课后题答案.doc
第六章
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第10章
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计算机专业英语+单词+部分习题计算机专业英语（2008影印版）高等教育出版社
共10页
KEY TERMS
第一单元
application software应用软件
basic application基本应用软件
communication device通信设备
compact disc (CD)光盘
computer competency计算机能力
Connectivity连通性
Data数据
database file数据库文件
desktop computer台式计算机
device driver磁盘驱动程序
digital versatile disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘
digital video disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘
document file文档文件
end user终端用户
floppy disk软盘
handheld computer手持计算机
hard disk硬盘
Hardware硬件
High definition高清
Information信息
information system信息系统
information technology信息技术
input device输入设备
Internet因特网
Keyboard键盘
mainframe computer大型机
Memory内存
Microcomputer微型机
Microprocessor微处理器
midrange computer中型机
Minicomputer小型计算机
Modem调制解调器
Monitor监视器
Mouse鼠标
Network网络
notebook computer笔记本电脑
operating system操作系统
optical disk光盘
output device输出设备
palm computer掌上电脑
People
personal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file演示文稿
primary storage主存
Printer打印机
Procedure规程
Program程序
random access memory随机存储器secondary storage device辅存
Software软件
specialized application专门应用软件Supercomputer巨型机
system software系统软件
system unit系统单元
tablet PC平板电脑
Utility实用程序
wireless revolution无线革命
worksheet file工作表
第三单元
analytical graph分析图
application software应用软件
Autocontent Wizard内容提示向导
basic applications基础应用软件
bulleted list项目符号列表
business suite商业套装软件
Button按键
Cell单元格
character effect字效
Chart图表
Column列
Computer trainer计算机培训员
Contextual tab上下文标签
Database数据库
database management system (DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager数据库管理员
Design template设计模板
dialog box对话框
Document文件
Editing编辑
Field字段
find and replace查找和替换
Font字体
font size字号
Form窗体
Format格式
Formula公式
Function函数
Galleries图库
grammar checker语法检查器
graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面
home software家庭软件
home suite家庭套装软件
Icons图标
integrated package集成组件
Label标签
master slide母板
Menu菜单
menu bar菜单栏
numbered list编号列表
numeric entry数值型输入
personal software个人软件
personal suite个人套装软件
Pointer指针
presentation graphic图形演示文稿
productivity suite生产力套装软件
Query查询
Range范围
Recalculation重算
Record记录
relational database关系型数据
Report报表
Ribbons功能区、格式栏
Row行
Sheet工作表
Slide幻灯片
software suite软件套装
Sort排序
specialized applications专用应用程序specialized suite专用套装软件
speech recognition语音识别
spelling checker拼写检查器
spreadsheet电子表格
system software系统软件
Table表格
text entry文本输入
Thesaurus[θis?:r?s]分类词汇集
Toolbar工具栏
user interface用户界面
utility suite实用套装软件
what-if analysis变化分析
Window窗口
word processor文字处理软件
word wrap字回行
workbook file工作簿
Worksheet工作表
第四单元
Animation动画
artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
artificial reality虚拟现实
audio editing software音频编辑软件
bitmap image位图
Blog博客
Buttons按键
clip art剪辑图
Desktop publisher桌面发布
desktop publishing program桌面印刷系统软件drawing program绘图程序
expert systems专家系统
Flash动画
fuzzy logic模糊逻辑
graphical map框图
graphics suite集成图
HTML editors HTML编辑器
illustration program绘图程序
Image editors图像编辑器
image gallery图库
immersive experience沉浸式体验
industrial robots工业机器人
Interactivity交互性
knowledge bases知识库
knowledge-based system知识库系统
Link链接
mobile robot移动式遥控装置
Morphing渐变
Multimedia多媒体
multimedia authoring programs多媒体编辑程序
page layout program页面布局程序
perception systems robot感知系统机器人
Photo editors图像编辑器
Pixel[piks?l]像素
raster image光栅图像
Robot机器人
Robotics机器人学
stock photographs照片库
story boards故事版
Vector[vekt?]矢量
vector illustration矢量图
vector image矢量图象
video editing software视频编辑软件
virtual environments虚拟环境
virtual reality虚拟现实
virtual reality modeling language (VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall虚拟现实墙
VR虚拟现实
Web authoring网络编程
Web authoring program网络编辑程序
Web log网络日志
Web page editor网页编辑器
Add Printer Wizard添加打印机向导Antivirus program反病毒程序
Backup备份
backup program备份程序
Booting启动、引导
cold boot冷启动
computer support specialist计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets仪表盘
Desktop桌面
desktop operating system桌面操作系统device driver磁盘驱动程序
diagnostic program诊断程序
dialog box对话框
Disk Cleanup磁盘清理
Disk Defragmenter磁盘碎片整理器
Driver驱动器
embedded operating systems嵌入式操作系统File文件
file compression program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹
Fragmented碎片化
graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助
Icon图标
language translator语言编译器
leopard[lep?d]雪豹操作系统
Linux
Mac OS Mac操作系统
Mac OS X
Menu菜单
Multitasking多任务处理
network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server网络服务器
One Button Checkup一键修复
operating system操作系统
Platform平台
Pointer指针
Sectors[sekt?]扇区
software environment软件环境
Spotlight聚光灯
stand-alone operating system独立操作系统system software系统软件
Tiger老虎操作系统
troubleshooting program故障检修程序
Uninstall program卸载程序
UNIX
user interface用户界面
Utility实用程序
utility suite实用套装软件
Virus[vai?r?s]病毒
warm boot热启动
Window视窗
Windows视窗操作系统
Windows Update Windows更新
Windows Vista
Windows XP
第六单元
AC adapter 交流适配器
Accelerated graphics port(AGP):图形加速端口
Arithmetic-logic unit（ALU）:算术逻辑单元
Arithmetic operation:算术运算
ASCII美国标准信息交换码
Binary coding schemes:二进制编码制
Bit:位
Bus:总线
Bus line:总线
Byte:字节
Cable:电缆
Cache memory:高速缓存
carrier package 封装物
Central processing unit (CPU):中央处理器
Chip:芯片
Clock speed时钟速度
Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor:互补金属氧化物半导体Computer technician计算机工程师
Control unit:控制单元
Coprocessor协处理器
Desktop system unit:桌面系统单元
Digital数字的
Dual-core chips双核芯片
EBCDIC:扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码
Expansion bus扩展总线
Expansion card扩展卡
Expansion slot扩展槽
FireWire port:火线接口
Flash memory闪存
Graphics card图形适配卡
Graphics coprocessor图形协处理器
Handheld computer system unit 手持计算机系统单元Industry standard architecture（ISA）工业标准结构Infrared Data Association（IrDA）红外线传输模组Integrated circuit:集成电路
Laptop computer膝式计算机
Logical operation逻辑运算
Microprocessor:微处理器
Motherboard:主板
Musical instrument digital interface（MIDI）乐器数字接口Network adapter card网络适配卡
Network interface card（NIC）网络接口卡
Notebook system unit:笔记本
Parallel ports:并行端口
Parallel processing并行处理
Pc card: :个人计算机插卡
PCI Express（PCIe）
Peripheral component interconnect (PCI):外围部件互联Personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理
Plug and play:即插即用
Port:端口
Power supply unit 供电设备
Processor:处理器
RAM cache: RAM高速缓存
Random-access memory (RAM):随机存储器
Read-only memory (ROM):只读存储器
RFID tag射频识别标签
Semiconductor:半导体
serial ATA（SATA）串行A TA接口规范
Serial ports:串行端口
Silicon chip:硅芯片
Slot:插槽
Smart card:智能卡
sound card声卡
System board:系统板
System cabinet:主机
System clock:系统时钟
System unit:系统单元
tablet PC平板式电脑
tablet PC system unit平板式电脑系统单元
TV tuner card:电视调频卡
Unicode:统一字符编码标准
Universal serial bus (USB):通用串行总线Universal serial bus (USB) port:通用串行总线端口Virtual memory:虚拟存储器
Word:字
第七单元
active-matrix monitor有源矩阵显示器
bar code条形码
bar code reader条形码阅读器
cathode ray tube monitor (CRT)阴极射线管显示器Clarity清晰度
combination key组合键
cordless mouse无线鼠标
data projector数据投影仪
digital camera数码照相机
Digital media player数字媒体播放器
Digital music player数码音乐播放器
digital video camera数码影像摄录机
dot pitch点距
dot-matrix printer针式打印机
dots-per-inch (dpi)点每英寸
dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器
dumb terminal哑终端
e-book电子图书阅读器
ergonomic keyboard人体工程学键盘
Fax machine传真机
flat-panel monitor平面显示器
Flatbed scanner平板扫描仪
flexible keyboard可变形键盘
handwriting recognition software手写识别软件Headphones耳机
high-definition television (HDTV)高清电视
ink-jet printer喷墨打印机
intelligent terminal智能终端
Internet telephone网络电话
Internet telephony网络电话
IP Telephony IP电话
Joystick游戏杆
Keyboard键盘
laser printer激光打印机
light pen光笔
Liquid crystal display（LCD）液晶显示器
Magnetic card reader磁卡阅读器
magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)磁性墨水字符识别mechanical mouse机械鼠标
Monitor显示器
Mouse鼠标
mouse pointer鼠标指针
multifunction device (MFD)多功能设备
network terminal网络终端
numeric keypad数字小键盘
optical-character recognition (OCR)光学字符识别
optical-mark recognition (OMR)光学标记识别
optical mouse光电鼠标
Optical scanner光电扫描仪
passive-matrix monitor无源矩阵显示器
PDA keyboard PDA键盘
personal laser printer个人激光打印机
photo printer照片打印机
picture elements 有效像素
Pixel像素
Pixel pitch像素间距
platform scanner平版式扫描仪
Plotter绘图仪
pointing stick触控点
portable printer便携式打印机
portable scanner便携式扫描仪
Printer打印机
Radio frequency card reader射频卡阅读器
Radio frequency identification（RFID）射频识别
refresh rate刷新率
Resolution分辨率
roller ball滚动球
shared laser printer共享激光打印机
Speakers扬声器
Stylus[stail?s]输入笔
Technical writer技术文档编写员
telephony[tilef?ni]电话
Terminal终端
thermal printer[θ?:m?l]热敏打印机
thin client瘦客户端
thin film transistor monitor (TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器
toggle key[t?ɡl]切换键
touch pad触控板
touch screen触摸屏
Trackball轨迹球
traditional keyboard传统键盘
Universal Product Code (UPC)同一产品编码
voice-over IP (VoIP)网络电话
voice recognition system语音识别系统
wand reader棒式阅读器
WebCam摄像头
wheel button滚动键
wireless keyboard无线键盘
wireless mouse无线鼠标
第八单元
access speed存取速度
Blu-Ray（BD）蓝光
Capacity容量
CD (compact disc)光盘
CD-R (CD-recordable)可录式CD
CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory)光盘库
CD-RW (compact disc rewritable)可重写CD
Cylinder[silind?]柱面
Density密度
direct access直接存取
disk caching磁盘缓存
DVD(digital versatile disc or digital video disc)
DVD player DVD播放器
DVD- R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD
DVD +R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD
DVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM(DVD random-read-only memory)DVD只读存储器DVD-ROM jukebox
DVD-RW (DVD rewritable)可重写DVD
Enterprise storage system企业存储系统
erasable optical disk可擦光盘
file compression文件压缩
file decompression文件解压缩
File server文件服务器
flash memory card闪存卡
floppy disk软盘
Floppy disk cartridge软盘盒
floppy disk drive (FDD)软磁盘驱动器
hard disk硬盘
hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒
hard-disk pack硬盘组
HD DVD(high-definition DVD)高清DVD
head crash磁头碰撞
Hi def(high definition)高清
high capacity disk高容量磁盘
internal hard disk内置硬盘
Internet hard drive网络硬盘驱动器
Label标签
Land平地
magnetic tape磁带
magnetic tape reel磁带盒
magnetic tape streamer磁带条
Media多媒体
optical disk光盘
optical disk drive光盘驱动器
Organizational Internet storage组织性网络存储
PC Card hard disk PC卡硬盘
Pit坑
primary storage主存
RAID system磁碟阵列系统
Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列secondary storage辅存
Sector扇区
sequential access顺序存取
Shutter滑盖
Software engineer软件工程师
solid-state storage固态存储器
storage devices存储装置
tape cartridge盒式带
Track轨道
USB drive USB驱动器
write-protection notch写入保护缺口
第九单元
3G cellular network
analog signal 模拟信号
asymmetric digital subscriber（ADSL）非对称数字用户线路Backbone中枢
Bandwidth带宽
base station基址
bits per second位/秒
Bluetooth 蓝牙
Broadband宽带
broadcast radio无线广播
Bus总线
bus network总线网络
cable modem电缆调制解调器
cellular service无线服务
Client 客户
client/server network system客户/服务网络系统coaxial cable同轴电缆
communication channel 信道
communication system 通信系统
computer network计算机网络
Connectivity连通性
Demodulation 解调
dial-up service拨号服务
digital signal数字信号
digital subscriber line (DSL)数字用户线路distributed data processing分布式数据处理系统distributed processing分布处理
domain name server (DNS)域名服务
Ethernet以太网
external modem外置调制解调器
Extranet外联网
fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆
Firewall防火墙
global positioning system (GPS)全球卫星定位系统hierarchical network树型网络
home network家庭网络
host computer主机
Hub集线器
Infrared红外线
internal modem 内置式调制解调器
Intranet内联网
IP address (Internet Protocol address)IP地址local area network (LAN)局域网
low bandwidth低频带宽
medium band 中频波段
metropolitan area network (MAN) 城域网Microwave微波
Modem调制解调器
Modulation调制
network administrator网络管理员
network architecture网络体系结构
network gateway 网关
network hub 网络集线器
network interface card (NIC)网络接口卡
network operating system (NOS)网络操作系统
Node 节点
Packet 数据包
PC card modem PC卡调制解调器
peer-to-peer network system 对等网络系统
Polling 轮流检测
Protocol协议
proxy server代理服务器
ring network环型网络
Satellite卫星
satellite/air connection service卫星互连服务
Server服务器
star network 星型网络
Strategy策略
T1, T2, T3, T4 lines
telephone line电话线
terminal network 终端网络
time-sharing system并发式系统
Topology拓扑结构
transfer rate传输率
TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)
传输控制协议/因特网协议
voiceband声音带宽
wide area network (W AN)广域网
Wi-FI (wireless fidelity)无限保真
wireless LAN (WLAN)无线局域网
wireless modem无线调制解调器
wireless receiver无线接收器
课后习题答案：
Ch1: Ch6:
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Ch3: Ch7:
dcbdd,abccb; jachbdiegf. Ababd,adcdb; iefjabgdch.
Ch4: Ch8:
aaaba,bcbab; igdecfhbja. dacac,acddc; gajidbhcfe.
Ch5: Ch9:
cdcaa,cbbac; gdfbghaeic. abadc,dbbbd; gbaidecjhf.
中英文对照的ERP专业词汇介绍:B2C、B2B、ASP、APS、BOM、C/S、CAD、CAM、CPC、EDI、GUI、ISO、MIS、PM、SCM、SQL、TQM、line item、planned capacity、rated capacity、
virtual warehouse……
1 ABM Activity-based Management 基于作业活动管理
2 AO Application Outsourcing 应用程序外包
3 APICS American Production and Inventory Control Society,Inc 美国生产与库存管理协会
4 APICS Applied Manufacturing Education Series 实用制造管理系列培训教材
5 APO Advanced Planning and Optimization 先进计划及优化技术
6 APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling 高级计划与排程技术
7 ASP Application Service/Software Provider 应用服务/软件供应商
8 ATO Assemble To Order 定货组装
9 ATP Available To Promise 可供销售量(可签约量)
10 B2B Business to Business 企业对企业(电子商务)
11 B2C Business to Consumer 企业对消费者(电子商务)
12 B2G Business to Government 企业对政府(电子商务)
13 B2R Business to Retailer 企业对经销商(电子商务)
14 BIS Business Intelligence System 商业智能系统
15 BOM Bill Of Materials 物料清单
16 BOR Bill Of Resource 资源清单
17 BPR Business Process Reengineering 业务/企业流程重组
18 BPM Business Process Management 业务/企业流程管理
19 BPS Business Process Standard 业务/企业流程标准
20 C/S Client/Server(C/S)\Browser/Server(B/S) 客户机/服务器\浏览器/服务器
21 CAD Computer-Aided Design 计算机辅助设计
22 CAID Computer-Aided Industrial Design 计算机辅助工艺设计
23 CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造
24 CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning 计算机辅助工艺设计
25 CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineering 计算机辅助软件工程
26 CC Collaborative Commerce 协同商务
27 CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System 计算机集成制造系统
28 CMM Capability Maturity Model 能力成熟度模型
29 COMMS Customer Oriented Manufacturing Management System 面向客户制造管理系统
30 CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture 通用对象请求代理结构
31 CPC Collaborative Product Commerce 协同产品商务
32 CPIM Certified Production and Inventory Management 生产与库存管理认证资格
33 CPM Critical Path Method 关键线路法
34 CRM Customer Relationship Management 客户关系管理35 CRP capacity requirements planning 能力需求计划
36 CTI Computer Telephony Integration 电脑电话集成(呼叫中心)
37 CTP Capable to Promise 可承诺的能力
38 DCOM Distributed Component Object Model 分布式组件对象模型
39 DCS Distributed Control System 分布式控制系统
40 DMRP Distributed MRP 分布式MRP
41 DRP Distribution Resource Planning 分销资源计划
42 DSS Decision Support System 决策支持系统
43 DTF Demand Time Fence 需求时界
44 DTP Delivery to Promise 可承诺的交货时间
45 EAI Enterprise Application Integration 企业应用集成
46 EAM Enterprise Assets Management 企业资源管理
47 ECM Enterprise Commerce Management 企业商务管理
48 ECO Engineering Change Order 工程变更订单
49 EDI Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换
50 EDP Electronic Data Processing 电子数据处理
51 EEA Extended Enterprise Applications 扩展企业应用系统
52 EIP Enterprise Information Portal 企业信息门户
53 EIS Executive Information System 高层领导信息系统
54 EOI Economic Order Interval 经济定货周期
55 EOQ Economic Order Quantity 经济订货批量(经济批量法)
56 EPA Enterprise Proficiency Analysis 企业绩效分析
57 ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源计划
58 ERM Enterprise Resource Management 企业资源管理
59 ETO Engineer To Order 专项设计，按订单设计
60 FAS Final Assembly Schedule 最终装配计划
61 FCS Finite Capacity Scheduling 有限能力计划
62 FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 柔性制造系统
63 FOQ Fixed Order Quantity 固定定货批量法
64 GL General Ledger 总账
65 GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面
66 HRM Human Resource Management 人力资源管理
67 HRP Human Resource Planning 人力资源计划
68 IE Industry Engineering/Internet Exploration 工业工程/浏览器
69 ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织
70 ISP Internet Service Provider 互联网服务提供商
71 ISPE International Society for Productivity Enhancement 国际生产力促进会
72 IT/GT Information/Group Technology 信息/成组技术
73 JIT Just In Time 准时制造/准时制生产
74 KPA Key Process Areas 关键过程域
75 KPI Key Performance Indicators 关键业绩指标
76 LP Lean Production 精益生产
77 MES Manufacturing Executive System 制造执行系统
78 MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统
79 MPS Master Production Schedule 主生产计划
80 MRP Material Requirements Planning 物料需求计划
81 MRPII Manufacturing Resource Planning 制造资源计划
82 MTO Make To Order 定货(订货)生产
83 MTS Make To Stock 现货(备货)生产
84 OA Office Automation 办公自动化
85 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturing 原始设备制造商
86 OPT Optimized Production Technology 最优生产技术
87 OPT Optimized Production Timetable 最优生产时刻表
88 PADIS Production And Decision Information System 生产和决策管理信息系统
89 PDM Product Data Management 产品数据管理
90 PERT Program Evaluation Research Technology 计划评审技术
91 PLM Production Lifecycle Management 产品生命周期管理
92 PM Project Management 项目管理
93 POQ Period Order Quantity 周期定量法
94 PRM Partner Relationship Management 合作伙伴关系管理
95 PTF Planned Time Fence 计划时界
96 PTX Private Trade Exchange 自用交易网站
97 RCCP Rough-Cut Capacity Planning 粗能力计划
98 RDBM Relational Data Base Management 关系数据库管理
99 RPM Rapid Prototype Manufacturing 快速原形制造
100 RRP Resource Requirements Planning 资源需求计划
101 SCM Supply Chain Management 供应链管理
102 SCP Supply Chain Partnership 供应链合作伙伴关系
103 SFA Sales Force Automation 销售自动化
104 SMED Single-Minute Exchange Of Dies 快速换模法
105 SOP Sales And Operation Planning 销售与运作规划
106 SQL Structure Query Language 结构化查询语言
107 TCO Total Cost Ownership 总体运营成本
108 TEI Total Enterprise Integration 全面企业集成
109 TOC Theory Of Constraints/Constraints managemant 约束理论/约束管理
110 TPM Total Productive Maintenance 全员生产力维护
111 TQC Total Quality Control 全面质量控制
112 TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理
113 WBS Work Breakdown System 工作分解系统
114 XML eXtensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言
115 ABC Classification(Activity Based Classification) ABC分类法
116 ABC costing 作业成本法
117 ABC inventory control ABC 库存控制
118 abnormal demand 反常需求
119 acquisition cost ,ordering cost 定货费
120 action message 行为/活动(措施)信息
121 action report flag 活动报告标志
122 activity cost pool 作业成本集
123 activity-based costing(ABC) 作业基准成本法/业务成本法
124 actual capacity 实际能力
125 adjust on hand 调整现有库存量
126 advanced manufacturing technology 先进制造技术
127 advanced pricing 高级定价系统
128 AM Agile Manufacturing 敏捷制造
129 alternative routing 替代工序(工艺路线)
130 Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报
131 anticipation inventory 预期储备
132 apportionment code 分摊码
133 assembly parts list 装配零件表
134 automated storage/retrieval system 自动仓储/检索系统135 Automatic Rescheduling 计划自动重排
136 available inventory 可达到库存
137 available material 可用物料
138 available stock 达到库存
139 available work 可利用工时
140 average inventory 平均库存
141 back order 欠交(脱期)订单
142 back scheduling 倒排(序)计划/倒序排产?
143 base currency 本位币
144 batch number 批号
145 batch process 批流程
146 batch production 批量生产
147 benchmarking 标杆瞄准(管理)
148 bill of labor 工时清单
149 bill of lading 提货单
150 branch warehouse 分库
151 bucketless system 无时段系统
152 business framework 业务框架
153 business plan 经营规划
154 capacity level 能力利用水平
155 capacity load 能力负荷
156 capacity management 能力管理
157 carrying cost 保管费
158 carrying cost rate 保管费率
159 cellular manufacturing 单元式制造
160 change route 修改工序
161 change structure 修改产品结构
162 check point 检查点
163 closed loop MRP 闭环MRP
164 Common Route Code(ID) 通用工序标识
165 component-based development 组件(构件)开发技术166 concurrent engineering 并行(同步)工程
167 conference room pilot 会议室模拟
168 configuration code 配置代码
169 continuous improvement 进取不懈
170 continuous process 连续流程
171 cost driver 作业成本发生因素
172 cost driver rate 作业成本发生因素单位费用
173 cost of stockout 短缺损失
174 cost roll-up 成本滚动计算法
175 crew size 班组规模
176 critical part 急需零件
177 critical ratio 紧迫系数
178 critical work center 关键工作中心
179 CLT Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期
180 current run hour 现有运转工时
181 current run quantity 现有运转数量
182 customer care 客户关怀
183 customer deliver lead time 客户交货提前期
184 customer loyalty 客户忠诚度
185 customer order number 客户订单号
186 customer satisfaction 客户满意度
187 customer status 客户状况
188 cycle counting 周期盘点
189 DM Data Mining 数据挖掘
190 Data Warehouse 数据仓库
191 days offset 偏置天数
192 dead load 空负荷
193 demand cycle 需求周期
194 demand forecasting 需求预测
195 demand management 需求管理
196 Deming circle 戴明环
197 demonstrated capacity 实际能力
198 discrete manufacturing 离散型生产
199 dispatch to 调度
200 DRP Distribution Requirements Planning 分销需求计划201 drop shipment 直运
202 dunning letter 催款信
203 ECO workbench ECO工作台
204 employee enrolled 在册员工
205 employee tax id 员工税号
206 end item 最终产品
207 engineering change mode flag 工程变更方式标志
208 engineering change notice 工程变更通知
209 equipment distribution 设备分配
210 equipment management 设备管理
211 exception control 例外控制
212 excess material analysis 呆滞物料分析
213 expedite code 急送代码
214 external integration 外部集成
215 fabrication order 加工订单
216 factory order 工厂订单
217 fast path method 快速路径法
218 fill backorder 补足欠交
219 final assembly lead time 总装提前期
220 final goods 成品
221 finite forward scheduling 有限顺排计划
222 finite loading 有限排负荷
223 firm planned order 确认的计划订单
224 firm planned time fence 确认计划需求时界225 FPR Fixed Period Requirements 定期用量法226 fixed quantity 固定数量法
227 fixed time 固定时间法
228 floor stock 作业现场库存
229 flow shop 流水车间
230 focus forecasting 调焦预测
231 forward scheduling 顺排计划
232 freeze code 冻结码
233 freeze space 冷冻区
234 frozen order 冻结订单
235 gross requirements 毛需求
236 hedge inventory 囤积库存
237 in process inventory 在制品库存
238 in stock 在库
239 incrementing 增值
240 indirect cost 间接成本
241 indirect labor 间接人工
242 infinite loading 无限排负荷
243 input/output control 投入/产出控制
244 inspection ID 检验标识
245 integrity 完整性
246 inter companies 公司内部间
247 interplant demands 厂际需求量
248 inventory carry rate 库存周转率
249 inventory cycle time 库存周期
250 inventory issue 库存发放
251 inventory location type 仓库库位类型
252 inventory scrap 库存报废量
253 inventory transfers 库存转移
254 inventory turns/turnover 库存(资金)周转次数255 invoice address 发票地址
256 invoice amount gross 发票金额
257 invoice schedule 发票清单
258 issue cycle 发放周期
259 issue order 发送订单
260 issue parts 发放零件
261 issue policy 发放策略
262 item availability 项目可供量
263 item description 项目说明
牛人教你如何阅读外文文献 2015-04-16 22:40 来源：科学网点击次数：5085关键词：英文文献 一、如何有针对地查找文献？ 现在各大学图书馆里的数据库都比较全，即使不全也可以通过网络上多种手段获取文献了。所以说文献的获取不是问题，问题在于查什么样的文献？ 1）本领域核心期刊的文献。不同的研究方向有不同的核心期刊，这里也不能一概唯IF论了。当然，首先你要了解所研究的核心期刊有哪些，这个就要靠学长、老板或者网上战友的互相帮助了。 2）本领域牛人或主要课题组的文献。每个领域内都有几个领军人物，他们所从事的方向往往代表目前的发展主流。因此，阅读这些组里的文献就可以把握目前的研究重点。怎么知道谁是“领军人物”呢？这里提供两个小方法：第一，在ISI里检索本领域的文献，利用refine 功能找出论文数量较多的作者或课题组；另一个方法，先要了解本领域有哪些比较规模大型的国际会议，登陆会议主办方的网站一般都能看到关于会议的invited speaker的名字，作为邀请报告的报告人一般就是了。 3）高引用次数的文章。一般来说高引用次数（如果不是靠自引堆上去的话）文章都是比较经典的文章。多读这样的文章，体会作者对文章结构的把握和图表分析的处理，相信可以从中领悟很多东西。 知道了查什么样的文献后，那么具体怎么去查文献？ ?通过关键词、主题词检索：关键词、主题词一定要选好，这样，才能保证你所要的内容的全面。因为，换个主题词，可以有新的内容出现。 ?通过检索某个学者：查SCI，知道了某个在这个领域有建树的学者，找他近期发表的文章。 ?通过参考综述检索：如果有与自己课题相关或有切入点的综述，可以根据相应的参考文献找到那些原始的研究论文。
特色材料 哈尔滨市永源中学 田素刚
英语阅读课教学设计 一、本课在教材的地位与作用： 本课在教材中是本话题的第三部分，重点在于培养学生的阅读和写作能力，同时，本课学习的好与坏影响到写关于音乐方面作文的水平。所以，本课的学习对于学生练习相关的写作有很大的作用。 二、教学目标： 1、本课的主要教学目标是培养学生的阅读和写作能力，在学 习的过程中教师要适度地讲阅读的方法和写相关文体的写作要领。 2、培养学生良好的阅读和写作能力，应该是能够与现实的学习环境相适应的。 3、通过本课的学习使学生对音乐方面的知识有一定的了解并能够初步培养良好的音乐爱好。 三、教学重点： 本课的教学重点是训练学生的阅读和写作能力。 四、教学难点： 学习有实际效果的阅读和写作方法 五、教学方法： 自主探究及小组合作的教学方式。 六、教学工具：多媒体计算机 七、教学过程： 1、教学预备 出示给学生两组有关乐队的图片，让他们猜测是谁。主要通过听音乐的方式进行，这样能够引起学生的学习热情和兴趣。
2、在学生看图片及听音乐的过程中，利用图片进行阅读文章中生词的处理，主要是通过猜词的方式进行。以此来解除后面阅读的生词障碍。Can you guess the meanings of the words in red ? There are four member s in the band “ The Flowers ” . And they are good musician s. Now they aren ' tin the same band ,but they continue to make nice music for us. band n 乐队，乐团 member n person of a group 成员 musician n person who makes music 乐师，乐手，音乐家continue v go on 继续 这个环节也是对学生生词处理能力的再提高。这个部分是由学生都很熟悉的花儿乐队和s.h.e 两个乐队的音乐的欣赏来引出课文内容U2 乐队。这样设计的目的在于激发学生学习的兴趣，烘托良好的课堂气氛。 3、对课文进行第一次的快读。此环节设计出两个能够引起学生阅读兴趣的问题，以此来组织学生进行第一遍的快读。Read the passage quickly and answer the following questions. 1. _______________ The band U2 is Rock band 財folk band □ popular band □ 2. _______________________ Their famous songs are Beautiful Day and Walk On
英语专业基础阶段推荐课外阅读书目 以下读物指简写本、改写本及原著科普读物 Charles Darwin (by Carla Greene) 查尔斯?达尔文 John F. Kennedy (by Charles P. Graves) 约翰?肯尼迪 King Arthur and His Knights (by William Kottmeyer) 亚瑟王和他的骑士One Million Pound (by Mark Twain) 百万英镑 Robin Hood (adapted by Michael West) 罗宾汉 Rip Van Winkle (adapted by Michael West) 里普?范?温格尔Stories from the Sands of Africa (adapted by Michael West) 非洲沙漠的故事Tales from the Arabian Nights (adapted by Michael West) 天方夜谭 The Canterbury Tales (adapted by Michael West) 坎特伯雷故事集 The House of a Thousand Lanterns (by Victoria Holt) 千灯府 The Legends of Ancient Rome 古罗马的传说 The Mystery of the Island (by Jules Verne) 神秘的海岛 The Seventh Key 第七把钥匙 Three Men on the Bummel (by K. Jerome) 三人出游记 Tom Jones (by Henry Fielding) 汤姆?琼斯 Airport (by Arthur Hailey) 航空港 Around the World in Eighty Days (by Jules Verne) 环绕世界八十天 A Separate Peace (by John Knowles) 独自和解 Daisy Miller (by H. James) 黛丝?密勒 Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (by R. L. Stevenson) 化身博士 Flowers for Mrs. Harris (by Paul Gallico) 献给哈里斯夫人的鲜花Frankenstein (by Mary Shelly) 弗兰肯斯特 Hatter’s Castle (by A. J. Cronin) 帽商的城堡 Little Tom (by B. Bell & D. Bell) 小汤姆 Lucky Jim (by Kingsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆 The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland (by Lewis Carrol) 艾丽斯漫游记 The Black Tulip (by Alexandre Dumas) 黑郁金香 The Life of Abraham Lincoln (by Stegan Lorant) 林肯传 The Mill on the Floss (by George Eliot) 弗洛斯河上的磨坊The Prince and the Pauper (by Mark Twain) 王子和贫儿 The Red Badge of Courage (by Stephen Crane) 红色英勇勋章 The Scapegoat (by Daphne Du Maurier) 替罪羊 The Sign of Indra 印达拉神像 Thirty-nine Steps (by John Buchan) 三十九级台阶 Three Men in a Boat (by J. K. Jerome) 三人同舟 Tom Brown’s Schooldays (by Thomas Hughes) 汤姆?布朗的求学时代Witch (by George Mackay Brown) 女巫 Aesop’s Fables 伊索寓言Anderson’s Fairy Tales 安徒生通话选Compell’s Kingdom (by Hammond Innes) 坎伯尔王国 Frontiers of Science 科学的新领域Grimm’s Fairy Tales 格林通话选 Hotel (by Arthur Hailey) 旅馆 Jamaica Inn (by Daphne Du Maurier) 牙买加旅店
Lesson 1 The Wild W est’s Legacy of Shame By John Halford 1. THE LEGENDS of the Wild West still color many people’s impression of the United States of America. Unfortunately, the romanticized Hollywood cowboys and Indians have given a distorted picture of what really happened. 2. Certainly, America’s western expansion was in many ways an epic of courage and en-durance. Dogged pioneers opened up new territory and forged a nation from the wilderness. This is the stuff of legends. But there was a dark side to this story. For the Indians it was a sad, bitter tale of misunderstanding, greed and betrayal — and we should know that too. 3. Before 1990 fades from memory, let’s pause to remember December 29 as the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Wounded Knee. Thi s “battle” (it was more of a massacre) marked the completion of the conquest of the North American Indians by the United States government. Not Enough Indians 4. In the early days of settlement along the Atlantic shore the colonists and the Indians got along together. Their ways of life were different, but there was room for both. 5. The Indians were not unorganized hostile savages. The various tribes were often confederations or nations, and at first, the new settlers treated them as independent powers. But as European settlement gathered momentum, mistrust began to build. 6. It was not long before the newcomers outnumbered the native peoples (It has been estimated there were only about a million Amerindians in the continent north of what is now Mexico). 7. In the struggle between the French and the British for control of North America (1689— 1763), and in the later Revolutionary War (1775—1783) between the British and the Colonists, the Europeans tried to win the support of the Indians. 8. They became pawns in the white man’s struggle to control North America. Those who found themselves on the losing side suffered reprisal s by the victors. 9. By the end of the 18th century, the independence of the United States was established, and George Washington admonished Congress: We are more enlightene d and more powerful than the Indian nations. It behooves our honor to treat them with kindness and even gen-erosity. 10.But that’s not what happened. Might became right①, and from the beginning of nationhood of the United States, the native people were exploited, forced from their homelands by the relentless European expansion —usually after signing agreements and treaties they did not really understand. 11. The white man’s concept of land ownership was alien to the Indians. They thought they had agreed to share, only to find that they had signed away the rights to live in their traditional territory. 12. Eventually, the government decided it would be in everyone’s best interest for the two peoples to live apart. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 gave the president power to relocate all the Eastern Indian tribes west of the Mississippi on land the new Americans thought they would not need. 13. None were to be exempted even those tribes who had made an effort to learn the white man’s ways were forced to move. The Cherokees, for example, were settled farmers, had developed an alphabet, and even published a newspaper in their own language.
高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲 为了规范全国高等学校英语专业的英语教学，特制订本教学大纲。本大纲所作的各项规定，对全国各类高等学校的英语专业均有指导作用，也是组织教学、编写教材和检查与评估教学质量的依据。 一、培养目标 高等学校英语专业培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和广博的文化知识并能熟练地运用英语在外事、教育、经贸、文化、科技、军事等部门从事翻译、教学、管理、研究等工作的复合型英语人才。 21世纪是一个国际化的知识经济时代。我们所面临的挑战决定了21世纪我国高等学校英语专业人才的培养目标和规格：这些人才应具有扎实的基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的相关专业知识、较强的能力和较高的素质。也就是要在打好扎实的英语语言基本功和牢固掌握英语专业知识的前提下，拓宽人文学科知识和科技知识，掌握与毕业后所从事的工作有关的专业基础知识，注重培养获取知识的能力、独立思考的能力的创新的能力，提高思想道德素质、文化素质和心理素质。 二、课程设置 英语本科专业学制为4年。根据英语专业教学规律，一般将4年的教学过程分为两个阶段，即：基础阶段（一年级和二年级）和高年级阶段（三年级和四年级）。基础阶段的主要教学任务是传授英语基础知识，对学生进行全面的、严格的基本技能训练，培养学生实际运用语言的能力、良好的学风和正确的学习方法，为进入高年级打下扎实的专业基础。高年级阶段的主要教学任务是继续打好语言基本功，学习英语专业知识和相关心业知识，进一步扩大知识面，增强对文化差异的敏感性，提高综合运用英语进行交际的能力。在两个教学阶段中课程的安排可以有所侧重，但应将4年的教学过程视为一个整体，自始至终注意打好英语语言基本功。 英语专业课程分为英语专业技能、英语专业知识和相关专业知识三种类型，一般均应以英语为教学语言。三种类型的课程如下： （1）英语专业技能课程：指综合训练课程和各种英语技能的单项训练课程，如：基础英语、听力、口语、阅读、写作、口译、笔译等课程。 （2）英语专业知识课程：指英语语言、文学、文化方面的课程，如：英语语言学、英语词汇学、英语语法学、英语
Unit 1 general description of literature reading and translation 1.Definition of Literature Literature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. As an important means for preserving knowledge, literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race. 2.Classification of Literature 1) Textbooks（课本） a kind of professional writing（一种专业的写作） 2) Monographs（专著） various viewpoints and discussions 3) Papers（论文） the theoretical analysis and experimental description title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references 4) Encyclopedias(百科全书) every branch of knowledge 5) Periodicals （期刊） a series of publications 6)Special Documentation（特殊文档） all the printed materials 3.Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature stylistically (文体上) scientific literature is a kind of form writing; syntactically（结构上）scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures and in most cases is rather unitary; Morphologically（语法上）scientific literaure is featured by high specialization,the use of technical terms and jargons ,unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word Principles or Criteria of Translation Whenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Yan Fu’s three- character guide”-----xin, da, ya, namely, faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅). These three principle has always been regarded as a plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal for translators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people come to find some unsatisfactory aspects of the three-character guide and have put foreword a variety of new standards or criteria of translation. Despite a variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted by all, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these two criteria as the principle scientific literature translation. By faithful/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free form stiff formula and mechanical copying form dictionaries. Unit 2 professional papers 2.1.Definition of professional papers A professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic. It is variously known as the “research paper”, “course paper”, “thesis paper” or “library paper”. The task of the author of a paper is essentially the same: to read on a particular topic, gather information about it, and report the findings in it. 2.2.Classification of professional papers
英语专业阅读与写作试卷第 1 页（共18页） 英语专业阅读与写作试卷第 2 页（共18页） 机密★启用前 2019年吉林省普通高等学校专升本教育考试 英语专业阅读与写作试卷 说明:本试卷包括阅读和写作两个部分。本试卷第I 卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。满分200分,答题时间为120分钟。 第I 卷阅读部分(选择题,每小题2分,共100分) 注意事项: 1.第I 卷必须在答题卡上答题,第Ⅱ卷必须在答题纸上答题,在试卷上答题无效。 2.答题前用钢笔或圆珠笔填写姓名,用2B 铅笔将准考号代码涂黑。 3.用2B 铅笔将答题卡上的正确选项涂黑,修改时必须用橡皮将涂错的地方擦干净。 Part I Reading comprehension(2*50=100 points) Direction: In this section, there are 10 passages followed by some questions, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your choice on your Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions I to 5 are based on the following passage: David Herbert Lawrence was born at Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, in 1885, fourth of the five children of a miner and his middle-class wife. He attended Nottingham High Schoo l and Nottingham University College. His first novel, The White Peacock, was published in 1911， just a few weeks after the death of his mother to whom he had been abnormally close. At this time he finally ended his relationship with Jessie Chambers(the Miriam of Sons and Lov ers|) and became engaged to Louie Burrows. His career as a school teacher was ended in 1911 by the illness which was ultimately diagnosed as tuberculosis. In 1911 Lawrence eloped to Germany with Frieda Weekley, the German wife of his form er modern languages tutor. They were married on their return to England in 1914. Lawrence was now living scarcely, by his writing. His greatest novels, The Rainbow and Women in Love, were completed in 1915 and 1916. The former was suppressed, and he could not find a publisher for the latter. After the war Lawrence began his"savage pilgrimagage " in search of a more fulfilling mode of life than industrial Western civilization could offer. This took him to Sicily, Ceylon, Australia and, finally, New Mexico. The Lawrences returned to Europe in1925: Lawrence's last novel, Lady Chaterley's Lover; was banned in 1928, and his painting confiscated in 1929. He died in Vence in 1930 at the age of forty-four. Lawrence spent most of his short life living. Nevertheless he produced an amazing quantity of work-novels, stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, translations and letters... After his death Frieda wrote: "What he had seen and felt and known he gave in his writing to his fellow men, the splendor of living, the hope of more and more life... a heroic and immeasurable gift." 1. Lawrence's first novel was . A. The White Peacock B. Sons and Lovers C. The rainbow D. Women in Love 2. The Miriam of Sons and Lovers was . A. Lawrence's mother B. Jessie Chambers C. Louie Burrows D. Lawrence,s school teacher 3. When Lawrence married Frieda Weekley, his economic means were . A. sufficient B. insufficient C.wealthy D. not mentioned 4. Lawrence began his"savage pilgrimage "in order to find . A. industrial civilization B. savage countries C. a better mode of life D. a religious life 5. According to Frieda, Lawrence . A. lived a sad life B. wrote about his feelings in his works C. wished he could live longer D. wrote about the tragedy of life
Unipus高校外语教学管理平台使用说明（学生） 2015级新生在使用Unipus高校外语教学管理平台时，请注意以下几点： 1. 浏览器的选择：如通过校园网内网登陆平台，最好使用谷歌（Chrome）浏览器；如通过VPN登陆平台，需使用IE9.0及以上版本浏览器。并在浏览器“工具”里点击选择“兼容性视图设置”，保证不勾选“在兼容性视图中显示Internet 站点”和“使用Microsoft兼容性列表”。如图： （错误） （正确）2. 平台登陆方法：1）通过校园网内网登陆：直接输入网址https://www.doczj.com/doc/f813779130.html, 2）通过VPN进入：选择“实验教学软件”下的“大学英语网络课程平台”。 用户名和初始密码均为学号。登陆后请修改密码并完善个人信息。然后注册班级、输入验证码等待激活。 3. 为保证平台上音频、视频的正常使用，您的电脑上需安装有：Microsoft Media Player 9.0 及以上版本、Adobe Flash Player 11.0 及以上版本。 4. Pepperservice是一个终端语音评测服务软件，可支持学习者在无法连接外网的情况下进行口语练习获得评测反馈。建议您在开始学习之前提前安装，让学习更自由、便捷。 安装步骤和注意事项请查看平台里的“软件下载”。
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C o m m e n c e m e n t o f t h e Commercial Operation of 600M W U n i t , "H i ro n o N o. 5Thermal Power Station of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc." Commercial operation of The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station commenced in July 2004. This plant is a 600 MW coal-fired supercritical power plant. The main line-up of the plant, which features a steam turbine and a boiler, are supplied by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI). MHI set up this plant with a range of such key equipment along with ancillary facilities such as control systems, a flue gas treatment system, a wastewater treatment system, and stacks. This report gives a brief overview of the advanced technologies applied to the steam turbine and boiler of this plant supplied by MHI. 1. Introduction The Hirono No. 5 Thermal Power Station began com-mercial operation in July 2004. It is a 600 MW coal-fired,supercritical power plant that operates under the high-est global standards for steam conditions (24.5MPa x 600/600o C). The steam turbine has various advanced MHI tech-nologies, including the first 600 MW class two-casing turbine, high- and intermediate-pressure combined cas-ing developed by utilizing high temperature materials and cooling structures to cope with the ultra supercritical steam condition, 48 inch steel integral shroud blade (ISB), a new type of condenser, and a single shell deaerator cum storage tank. The boiler adopted in this plant has MHI's advanced technologies. They are reduced emission of NOx and unburned carbon with the A-PM burner and MRS pul-verizer. In addition, the vertical waterwall furnace that uses high temperature compatible materials and rifled tubes are adopted. Further, the plant is very much streamlined through the use of such simple systems and equipment as de-scribed below: (1) unification of air duct and flue gas duct into a single line through the adoption of a maximum capacity class fan, (2) unification of all feed water heaters into a single line, (3) unification of circulating water pumps into a single line, and (4) adoption of a plant starting system that does not rely on the boiler circulating pump. Since the plant is located in a narrow site adjacent to existing units operated using oil and gas, the overall arrangement of the plant has been improved by consult-ing with the Owner and is arranged in a more compact manner. Advanced MHI technologies have also been adopted in ancillary facilities. This includes the use of a dry se-lective catalytic NOx removal system, a high performance flue gas treatment system based on the harmonious de-sign of a double contact flow scrubber type flue gas desulfurization system with a low-low temperature dry electrostatic precipitator, an overall waste water treat-ment system, and self-supporting group stacks. In this way, MHI has drawn upon all of its competencies in es-tablishing this plant. 2. Steam turbine Figure 1Figure 1 shows an external view of the Hirono No. 5 steam turbine. Fig. 1 View of the 600 MW Hirono No.5 steam turbine HIROMASA MOMMA*1 TAKAYUKI SUTO*1RYUJI IWAMOTO*3 JUNICHI ISHIGURO*1TOSHIHIRO MIYAWAKI*2TSUYOSHI NAKAHARA*4
华侨大学厦门工学院 《专业英语》 文献检索与阅读报告 课题方向： 专业： 班级：学号： 学生姓名： 时间： ―――――――以下指导教师填写――――― 总成绩： 教师：张慧
研究意义 忙碌碌的生活不仅是忙碌也有不少迷茫。从小我就知道上个好小学是为了上个好中学，上个好中学是为了上个好大学，上个好大学是为了找个好工作。按部就班循规蹈矩，这是小时候的我一直记在心里的人生路线。可是，人生其实还有很多很多的选择，每种选择都是一个精彩的人生，循规蹈矩并不是不好，只是慢慢会觉得迷茫。记得大一刚来厦门的时候总是觉得一切都是那么的新奇。鼓浪屿上吃特产品味不同风味的美食；环岛路上骑单车感受来自大海的风，观看沿途的海景； 园博苑里观百花齐放的瑰丽；杏林阁上看夕阳西下细细体味夕阳无限好只是近黄昏的感慨！旅行的意义并不在于目的地，而在于沿途中我们美好的心情！一个人，一条路，心随景动，从起点到尽头点，也许快乐丶也许索然无味。在旅途中或许可以遇见不一样的自己。人生最美好的旅行就是在一个陌生的地域遇见久违的感动。旅行可以给自己一段自由漂泊的时间洗涤心灵，感受名胜古迹的余韵，沿途风景的美好！
第一部分：检索报告 1.1检索工具：百度丶谷歌 1.2检索准备 1.2.1 课题确定依据 人生就像一场旅行，不必在乎目的地，在乎的，是沿途的风景，以及看风景的心情。 1.2.2 确定关键字 Travel 旅行 1.3 检索过程 百度输入旅行丶谷歌输入travel。查找文献选取有需要的文献。合法下载有需要的文件。
第二部分：文献阅读报告 2.1 文献全文（3篇) Christmas in Ethiopia: it comes but twice a year Before dawn, our guide Sefiwe was waiting for our little group to gather. In the darkness, we joined the flocks of white-robed pilgrims and made our way towards the rock-hewn church of Bet Maryam (House of Mary). It was very early morning on 7 January: Christmas Day for the Ethiopian Orthodox church. We were in Lalibela, the town in the northern highlands that Ethiopian Christians consider their Jerusalem. A world heritage site, the Churches of Lalibela –13 in all –were carved out of rock in the 12th century after King Lalibela had a vision –quite a common occurrence in Ethiopian history. They are cut vertically downwards, so when we stood outside St Mary’s, the candles held by the milling worshippers illuminated a sheer facing cliff eight metres high. All around us pilgrims were chanting. Just before 7am, in the day’s first light, a procession of 400 priests, including the patriarch of the