开发组织架构框架(TOGAF)
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 3
TOGAF Origins and Motivations
A customer initiative:
Formal user requirement developed 1994 Main themes:
A single, unifying Architectural Framework for the IT industry A framework for developing architectures to meet specific business needs not a “one-size-fits-all” architecture
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 4
2
TOGAF Today
Industry consensus Technology- and tool-neutral 8 years continuous development Proven in practice Publicly available:
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe10188522.html,/public/arch
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 5
TOGAF Structure and Components
Architecture Development Method Foundation Architecture Resource Base
TOGAF Foundation Architecture
中国科学院软件所 2006
Target Architectures Architecture Development Method Technical Reference Model
(services taxonomy)
Standards Information Base
(standards)
Building Blocks Information Base
(architecture building blocks - future)
Resource Base
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1 Slide 6
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架构开发方法(ADM)
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 7
Architecture Development Method (ADM)
Open, industry consensus method for IT architecture Quick-start foundation Practical, experience based guidance Requires continual validation against requirements 中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 8
4
Foundation Architecture: Technical Reference Model (TRM)
Qualities Infrastructure Applications System & Network Management Business Applications
Application Programming Interface
Associated with detailed taxonomy of services
Qualities
International Operations
Transaction Processing
Software Engineering
defines scope of each service category
Location & Directory
Data Management
Graphics & Image
Data Interchange
User Interface
Security
Qualities
Identifies system-wide capabilities (“qualities”), e.g.:
Internationalization Security Management
Operating System Services Network Services
Communications Infrastructure Interface
Communication Infrastructure
中国科学院软件所 2006 Qualities Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1 Slide 9
Foundation Architecture: Standards Information Base (SIB)
A database of open industry standards
The complete set of Open Group endorsed standards Content determined by Open Group consensus process
Structured according to TOGAF Technical Reference Model taxonomy Regularly updated Available for public web access
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe10188522.html,/sib.htm
Gateway to many linked resources
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 10
5
Resource Base
Resources available in applying the TOGAF Architecture Development Method; e.g.
ADML Architecture Compliance Reviews Architecture Principles Architecture Views Business Scenarios (requirements method) Case Studies IT Governance Strategies
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 11
TOGAF Development History
1994: Requirement
Proof of Need Proof of Concept Proof of Application Relevance to practical architectures (Building Blocks) TOGAF in Context - the Enterprise Continuum Business Scenarios - architecture requirements Architecture views / IEEE 1471 US DoD work (C4ISR Framework, C2STA)
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1 Slide 12
1995: TOGAF Version 1 1996: TOGAF Version 2 1997: TOGAF Version 3 1998: TOGAF Version 4 1999: TOGAF Version 5 2000: TOGAF Version 6
2001: TOGAF Version 7
中国科学院软件所 2006
6
模型驱动架构(MDA)
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 13
What is the MDA?
An approach to IT system specification that separates the specification of system functionality from the specification of the implementation of that functionality on a particular technology platform “Design once, build it on any platform”
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 14
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Basic concepts of MDA
A model is a formal specification of the function, structure and/or behaviour of a system
Examples:
Source code is a model An UML-based specification is a model UML-
Models of different systems are structured explicitly into:
Platform Independent Models (PIM) Platform Specific Models (PSM)
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 15
Platform Independent Model (PIM)
A “formal” specification of the structure and function of a system that abstracts away technical detail Expressed using UML
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 16
8
PIM: an example
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 17
Platform Specific Model (PSM)
Specifies how the functionality specified in a PIM is realized on a particular platform Expressed using UML extended with platform specific UML profiles
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 18
9
PSM: an example
中国科学院软件所 2006
Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 19
MDA metamodel
<
Infrastructure
PIM Mapping techniques
Mapping from PIM to PIM
1..n
UML
<
MOF
Metamodel
<
<
PIM
<
Mapping from PIM to PSM
Refactoring from PSM to PIM
Other languages
<
PSM
PSM Mapping techniques
中国科学院软件所 2006
<
Slide 20
Mapping from Software Engineering, 7th edition. Chapter 1 PSM to PSM
10