河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——动词时态，一、被动语态
一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、
状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.
3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.
汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong
to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,
believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.
2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned 就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film?
I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday.
4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：
——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room.
——She knows a lot about Shanghai.－She has been there.
5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），
join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,
finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work.
四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.
2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。
五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：They were still working when I left.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示过去将来动作。例如：He said she was arriving the next day.
七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完
成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）
2.be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
3.be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
4.be about to do (按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before 引起的时间状语连用。例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
时态考点分析
1．——Can I join your club,dad?
——You can when you______a bit older.
A.get
B.will get
C.are getting
D.will have got
析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.
2．——Oh,it’s you!I______you.
——I’ve just had my hair cut and I’m wearing new glasses.
A.didn’t recognize
B.hadn’t recognized
C.haven’t recognized
D.don’t recongnize
析：从“Oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.
3.I don’t think Jim saw me;he______into space.
A.just stared
B.was just staring
C.has just stared
D.had just stared
析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A
而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。
4.——______my glasses?
——Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A.Do you see
B.Had you seen
C.Would you see
D.Have you seen 析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。
5.You don’t need to describe her.I______her several times.
A.had met
B.have met
C.met
D.meet
析：答案B。道理同4。
6.——Do you know our town at all?
——No,this is the first time I______here.
A.was
B.have been
C.came
D.am going
析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.
7.I don’t really work here.I______until the ne w secretary arrives.
A.just help out
B.have just helped out
C.am just helping out
D.will just help out
析：根据I don’t really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。
8.——Is this raincoat yours?
——No,mine______there behind the door.
A.is hanging
B.has hung
C.hangs
D.hung
析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。
被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”
3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：She lent me a bike. 被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her).
2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the
reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.
二、主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动
look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out
true./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：
hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible 等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：
1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make
a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。
4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain 等表状态动词没有被动语态。
被动语态考点分析
1.I need one more stamp before my collection______.
A.has completed
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f510452460.html,pletes
C.has been completed
D.is completed
析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。
2.——Do you like the material?
——Yes,it______very soft.
A.is feeling
B.felt
C.feels
D.is felt
析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel 作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。
3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______.
A.have been taken place…have been set up
B.have taken place…have been set up
C.have taken place…have set up
D.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。
4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited
B.to invite
C.being invited
D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。
5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.
A.said
B.told
C.spoken
D.talked
析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为A。又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。
6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.
A.has broken into…has been stolen
B.has broken into…had been stolen
C.has been broken into…stolen
D.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。
7.I promise that the matter will______.
A.be taden care
B.be taken care of
C.take care
D.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。
8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.
A.are not kept…will have to
B.are not kept…have to
C.do not keep…will have to
D.do not keep…have to
析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。
9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.
A.first playing
B.to be first played
C.first played
D.to be first playing
析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合
in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。
10.This sentence needs______.
A.a improvement
B.improve
C.improving
D.improved
析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)
11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but
I______invited.A.am not B.haven’t been C.was not D.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn’t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。
12.——______the note______to Mr Smith?
——No,It is still in my pocket.
A.Is…being given
B.Was…given
C.Has…been given
D.Hasn’t…been given
析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。
13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York.
A.say
B.said
C.to say
D.be said
析：It was said that…可以改为We heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答
案为B。
动词时态、语态专练
1.The maths problem can be______.
A.easy worked out
B.easy to be worked out
C.easily worked out
D.easily to work out
2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.
A.has been tried
B.tried
C.is being tried
D.has tried
3.The girl is to______a rich man.
A.marry with
B.be married
C.marry to
D.be married to
4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”.
A.wrote
B.says
C.reads
D.read
5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?
A.inviting
B.being invited
C.was invited
D.to be invited
6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A.gave
B.was given
C.was giving
D.had given
7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
——He’s already been______.
A.asked for
B.sent for
C.called for
D.looked for
8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.
A.needs
B.is needing
C.was needed
D.has been needed
9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.
A.is not decided
B.are not decided
C.has not deci ded
D.have not decided
10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.
A.must find
B.will be found
C.are found
D.have been found
11.I don’t want anything______about it.
A.to say
B.said
C.saying
D.having said
12.——______that the sports meet might be put off.
——Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A.I’ve been told
B.I’ve told
C.I’m told
D.I told
13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered
B.has offered
C.are offered
D.have offered
14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.
A.speak
B.spoken
C.to speak
D.was said
15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.
A.said
B.says
C.is said
D.was said
16.——What do you think of the book?
——Oh,excellent.It’s worth______a second time.
A.to read
B.to be read
C.reading
D.being read
17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken
B.to take
C.being taken
D.taking.
18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.Given
B.to give
C.Giving
D.Having given
19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere.
——I______it right here but now it’s gone.
A.did you put;have put
B.have you put;put
C.had you put;was putting
D.were you putting;have put
20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.
A.studied
B.would study
C.had studied
D.studies
21.How long______the English party______?
A.has;been lasted
B.did;last
C.was;lasted
D.will;be lasted
22.What______you______this time next Friday?
A.will;do
B.have;been doing
C.are;doing
D.will;be doing
23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.
A.did;ring
B.would;ring
C.has;rung
D.had;rung
24.It______and the streets were still wet.
A.had been raining
B.rained
C.had been rained
D.would rain
25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.
A.is lying
B.has lain
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D.has been lying
26.We______there when it______to rain.
A.were getting;would begin
B.were about to get;began
C.had got;had begun
D.would get;began
27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.
A.should have studied
B.were going to study
C.have studied
D.should study
28.——she told me she had met you in London last year.
——______you______her since?
A.Had;met
B.Did;see
C.Would;meet
D.Have;seen
29.——When______again?
——When he______,I’ll let you know.
A.will he come;will come
B.will he come;come
C.he comes;comes
D.will he come;comes
30.Tom______for more than a week.
A.has left
B.had gone away
C.went away
D.has been away
31.——What happened to her teeth?
——She______the apple more than she could chew.
A.has bitten
B.bit
C.had been bitting
D.bites
32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.
A.finishing writing
B.to finish writing
C.having written
D.to have written
33. ——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready?
——But I______that you______me to start at once.
A.don’t realize;want
B.don’t realize;wanted
C.haven’t realized;want
D.didn’t realize;wanted
34. ——I missed the lecture last night.
——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.
A.you heared it
B.you had heard it
C.you never heard it
D.you hadn’t heard it
35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.
A.finished
B.am going to finish
C.will finish
D.have finished
36. ——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it.
——It’s 9586442.
A.didn’t
B.couldn’t
C.don’t
D.can’t
37. ——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes.
A.have been
B.had been
C.was
D.will be
38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.
A.spoke;had forgotten
B.spoke;have forgotten
C.had spoedn;had forgotten
D.had spoken;have forgotten
39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
A.will arrive
B.arrives
C.is going to arrive
D.is arriving
40. ——Who is Jerry Cooper?
——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A.Don’t you meet him yet
B.Hadn’t you met him yet
C.Didn’t you meet him yet
D.Haven’t you met him yet
41. ——We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.
A.wasn’t
B.hadn’t been
C.wouldn’t be
D.won’t be
42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you su ppose______to her?
A.was happening
B.to happen
C.has haqqend
D.having happened
43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.
A.bought
B.buying
C.to buy
D.buy
44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.
A.read;was falling
B.was reading;fell
C.was reading;was falling
D.read;fell
45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it.
A.caught
B.have caught
C.have
D.have had
46.I______the time______so quickly.
A.didn’t realize;had passed
B.don’t realize;passed
C.haven’t realized;passed
D.hadn’t realized;had passed
47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late. ——Let’s hurry up.
A.is said
B.says
C.is told
D.tells
48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her
husband_____home.
A.has left;comes
B.left;had come
C.had left;came
D.had left;would come
49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.
A.think;lost
B.thought;had lost
C.think;had lost
D.thought;have lost
50.——Jane has just arrived. ——I didn’t know she______.
A.is coming
B.was coming
C.had been coming
D.will come 动词时态、语态专练答案
1－5 C A D D C 6－10 B B C A D 11－15 B A A C C 16－20 C A A B A
21－25 B D D A D 26－30 B A D D D 31－35 B D D B D 36－40 A A B B D
41－45 A C A B D 46－50 A B C B B
河南专升本英语语法之强调句型
2011-3-8 18:27:04 浏览数： 20 本站原创佚名【字体：大中小】我要评论(0) 考试重点：
强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…；强调句型用来强调状语。
一、强调句型的基本形式It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）…。
二、强调句型用来强调状语。
1、It was in that small room_____ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.
A. where
B. in which
C. which d. that（答案：D。强调地点状语）
2、It is because she is very devoted to her students _______she is respected by them.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who （答案：A。强调原因状语）
3、It was not until she arrived in class _________realized she had forgotten her book.
A. and she
B. when
C. she
D. that she （答案：D）
2012年河南专升本英语语法必备the+最高级的搭配
the + 最高级+ 比较范围
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：
a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4) "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this
=This is the easiest thing.
河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——代词
代词的分类
1.人称代词：有主格、宾格、所有格（含形容词性和名词性两种所有格）
2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves
themselves
3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those
4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which
5.相互代词:each other ,one another
6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another, something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody
7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as
代词用法注意点
1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语，可用于双重所有格。例如：
This isn t my book. It s his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?/Do you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.
2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。例如：
①(all)by oneself 自己单干，独立干：
The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.
②of oneself 自动地，自行地：
Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.
③for oneself 替/为自己：You have to choose for yourself.
3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those 常指时间和
空间上较远的人或物。
进行比较时，that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复；those 可代替复数名词以免重复。例如：
The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river./The Christmas cards much better than those you bought yesterday.
4.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”，后者侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”，也可指两者之间的“相互”。
5.不定代词
①some多用于肯定句；any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求
提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词，表示“任何、无论哪一个”
例如：
If you have any ink ,please give me some.
Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went ②all 与none
all表示“三者或三者以上全部”，可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个三个以上的人或物的否定，意思是“没有什么人，没有什么东西”，可作主语和宾语。
of…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。
例如：
None of them have/has failed.
——How many books are there on the desk ? ——None.
注意：no one (＝nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语，不可跟of短语连用回答以who开头的问句，不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。
例如：
——Who is in the room ? ——no one(＝Nobody).
——Is there any oil in the glass ? ——None.
③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others
other表示“没有范围的，其他的”，与名词复数连用。如：other books/boys/…
another泛指很多中的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。
如：I don t like this hat ,please show me another
the other可作代词或形容词用，指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”，或另一方中的“全部其他的”。如：
I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see onl y
two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?
others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。
例如：
Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.
Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.
④one作为不定代词，泛指“任何人”（包括说话人在内），还可用来代替上文出现过的可
数名词（指人或物），并有复数形式ones。
例如：
I have bought a new bike.My old one doesn t work./One must do one s duty.
注意：one ,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词，但这样用时，one可被前置或后置定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。
例如：
This book is the one that is needed by him.
My seat is next to that of our teach
代词考点分析
1.——When shall we meet again ?
——Make it _____ day you like;it s all the same to me.
A．one B．any C．some D．another
析：此题答案为B。若选A，one day意“过去/将来的某一天”；若选C,some day意“有朝一日”、“将来某一天”、“迟早”；若选D，another day意“改日”、“又/另一天”；选B，any day意“随便哪一天”、“无论哪一天”，显然它适合此题。
2.I m reading a new book these days ,_____ in English.
A.it
B.that
C.one
D.which
析：排除A选项it的原因是因为it前或后都不可放定语；若选B项that,则因其不能替代同一事物，也可排除；至于D项which，因其是定语从句引导词，在此明显不合用。只有C项one一方面它可有前置或后置定语，另一方面它可以替代前面出现的名词a book,故是正确答案。
3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to _____.
A.every
B.all
C.either
D.each
析：由题干内容可知有两个孩子在叫喊，故all（指三者或三者以上）不可选；every表“两者中任意的一个”，在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(两者中的每一个)填入空白才合题干内容。
4.We don t know _____ of the visitors here;we only know some.
A.everyone
B.every one
C.anybody
D.each one
析：因为everyone ,everybody ,anybody等不定代词一般不带限定语（此处不能与of短语连用），故A、C选项可排除。若选D项，因not…each结构表全否定，与下句“we only know some”不合，故不能成立。只有选B时，not…every表半否定，与下句意相合。
5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____.
A.the other
B.some other
C.others
D.those other
析：根据in some ways（在某些方面），可知空白处要选表达复数意义的词，据此可排除A、B；又因为没有those other这样的词语，故可排除D。根据some常与others相呼应使用规律，可定C为正确答案。
6.The question is too difficult and we found _____.
A.it not easy to answer it
B.it was not easy for us to answer it
C.it s not easy to answer
D.it not easy to answer
析：根据时态一致规律，we found后不可跟C选项；要表达“那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说The question is not easy to answer.要表达“我们发现那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时，应说We found the question (was)not easy to answer.据此可排除A、B选项；只有D才是唯一正确选项。
7.The hairdresser now cuts _____ men s and women s hair.
A.any
B.each
C.both
D.either
析：根据题干men s and women s hair ,可知应选与两者有关的代词，于是立即可排除A。由于each 和either不可直接修饰复数名词或复数名词所有格（应说each
of …,either of…）,故又可排除B、D选项。只有both才能与其后的and构成both…and…结构。故正确答案是C。
8.——Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end ?
——If you keep still ,you can sit at _____end.
A.neither
B.each
C.either
D.any
析：一条船只有两头，any是指三者或三者以上，在此不合用。neither是“两者都不”，
填入空白处意思不对；each意“两者或三者，三者以上每个人都…”，若填入此题空白，不合语境，因为一个人不能同时坐船的两头。只有选either(两者之一)才合此题情景。9.——Have you finished your report yet ?
——No ,I ll finish in _____ ten minutes.
A.less
B.more
C.other
D.another
析：less后可直接跟形容词、副词、名词，象ten minutes这样的“数词＋名词”短语则不可直接放于less之后，只能放于less than之后，因此A项可排除。“再过/再用十分钟”可以说in ten more minutes ,ten minutes more ,another ten minutes ,据此可排除B 项。至于other一词，因它不能表达“再、又”意，故也可排除。因此D为正确答案。
10.Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A.any
B.any other
C.other
D.another
析：此题是加拿大与亚洲国家相比，无需other或another ,else这类词，故B、C、D应排除。因为any（任何）后可跟单数名词或复数名词，填入空白意思也合语境，所以A是正确答案。
代词专练
1.——Which of the two dictionaries will you borrow ?
——I ll borrow _____ ,for the different uses.
A.all
B.both
C.either
D.neither
2._____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
A.Each
B.Any
C.No one
D.None
3.We couldn t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _____ money on us.
A.all ;no
B.any ;no
C.none ;any
D.no one ;an y
4.They were all very tired ,but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A.neither
B.none
C.some
D.any
5.There is a No.2 trolleybus and a No.24 bus ;_____ will take you there.
A.both
B.either
C.all
D.any
6.As we were asleep ,_____ of us heard the sound.
A.both
B.none
C.either
D.any
7.——Which of the five may I use ?
——Oh ,____.
A.any one
B.anyone
C.anything
D.nothing
8.——Are the two answers correct ?
——No ,_____ correct.
A.no one is
B.both are not
C.neither is
D.either is not
9.I asked him for some oil ,but he hadn t _____.
A.any
B.some
C.no
D.anything
10.You have three English dictionaries ,but I have only two _____.
A.ones
B.不填
C.the one
D.the ones
11.I have a colour TV set.I want to sell ____.
A.one
B.the one
C.that
D.it
12.This film is not so good as _____ we saw last week.
A.that
B.it
C.the one
D.one
13._____ of us must go there and help him out.
A.One or other
B.One by one
C.One or the other
D.One or another
14.We all felt _____ to be the highest praise.
A.it
B.that
C.that one
D.the one
15.Haven t you read _____ English storices ?Please tell us an interesting one.
A.any
B.all
C.either
D.some
16.——Would you like _____ dumplings ?
——No,thanks.
A.some
B.another
C.any
D.all
17.If there is _____ chance ,I will try another.
A.one
B.any
C.some
D.all
18.——Are _____ here to take the college entrance exam ?
——Yes ,we _____.
A.all you ;are all
B.you all ;all are
C.all of you ;are all
D.you of all ;all are
19.Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already
taken them.
A.one
B.the ones
C.some
D.the others
20.——Have you ever seen a snake alive ?
——Yes ,I ve seen _____.
A.that
B.so
C.one
D.it
21.——Lily ,do you have an umbrella ?It is raining outside.
——Yes ,but it s _____.
A.small one
B.small umbrella
C.only a small one
D.that one
22.Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work hard ,but _____ didn
t help.
A.this
B.which
C.any
D.it
23.——Have you got _____ red ink ?
——Sorry ,I haven t got _____.
A.some ;some
B.any ;many
C.some ;any
D.any ;some
24.I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.one
25.Sarad has read a lot of stories by American writers.Now she would like to
read _____ stories by writers from _____ countries.
A.some ;any
B.other ;some
C.some ;other
D.othe r ;other
26.——Is _____ here ?
——No ,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A.anybody
B.somebody
C.everybody
D.nobody
27.Our headmaster advised us that in order to succeed in life ,one has to be
honest with _____ friends.
A.their
B.her
C.one s
D.our
28.I borrowed some books _____ myself ,but when I was going to read them ,the
lamp went out _____ itself and I had to sit in the dark _____ myself.
A.不填;for;by
B.by;for;of
C.for;of;by
D.of;不填；by
29.When I first saw the old farmer ,I could hardly imagine _____ invented the
machine to pick cotton.
A.himself
B.he himself
C.he for himself
D.he by himself
30.It is impossible for all the people to get the job ,because _____ of them
are not fit for it.
A.all of
B.none of
C.each of
D.every one of
代词专练答案
1－5 B D C B B 6－10 B A C A B
11－15 D C A B D 16－20 A B B B C
21－25 C D C D C 26－30 C C C B A
英语语法中数词的主要用法及练习题、模拟题。
一、表示日期
1949年1949读作nineteen forty-nine
6月23日June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June
2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six
1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred
二、表示钟点
半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。
08:00 eight o?clock或eight
09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine
02:30 two thirty或half past/after two
05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six
14:15 fourteen fifteen=2.15 p. m.
23:05 twenty-three oh five
24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight
三、表示编号
1. 单纯的编号，可在基数词前加number，简写为No.。如No.2第二。
2. 序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况：
(A)小序号可用“the +序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。如第一次课可以说the First Lesson 或Lesson One。
(B)大序号通常只用“名词+数词”。如808号房间Room 808；168路公共汽车Bus No.168；南京路1490号1490 Nanjing Road；电话号码83545601(用基数词逐个念，0念字母O)。
I用“a/the + number+基数词+名词”。如a No.3 bus一辆三路公共汽车，the No.3 bus那辆三路公共汽车。
四、表示倍数
1. 倍数+as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as。如：
This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。
2. 倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：
This bridge is three times longer than that one.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。
3. 倍数+ the size/length/weight…+of+表示比较对象的名词。如：
This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍。
4. 倍数+what引导的从句。如：
The college is twice what it was 5 years ago.这所大学是它五年前的两倍。
五、表示约数
1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如：
The boy bought dozens of pencils.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。
注意：
(A)dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数量时，不用复数。如five dozen of eggs五打鸡蛋, three hundred people五百个人。但score用法略有不同，与数词连用时，也加of。如two score of eggs (40个蛋)。
(B)有时单数形式的dozen, score, hundred, million等前面有数词，后面也有of，此时的of表示的是部分与整体的关系，其后一定是them, us之类的人称代词或者有the, these, your 之类的限定词。如I want to buy three dozen of the eggs. (我想买其中的三打蛋)
2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。如nearly two hours将近两个小时。
3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如more than 100 years一百多年。
4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如about 50 pens 大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。
5. 用to, from…to…, between…and表示介于两数词。如：
His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。
六、表示分数
1. 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母的序数词要用复数。表示几分之几的人或物时，要用介词of。若作主语，谓语动词与of后的名词一致。如：如：one-fifth 五分之一，five-sevenths七分之五。
注意：1/2读用a/one half；3又5分之2读作three and three fifths。
2. 分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。
3. 分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。
七、表示百分数
用“基数词＋percent”。若表示几分之几或百分之几十的人或物时，用加of，作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词数一致。如：
Forty percent of the students wear glasses.百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.三分之二的钱都花在食物上。
注意：percent一律用单数形式.
八、表示小数
小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按
基数词一个一个单独念。如9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。_
九、表示年代
表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the +逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉
伯数字表示，可直接加s，也可加?s。如“在20世纪80年代”是in the 1980?s或in the 1980s，读
作in the nineteen eighties。
注意：不要漏掉the。
十、表示年龄
1. 表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或“基数词＋of age”或者“at the age of
＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词。如：
He began to study English at (the age of) seventy. 他70岁开始学英语。
She?s seventy years old.= She?s seventy years of age.她70岁了。
2. 表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用“in one?s+逢十的基数词的复数(如tens, twenties, thirties等)”来表达。如：
He went to America in his thirties.他30多岁时去了美国。
代词、数词、限定词、介词考试点津
云飞专升本公共英语——代词、数词、限定词、介词
这类词主要考点是固定短语搭配和常见固定短语辨义两方面，每年至少有两题，并且这部分重复率也是相当高的。
常考的短语有：except for/ except/ besides/ but for/ in addition/ in spite of/despite/ instead of/ in case of/ regardless of/ ahead of/ as to/ as for/ as a result/ in other words/ in a word/ in word/ including/ excluding/ due to/owe to/ object to/ look forward to/ because of/ thanks to/ up to sb./ on purpose/ by nature/ in person/
内容详析
常见介词短语
as a matter of fact 事实上
as a rule 通常 at the risk of 冒险
at the cost of 以……为代价
at the point of 就在……之时；正在……之际
at the sight of 一见到
beyond the point/question 离题
beyond control 超出控制
within control控制内
by accident 偶然地
by mistake 错误地；过失地
by means of 依靠；用
by any means 无论如何
by no means 绝不
by all means 务必；尽一切办法；千方百计
by heart/ learn…by heart 用心记忆
by the way 顺便
for good 永久地
for the sake of 为了
for fear of 免得
for the purpose of 为了
for short 简而言之
for the benefit of 为了……利益
in the form of 以……形式
in the course of 在……过程中
in addition to 除……之外
in any case 无论如何
in case of 万一；如果
in honor of 向……表示敬意；纪念……
in terms of 从……方面来说；按照；
in the light of 根据
in brief 简言之
in charge of 负责；掌管
in contrast to/ with 与……对照
in detail 详细地
in vain 徒劳
in effect 实质上；在实行；有效
in/ out of danger 危险中/脱险
in/ out of fashion 流行中/过时
in/ out of practice 在开业中/ 久不练习
in/ out of shape 体形美/变形
in/ out of harmony with 与……（不）协调一致
out of the question 不可能
out of question 没问题
on account of 因为；由于
on end 连续地
on the tip of ione’s tongue 话到嘴边
on duty 值班
on the contrary 相反
on the basis of 根据
on behalf of 代表……
on purpose 故意地
on schedule 准时；按时间表
on a large/ small scale 大/小规模
on the verge of 接近……；在……边缘
on the edge of 濒于；接近
to some/ a great/ a certain extent 在某种/很大/一定程度上to the point 切题
to one’s astonishment/joy令人惊奇、欣喜
to one’s astonishment/joy令人惊奇、欣喜
to one’s advatnge 对某人有利
under age 未成年
under control 受到控制
under consideration 在考虑中
under/in no circumstances 无论如何；绝不
under the circumstances 在这种情况下
other than/ apart from 除了……之外
rather than 而不是
代词考点
none, few, some, one, ones的区别：
none 作主语，谓语动词单复数均可，多与of构成none of。例如：
It’s none of your business. 莫管闲事。
some（一些），做“某一”解时，可与单数名词连用，相当于a certain。例如：You will be sorry for this some day. 总有一天，你会为此后悔的。
在希望得到肯定回答时，疑问句中可用some代替any。例如：
Would you like some coffee?
one, ones作代词时，前面多有形容词修饰。
例如：
He has one blue pen and two red ones.他有一支蓝色的笔和两支红色的笔。anyone, any one, no one, none 的区别：
anyone, no one只指人，后不能跟of；any one, none即可指人，也可指物，后可跟of。例如：They were very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A. anyone
B. none
C. no one
D. any
答案选B. none，句子意思是：他们都很累，但他们中没有一个人愿意停下来休息。
河南专升本考试英语语法系列复习专题——情态动词、主谓一致
英语语法, 专升本, 河南
一、一般疑问句中几个情态动词的问与答
1. Need I/he/…?
Yes,you/he/…must.(不用need)
2. Must I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…needn?t/don?t(doesn?t,won?t)have to.(不用mustn?t)
3. May I/ he/…?
No,you/ he/…mustn?t.(少用may not)
4. Could(Can)you…?
Yes,I can (不用could)
5. Shall I/she/ he…?
No,you(she,he)needn?t/can?t/mustn?t