当前位置:文档之家› 考研辅导讲义(1-2周) Microsoft Word 文档

考研辅导讲义(1-2周) Microsoft Word 文档

考研辅导讲义(1-2周) Microsoft Word 文档
考研辅导讲义(1-2周) Microsoft Word 文档

Translation

Lecturer: Gu Jimei

第一章考研翻译简介

一、题型与评分标准

二、考题所涉及的内容

三、考题的特点

四、解题策略

一、题型与评分标准

?共五小题,每小题2分,共10分。要求阅读一篇400词左右的文章,将其中五个划线部分(约150词)的句子翻译成准确、完整、通顺的汉语。

?如果译文明显扭曲原意,该句得分最多不超过0.5分。

?如果提供两个或两个以上的译法,若均正确,给分;若其中一个译法有误,按错误译法评分。

?中文错别字不个别扣分,按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下,满3个错别字扣0.5分,无0.25扣分。

Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed (0.5分) in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers (0.5分) rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person (1分). (2007)

长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一直被视为律师所专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

二、考题所涉及的内容

?大多涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。

?基本上是议论文体裁。

2008 达尔文

2007 法律知识对记者工作的重要性

2006 知识分子的定位

2005 电视传媒

2004 语言与思维的关系

2003 社会科学

2002 行为科学

2001 未来社会的机器人

2000 政府的经济调控政策

1999 历史研究的方法论

1998 天体物理学中的大爆炸理论

1997 动物的权利

1996 科学发展的差别和动力

1995 标准化测试与评估

1994 科学家、技术与科学发展的关系

1993 科学研究的方法

1992 智力评估的科学性

1991 能源与农业

1990 人的性格和行为分析

三、考题的特点

?1、句型结构

较长,结构复杂,包含多个从句

While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. (1999)

几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

?2、用词特征

1)意思抽象,用法灵活

conforms to; modern practice; definition

?科技方面的术语和专有名词

cosmic clouds; the Big Bang; ground-based detectors

?2)一词多义

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. (2003)

?3)代词的翻译

?英汉代词使用的差异

There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (2001)

届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标/ 违规,监控器就会使其停驶。

?3、句子的表达习惯

?常常难以和汉语语序和结构对等理解

Science moved forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (1994)

他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普遍的东西。

四、解题策略:拆分与组合

1、理解英语原文,拆分语法结构

基本原则:主句/从句,主干部分/修饰部分

连词:并列连词,从属连词

关系词:关系代词,关系副词

介词:介词短语做修饰语

不定式符号to:不定式短语做状语或定语

分词:过去分词,现在分词

标点符号:断句

?Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(35词,2003年)

?Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and

?①主句②定语从句

?their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner

?③方式状语

?that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

?④定语从句

2、调整原文顺序,组合汉语译文

1)主句——社会科学是知识探索的一个分支;

2)定语从句——它试图研究人类及其行为;

3)方式状语——它试图以一种……的方式来研究人类及其行为;

4)定语从句——自然科学家用来研究自然现象那样的方式;

5)整合——

社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

?四读翻译法

1、读英语

2、还是读英语

3、仍然读英语

4、读汉语

?一读——最多30秒;拆分句子,即断句。

考虑断句点有哪些?

主句/从句,主干部分/修饰部分

连词;关系词;介词;不定式符号to;分词;标点符号。

?二读——30秒;开始写汉字,打草稿。

以一小节一小节为主。

?三读——连汉字,书写译文。

有意义的单词用汉字写出来;

适当调整,适当增减;

可同义替换。

注意顺序原则:英语顺序——英语不通——汉语顺序。

?四读——汉语,3至4秒,修改译文。

修改角度:

1.有否漏译、错译。保证主谓宾完整;

2.有否错别字,是否通顺;

3.同义替换,适当调整,适当增减。

第二章考研翻译基础知识

一、翻译的定义

二、翻译的标准

三、翻译的过程

四、英汉语言的差异

一、翻译的定义

译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。

——唐·贾公彦:《义疏》

翻译是把一种语言(即源语)的信息用另一种语言(即译语)表达出来,使译文读者能得到原作者所表达的思想,得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。

——范仲英:《实用翻译教程》

Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.

—Nida &Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation

二、翻译的标准

考研评分标准:准确、完整、通顺

内容——忠实语言——通顺风格——得体

三、翻译的过程

1. Comprehension(理解)

2. Presentation(表达)

a sharp needle

a sharp knife

sharp eyes

a sharp child

a man of sharp features

a sharp contrast

a sharp turn

a sharp struggle

a sharp tongue

a sharp criticism

a sharp frost

When Jean graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.

简高中毕业时,把一切事情看得太简单/太乐观了。

四、英汉语言的差异

1、句子结构比较

英语—形合—语言本身的语法手段—主干结构突出—名词、介词、代词使用较多

汉语—意合—句子内部的逻辑关系—动词使用较多

The isolation of the rural world, because of distance and the lack of transport facilities, is compounded by the paucity of the information media.

由于距离远,又缺乏交通工具,使农村社会与外界隔绝,而这种隔绝,又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。

Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.

2、句子重心比较

英语—前重心

汉语—后重心

Nothing has happened since we parted.

自我们别后没发生什么事情。

Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.

生活中既然有悲剧,文学作品就可以写悲剧。

3、指称比较

英语—物称

汉语—人称

A wave of cigar smoke accompanied John in.

约翰进门时带进一缕雪茄烟雾。

My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Dorrow’s hand.

见一个个观众从他身边挤过去,争相与Dorrow握手,我同情起这位久经沙场的老将来。4、语态比较

英语—被动

汉语—主动

The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping companies.

本航海运输公司总能预见来自第三世界的挑战。

It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver. 早为人知,心与肝的关系极为密切。

第三章词义的选择和引申

一、词义的选择

1、根据词性确定词义

This light is too poor to read by. 这光线太暗不能看书。(名词)

Aluminum is a light metal. 铝是一种轻金属。(形容词)

Will you light the fire for me? 你替我点上火好吗?(动词)

2、根据上下文确定词义

Skilled manpower continues to leave the country for greener paychecks in the Middle East and North America. 专业技术人员不断离开本国,去中东和北美寻求丰厚的酬金。

I was absolutely green with envy when I saw his splendid new car. 我看到他那辆漂亮的新车就非常眼红。

They will have to employ a lot of men just as green as I am.

他们不得不雇佣许多和我一样的生手。

3、根据汉语搭配习惯确定词义

a sharp needle 尖细的针

a sharp knife 锋利的刀子

sharp eyes 敏锐的目光

a sharp child 机灵的孩子

a man of sharp features 面部轮廓分明的人

a sharp contrast 鲜明的对比

a sharp turn 急转弯

a sharp struggle 激烈的斗争

a sharp tongue 犀利的语言

a sharp criticism 尖锐的批评

a sharp frost 刺骨的严寒

二、词义的引申

1、抽象化/具体化

There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference. 过去有一个时期,移民限制极为严格,不允许任何人出于个人利益离开本国。

Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.

就某些用途来说,铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够。

2、部分/整体

When he was accused of theft, he turned red. 有人指控他行窃时,他的脸变得通红。

He has passed fifty winters. 他已经五十岁了。

第四章词性转换

?一、名词的转换

This week’s news was a timely reminder that Britain’s economic troubles are far from being over.本周新闻及时提醒我们,英国的经济困难还远未结束。

We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People. 在人民大会堂为我们举行的隆重、热烈的欢迎仪式,给我们留下了深刻的印象。

I have the honor to inform you that your application has been accepted.

我荣幸地通知您,您的申请已被接受。

二、介词的转换

1) literal translation

2) omission

3) conversion

The Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai on July 1,1921. 中国共产党于1921年7月1日在上海成立。

Smoking in public places is prohibited.

公共场所禁止吸烟。

The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology.

They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American peoples but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.

三、动词的转换

The electronic computer is characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.

The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations between the two countries on establishing diplomatic relations.

四、形容词的转换

link verb + adj.

表示意愿、态度、知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态。

→v.

able, afraid, angry, anxious, ashamed, aware, careful, cautious, certain, concerned, confident, delighted, doubtful, glad, grateful, ignorant, sorry, sure, thankful, etc.

I’m ignorant of what has happened.

Fair treatment of China by its trading partners could lead to a new era of warmer relations between China and other WTO members.

五、副词的转换

He is physically weak but mentally sound.

The paper said editorially that China has successfully survived a worldwide financial crisis.

相关主题
相关文档 最新文档