 D.在国外开设合资企业 2.国际货币基金组织成立于( ) A.1944年 B.1945年 C.1946年 D.1917年 3.在以下货币中,不包括在特别提款权篮子中的货币是( ) A.英镑 B.美元 C.瑞士法郎区 D.日元 4.引发1982年发展中国家债务危机的国家是( ) A.墨西哥 B.委内瑞拉 C.泰国 D.波兰 5.蒙代尔等人提出的国际收支的货币调整洁是以下述哪一种理论为基础( ) A.价格——铸币流动机制理论 B.利息平价理论 C.资产选择理论 D.理性预期理论 6.赫克歇尔一俄林模型认为国际贸易的根本原因是( ) A.各国生产要素禀赋不同 B.各国劳动生产率不同 C.各国技术水平不同以 D.各国产品技术含量不同 7.国际收支统计的记帐方法是( ) A.借贷记帐法 B.复式簿记法 C.收付记帐法 D.流水帐 8.出口商以占领市场为目的,以低于本国市场的价格持续地向国外市场销售商品,这种倾销称为( ) A.掠夺性倾销 B.间歇性倾销 C.持续性倾销 D.进攻性倾销 9.从十五世纪初到十八世纪中叶,在国际贸易和国际投资理论方面占主导地位的是( ) A.重商主义B.重农主义C.重金主义D.自由放任主义 10.绝对技术差异论的提出者是( ) A.斯密B.李嘉图C.奥林D.魁奈 11.消费者对差异产品的追求与现代化大生产追求规模经济相互矛盾,其解决途径是( ) A、国际投资 B、国际技术转让 C、国际融资 D、国际贸易 12国际贸易不仅使商品价格均等化,还使生产要素价格均等化和要素技术密集度均等化。在诸种均中为主导力量的是( ) A、生产要素价格均等化 B、要素技术密集度均等化 C、商品价格均等化 D、工资率均等化 13、提出雁形模式的动态贸易理论的经济学家是( ) A、弗农 B、赤松要 C、小岛清 D、俄林 14、就国家整体而言,分配进口配额最好的方法是( ) A、竞争性拍卖 B、固定的受惠 C、资源使用申请程序 D、政府适时分配 15、当一国政府对某种产品征收进口关税时,若该产品的需求弹性大于供给弹性,生产者与消费者承担关税的程度是( ) A、前者大于后者 B、后者大于前者 C、两者相等 D、不确定 16、不是成熟的国际经济一体化组织的是( ) A、欧洲联盟 B、亚欧经济合作 C、美加自由贸易区 D、东南亚国家联盟 17多数国际卡特尔组织难以长久存在的主要原因是它们难以( ) A、制定垄断价格 B、维持垄断价格 C、控制生产成本 D、控制销售成本 18、甲乙两国货币的实际汇率由名义汇率以及( )共同决定。

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档