2011年职称英语考试理工类A级真题及答案
一、词汇选项
1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.
A. unclear
B. obvious
C. major
D. minor
2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.
A greatly
B suddenly
C generally
D slightly
3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.
A instructing
B notifying
C pushing
D inviting4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.
A raise
B pose
C experience
D handle
5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。
A ignored
B organized
C caused
D received
6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.
A spend
B take
C last
D stand
7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.
A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy
8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.
A shaking
B turning
C jumping Dshouting
9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.
A reported
B proved Cpraised D caught
10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.
A anxious
B sure
C sad
D afraid
11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A give
B attach
C lose
D understand
12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .
A doubting
B saying
C thinking
D knowing
13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.
A maintained
B recommended
C considered
D acknowledged
14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students tak ing science courses.
A relative
B general
C continuous
D sharp
15.She always finds fault with everything,
A criticizes
B simplifies
C evaluates
D examines
答案：
1、unclear--- obscure.模糊不清晰的（A）
2、greatly –considerably，greatly 意思为adv. 相当地;非常地（A）
3、push-- urge催促某人做某事push推;促进;逼迫（C）
4、handle—approach 解决问题（D）
5、caused ----provoke: 激怒.惹起.驱使，造成（C）
6、stand= tolerate 忍受、承受（D）
7、energetic---vigorous 精力充沛的有活力的（A）
8、shake –tremble 颤抖颤动（A）
9、praised ---hail: 招呼.致敬.万岁.向...欢呼（C）
10、afraid---- scared 害怕.恐惧（D）
11、understand--- grasp 理解，明白（D）
12、saying--- remarking 说话，说出（B）
13、maintain –assert 主张、声称、断言（A）
14、continuous –steady . 稳定的（C）
15、criticizes--- finds fault with 挑错，批评（A）
第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Earth Rocks On
Most of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet.That's comforting. But it's also misleading because there's actually a lot g oing on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.
Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Th ey also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its oute rmost layer, called the crust, eventually formed moving plates. Exact ly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.
Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. They've found new evidence suggesting that Earth's crust started shifting at least 3.8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years e arlier than previous ones.
Not long before 3.8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids were pum meling Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, molten state. After the har d crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet's ho t insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface as lava.
In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal (上地壳) belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion y ears old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is expos ed to air.
The researchers recently look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in w ith a type of volcanic rock.
To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid ro ck, called magma(岩浆), flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fi ll the cracks. Finally, the area cooled, forming what we see today.
That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests t hat the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under tne oce an, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago
16. The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not Mentioned
答案Wrong（B）
17. The shape of lands and oceans are slowly changed with the movements of plates.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not Mentioned
答案: Right(A)
18. Earth cooled down shortly after it was formed.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not Mentioned
答案: Not Mentioned（C）
19. Scientists once estimated that Earth’s crust started shifting three billion yea rs ago.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not Mentioned
答案Wrong（B）
20. It took a long time for the melted crust to become hard.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not Mentioned
答案Not Mentioned（C）
21. The formation of the Isua supracrustal belt is thought to have started about 3.8 billion years ago.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not Mentioned
答案Right（A）
22. The Isua supracrustal belt is now a popular holiday resort.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not Mentioned
答案Not Mentioned(C)
三、概括大意与完成句子
The IPad
The IPad is a tablet computer（平板电脑）designed and developed by Apple. I
t is particularly marketed as a platform for audio and visual media such as bo oks, periodicals（期刊）, movies, music, and games, as well as web content. A t about 1.5 pounds （680 grams）, its size and weight are between those of m
ost contemporary smartphones and laptop computers. Apple released the IPad i n April 2010, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 years.https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd10216732.html,/
The IPad runs the same operating system as IPod Touch and IPhone. It can ru n its own applications as well as ones developed for IPhone. Without modifica tion, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its onlin e store.
Like IPhone and iPod Touch, the IPad is controlled by a multitouch display—a break from most previous tablet computers, which uses a pressure-triggered s
tylus（触控笔）. The IPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse（浏览）the
Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to GSM 3G data networks. T
he devices is managed and synchronized（同步）by ITunes on a personal comp uter via USB cable.
An IPad has different features and applications one can use to execute differen t and interesting things. There are lots of IPad applications that the owner can
use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use so cial networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services. IPand applications like Markdown Mail allow the adopti on of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize the ir email accounts.https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd10216732.html,/
While the IPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by bus iness users. Some companies are adopting IPads in their business offices by di stributing or making available IPads to employees. Examples of uses in the wo rkplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing h ealth records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests.
A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that IPad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employees productivity, reduced paperwork, and incr eased revenue.
23、Paragraph 2
24、Paragraph 3
25、Paragraph 4
26、Paragraph 5-
A. Business usage
B. Differences from IPhone
C. Operating system
D. Online stores
E. Features and applications
F. Display and data connection
答案: C F E A
27、In April 2010 the IPad developed by Apple was .
28、The IPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not
29、IPad applications enable the owner’s email a ccounts to be
30、IPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be
A. browsed
B. increased
C. released
D. modified
E. distributed
F. personalized
答案: C D F B
第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Calculating Crime
When you think about math, you probably don't think about breakin g the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematicia n in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to hel p police find criminals.
People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal （揭示） the identity of the criminal. It's long been believed, for examp le, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simp ly because it's easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If po lice see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same cri minal did it.
But Mike O'Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Marylan d, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that po lice may get better clues to the location of a criminal's home base b y combining these patterns with a city's layout （布局） and historic al crime records.
The records of past crimes contain geographical information and c an reveal easy targets - that is, the kind of stores that might be le ss difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locati ons of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are. O'Leary is writing a new computer program that wil l quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His prog ram also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal's patterns change with age. It's been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer t o home the crime.
Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O 'Leary's uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.
The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O'Leary s ays that criminology - the study of crime and criminals - contains a lot of good math problems. "I feel like I'm in a gold mine and I'm th e only one who knows what gold looks like," he says. "It's a lot of f un."
31. Which of the following statements about math is true?
A. It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminal s.
B. Few people associate it with finding criminals.
C. Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.
D. it has long been employed in solving crimes.
32. People tend to think there is a relationship between
A. the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.
B. the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.
C. the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.
D. the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.
33. O’Leary includes all the following information in writing hi s program EXCEPT
A. the records of past crimes.
B. the locations of police bureaus.
C. the people living in the city.
D. the change of a criminal’s patterns with age.
34. O’Leary’s program is different from other similar software in that
A. it is inexpensive.
B. it is more user-friendly.
C. it uses more math.
D. it is available all over the world.
35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O’Leary
A. will develop programs for other governmental departments.
B. is going to use math in looking for gold.
C. thinks it’s interesting to learn math.
D. will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.
答案：31 B 32 D 33 B 34 C 35 D
第二篇
Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Science s1 food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influe nce some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized e fforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people stru ggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as i t does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of foo d science, who was lead investigator? on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure a nd stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are W orking together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through f oods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who samp led salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake a nd did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a c ommonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to stro ngest sensation of any kind.
"Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and a lso because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," s aid Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more tensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as t heir primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. "
However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block un pleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For exa mple, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, mi lk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," h
e said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the b itterness is too pronounced6.
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist nam ed Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals dif fer in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes e xplained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
"Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as b eing extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these sa me bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter," he said. " Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biologic al differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limite d to bitterness.
36. John Hayes pointed out that __________.
A. food with less salt tastes better.
B. many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.
C. many people never eat low-salt food.
D. it is good to health to eat food without salt.
37. The fourth paragraph briefly describes______?
A. how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.
B. why the number of subjects was limited to 87.
C. why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.
D. how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in t he research.
38. It is true that ________.
A. nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.
B. nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.
C. supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.
D. supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher leve ls of saltiness.
39. Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because ________.
A. it is good to health.
B. it is rich in nutrition.
C. it has intense bitter tastes.
D. it tastes less bitter.
40. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is ________.
A. identified with certain chemicals.
B. developed over time after birth.
C. related to one’s eye and hair color.
D. genetically determined.
答案：36 B 37 A 38 D 39 D 40 D
第三篇
Cell phone: Hang up or Keep Talking
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, ce ll phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phon es are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected
The explosion around the world in mobile phone use has some healt h professional worried... Some doctors are concerned that in the futu re many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phon
es.. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue... Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of su ch ideas.. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad ...for health
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in th e brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change i n the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scann ing equipment.. In one case a traveling salesman had to retire at a y oung age because of serious memory loss.. He couldn't remember even s imple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son.. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every da y of his working week, for a couple of years... His family doctor bla med his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree...
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answ er is radiation.. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that ther e is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry ab out.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that i t's best to use mobile phones less often.. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone when you real ly need it.. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especia lly in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning l abel that says that they are bad for health. So for now, it's wise no t to use your mobile phone too often.
41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A. they’re popular.
B. they’re useful.
C. they’re cheap.
D. they’re convenient.
42. The word "detected" in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A. cured.
B. removed.
C. discovered.
D. caused.
43. The salesman retired young because
A. he couldn’t remember simple tasks.
B. he disliked using mobile phones.
C. he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.
D. his employer’s doctor persuaded him to.
44. On the safety issue of mobile phones， the manufacturing comp anies
A. deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.
B. develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.
C. hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.
D. try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.
45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise pe ople
A. to use mobile phones less often.
B. to buy mobile phones.
C. to update regular phones.
D. to stop using mobile phones.
答案：41 C 42 D 43 A 44 C 45 A
五、补全短文
Mt. Desert Island
The coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost co astal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline betwe en these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. (46) At that time, the whol e area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above th
e sea. As the glacier（冰川）descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd10216732.html,/
As the mountain sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remai
ning land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons（咸水湖）. The high
est parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands.
(47) Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the l evel of the shoreline prior to the glacier.
The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two tho usand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are h ome to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most bea utiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. (48)https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd10216732.html,/
For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, affo rded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island s
its on the boundary line between the temperate（温带）and sub-Arctic zones, t he island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inla nd, and alpine（高山的）plants. (49) The establishment of Acadia National Par
k in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all p eople, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction fr om the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or the y may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.
The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. (50) From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the At lantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier.
A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds
B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behin d by the glacier.
C. The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly keep it to themselves
D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.
E. This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atla ntic seashore.
F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretc h of wate r seven miles long.
46. D. The term comes from the activity of the ice age.https://www.doczj.com/doc/fd10216732.html, /
47. B. Mt. Desert island is one of the most famous of all of the islands left behind by the glacier.
48. F. It is split almost in half by Sones Sond, a deep and narrow stretch of water seven miles long.
49. A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for ma ny birds.
50. E: This mountain rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Atlantic seashore.
第6部分：完形填空（第52～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study __51__ at the Sahlgren ska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the Nat ional Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study _52___ 1.2 million Swedis h men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyses the __53__ of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link _54__ good physical fitnes and bette r results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for _55__ thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a _56__ in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. “Being fit means t hat you also have good heart and lung _57__ and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen.” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrensk a Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fi tness, but not with muscular _58__. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been _59__ to d etermine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes tha t _60__ the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
“We have also shown that those youngsters who _61__ their physic al fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive per formance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy a nd physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical ed ucation is a _62___ that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must _63___ we want to do well in maths and other theoretic al subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service _64___ the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more _65___ to go into h igher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
51.A. put B. carried C. cut D. taken
52.A. kept B. involved C. found D. helped
53.A. answers B. questions C. standards D. results
54.A. among B. behind C. between D. inside
55.A. imaginary B. typical C. positive D. logical
56.A. game B. place C. role D. trick
57.A. shape B. capacity C. disease D. treatment
58.A. exercise B. training C. movement D. strength
59.A. able B. clever C. clear D. lucky
60.A. expect B. explain C. connect D. classify
61.A. improve B. prefer C. ignore D. determine
62.A. rule B. test C. subject D. score
63.A. if B. until C. though D. so
64.A. with B. from C. of D. at
65.A. likable B. unlike C. likely D. alike
答案：51 B 52 B 53 D 54 C 55 D 56 C 57 B 58 D 59 A 60 B 61 A 62 C 63 A 64 A 65 C