最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定（三）Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Certain Issues Concerning the Application of the "Company Law of the People’s Republic of China" (Ⅲ)
颁布机关:最高人民法院
Promulgating Institution: Supreme People's Court
文号:法释[2011]3号
Document Number: Fa Shi [2011] No. 3
颁布时间: Promulgating Date: 01/27/2011 01/27/2011
实施时间: Effective Date: 02/16/2011 02/16/2011
效力状态: Validity Status:
有效
Valid
（2010年12月6日最高人民法院审判委员会第1504次会议通过）
(Adopted at the 1504th meeting of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on
December 6, 2010)
为正确适用《中华人民共和国公司法》，结合审判实践，就人民法院审理公司设立、出资、股权确认等纠纷案件适用法律问题作出如下规定。
In order to correctly apply the Company Law of the People's Republic of China, by taking into consideration the judicial practice, we hereby make the following provisions on the application of law by people's courts in trial of cases involving disputes over the establishment, capital contribution, equity affirmation, etc., of companies.
第一条为设立公司而签署公司章程、向公司认购出资或者股份并履行公司设立职责的人,应当认定为公司的发起人,包括有限责任公司设立时的股东。
Article 1 A person who, for the purpose of setting up a company, signs the articles of association, contributes capital to or subscribe the shares of the company, and performs the duties relating to incorporation, shall be recognized as the promoter of the company. Promoters shall include shareholders of a limited liability company at the time of its incorporation.
第二条发起人为设立公司以自己名义对外签订合同,合同相对人请求该发起人承担合同责任的,人民法院应予支持。
公司成立后对前款规定的合同予以确认,或者已经实际享有合同权利或者履行合同义务,合同相对人请求公司承担合同责任的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 2 Where a promoter, for the purpose of setting up a company, signs in his/her own name a contract with an external party, and the external party requests the promoter to bear the contractual liabilities, the people's court shall uphold such a request.
Where a company recognizes the contract specified in the preceding Paragraph after incorporation, or has actually enjoyed the contractual rights or performed the contractual obligations, and the external party requests the company to bear the contractual liabilities, the people's court shall uphold such a request.
第三条发起人以设立中公司名义对外签订合同,公司成立后合同相对人请求公司承担合同责任的,人民法院应予支持。
公司成立后有证据证明发起人利用设立中公司的名义为自己的利益与相对人签订合同,公司以此为
由主张不承担合同责任的,人民法院应予支持,但相对人为善意的除外。
Article 3 Where a promoter signs a contract with an external party in the name of the company pending incorporation, the people's court shall uphold the claim made, after the establishment of the company, by the external party requiring the company to bear the contractual liabilities.
Where after incorporation, the company requests to be exempted from the said contractual liabilities on the ground that there is evidence proving its promoter has signed the contract with the counterpart for his/her own interests by using the name of the company then in the incorporation process, the people's court shall uphold the claim, unless the counterpart is a bona fide party.
第四条公司因故未成立,债权人请求全体或者部分发起人对设立公司行为所产生的费用和债务承担连带清偿责任的,人民法院应予支持。
部分发起人依照前款规定承担责任后,请求其他发起人分担的,人民法院应当判令其他发起人按照约定的责任承担比例分担责任;没有约定责任承担比例的,按照约定的出资比例分担责任;没有约定出资比例的,按照均等份额分担责任。
因部分发起人的过错导致公司未成立,其他发起人主张其承担设立行为所产生的费用和债务的,人民法院应当根据过错情况,确定过错一方的责任范围。
Article 4 In the event of the non-incorporation of a company for any reason, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by a creditor of the company that all or certain promoters shall be severally and jointly liable for paying off the expenses and debts incurred in the incorporation process.
Where a certain promoter, after having assumed his/her liabilities in accordance with the preceding Paragraph, requests the other promoters to share the expenses and debts, the people's court shall order the other promoters to assume the liabilities according to the agreed proportion. Where no such agreement is available, the people's court shall order the other promoters to bear the liabilities in accordance with the agreed capital contribution ratio, or to bear the liabilities equally in the absence of such a ratio.
In the event that the fault on the part of a certain promoter results in the non-incorporation of the company, and that the other promoters request the promoter at fault to bear the liability for the expenses and debts arising out of the incorporation process, the people's court shall determine the scope of liabilities of the promoter at fault according to the graveness of his/her fault.
第五条发起人因履行公司设立职责造成他人损害,公司成立后受害人请求公司承担侵权赔偿责任的,人民法院应予支持;公司未成立,受害人请求全体发起人承担连带赔偿责任的,人民法院应予支持。
公司或者无过错的发起人承担赔偿责任后,可以向有过错的发起人追偿。
Article 5Where a promoter, for the purpose of performing the duties relating to company establishment, damages the interests of another party, the people's court shall uphold the claim made, after company establishment, by the infringed party requesting the company to bear the liability for compensation. In the event that the company is not set up, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by the infringed party requesting all the promoters to bear joint and several liability for compensation.
After bearing the liabilities for compensation, the company or the promoter that is not at fault may institute recourse against the promoter at fault.
第六条股份有限公司的认股人未按期缴纳所认股份的股款,经公司发起人催缴后在合理期间内仍未缴纳,公司发起人对该股份另行募集的,人民法院应当认定该募集行为有效。认股人延期缴纳股款给公司造成损失,公司请求该认股人承担赔偿责任的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 6 Where a subscriber to a joint stock company fails to pay for the shares subscribed as scheduled, and still fails to make the payment within a reasonable period after being urged by the promoter of the company, as a result of which the promoter calls for another round of subscription to the shares in question, the people's court shall determine the new subscription as valid, and uphold the claim made by the company requesting the subscriber who fails to pay on time to bear the liability for compensating the losses, if any, suffered by the company due to the delayed payment.
第七条出资人以不享有处分权的财产出资,当事人之间对于出资行为效力产生争议的,人民法院可以参照物权法第一百零六条的规定予以认定。
以贪污、受贿、侵占、挪用等违法犯罪所得的货币出资后取得股权的,对违法犯罪行为予以追究、处
罚时,应当采取拍卖或者变卖的方式处置其股权。
Article 7 Where an investor makes capital contribution with the asset of which he/she is not entitled to dispose, leading the parties concerned to dispute over the validity of the capital contribution, the people's court may determine such validity with reference to Article 106 of the Property Law.
Where an investor acquires equities for the capital contribution made with the money obtained from criminal offenses such as corruption, accepting bribes, embezzlement or misappropriation, the equities shall be disposed of by auction or sale when the investor is being investigated and punished for his/her criminal offenses.
第八条出资人以划拨土地使用权出资,或者以设定权利负担的土地使用权出资,公司、其他股东或者公司债权人主张认定出资人未履行出资义务的,人民法院应当责令当事人在指定的合理期间内办理土地变更手续或者解除权利负担;逾期未办理或者未解除的,人民法院应当认定出资人未依法全面履行出资义务。
Article 8 Where an investor makes capital contribution with the right to use allocated land or the right to use land with encumbrance, and the company, other shareholders or a creditor of the company makes a claim requesting the people's court to determine that the investor has not fulfilled the capital contribution obligation, the people's court shall order the investor to complete the formalities for land changes or relieve the land from the encumbrance within a reasonable period specified. If the investor fails to complete such formalities or relieve the land from encumbrance within the prescribe time per iod, the people's court shall determine that the investor has failed to fully fulfill his/her capital contribution obligation pursuant to the law.
第九条出资人以非货币财产出资,未依法评估作价,公司、其他股东或者公司债权人请求认定出资人未履行出资义务的,人民法院应当委托具有合法资格的评估机构对该财产评估作价。评估确定的价额显著低于公司章程所定价额的,人民法院应当认定出资人未依法全面履行出资义务。
Article 9 Where an investor makes capital contribution with non-monetary assets that have not been lawfully valued and priced, and the company, other shareholders or a creditor of the company makes a claim requesting the people's court to determine that the investor has not fulfilled the capital contribution obligation, the people's court shall entrust a lawfully qualified valuation agency to value and price the asset, and shall determine that the investor has failed to fully fulfill his/her capital contribution obligation pursuant to the law if the amount determined after valuation is significantly lower than the amount specified in the articles of association of the company.
第十条出资人以房屋、土地使用权或者需要办理权属登记的知识产权等财产出资,已经交付公司使用但未办理权属变更手续,公司、其他股东或者公司债权人主张认定出资人未履行出资义务的,人民法院应当责令当事人在指定的合理期间内办理权属变更手续;在前述期间内办理了权属变更手续的,人民法院应当认定其已经履行了出资义务;出资人主张自其实际交付财产给公司使用时享有相应股东权利的,人民法院应予支持。
出资人以前款规定的财产出资,已经办理权属变更手续但未交付给公司使用,公司或者其他股东主张其向公司交付、并在实际交付之前不享有相应股东权利的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 10 Where an investor makes capital contribution with housing, the land-use right or the intellectual property right for which registration of ownership is required, and has delivered them to the company for use without completing the procedures for change of ownership, and the company, other shareholders or a creditor of the company makes a claim requesting the people's court to determine that the investor has not fulfilled the capital contribution obligation, the people's court shall order the investor to complete the formalities for change of ownership within a reasonable period specified. If the investor completes such formalities within the aforesaid time period, the people's court shall determine that the investor has fulfilled his/her capital contribution obligation, and shall uphold the claim made by the investor that he/she is entitled to the corresponding shareholders' rights as of the time when he/she actually delivered the assets to the company for use.
Where an investor making capital contribution with an asset referred to in the preceding Paragraph has handled the formalities for change of ownership but failed to deliver the asset to the company for use, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by the company or other shareholders that the investor shall deliver the assets to the company, and that the investor is not entitled to the corresponding shareholders' rights prior to the actual delivery.
第十一条出资人以其他公司股权出资,符合下列条件的,人民法院应当认定出资人已履行出资义务:
(一)出资的股权由出资人合法持有并依法可以转让;
(二)出资的股权无权利瑕疵或者权利负担;
(三)出资人已履行关于股权转让的法定手续;
(四)出资的股权已依法进行了价值评估。
股权出资不符合前款第(一)、(二)、(三)项的规定,公司、其他股东或者公司债权人请求认定出资人未履行出资义务的,人民法院应当责令该出资人在指定的合理期间内采取补正措施,以符合上述条件;逾期未补正的,人民法院应当认定其未依法全面履行出资义务。
股权出资不符合本条第一款第(四)项的规定,公司、其他股东或者公司债权人请求认定出资人未履行出资义务的,人民法院应当按照本规定第九条的规定处理。
Article 11 Where an investor makes capital contribution with the equities of another company,
the people's court shall determine that the investor has fulfilled his/her capital contribution obligation as long as the following conditions are satisfied:
(1) The equities contributed are lawfully held by the investor and are transferable pursuant to the law;
(2) The equities contributed are free from defects and encumbrances;
(3) The investor has completed the statutory procedures for equity transfer; and
(4) The equities contributed have been valued pursuant to the law.
Where the company, other shareholders or a creditor of the company makes a claim requesting the people's court to determine that the investor has not fulfilled the capital contribution obligation on the ground that Items (1), (2) or (3) of the preceding Paragraph is not complied with, the people's court shall order the investor to take corrective measures within a reasonable time period specified so as to satisfy the above conditions. If the investor fails to make corrections within the prescribed time period, the people's court shall determine that the investor has failed to fully fulfill his/her contribution obligation pursuant to the law.
Where the company, other shareholders or a creditor of the company makes a claim requesting the people's court to determine that the investor has not fulfilled the capital contribution obligation on the ground that Item (4) of Paragraph 1 of this Article is not complied with, the people's court shall handle the case in accordance with Article 9 herein.
第十二条公司成立后,公司、股东或者公司债权人以相关股东的行为符合下列情形之一且损害公司权益为由,请求认定该股东抽逃出资的,人民法院应予支持:
(一)将出资款项转入公司账户验资后又转出;
(二)通过虚构债权债务关系将其出资转出;
(三)制作虚假财务会计报表虚增利润进行分配;
(四)利用关联交易将出资转出;
(五)其他未经法定程序将出资抽回的行为。
Article 12 Where, after a company is incorporated, the company, a shareholder or a creditor of the company requests the people's court to determine that the shareholder concerned has withdrawn his/her capital contribution on the ground that the acts of the shareholder fall under any of the following circumstances and are detrimental to the interests of the company, the people's court shall uphold the claim:
(1) Where the shareholder first transfers the monetary contribution to the company's account for capital verification purpose, and then takes the contribution out;
(2) Where the shareholder transfers out his/her contribution by fabricating the creditor-debtor relationship;
(3) Where the shareholder distributes profits by making false financial and accounting statements to inflate profits;
(4) Where the shareholder transfers out his/her contribution by taking advantage of associated transactions; or
(5) Where the shareholder withdraws his/her contribution by any other means without going through statutory procedures.
第十三条股东未履行或者未全面履行出资义务,公司或者其他股东请求其向公司依法全面履行出
资义务的,人民法院应予支持。
公司债权人请求未履行或者未全面履行出资义务的股东在未出资本息范围内对公司债务不能清偿的部分承担补充赔偿责任的,人民法院应予支持;未履行或者未全面履行出资义务的股东已经承担上述责任,其他债权人提出相同请求的,人民法院不予支持。
股东在公司设立时未履行或者未全面履行出资义务,依照本条第一款或者第二款提起诉讼的原告,请求公司的发起人与被告股东承担连带责任的,人民法院应予支持;公司的发起人承担责任后,可以向被告股东追偿。
股东在公司增资时未履行或者未全面履行出资义务,依照本条第一款或者第二款提起诉讼的原告,请求未尽公司法第一百四十八条第一款规定的义务而使出资未缴足的董事、高级管理人员承担相应责任的,人民法院应予支持;董事、高级管理人员承担责任后,可以向被告股东追偿。
Article 13 Where a shareholder fails to perform or fully perform his/her capital contribution
obligation, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by the company or other shareholders
requiring the shareholder to fully perform his/her capital contribution obligation towards the company
as required by law.
The people's court shall uphold the claim made by a creditor of the company requiring the
shareholder who has not fulfilled or fully fulfilled his/her capital contribution obligation to bear additional liabilities, to the extent of the principal and interest not contributed by him/her, for
compensating the debts of the company that are unable to be repaid. The people's court shall not uphold
the same claim made by other creditors if the said shareholder has assumed the aforesaid compensation
liability.
In the event that a shareholder fails to fulfill or fully fulfill his/her capital contribution obligation in
the incorporation process of the company, as a result of which a plaintiff who brings a lawsuit in
accordance with Paragraphs 1 or 2 of this Article requests the people's court to determine the promoter of the company to be jointly and severally liable with the defendant shareholder, the people's court shall uphold the request. The promoter of the company may institute recourse against the defendant shareholder after having assumed the liabilities.
In the event that a shareholder fails to fulfill or fully fulfill his/her capital contribution obligation
when the company increases its capital, as a result of which a plaintiff who brings a lawsuit in
accordance with Paragraphs 1 or 2 of this Article requests the people's court to hold a director or senior
management person liable on the ground that the failure of the director or senior management person to fully perform his/her obligation under Paragraph 1 of Article 148 of the Company Law leads to the insufficient capital contribution, the people's court shall uphold the request. The director or senior management person may institute recourse against the defendant shareholder after having assumed the liabilities.
第十四条股东抽逃出资,公司或者其他股东请求其向公司返还出资本息、协助抽逃出资的其他股东、董事、高级管理人员或者实际控制人对此承担连带责任的,人民法院应予支持。
公司债权人请求抽逃出资的股东在抽逃出资本息范围内对公司债务不能清偿的部分承担补充赔偿责任、协助抽逃出资的其他股东、董事、高级管理人员或者实际控制人对此承担连带责任的,人民法院应予支持;抽逃出资的股东已经承担上述责任,其他债权人提出相同请求的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 14 Where a shareholder withdraws his/her capital contribution, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by the company or other shareholders that the shareholder shall return to the company the principal and interest of the contribution, and that other shareholders, directors, senior management personnel or the actual controller who renders assistance in the withdrawal shall be jointly and severally liable.
The people's court shall uphold the claim made by a creditor of the company requiring that the shareholder who has withdrawn his/her capital contribution be additionally liable, to the extent of the principal and interest of the contribution withdrawn, for compensating the debts of the company that are unable to be repaid, and that other shareholders, directors, senior management personnel or the actual controller who renders assistance in the withdrawal be jointly and severally liable therefor. The people's court shall not uphold the same claim made by other creditors if the shareholder who withdraws the contribution has assumed the aforesaid liability.
第十五条第三人代垫资金协助发起人设立公司,双方明确约定在公司验资后或者在公司成立后将
该发起人的出资抽回以偿还该第三人,发起人依照前述约定抽回出资偿还第三人后又不能补足出资,相关权利人请求第三人连带承担发起人因抽回出资而产生的相应责任的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 15 Where a third party has lent money to the promoter to assist him/her establish a
company and the two parties have expressly agreed that the promoter will withdraw the contribution to repay the third party after capital verification or incorporation of the company, while the promoter has
withdrawn the contribution as agreed to repay the third party but fails to make good the contribution to
the company, therefore the relevant right owner requests the third party to be jointly and severally liable
for the liabilities arising out of the withdrawal of contribution by the promoter, the people's court shall
uphold such a request.
第十六条出资人以符合法定条件的非货币财产出资后,因市场变化或者其他客观因素导致出资财产贬值,公司、其他股东或者公司债权人请求该出资人承担补足出资责任的,人民法院不予支持。但是,当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 16 Unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties concerned, the people's court shall not
uphold a claim made by a company, other shareholders or a creditor of the company requesting an
investor to make good the capital contribution on the ground that the non-monetary assets that meet the
statutory requirements and are made as contribution have depreciated due to changes in the market or other objective factors.
第十七条股东未履行或者未全面履行出资义务或者抽逃出资,公司根据公司章程或者股东会决议对其利润分配请求权、新股优先认购权、剩余财产分配请求权等股东权利作出相应的合理限制,该股东请求认定该限制无效的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 17 Where, due to the failure to perform or fully perform his/her capital contribution obligation or the withdrawal of his/her contribution by a shareholder, the company, pursuant to its articles of association or the resolution of its shareholders' meeting, imposes appropriate and reasonable restrictions on the shareholder's right to request for profit distribution, the preemptive right of new share subscription, the right to request for distribution of remaining property, etc., the people's court shall not uphold the claim made by the shareholder requesting the court to determine the restrictions as invalid.
第十八条有限责任公司的股东未履行出资义务或者抽逃全部出资,经公司催告缴纳或者返还,其在合理期间内仍未缴纳或者返还出资,公司以股东会决议解除该股东的股东资格,该股东请求确认该解除行为无效的,人民法院不予支持。
在前款规定的情形下,人民法院在判决时应当释明,公司应当及时办理法定减资程序或者由其他股东或者第三人缴纳相应的出资。在办理法定减资程序或者其他股东或者第三人缴纳相应的出资之前,公司债权人依照本规定第十三条或者第十四条请求相关当事人承担相应责任的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 18 Where a shareholder of a limited liability company fails to perform his/her capital contribution obligation or withdraws all the contribution made, and still fails to make or return the contribution within a reasonable time period despite being so urged by the company, as a result of which the company disqualifies the shareholder pursuant to the resolution of the shareholders' meeting, the people's court shall not uphold the claim made by the shareholder requesting the court to determine the disqualification as invalid.
Under the circumstance described in the preceding Paragraph, the people's court shall specify in the judgment that the company shall promptly undergo the statutory capital reduction procedures or have other shareholders or a third party to pay the appropriate contribution. Before the company undergoes the statutory capital reduction procedures or has other shareholders or a third party to pay the appropriate contribution, if a creditor of the company requests relevant parties to bear corresponding liabilities in accordance with Article 13 or Article 14 herein, the people's court shall uphold such a request.
第十九条有限责任公司的股东未履行或者未全面履行出资义务即转让股权,受让人对此知道或者应当知道,公司请求该股东履行出资义务、受让人对此承担连带责任的,人民法院应予支持;公司债权人依照本规定第十三条第二款向该股东提起诉讼,同时请求前述受让人对此承担连带责任的,人民法院应予支持。
受让人根据前款规定承担责任后,向该未履行或者未全面履行出资义务的股东追偿的,人民法院应予
支持。但是,当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 19 Where a shareholder of a limited liability company transfers his/her equities despite non-performance or partial performance of his/her capital contribution obligation, of which the transferee has or should have knowledge, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by the company requesting that the shareholder shall fulfill his/her capital contribution obligation and that the transferee shall be jointly and severally liable therefor. Where a creditor of the company brings a lawsuit against the shareholder in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 13, the people's court shall uphold the claim requesting the aforesaid transferee to be jointly and severally liable therefor.
Unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties concerned, after the transferee has assumed the liabilities under the preceding Paragraph, the people' court shall uphold the claim by the transferee for recourse against the shareholder who fails to perform or fully perform his/her capital contribution obligation.
第二十条公司股东未履行或者未全面履行出资义务或者抽逃出资,公司或者其他股东请求其向公司全面履行出资义务或者返还出资,被告股东以诉讼时效为由进行抗辩的,人民法院不予支持。
公司债权人的债权未过诉讼时效期间,其依照本规定第十三条第二款、第十四条第二款的规定请求未履行或者未全面履行出资义务或者抽逃出资的股东承担赔偿责任,被告股东以出资义务或者返还出资义务超过诉讼时效期间为由进行抗辩的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 20 Where a shareholder of a company fails to perform or fully perform his/her capital contribution obligation or withdraws his/her contribution, and the company or other shareholders request the shareholder to make or return full contribution to the company, the people's court shall not uphold the defense made by the shareholder on the ground of limitation.
Where within the limitation of action for his/her creditor's right, a creditor of the company, in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 13 or Paragraph 2 of Article 14 herein, requests the shareholder who fails to perform or fully perform his/her capital contribution obligation or withdraws his/her contribution to bear the liability for compensation, the people's court shall not uphold the defense made by the defendant shareholder on the ground that the limitation of action for making or returning the contribution has lapsed.
第二十一条当事人之间对是否已履行出资义务发生争议,原告提供对股东履行出资义务产生合理怀疑证据的,被告股东应当就其已履行出资义务承担举证责任。
Article 21 In the event that the parties concerned dispute over whether the capital contribution obligation has been fulfilled, if the plaintiff furnishes evidence substantiating his/her reasonable doubt over the fulfillment of the capital contribution obligation by the shareholder, the defendant shareholder shall bear the burden of proof to prove that he/she has fulfilled the obligation.
第二十二条当事人向人民法院起诉请求确认其股东资格的,应当以公司为被告,与案件争议股权有利害关系的人作为第三人参加诉讼。
Article 22 A party that brings a lawsuit to the people's court for affirming his/her shareholder qualification shall list the company as the defendant. Parties with an interest in the disputed equities shall attend the proceedings as third parties.
第二十三条当事人之间对股权归属发生争议,一方请求人民法院确认其享有股权的,应当证明以下事实之一:
(一)已经依法向公司出资或者认缴出资,且不违反法律法规强制性规定;
(二)已经受让或者以其他形式继受公司股权,且不违反法律法规强制性规定。
Article 23 Where the parties concerned dispute over the ownership of certain equities, the party requesting the people's court to affirm his/her ownership of the equities shall prove any of the following facts:
(1) That he/she has made, or subscribed to the contribution to the company, and the contribution or subscription is not in violation of the mandatory provisions of laws and regulations; or
(2) That he/she has succeeded to the equities of the company as a transferee or in other forms, and the succession is not in violation of the mandatory provisions of laws and regulations.
第二十四条当事人依法履行出资义务或者依法继受取得股权后,公司未根据公司法第三十二条、第
三十三条的规定签发出资证明书、记载于股东名册并办理公司登记机关登记,当事人请求公司履行上述义务的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 24 Where, after a party concerned has performed his/her capital contribution obligation
or succeeded to the equities in accordance with the law, the company fails to issue thereto the capital contribution certificate, register the party as a shareholder in the register of shareholders or register the
party with the relevant company registration authority in accordance with Article 32 or Article 33 of the
Company Law, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by the party requesting the company to
fulfill the said obligations.
第二十五条有限责任公司的实际出资人与名义出资人订立合同,约定由实际出资人出资并享有投资权益,以名义出资人为名义股东,实际出资人与名义股东对该合同效力发生争议的,如无合同法第五十二条规定的情形,人民法院应当认定该合同有效。
前款规定的实际出资人与名义股东因投资权益的归属发生争议,实际出资人以其实际履行了出资义务为由向名义股东主张权利的,人民法院应予支持。名义股东以公司股东名册记载、公司登记机关登记为由否认实际出资人权利的,人民法院不予支持。
实际出资人未经公司其他股东半数以上同意,请求公司变更股东、签发出资证明书、记载于股东名册、记载于公司章程并办理公司登记机关登记的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 25 Where the actual investor of a limited liability company has concluded a contract
with the nominee investor specifying that the actual investor shall make the contribution and therefore acquire the investment equities and that the nominee investor shall be registered as the nominee shareholder, and the actual investor and the nominee shareholder now dispute over the validity of the contract, the people's court shall determine the contract as valid as long as no circumstance prescribed by Article 52 of the Contract Law exists.
In the event that the actual investor referred to in the preceding Paragraph has disputes with the
nominee shareholder over the ownership of investment equities, the people's court shall uphold the
claim against the nominee shareholder made by the actual investor on the ground that he/she has performed the actual capital contribution obligation. The people's court shall not uphold the defense made by the nominee shareholder denying the rights of the actual investor by replying on the record of the register of shareholders or the registration with the relevant company registration authority.
The people's court shall not uphold the claim made by the actual investor, without the consent of
more than half of all other shareholders of the company, requesting the company to change its
shareholders, issue the capital contribution certificate, record him/her in the register of shareholders,
record him/her in the company's articles of association, and to register with the company registration authority concerned.
第二十六条名义股东将登记于其名下的股权转让、质押或者以其他方式处分,实际出资人以其对于股权享有实际权利为由,请求认定处分股权行为无效的,人民法院可以参照物权法第一百零六条的规定处理。
名义股东处分股权造成实际出资人损失,实际出资人请求名义股东承担赔偿责任的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 26 Where a nominee shareholder transfers, pledges or otherwise disposes of the equities registered under his/her name, and the actual investor, on the ground that he/she has the actual entitlement to the equities, requests the people's court to determine the equity disposal as invalid, the people's court may handle the case with reference to Article 106 the Property Law.
If the actual investor suffers losses because of the equity disposal by the nominee shareholder, the people's court shall uphold the claim made by the actual investor requesting the nominee shareholder to bear the liability for compensation.
第二十七条公司债权人以登记于公司登记机关的股东未履行出资义务为由,请求其对公司债务不能清偿的部分在未出资本息范围内承担补充赔偿责任,股东以其仅为名义股东而非实际出资人为由进行抗辩的,人民法院不予支持。
名义股东根据前款规定承担赔偿责任后,向实际出资人追偿的,人民法院应予支持。
Article 27 Where a creditor of a company, on the ground that a shareholder registered with the relevant company registration authority fails to perform his/her capital contribution obligation, requests
the people's court to order the shareholder to be additionally liable, to the extent of the principal and interest not contributed, for compensating the debts of the company that are unable to be repaid, the people's court shall not uphold the defense made by the shareholder that he/she is only a nominee shareholder rather than an actual investor.
The people's court shall uphold the claim for recourse against the actual investor made by the nominee shareholder who has paid the compensation in accordance with the preceding Paragraph.
第二十八条股权转让后尚未向公司登记机关办理变更登记,原股东将仍登记于其名下的股权转让、质押或者以其他方式处分,受让股东以其对于股权享有实际权利为由,请求认定处分股权行为无效的,人民法院可以参照物权法第一百零六条的规定处理。
原股东处分股权造成受让股东损失,受让股东请求原股东承担赔偿责任、对于未及时办理变更登记有过错的董事、高级管理人员或者实际控制人承担相应责任的,人民法院应予支持;受让股东对于未及时办理变更登记也有过错的,可以适当减轻上述董事、高级管理人员或者实际控制人的责任。
Article 28Where, after equity transfer but before registration of changes with the relevant company registration authority, the original shareholder transfers, pledges or otherwise disposes of the equities still registered thereunder, and the transferee shareholder requests the people's court to determine the disposal as invalid on the ground that he/she has the actual entitlement to the equities, the people's court may handle the case with reference to Article 106 of the Property Law.
If the transferee shareholder suffers losses because of the equity disposal by the original shareholder, and therefore requests the people's court to order the original shareholder to bear the liability for compensation and the director, senior management person or the actual controller who is at fault for the delayed registration of changes to bear corresponding liabilities, the people's court shall uphold the request. In the event that the transferee shareholder him/herself is also at fault for the delayed registration, the people's court may appropriately consider mitigating punishments against the said director, senior management person or the actual controller.
第二十九条冒用他人名义出资并将该他人作为股东在公司登记机关登记的,冒名登记行为人应当承担相应责任;公司、其他股东或者公司债权人以未履行出资义务为由,请求被冒名登记为股东的承担补足出资责任或者对公司债务不能清偿部分的赔偿责任的,人民法院不予支持。
Article 29 If a person fraudulently uses the name of another person to make contribution and registers this other person as a shareholder with a company registration authority, the first-mentioned person shall bear the corresponding liabilities. The people's court shall not uphold the claim made by the company, other shareholders or a creditor of the company requesting the person whose name is fraudulently used by the personator for registration as a shareholder to make good the contribution or be liable for compensating the debts of the company that are unable to be repaid on the ground that he/she has failed to perform the capital contribution obligation.
新公司法司法解释一、二、三 新公司法司法解释一、二、三 中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告 《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定（一）》已于2006年3月27日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1382次会议通过，现予公布，自2006年5月9日起施行。 二○○六年四月二十八日 为正确适用2005年10月27日十届全国人大常委会第十八次会议修订的《中华人民共和国公司法》，对人民法院在审理相关的民事纠纷案件中，具体适用公司法的有关问题规定如下： 第一条公司法实施后，人民法院尚未审结的和新受理的民事案件，其民事行为或事件发生在公司法实施以前的，适用当时的法律法规和司法解释。 第二条因公司法实施前有关民事行为或者事件发生 纠纷起诉到人民法院的，如当时的法律法规和司法解释没有明确规定时，可参照适用公司法的有关规定。
第三条原告以公司法第二十二条第二款、第七十五条第二款规定事由，向人民法院提起诉讼时，超过公司法规定期限的，人民法院不予受理。 第四条公司法第一百五十二条规定的180日以上连续持股期间，应为股东向人民法院提起诉讼时，已期满的持股时间；规定的合计持有公司百分之一以上股份，是指两个以上股东持股份额的合计。 第五条人民法院对公司法实施前已经终审的案件依法进行再审时，不适用公司法的规定。 第六条本规定自公布之日起实施。 新公司法司法解释二 重视股东利益保护的新《公司法》赋予了公司股东一系列广泛的权利，并且规定当股东利益受到侵害时可以通过诉讼这种司法救济措施来维护权利。由此，公司诉讼开始迈向多元化时代，一批新类型的公司诉讼进入了司法领域，这些新类型包括：(1)股东对股东会、董事会的决议依法请求确认无效或撤销之诉(第22条);(2)有限责任公司股东“要求公司提供查阅会计账簿”之诉(第34条);(3)有限责任公司异议股东的退股权保护之诉(第75条);(4)因董事会或监事会怠于行使职权而产生的股东派生诉讼制度(第152条);(5)针对董事和公司高管侵犯公司权益的股东直接诉讼制度(第153条);(6)公司出现僵局时股东享有解散公司诉讼权
The company has complied with the court order. 公司履行了法院的命令。 The company has fulfilled all the terms of the agreement. 公司已经履行了全部协议中的条款。 The company intends to sue for damages. 公司打算提起赔偿之诉。 The company is controlled by the majority shareholder1. 公司受控股股东的控制。 The company is presumed to be still solvent2. 公司被推定有偿还能力。 The company is resisting the takeover bid. 公司正在抵制以接管为目的的高价征购股份。 The company's action was completely legal. 公司的行为完全合法。 A company director owes a fiduciary3 duty to the company. 公司董事应对公司负受托人的责任。 A company is regarded by the law as a person: an artificial person. 公司被法律认作为“人”：“拟制人”
An enterprise as a legal person shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered. 企业法人应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营。 He is a director appointed under the articles of the company. 他是一名按公司章程任命的董事。 Prior to application for registration4, the share capital must be stipulated5 in the Articles and all shares must be subscribed6. 在申请注册登记前，在公司章程中必须载明股本额，并且所有股份必须认购完毕。The chairman was personally liable for the company's debts. 董事长对公司债务承担个人责任。 The domicile of a legal person or other organization is at the place of its principal business establishment. 法人或其他组织以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。 The legal adviser7 recommended applying for an injunction against the directors of the company. 公司法律顾问建议申请针对公司董事会的强制令。 The major methods used to reconstitute the company are acquisition of companies and merging8. 公司重组的方式有公司收购和公司兼并。 The profits and losses of the equity9 joint10 venture shall be shared by the parties in proportion to their contributions of the registered capital. 合资企业各方应按其出资额在注册资本中的比例分享利润及亏损。 The resolution was invalid11 because the shareholder's meeting was not quorate.
公司法法律法规及司法解释汇编 目录 第一章法律及司法解释 (9) 1. 中华人民共和国公司法 (9) 2. 最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题 的规定（一） (82) 3. 最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题 的规定（二） (84) 4. 最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题 的规定（三） (95) 5. 最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题 的规定（四） (107) 6、最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题 的规定（五） (115) 第二章公司证券与上市 (119) 1. 首次公开发行股票并上市管理办法 (119) 2. 国务院关于股份有限公司境内上市外资股的规定 (136) 3. 首次公开发行股票并在创业板上市管理办法 (145) 4. 证券发行与承销管理办法 (162) 5. 上市公司证券发行管理办法 (182)
7. 区域性股权市场监督管理试行办法 (235) 8. 上市公司股权分置改革管理办法 (256) 9. 上市公司股权激励管理办法 (271) 第三章公司登记管理 (291) 1. 公司注册资本登记管理规定 (291) 2. 中华人民共和国企业法人登记管理条例 (298) 3. 中华人民共和国公司登记管理条例 (312) 4. 企业名称登记管理实施办法 (341) 5. 企业经营范围登记管理规定 (353) 第四章公司财会 (360) 1. 企业财务会计报告条例 (360) 2. 企业会计准则——基本准则 (374) 3. 企业资产损失财务处理暂行办法 (386) 4. 企业财务通则 (391) 第五章公司治理 (410) 1. 上市公司与投资者关系工作指引 (410) 2. 上市公司治理准则 (418) 3. 上市公司现场检查办法 (483) 4. 上市公司股东大会规则 (493) 5. 国有企业监事会暂行条例 (513) 6. 上市公司信息披露管理办法 (521)
最高人民法院 关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定（四） (法院系统征求意见稿) （内部材料，请勿外传） 为正确适用《中华人民共和国公司法》，结合审判实践，就人民法院审理有关股东权益的民商事纠纷案件适用法律问题作如下规定。 一、公司股东会、股东大会、董事会决议无效和撤销纠纷（共九条） 第一条（无效之诉的原告） 与股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议内容有直接利害关系的公司股东、董事、监事、高级管理人员和公司职工，起诉请求确认股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议无效的，人民法院应当受理。 第二条（撤销之诉的原告股东身份） 依据公司法第二十二条提起股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议撤销之诉的原告，应在会议决议形成并至起诉时持续具有公司股东身份。 第三条（无效和撤销之诉当事人的诉讼地位） 原告起诉请求确认股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议无效或者撤销上述决议案件，应当列公司为被告，对决议涉及的相关利害关系人，可以列为共同被告或者第三人。
他人以与原告相同理由请求参加诉讼的，应当列为共同原告。 第四条（决议无效及表见决议、决议不存在的处理） 股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议存在下列情形之一，原告起诉请求确定相关决议无效或者部分内容无效的，人民法院应予以支持：（一）股份有限公司未召集股东大会即形成股东大会决议，有限责任公司未召集股东会且全体股东未在决定文件上签名、盖章即形成股东会决议； （二）股东会或者股东大会、董事会未进行表决或者虽然进行了表决，但表决比例未达到公司法、公司章程规定的多数； （三）股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议与其会议记录内容不符，且公司不能证明会议记录内容存在错误； （四）股东会、股东大会决议的股东签名或者董事会决议的董事签名系伪造的，且被伪造签名的股东或者董事所代表的表决权被扣除后，表决比例达不到公司法或者公司章程规定的多数； （五）股东会或者股东大会决议内容损害中小股东利益或者损害社会公共利益； （六）股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议内容有其他违反法律、行政法规强制性规定的情形； 第五条（未通知召开股东会议的处理） 股东以未被通知召开会议为由起诉请求确认股东会、股东大会决议无效或者请求撤销股东会、股东大会决议的，人民法院应当根据下列情况分别作出处理：
【Statute Title】Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (2005 Revision)[现行有效] 【法规标题】中华人民共和国公司法(2005修订) [Effective] Promulgation date:10-27-2005 Effective date:01-01-2006 Department:Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Subject:Companies 发布日期：2005-10-27 生效日期：2006-01-01 发布部门：全国人大常委会类别：公司 Order of the President (No. 42 [2005]) The Company Law of the People’s Republic of China was amended and adopted at the 18th session of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on October 27, 2005. The amended Company Law of the People’s Republic of China is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on January 1, 2006. President of the People’s Republic of China Hu Jintao October 27, 2005 Company Law of the People’s Republic of China (Adopted at the Fifth Se ssion of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People’s Congress on December 29, 1993. Revised for the first time on December 25, 1999 according to the Decision of the Thirteenth Session of the Standing Commit tee of the Ninth People’s Congress on Amending the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China. Revised for the second time on August 28, 2004 according to the Decision of the 11th Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on Amending the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China. Revised for the third time at the 18th Session of the 10th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on October 27, 2005) Contents Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Establishment and Organizational Structure of A Limited Liability Company Section 1 Establishment Section 2 Organizational structure Section 3 Special Provisions on One-person Limited Liability Companies Section 4 Special Provisions on Wholly State-owned Companies Chapter III Transfer of Stock Right of A Limited Liability Company Chapter IV Establishment and Organizational Structure of A Joint Stock Limited Company Section 1 Establishment Section 2 Shareholders’ Assembly Section 3 Board of Directors, Managers Section 4 Board of Supervisors Section 5 Special Provisions on the Organizational Structure of A Listed Company Chapter V Issuance and Transfer of Shares of A Joint Stock Limited Company Section 1 Issuance of Shares Section 2 Transfer of Shares Chapter VI Qualifications and Obligations of the Directors, Supervisors and Senior Managers of A Company Chapter VII Corporate Bonds Chapter VIII Financial Affairs and Accounting of A Company Chapter IX Merger and Split-up of Company; Increase and Deduction of Registered Capital Chapter X Dissolution and Liquidation of A Company Chapter XI Branches of Foreign Companies Chapter XII Legal Liabilities Chapter XIII Supplementary Provisions 中华人民共和国主席令 （第42号） 《中华人民共和国公司法》已由中华人民共和国第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于2005年10月27日修订通过，现将修订后的《中华人民共和国公司法》公布，自2006年1月1日起施行。 中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛 2005年10月27日 中华人民共和国公司法 （1993年12月29日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过根据1999年12月25日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第一次修正根据2004年8月28日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国公司法〉的决定》第二次修正2005年10月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议修订） 目录 第一章总则 第二章有限责任公司的设立和组织机构 第一节设立 第二节组织机构 第三节一人有限责任公司的特别规定 第四节国有独资公司的特别规定 第三章有限责任公司的股权转让 第四章股份有限公司的设立和组织机构 第一节设立 第二节股东大会 第三节董事会、经理 第四节监事会 第五节上市公司组织机构的特别规定
公司法英文版（1）- ; Where the board of directors or executive director cannot or does not perform its function, the shareholders meeting shall be convened and presided over by the board of supervisors or the supervisor in the absence of a board of supervisors. Where the board of supervisors or supervisor cannot or does not perform its function, the meeting shall be convened and presided over by shareholders representing more than one-tenth of the voting rights. ; Article 42 ; All shareholders shall be notified fifteen (15) days prior to the convening of a shareholders meeting, unless otherwise stipulated by the articles of association or agreed upon by all shareholders. ; The shareholders meeting shall prepare minutes regarding the decisions on matters considered at the meeting, which shall be signed by the shareholders present at the meeting. ; Article 43 ; Shareholders shall exercise their voting rights at the shareholders meeting in proportion to their capital contributions, unless otherwise stipulated by the articles of association. ; Article 44 ; Except as provided for in this Law, the rules of deliberation and voting procedures of the shareholders meeting shall be stipulated by the articles of association of the company. ; Resolutions of the shareholders meeting on the increase or
合同编号：xxxxxxx 国际股份有限公司管理条例中英文对照参考文本 甲方： 乙方： 签订时间： 签订地点：
Interpretation 释义 1．IntheseRegulations 一、在本章程中 "Act"meansthecompaniesAct; "法规"(Act)指《公司法》； "seal"meansthecommonsealofthecompany; “印鉴”指公司的通常印鉴； "secretary"meansanypersonappointedtoperformthedutiesofa secretaryofthecompany; “书记员”(secretary）指任何被指派履行公司书记员职务的人； 如无相反旨意，书面表达形式应解释为包括铅印、版印、影印及其他以可见形式呈现或复制文字的模式； wordsorexpressionscontainedintheseRegulationsshallbeint erpretedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheInterpretationAct, andoftheActasinforceatthedateatwhichtheseRegulationsbecomebi ndingonthecompany． 本章程所含的单词和词组应按《法律解释法》以及本章程对公司产生约束力之日有效的《公司法》的规定予以解释。 Sharecapitalandvariationofrights 股本和权利类别 2．Withoutprejudicetoanyspecialrightspreviouslyconferre
公司法司法解释若干问题的规定(三)
中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告 《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定（三）》已于2010年12月6日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1504次会议通过，现予公布，自2011年2月16日施行。 二○一一年一月二十七日 最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定（三） （2010年12月6日最高人民法院审判委员会第1504次会议通过，法释〔2011〕3号） 为正确适用《中华人民共和国公司法》，结合审判实践，就人民法院审理公司设立、出资、股权确认等纠纷案件适用法律问题作出如下规定。 第一条为设立公司而签署公司章程、向公司认购出资或者股份并履行公司设立职责的人，应当认定为公司的发起人，包括有限责任公司设
立时的股东。 第二条发起人为设立公司以自己名义对外签订合同，合同相对人请求该发起人承担合同责任的，人民法院应予支持。 公司成立后对前款规定的合同予以确认，或者已经实际享有合同权利或者履行合同义务，合同相对人请求公司承担合同责任的，人民法院应予支持。 第三条发起人以设立中公司名义对外签订合同，公司成立后合同相对人请求公司承担合同责任的，人民法院应予支持。 公司成立后有证据证明发起人利用设立中公司的名义为自己的利益与相对人签订合同，公司以此为由主张不承担合同责任的，人民法院应予支持，但相对人为善意的除外。
第四条公司因故未成立，债权人请求全体或者部分发起人对设立公司行为所产生的费用和债务承担连带清偿责任的，人民法院应予支持。 部分发起人依照前款规定承担责任后，请求其他发起人分担的，人民法院应当判令其他发起人按照约定的责任承担比例分担责任；没有约定责任承担比例的，按照约定的出资比例分担责任；没有约定出资比例的，按照均等份额分担责任。 因部分发起人的过错导致公司未成立，其他发起人主张其承担设立行为所产生的费用和债务的，人民法院应当根据过错情况，确定过错一方的责任范围。 第五条发起人因履行公司设立职责造成他人损害，公司成立后受害人请求公司承担侵权赔偿责任的，人民法院应予支持；公司未成立，
《公司法司法解释四》征求意见稿√ 一、关于公司股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议效力案件 第一条（确认之诉的原告） 公司股东、董事、监事及与股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议内容有直接利害关系的公司高级管理人员、职工、债权人等，依据公司法第二十二条第一款起诉请求确认决议无效或者有效的，应当依法受理。 第二条（撤销之诉的原告） 依据公司法第二十二条第二款起诉请求撤销股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议的原告，应当在起诉时具有公司股东身份。案件受理后不再具有公司股东身份的，应当驳回起诉。 第三条（当事人的诉讼地位） 原告起诉请求确认本规定第四条规定的决议不存在、本规定第五条规定的未形成有效决议，以及确认决议无效、有效或者撤销决议案件，应当列公司为被告。 他人在一审法庭辩论结束前以与原告相同的诉讼请求申请参加诉讼，其诉讼主体资格符合民事诉讼法、公司法规定的，应当列为共同原告。 第四条（决议不存在） 本规定第一条规定的原告有证据证明系争决议存在下列情形之一，请求确认决议不存在的，应予支持： （一）公司未召开股东会或者股东大会、董事会，但是公司按照公司法第三十七条第二款或者公司章程的规定不召开股东会或者股东大会而直接作出决定，并由全体股东在决定文件上签名、盖章的除外； （二）公司召开股东会或者股东大会、董事会，但是未对决议进行表决。 第五条（未形成有效决议） 公司召开股东会或者股东大会、董事会并作出决议，但是本规定第一条规定的原告有证据证明存在下列情形之一，请求确认未形成有效决议的，应予支持： （一）出席会议的人数或者股东所持表决权不符合公司章程的规定； （二）决议通过比例不符合公司法或者公司章程的规定；
公司法英文对照（1）- ; TABLE OF CONTENTS ; 第一章：总则Chapter One：General Provisions ; 第二章：有限责任公司的设立和组织机构Chapter Two：Establishment and Organs of Limited Liability Company ; 第一节：设立Section One Establishment ; 第二节：组织机构Section Two Organs ; 第三节：国有独资公司Section Three. Wholly State-owned Company ; 第三章：股份有限公司的设立和组织机构Chapter Three：Establishment and Organs of Joint Stock Limited Company
; 第一节：设立Section One. Establishment ; 第二节：股东大会Section Two. Shareholders’ general committee ; 第三节：董事会、经理Section Three. Board Of Directors And General Manager ; 第四节：监事会Section Four. Board Of Supervisors ; 第四章：股份有限公司的股份发行和转让Chapter Four：Issue and Transfer of Shares of Joint Stock Limited Company ; 第一节：股份发行Section One. Issue Of Shares ; 第二节：股份转让Section Two. Transfer Of Shares ; 第三节：上市公司Section Three. Listed Company
公司法司法解释四重点条文解读 作者：法逐年华 日期：2017-08-29 一、公司决议的效力 1.（公司法司法解释四）第一条公司股东、董事、监事等请求确认股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议无效或者不成立的，人民法院应当依法予以受理。 （公司法司法解释四征求意见稿）第一条公司股东、董事、监事及与股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议容有直接利害关系的公司高级管理人员、职工、债权人等，依据公司法第二十二条第一款起诉请求确认决议无效或者有效的，应当依法受理。 解读：公司法司法解释四的条款规定了股东会、股东大会、董事会形成决议的成立问题和效力问题。该条款丰富了《公司法》第二十二条决议无效和可撤销的情形，增加了“决议不成立”，逻辑上更为周延。笔者认为该条款弥补了公司法上关于处理“决议不成立”的缺失，为以后关于决议的成立性问题提供了依据。 该条款与公司法司法解释四征求意见稿（以下简称“征求意见稿”）相比，主要在请求确认决议无效和不成立的主体上发生了变化，该条款将主体固定为“公司股东、董事、监事等”，删除了“公司高级管理人员、职工、债权人”，从这个层面而言，该条款的解释取向在于请求确认决议的效力在于公司部人员，将职工、债权人等“非属于公司治理人员”排除在外。 2.（公司法司法解释四）第二条依据公司法第二十二条第二款请求撤销股东会或者
股东大会、董事会决议的原告，应当在起诉时具有公司股东资格。 （公司法司法解释四征求意见稿）依据公司法第二十二条第二款起诉请求撤销股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议的原告，应当在起诉时具有公司股东身份。案件受理后不再具有公司股东身份的，应当驳回起诉。 解读：本规定是关于公司决议的撤销问题。公司法司法解释四和征求意见高相比，主要变化在于公司法司法解释四删除了“案件受理后不再具有公司股东身份的，应当驳回起诉。”本条规定的删除，考虑到司法实践中的股权转让等情形，同时结合《公司法》第二十二条第二款之规定，适用本条规定的身份前提是“公司股东”。 3.（公司法司法解释四）第三条原告请求确认股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议不成立、无效或者撤销决议的案件，应当列公司为被告。对决议涉及的其他利害关系人，可以依法列为第三人。 一审法庭辩论终结前,其他有原告资格的人以相同的诉讼请求申请参加前款规定诉讼的，可以列为共同原告。 （公司法司法解释四征求意见稿）第三条原告起诉请求确认本规定第四条规定的决议不存在、本规定第五条规定的未形成有效决议，以及确认决议无效、有效或者撤销决议案件，应当列公司为被告。 他人在一审法庭辩论结束前以与原告相同的诉讼请求申请参加诉讼，其诉讼主体资格符合民事诉讼法、公司法规定的，应当列为共同原告。 解读：本条款规定了请求确认协议无效、未成立、被撤销情形下由“公司”作为被告的情形。发生的变化在于其他有原告资格的人以相同的诉讼请求申请参加前款规定诉讼的，公司法司法解释四将征求意见稿件的“应当列为共同原告”修改为“可以列为共同原告”。笔者认为，发生这一变化，从原来的必要的共同诉讼人变成了普通共同诉讼人，按照这种逻辑，
法律英语：公司法常用的基本句型 1.A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company。 公司董事应对公司负受托人的责任。 2.A company is regarded by the law as a person: an artificial person。 公司被法律认作为“人”：“拟制人” 3.An enterprise as a legal person shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered。 企业法人应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营。 4.He is a director appointed under the articles of the company。 他是一名按公司章程任命的董事。 5.Prior to application for registration, the share capital must be stipulated in the Articles and all shares must be subscribed。 在申请注册登记前，在公司章程中必须载明股本额，并且所有股份必须认购完毕。 6.The chairman was personally liable for the company's debts。 董事长对公司债务承担个人责任。
7.The company has complied with the court order。 公司履行了法院的命令。 8.The company has fulfilled all the terms of the agreement。 公司已经履行了全部协议中的条款。 9.The company intends to sue for damages。 公司打算提起赔偿之诉。 10.The company is controlled by the majority shareholder。 公司受控股股东的控制。 11.The company is presumed to be still solvent。 公司被推定有偿还能力。 12.The company is resisting the takeover bid。 公司正在抵制以接管为目的的高价征购股份。 13.The company's action was completely legal。 公司的行为完全合法。 14.The domicile of a legal person or other organization is at the place of its principal business establishment。 法人或其他组织以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。
公司法司法解释（一、二、三、四） 1、最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定（一）《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定（一）》已于2006年3月27日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1382次会议通过，现予公布，自2006年5月9日起施行。 二○○六年四月二十八日 法释〔2006〕3号 最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定（一）（2006年3月27日最高人民法院审判委员会第1382次会议通过） 为正确适用2005年10月27日十届全国人大常委会第十八次会议修订的《中华人民共和国公司法》，对人民法院在审理相关的民事纠纷案件中，具体适用公司法的有关问题规定如下： 第一条公司法实施后，人民法院尚未审结的和新受理的民事案件,其民事行为或事件发生在公司法实施以前的，适用当时的法律法规和司法解释。 第二条因公司法实施前有关民事行为或者事件发生纠纷起诉到人民法院的，如当时的法律法规和司法解释没有明确规定时，可参照适用公司法的有关规定。第三条原告以公司法第二十二条第二款、第七十五条第二款规定事由，向人民法院提起诉讼时，超过公司法规定期限的，人民法院不予受理。 第四条公司法第一百五十二条规定的180日以上连续持股期间，应为股东向人民法院提起诉讼时，已期满的持股时间；规定的合计持有公司百分之一以上股份，是指两个以上股东持股份额的合计。 第五条人民法院对公司法实施前已经终审的案件依法进行再审时，不适用公司法的规定。 第六条本规定自公布之日起实施。 2、最高人民法院关于适用《中华人民共和国公司法》若干问题的规定（二）（法释〔2008〕6号，2008年5月5日最高人民法院审判委员会第1447次会议通过） 中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告 《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定（二）》已于2008年5月5日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1447次会议通过。现予公布，自2008年5月19日起施行。 二○○八年五月十二日 为正确适用《中华人民共和国公司法》，结合审判实践，就人民法院审理公司解散和清算案件适用法律问题作出如下规定。
Article 1This Law is enacted in order to standardize the organization and behavior of companies, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of companies, shareholders and creditors, to maintain the socio-economic order and to promote the development of the socialist market economy. Article 2For the purposes of this Law, the term company refers to a company with limited liability or a company limited by shares incorporated within the territory of the People’s Republic of China in accordance with this Law. Article 3 A company is an enterprise legal person, which has independent property of a legal person and enjoys the property rights of a legal person. The company shall be liable for its debts to the extent of its entire property. Shareholders of a company with limited liability shall assume liability towards the company to the extent of the capital contributions subscribed respectively by them; and the shareholders of a company limited by shares shall assume liability towards the company to the extent of the shares subscribed respectively by them. Article 4The shareholders of a company shall, in accordance with law, enjoy such rights as benefiting from the assets of the company, participation in making major decisions and selection of managerial personnel. Article 5In its operational activities, a company shall abide by laws and administrative regulations, observe social morals and commercial ethics, persist in honesty and good faith, accept supervision by the government and the public, and assume social responsibility. The legitimate rights and interests of companies shall be protected by law, and shall be inviolable. Article 6Where an entity intends to incorporate a company, it shall, in accordance with law, apply to a company registration authority for registration of such incorporation. Where the conditions for incorporation provided for by this Law are met, the company registration authority shall have the company registered as a company with limited liability or a company limited by shares; and where the said conditions are not met, the company shall not be registered as one with limited liability or as one limited by shares. Where laws or administrative regulations provide that approval is required for incorporation of a company, the procedures of approval shall be completed according to law prior to registration of the company. The public may apply to the company registration authority for inquiry about the items registered by a company, and the authority shall provide services for such inquiry. Article 7The company registration authority shall issue a business license to a company incorporated according to law. The date on which the business license is issued shall be the date on which a company is incorporated. In the business license of a company shall clearly be stated such items as the name, domicile, registered capital, actually received capital, scope of business and name of the legal representative of the company. Where the items stated in the business license of a company are altered, the company shall have the alterations registered according to law, and the company registration authority shall renew its business license. Article 8 A company with limited liability incorporated according to this Law shall have the words “company with limited liability” or “limited company” indicated in its name.