五大基本句型
1.主（n./pron./to do sth/doing sth/主语从句）——谓（vi.如：come, go, arrive, stay, work, fall,
rise, die, happen, fail, appear,lie,sit,stand,last)
(1).The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(2).Your brother has gone home.
(3).We work hard at English.
2.主-------谓（vt.如：visit, spend, forget,
raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)-----宾（n./
pron./to do sth/doing sth/宾语从句）
(1).I study chemistry and he studies physics.
(2).I have never seen such an interesting film.
(3).He doesn't know what to read.
3.主-------谓（vt.)------间接宾语（sb)-------直接宾语(sth.)
(1).Give sb sth=Give sth to sb: send, pass, hand, show
(2).Buy sb sth=Buy sth for sb: make, get, cook, call, find
(3).Ask sb sth=Ask sth of sb
(1).Will you lend me your bike?
(2).Peter bought Mary a new dress.
(3).Please get him some hot water.
(4).Will you tell us sth about your school life?
(5).This little boy is always asking the teacher all sorts of questions.
(6).Pass me the paper, please.
John is teaching Mary how to ride a bicycle.
4.主-----谓(vt.)-------宾-------补(n./adj/adv/介词短语/to do sth----如：ask, tell, order,want, wish, encourage, allow, forbid/Do sth----如：“四看”、“二听”、“一感觉”；have, let 与make /Doing sth/Done by sb.)
(1).I saw her enter the lab.
(2).Nathan Hale felt his heart beating fast.
(3).We elected him our school headmaster.
(4).The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.
I'll have the bike repaired.
I heard him singing happily in the next room.
That man made the boy obey him.
He painted the door red.
She found her bike stolen.
let me have a look. We call her Xiao li.
We asked them to stay for lunch.
I wish you to go with me.
Don't keep your mother waiting.
suddenly she saw a wallet lying on the ground.
When he woke up, he found himself tied down.
5.主-----系
(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/turn,get,become,make)----表。
The news was exciting.
He was excited at the news.
The teachers' office is clean and tidy.
She became a League member in 1978.
The Summer Palace looks especially beauitiful in the early morning.
The music sounds sweet.
Your answer doesn't sound right.
The dish smells good/delicious.
The liquid tastes bitter.
My job is to teach English./teaching English.
This story is very interesting.
I'm interested in the story.
He became a writer in 1960. 比较：
He turned writer in 1960.
He will make a good athlete.（成为）
希望你能熟记上述经典例句，真正掌握这五大基本句型呀。
名词性从句
（一）、什么叫名词性从句？名词性从句在复句中的位置如何？
1.主语从句-----谓语------宾语.
(1).Whether it is true remains a question.
(2).Whether he will go or not has not been decided.
(3).It isn't quite clear why she did it.
(4).It is not known where she has gone.
(5)What is called atomic energy is actually nuclear energy.
2. 主语------谓语(vt.)------宾语从句.
(1).I wonder whether or not Mike is at home now.
(2).I don't care whether or not his car breaks down.
(3).His parents think it a pity that their son didn't pass the exam.
(4)After what seemed an endless wait, it was at last his turn to step into the consulting room.
(5)He was born in what is now known as Shanghai.
注意;it作形式宾语的特殊句型：
(1).owe it to sb. that------“把----归功于----” (2).Leave it to sb. that----“把---留给某人去做”
(3).Take it for granted that---“想当然” (4).keep it in mind that----"记住"
(5).I like/enjoy/hate it that-------- (6).see to it that----=make sure that----"务必、确保"
(7).depend on it that------
(1).I enjoy____ when you help_____is in trouble.
A.it, those who
B.that, who
C.this, anyone
D.it,whoever
(2).I owe it to you that I'm still alive.
(3)I leave it to you to judge.（我让你做判断）
(4).You may depend on it that they will help you.（你可以放心他们会帮你的)
(5).Would you see to it that the villagers have clean drinking water?(你负责保证）
(6)I take it that you won't be coming to Sophie's party.(我想你不回去参加）
(7).I'm counting on it that you will come.(我正指望着你回来)
3.主语-----系-------表语从句.
(1).China is no longer what it used to be.
(2).That's why we love our motherland so much.
(3).It looks as if it's going to rain.
(4).The reason why he was absent yesterdy was that he was ill.
4. 某些名词（如：the
news/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibilityproblem/conclusion/opin ion/remark评论、意见，saying格言、谚语，evidnce)---引导词（如：
that,whether,how,when,where,why)----同位语从句（注意：which不能引导同位语从句)
(1).Here comes the news that some foreign friends will come to our school.
(2).The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
(3).Word came that their headmaster would soon visit our school.
(4).I have no idea when she will come back.
(二）、名词性从句的引导词：
(1).连接词：that, whether/if,as if--------在从句中不充当任何成分。
(2).连接代词：who, what,which,whose-------在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
(3).连接副词：when, where.why,how,how many/much/soon/often/long-----在从句中充当状语。
注意：(1).if不能引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及介词的宾语从句。
(2).与or not或不定式连用，要用whether.
(3).what本身有一定的意义，且在从句中充当一定的成分，而that本身无任何意义，且在从
句中不充当任何成分。
(1).It is unknown whether/if she is ill.(如果用形式主语，if 和whether都可以）
(2).I don't care if he doesn't show up.他来不来我都不在乎（若宾语从句为否定结构，
则多用if,而不用whether)
(3)After years of hard work, he was made what she was.(主语补足语----经过多年的辛劳，
她被弄成这样）
注意：in that(由于、因为），except that(除了----），but that(如果没有、要不是-----），besides
that(除了----)
(1)I know nothing about his career except that he is a graduate of Tsinghua University.
(2)He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.
(3)But that I saw it, I couldn't have believed it.
(三).弄清一类连词：“无论（不管）--------”
No matter who-----==Whoever-------
No matter what-----==Whatever------
No matter which------==Whichever-------
No matter when-------==Whenever---------
No matter where-----==wherever----------
No matter how + adj/adv------==However + adj/adv-------
左边：只能引导让步状语从句。而右边：既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。
(1).I'll give the book to _______wants it.
(A).anyone (B).those who (C).whoever (D).whomever
(2).No matter who= Whoever wants to read the book, you may lend it to him.
(3).However late = No matter how late he is ,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
(5).Whenever = Every time he saw me, he greeted me.
Wherever you go, we'll be thinking of you.
(四).弄清同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
(1)that引导定语从句时，that充当定语从句的成分；that引导同位语从句时，that不充当从句的任何成分。
(2)当when,where,why引导定语从句时，其意义与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义；但它们引导同位语从句时，其意义与被同位的词毫无关系，其意义完全与疑问词相同，即when表示；“什么时候”，where表示：“哪儿”。它们引导两种从句时都在从句中做状语。
(1).He expressed the hope that he had for many years.
He expressed the hope that he would come to China again.
(2).I have the 1st impression that he gave me in 1980.
I have the 1st impression that he is an honest man.
(3).The news that you heard is not true.
The whole nation was plunged into deep sorrow at the news that Abraham Lincoln was murdered at a
theatre.
(4)比较：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(定语从句)
This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.(定语从句)
I have no idea when she will be back.(同位语从句）
Then arose the question where we were to get the machines needed.(同位语从句）
(五).特殊句型要牢记：
(1).It is said/believed/reported/thought/well-known that---------
(2).It turned out that------“结果是，原来是-----”
(3).It happened that------“碰巧--------”
(4).It occurred to me that------= It struck me that-------“突然想起------”
(5).Word came that------“有消息传来说---------”
(6).It seems/appears that-----------“似乎是，好像是---------”
(7).It is a pity/a fact/no wonder that-------“真遗憾、是事实、难怪------”
(8).It is possible/probable/likely that-------
(9).It is important/necessary/strange that--------{从句中用虚拟语气:（should ）+ 动词原形}
(10).It is certain that-------
(11).It follows that-------“于是乎，从而--------”
(12).There is no point in doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
(13).It is up to sb to do sth. “该由某人做某事，由某人负责”
(14).It is just like sb to do st h.“某人恰恰是这个样子”
(15).See to it that----- = Make sure that------“务必。确保”
(16).How did it come about that you were late again yesterday?
六、弄清一组句型的区别：
(1)It was not until----that------（强调结构）
(2).It was +时间段+ago 或+介词短语+that------(强调结构）
(3).It was+时间点名词+when------"当----时已是----时间了”
(4).It is/was/will (not) be +时间段名词+ before------（肯定句）“过多久---就/才-----”
(否定句）“不久----就/才-----”(5)It is+ 时间段+since------- 例如：
(1).It was not until yesterday that I received his letter.
(2).It was on the coasts that lots of people disappeared.
(3).It was 3 years ago that he arrived in Australia.
(4).It was 10 o'clock in the evening when he came back.
(5).It will be hours before he arrives here.
(6).It was not long before they drove the enemy from their homeland.
(7).It is 3 days since we left our school.
(8).It is 10 years since I was a teacher.(我不当教师已经10年了)
(9).It is 5 years since he lived in London.(他有5年不在伦敦住了)
定语从句
1.什么叫定语从句？先行词？引导词？定语从句的位置如何？
(1).A plane is a machine that can fly.
(2).The noodles that I cooked were deliicious.
(3).Who is the man that is reading over there?
(4).The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim's sister.
(5).The fish which we bought were not fresh.
(6).Who is the person whom you just talked to?
(6).Mrs. Read is the person to whom you should write.
(7).I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
(8).This is the house where we lived last year.
(9).The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
(10).Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last night.
2.定语从句的引导词分为5个关系代词:（1).who--指人，在从句中作主语。（2).whom--指人，在从句中作宾语。(3).whose--指人或物，在从句中作定语。(4).which---指物，在从句指作主语或宾语;which还可以作定语起到限定词的作用（this/that/these/those),但其前面必须有介词。(5).that--指人或物，在从句指作主语或宾语。(5)as---指人或物，在从句中作主、宾、表，既可以引导限制性定语从句(the same-----as, such---as, as/so---as),也可以引导非限制性定语从句（位置灵活).
3个关系副词:(1).when--指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2).where--指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3).why--指原因，在从句中作原因状语。
注意：判断用关系代词还是用关系副词，主要取决于什么？
取决于引导词在从句中所充当的成分：
若引导词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语时，须用关系代词；若引导词在从句中充当状语时，须用关系副词。
(1).I'll never forget the day______you saved me.
That's the special day_______I'll never forget.
(2).This is the house______my aunt lived last year.
This is the house______my aunt bought last year.
(3).We'll visit the village,______was once the site of a famous battle.
We'll visit the village,______a famous battle once took place.
(4).Oct.1,1949 was the day______we'll never forget.
Oct.1,1949 was the day______the PRC was founded.
(5)He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.此时我决定回家
(6)Chaplin went to the States in 1910, by which time he had learned to dance and act in comedies.
(7)His son insisted on joining the army, in which case he had to give in.
(8)
3.一般来说，that/which都可以指物（可互用），但在下列情况下，必须用that指物，不用which.
(1).当先行词本身为不定代词时：all,much,little, sth,anything,everything,noyhing.
(2).当先行词被adj最高级/序数词修饰时。
(3).当先行词被the very(正是、就是)、the only、the last修饰时。
(1).All that glitters is not gold.
All that can be done has been done.
You can take any room that you like.
There is no difficulty that we can't overcome.
This is the last time that I'll give you a lesson.
This is the very book that I'm after.
China is not the country that it used to be.(关系代词在从句中作表语时）
4.As引导的定语从句：(as在定语从句中必须充当成分：主语、宾语、表语)
(1).The same--------as--------
(2).Such----------as--------
(3).As-clause, main-clause.==Main-clause, as-clause.
(4).such/as-------as-------
(5)as/so------as--------
(1).As we know, more than 70 % of the earth's surface is covered by water.
(2).This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.
(3).This kind of computer,as is well-known,is out of date.
(5).This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
(6).I have the same trouble as you (have).
(7).Don't talk about such things as you do not understand.
(8).Air is a gas, as is known to us.
As we all know, air is a gas.
Air, as we know, is a gas.
(9)He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.
比较：This is so heavy a stone /such a heavy stone that no one can lift it.(结果状语从句)
This is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone as no one can lift.(定语从句）
注意：1.as引导的非限制性定语从句常有，只能指代整个主句的内容，不能指代单个先行词：“如同---
----那样”：
as we know/as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as has been
pointed out, as might be expected(正如所预料的那样), as is often the case(情况常常是这样),
2.which在非限制性定语从句中，既可以指代整个主句，也可以指代单个先行词。指代的是先行词
本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which.
3.在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as
只能作系动词be的主语。
(1)The apple tree, which I planted last year, has not any fruit.
(2)He married her, which/as was natural.
(3)He saw the girl, which delighted him.
5.特殊的句型
(1).Do all one can to do sth.
Do what one can to do sth.
Do/try one's best to do sth.
(2).I don't like the way (that) you walk
I don't like the way (in which) you walk.
(3).This/It is the 1st/2nd time that I have done sth.
This/It was the 1st/2nd time that I had done sth.
(4).He lives in the house whose window faces south.
He lives in the house the window of which faces south.
He lives in the house of which the window faces south.
(5).He entered the meeting hall, in the front of which were sitting some important men.
(6)比较：As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the 2 countries are making progress.
It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the 2 countries are making progress.
What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the 2 countries are making progress.
(7)We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession.
They stood near the window, from where we could see the whole garden.
注意：(1)No/never/not--------先行词-------But----= that------not或who------not：“没有--------不----的”
(2)当先行词是case,condition, situation, position, point, stage 等名词时，表示情况、方面、处境
时，用关系副词where.但先行词是occasion时，用关系副词when.
(!)There was no man but admired him=no man who didn't admire him.
(2)There is no dificulty but may be smoothed away.=no difficulty that may not be smoothed away.
(3)There are some cases, where this role doesn't hold good.（适用)
(4)In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.
(5)There is no rule but has exceptions.
(6)Her sister has beecome a lawyer, _____she wanted to be.
A.who
B.what
C.that
D.which (关系代词指代人的职业、身份）
6.相似结构，注意辨别：
(1)*Is this museum _______they visited yesterday?
*Is this the museum _______they visited yesterday?
*Is this museum ________they stayed yesterday?
*It was the museum_______you saw many treasures.
*It was in the museum_______you saw many treasures.
*It was in the museum_____you dropped in that you saw many treasures.
(2).She lived in the house________she used to live.
_________she used to live in.
_________she used to drop in.
_________she used to visit.
__________windows were broken.
the windows______were broken.
and __________windows were brokken.
_________the broken windows.
A.where
B.in which
C.at which
D.that
E.which
F.its
G.with H.of which I.whose J.不填K.the one (that)
Keys:1.k; de; a; ab; d; e 2.ab;
dej; de; de; i; h; f; g.
(3).______is known is that he has gone to college.
______is known that he has gone to college.
_____is known, he has gone to college.
We all know _______he has gone to college.
He has gone to college, ________made us surprised.
He has gone to college and _____made us surprised.
He has gone to college, _____ surprised us.
He has gone to college,______I am surprised at.
_____surprised us most was______he has gone to college.
A.It
B.As
C.Which
D.What
E.that
(4).He is such a good teacher______we all like.
He is such a good teacher_____we all like him.
He is such a good teacher,_____we all know.
He is a good teacher,_____makes us respect him.
A.as
B.that
C.which
(5).He arrived in Beijing in 1984,_________he became a manager some years later.
He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _______was important for him.
He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _______he was already in his fifties.
He arrived in Beijing in 1984, and _____he became famous.
It was in 1984 _____he arrived in Beijing.
A.when
B.where
C.which
D.there
E.that
Keys: 3.d;a;b;e;ce;c;bc; d;e 4.a;b;ac;c 5.b;c;a;d;e
状语从句
一、什么叫状语从句？状语从句有哪些种类？引导词是什么？
1.时间状语从句：when,while,as,before,after,since,till(until),as soos as,hardly--when,no sooner--than,
once, each/every time, the first time, the last time, next time,the moment, the minute,
the instant, immediately, directly, instantly
2.地点状语从句：where,wherever
3.原因状语从句：because,since,as, now that, in that, considering (that)
4.目的状语从句：so that---,in order that---,in case---,for fear that---(以防、以免、生怕)=lest
5.结果状语从句：so that---,so/such---that---
6.条件状语从句：if,unless,as/so long as----,on condition that---,providing(provided) that, assuming that,
suppose that, supposing that, given that, when
7.方式状语从句：just as---,as if, the way---
8.让步状语从句：(al)though,ever if,whether,no matter who/what/where---, as(虽然）,while
9.比较状语从句：as---as, not as/so---as, more---than, the more----the more, less---than 例如：1.She treated the child the way his mother did.
2.Child as he is, he knows a lot.
3.Much as I like it, I will not buy it.
4.Try as you will, you won't manage it.
5.Lose money as I did, I got a lot of experience.
4.You may borrow this book,on condition that you don't lend it to anyone else.
5.I'll come on condition that John is invited,too.
6.No sooner had I reached the bus stop than the bus started.
7.Hardly had he closed the door when there came a knock on it.
8.Take your umbrella,in case it rains.
9.We hadn't met for 20 years but I recognized him the moment I saw him.
10.Now that you are well again, you can work with them.
11.When you read the book,you'd better make a mark where you have a question.
12.However late he is, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
13.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
14.Jack and Tom had to wait 2 more weeks before the manager came back.
15.For all (that) he has lots of money, he's far from being happy.(虽然、尽管)
16.With all his roughness, he has a heart of gold.(虽然他粗俗，但他有一颗金子般的心）
17.Air is to us what water is to fish.
18.Reading is to mind what food is to the body.
19.I thought conditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.(事实上，实际情况是）
20.Leave it as it is.别动它（让它保持原来的样子）
21.State the facts as they are.按照实际情况把事实摆出来。
22.He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.(仿佛、好像可以说是)(=/=as it is/was)
23.The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.(仿佛）
二、注意：特殊的引导词（连词）：
the moment----=as soon as----=immediately----=directly---=hardly---when=no
sooner---than
as/so long as---,on condition that---,in case---,now that---,provided that---=supposing that---,every time---, the first time---,the last time---, next time---
例如：(1).On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 比较：
On his arrival at classroom, the came and the bell rang.
(2).The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.
(3).The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
三、并列连词when=and just then（就在这时，突然---）的三种句型：
1.I was doing sth. when sth. happened.
2.I when sth. happened.
3.I had just done sth.when sth. happened.
例如：1.I was just about to go out when the telehphone rang.
2.I had just fallen asleep when the baby started to cry.
3.I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.
四、状语从句中的省略：
有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致或主语为it时，且从句谓语又包含Be动词，就可以省略从句中的“主语+Be”部分。
1.If asked you may come in.
2 I met an old friend of mine.
3.If possible, send me word tomorrow.
4.He won't attend the meeting unless invited.
5.He got much taller than expected.
7.He looked through the newspaper while having his supper.
8.Once recovered,she threw herself into her study.
9.When still a boy of 10,he had to work day and night.he
10.She tried her best though rather pool in health.
11.He was fond of swimming when yet a child.
12.The boy looked as if afraid of nothing.
五、如何区别不同的从句：（1）据连词。（2）据句子结构和句意：
1.You are to find it .
2.Tell me the address where he lives.
3.I don't know where he came from.
4.Where he has gone is not known yet.
5.This place is where they once hid.
6.Make a mark where you have a question when reading.
虚拟语气
什么叫虚拟语气？虚拟语气在主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句及状语从句中的用法如何？
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法：
1.与现在事实相反：
If条件句主句
过去时（Be-----were) would/should/could/might+do sth.
(1).If I were you, I would do it in a different way.
(2).If I had time, I would/should read it again.
2.与过去事实相反：
If条件句主句
Had done sth. would/should/could/might have done sth.
(1).If I had taken his advice, I would/should not have made such a mistake.
(2).You played all the while last term. If you had studied hard, you would have made some progress.
(3).I could have seen him yesterday if I had got to the station earlier.
(4).If she had told him about the danger, he wouldn't have got hurt.
3.与将来事实相反：
If条件句主句
(1)过去时
(2).should do sth. would/should/could/might do sth.
(3).were to do sth.
(1).If she should come, I would/should ask her for help.
(2).She won't come tomorrow. If she came, I would show her my new computer.
(3).If it should rain, the crops could be saved.
(4).I'm sure she will never ask me such questions again. If she were to ask me again,
I would refuse to answer her.
注意：如果条件从句中有were,助动词had或should, 可将if省略，而把were,had或should移至主语之前。
(1).Were I a student, I would study harder.
(2).Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
(3).Had he helped me, I would not have failed.
(4).Should he get the letter tomorrrow, she would leave for SH at once.
二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：
It is important/necessary/strange/essential/natural/a shame/no wonder/a pity
that-----{(should)+动词原形}
(1).It is necessary that we (should) write to him again.
(2).It is strange that he should have left without saying good-bye.（竟然）
(3).It is a pity that he should be so proud.（竟然）
三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法：
1.I wish that-------(1).一般过去时(Be-----were): 表示与现在事实相反。
（2）过去完成时（had done sth.): 表示与过去事实相反。
（3）过去将来时（would/could/might do sth.)：表示与将来事实相反。
(1).I wish I could have seen her last night.
(2).I wish he were with us. (3).I wish he would have a try.
(4).I wish you would spend the winter vacation with us.
(5).I wish I could have spoken German that day.
(6).Children wish every day were a New Yea's Day.
(7).How I wish I hadn't made such a mistake.
(8).I wish I had taken their advice.
2.虚拟语气：“一、二、三、四”后面的宾语从句中要用{（should)+动词原形}
“一坚持”：insist; “二命令”：order, command;
"三建议”：advise, suggest, propose;
"四要求”：ask, demand, require, request.
注意：(1).当suggest作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气；作“暗示、表明”解时，用陈述语气。
(2).当insist作“强烈要求，坚决主张”解时，用虚拟语气；作“坚持说”解时，用陈述语气。
(1).He suggested that we (should) make a trip to Huangshan.
(2).His accent suggests that he is from the south .
(3).He insists that he (should) be sent where he is most needed.
(4).He insists that he didn't do that.
(5).I propose that we (should) work out a plan first.
(6).He insisted that he was strong and (should) be sent there.
(7).The headmaster suggested that we (should) make better use of our spare time.
(8).The workers requested that their working conditions (should) be further improved.
3.Would rather +sb.+ (1)一般过去时-------与现在或将来事实相反。或：
+ (2)Had done sth.--------与过去事实相反。
例如：（1）I'd rather you visited us today.
I'd rather you visited us tomorrow.
I'd rather you had visited us yesterday.
(2)-----I'm going to see the Victim's brother.
-----I'd rather you_______. A.do B.do not C.don't D.didn't
四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：
It is (high/about) time + (1).for sth.
+ (2)(for sb.) to do sth.
+ (3)(that)--从句[一般过去时或should do sth.-----这里的should不能省略]
(1).It's time I went home. 或It's time I should go home.
五、虚拟语气在方式状语从句及目的状语从句中的用法：
1.As if = As though---------(1)一般过去时(Be----were) ：表示与现在事实相反。(与主句动作同时）
(2)过去完成时（had done sth.); 表示与过去事实相反。（在主句动作之前）
(3)过去将来时（would/could do sth.)：表示与将来事实相反。（在主句动作之后）
(1).He speaks as if he had really been there.
(2).She looked as if she were ill.
(3).He orders me as if Ii were his wife.
(4).She looks as if she had been ill.
(5).He talks as if he had been abroad before.
(6).She talks about it again as though she would never end.
2.So that------(为了、以便于）= In order that---------【从句中用情态动词
may/might/can/could】
(1).She got up early so that she could catch the train.
(2).He turned the radio up so that everyone could hear the news.
(3).He sat in the front of the classroom so that he could see clealy.
3.should用于由lest, in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句中：“可以、会”.其中lest, for fear that句中的should可以省去。in case句中的should通常不省去，但是in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。
(1)He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.
(2)I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/might) disturb you.（以免打扰你)
(3)Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.(以免发生溢流现象）
(4)She hid her jewelry for fear that it would be stolen.（以防被盗）
六、If only---------= I wish--------------（虚拟形式同wish）：“要是-----就好了”
(1).If only they were here now. (2).If only he had come yesterday.
(3).If only I were as strong as you.
七、含蓄虚拟条件句（不直接出现If条件句，而是通过别的一些词，如：
but,otherwise,without,but for或上下文来暗示一种条件）
(1).Without your help, we would not have made such good progress.
(2).But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded. 或
If it hadn't been for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.
(3)He would have given you more help, but he was so busy.
(4).He was busy that day. Otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
八、错综（混合)时间虚拟条件句(即从句和主句中的时间不一致）：
(1).If you had not watched television so late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy now.
(过去）（现在）
(2).If I were you, I would have taken his advice.
(现在）（过去）
九、其他形式的虚拟语气：
1.Had hoped/intended/meant/planned/wanted/thought/expected/supposed to Have done sth.=
Hoped/intended/meant/planned/wanted---- to have done sth.(本来希望、打算、计划做某事，但却没做成.)
例如：(1)I_______to meet Mr. Thompson this morning, but I found nobody______in the room when I came.
A.hoped, left
B.had hoped, left
C.hoped, leaving
D.had hoped, leaving
(2)She had meant to buy the furniture, but it rained.
(3)I intended to have attended the meeting, but I was ill.
2.Was/were to Have done sth.(本来打算做某事，但却为做成）
例如：He was to have come here yesterday, but he had an important meeting to attend.
3.Would like/love to have done sth. (本来想做某事，但实际上没做成）
例如;I would love to have gone to the cinema that day, but the tickets were all sold out.
4. Was/were going to do sth.(本来打算做某事，但却未做成）
例如： I was going to finish my article but my friend arrived, so I didn't have time
小试牛刀：
1.You can't imagine that a well-bahaved gentleman_____be so rude to a lady.
A.might
B.need
C.should
D.would
2. -----Why didn't you buy the book?
Five basic sentence patterns 五大基本句型 一．五大基本句型： 1. I do. S+V（主语+谓语动词） 2. You are beautiful/handsome. S + V + C（主语+ 动词+ 主语补足语）即“主系表” 3. I love you. S+V+O（主语+ 谓语+ 宾语） 4. You make me happy. S+V+O+C（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语） 5. I will give you a kiss. S+V+O+O（主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+宾语） 二．具体讲解 1. 基本句型一：S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise等 如：学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________ 2. 基本句型二: S十V十C主系表结构 常见的系动词有：①be动词(是)； ②感官动词: look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), ;taste(尝起来), sound(听起来); ③表示状态的: seem(似乎), appear(似乎，好像), keep(保持）, remain(仍是), stay(继续处于...状态)等等。 ④表示转变或结果的: get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得),go(变成), grow(渐渐变得), fall(变得), prove(证明) 1)我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。We should __________ __________ any time. 2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________. 3) 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。Spring comes. It is ______________________________. 4) 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。Don't have the food. _______________________________. 3. 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 1)我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________. 2）这些孩子他们照看得很好。They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．4. 基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 1）昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 2) The old man ___ ______ ____ ________ ________ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事) 注意：这种句型还可转换为：S + V ＋直接宾语“物”＋for/ to sb. + 间接宾语“人” 1)请把你的画给我看一下。 Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.
高中英语五种基本句型详解 句子由主语和谓语两绝大部分组成。主语结构比较单一，谓语结 构则不然，不同类别的谓语动词导致不同的谓语结构，从而形成了不 同的句型(Sentence Pattern)。换句话说，不同的句型是由不同类别 的谓语动词所决定的，所以，句型又被称为动词句型(Verb Pattern)。语法家们对句型的分类不尽相同，一般认为，现代英语的基本句型主 要有五种： 1.“主----系-----表”(SLP)句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词(Linking Verb)，后面跟主语补语(Subject Complement)，如： These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。 Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这 儿/在房间里。 有的语法家把be后面的副词(短语)或介词短语视为状语，从而形 成了“主----动-----状”(SVA)这个在五种基本句型之外的句型(见上 面最后一个例句)。 2.“主----动”(SV)句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词为不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，谓 语部分通常只包括限定动词，即使有状语，也属任意性状语，即：去 掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整，如： This bread won’t keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好(长期)存放。 Tom has left.
前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的，这种状语被称为必具 性状语，从而构成“主----动----状”(SVA)句型，但这仅限于少数几 个动词的某些用法，因而不是一种主要句型，如： They are staying in a hotel. 他们暂住在一家旅馆里。 3.“主----动-----宾”(SVO)句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词 被称为单宾语及物动词(Monotransitive Verb)，如： He kept the money. 他保存着这些钱。 They have left the hotel. 他们已经离开了那家旅馆。 在这种句型中，状语通常也不是必不可少的，但有少数几个及物 动词的某些用法要求必具性状语，从而形成了“主----动-----宾---- -状”(SVOA)这个在五种基本句型之外的另一种句型，如： The train leaves London at nine. 这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。 4.“主----动----间宾-----直宾”(SVOiId)句型： 在这个句型中，谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的 及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词(Ditransitive Verb)，如： He kept me a dictionary. 他为我保存了一本词典。 Shall I leave you the camera? 要我把照相机留给你吗? 5.“主----动----宾----补”(SVOC)句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词为能带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补语)的及物 动词，这类动词叫做复合宾语及物动词(Complex Transitive Verb)，如： She kept a notebook handy. 她手头上随时有个笔记本。
1）五种句型 1.基本句型一： S V （主＋谓） 2.基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表） 3.基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 4.基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5.基本句型五; S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 2）八大时态 一、一般现在时： 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S） 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just n ow, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、现在进行时： 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、过去进行时：
从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词在某一句式中，下面我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类，供大家参考。 一、S(主) + Vi (不及物动词) （谓）Time (s) + flies (Vi) 两天过去了。 冬天快要来了。 受伤的猫死了。 发生了一宗交通事故。 1)S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语) Birds sing beautifully. 他高兴地离开了。 女孩安静地走了进来。 战争和平地结束了。 雨渐渐地停了。 2）S + Vi + Prep phase (介词短语作状语) He went on holiday. 他们会在三点钟到。 那群孩子步行去上学。 3）S + Vi +Infinitive (不定式作状语) We stopped to have a rest. 他起得早是为了读英语。 他希望做医生。 4）S + Vi +Participle (现在分词作状语) I will go swimming. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。 我明天去划船。 昨天他们去逛街。
S（主）+ Vt( 及物动词) （谓）+ Object (宾) ------- We like English. 1）S + Vt + N/ Pron (名词或代词作宾语) I like music. / I like her. 他去年教数学。 我们已收到了他们的来信。2）S + Vt + Infinitive (不定式作宾语) I want to help him. 他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。 他们假装在看书。 我尝试去解决那个问题。 常用于这个句型的动词有：attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, manage, plan, fail, try, agree等。 3) S + Vt + 疑问词+ Infinitive （疑问词加不定式作宾语） I don’t know what to do. 我在想明天去哪里。 你决定要买什么了吗？ 我想知道什么时候出发。 常用于这个句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。 4）S + Vt + Gerund(动名词作宾语) I enjoy living here. 他每天都练习说英语。 李阿姨忍不住笑了。 我期待明天见到你。 常用于这个句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can’t help, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contribution to, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, have trouble/ difficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。
英语五种基本句型详解 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但其实只有五种基本句型。所有英语句子都可以看成是这五种基本句型的扩大、组合、省略或倒装。因此掌握这五大句型，是掌握其他各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语句子依其组合方式可分为以下五种基本句型，句子成分的表示法为： S：Subject（主语）, V：V erb（动词）, O：Object（宾语）, IO : Indirect Object (间接宾语), DO: Direct Object (直接宾语) , P：Predicative（表语）, OC：Object Complement（宾语补足语）。 五种基本句型见下表 种类句型例句 第1种S+V （主语+不及物动词）We work. (不及物) 第2种S+V+O（主语+及物动词+宾语）He plays (及物) the piano 第3种S+V+P （主语+系动词+表语）We are (系动词) students. 第4种S+V+IO+DO （主语+及物动词+间接宾语She gave (及物) me a pen +直接宾语） 第5种S+V+O+OC （主语+及物动词+宾语He made (及物) the boy laugh +宾语补足语） 说明：（S＝主，V＝谓，O＝宾，P＝表，IO＝间宾，DO＝直宾，OC＝宾补 一、第1种句型：S+V（主语+不及物动词）
1、Birds fly. 鸟飞。 主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 2、He runs in the park. 他在公园里跑。 主语＋谓语＋地点状语(不及物动词) 此句型是“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。因为是不及物动词，后面当然不能带宾语了，但是可以有状语来修饰。例如上面例句中的in the park就是地点状语。 3、Class begins.（begin在句中是不及物动词）上课了。 比较：W e begin our class at eight. 我们八点钟开始上课。 该句则属于第2种句型，begin在句中是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 二、第2种句型：S+V+O（主语+及物动词+宾语） My father read the book. 我父亲读过那本书. 主语谓语(及物动词) 宾语 注意： 有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。如： 4、Y ou must listen to me. 你必须听我的。 （Listen是不及物动词。但加上to之后，listen to可以看成一个及物动词。） 可以带宾语的动词是及物动词，可以充当宾语的有名词和名词的相当语（如代词、不定式、动名词及宾语从句）。 如： 5、She likes English. 她喜欢英语。（名词作宾语） 6、I know him very well. 我非常了解他。（代词作宾语） （同第一种句型一样，本句型可以有状语、定语修饰） 7、They want to go. 他们想走。（不定式作宾语） 8、He stopped writing. 他停下笔。（动名词作宾语） 9、The teacher advised that we learn English well. 老师建议我们学好英语。(宾语从句) 三、第3种句型：S+V+P （主语+系动词+表语） 10、He became a scientist. 他成为一个科学家了。
教学目标： 1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型； 2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型； 3.懂得使用不同的句型造句； 教学重点与难点： 1.五种句型的分析与理解； 2.句型4（主+动+宾+补）与句型5（主+动+宾+宾）的掌握与比较； 教学方法： 1.ppt演示； 课堂练习： 一、下列的句子属于哪种类型 1. The sun rises 2. She is walking along the lake. 3. I like this book very much. 4. That man seems kind 5. He bought his sister a piano. 6. She kept us waiting for over three hours. 7. Let me give you a hand. 8. We tried to make her happy. 二、请说出五个句子，并说出属于哪种句型 家庭作业： 1.每个句型各举出3个句子 2.翻译句子
导入主题：我们现在能用英语写简单的作文，也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通，可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗？那这些句型分别是什么？ （让学生自由思考、讨论，引出今天的课题，英语学习中的五种基本句型）1.Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London. 2. Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others. 3. Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet. 4. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 5. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词 有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua？ 【注】S=Subject(主语). V=Verb(谓语动词). P=Predicative(表语). O=Object(宾语).
英语的五大基本句型 同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分，同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。 英语句子成分中,有些具有形态标志。如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“Ｉ”,作宾语用宾格“me”，作定语用所有格“my”。这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。 汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别。例如： Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中，同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略，必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中，同一个主语在句中第二次出现时，就可以省略。如例（１）中，汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”，省去了第二个分句的主语，倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来，说成“小李回家后，他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。 把句子的各个成分搞清楚，也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点，才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意，在分析句子结构时，应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构，划分句子成分无非是为了理解，或者是为了造句。各种语言有各自的规则、各自的习惯，而且语言是很灵活的东西，发展过程也很复杂，很难把语法的现象都做出明确、统一的解释来。在使用一种语言时，语法应让位于习惯。符合习惯的，有时尽管不符合语法，也是正确的。 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓） 基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓＋表） 基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+ｏ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ+Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe,eat, and dri
高中英语五种基本句型详解 一.改错 1.It is important for you to keep yourself have a healthy life. 2.We are go to bed early and get up early too. 3.…because is good for our body. 4.I hope we will more and more healthy. 5.It’s can help you more healthy. 二.五种基本句型 主+谓(S+V He runs. 主+谓+宾(S+V+O People make history. 主+系+表(S+link-V+P Knowledge is power. 主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+O He gave me a book. 主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V+O+C We call her Lily. 基本句型一:SV(主+谓 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当 He runs fast.
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. Who is speaking,please? Skating is good exercise. Whether we'll go depends on the weather. Two-thirds of the workers are women. 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征只有动词才可以充当谓语。 Some children asked for cold drinks. I shall go to see him tomorrow. I must ask her to teach me to swim. I made your birthday cake last night. What does this word mean? I won’t do it again. S│V(不及物动词 1.The sun│rose. 2.Who│cares? 3.What he said│does not matter. 4.They│talked for half an hour. 5.The pen│writes smoothly.
巫不民族学校2013-2014学年度第二学期 八年级英语复习资料2014.6.24 1.in front of在....前面注意区别：in the front of e.g. I was afraid to speak in front of my classmates. 2.ask sb. for sth.向...寻求... ask sb to do sth e.g. have you ever asked your teacher for help? 3.do sth by doing sth.通过（做）...（方式）做... e.g. I learning English by studying grammar. 4.too...to do..太...而不能做... e.g. I’m too tired to do well. 5.watch sb. do sth.看...做过了... e.g. I can watch the actors say the words. 6.see sb. doing sth.看见...正在做.... see sb do sth 看见...做过了.... e.g. Today after school I saw my mother cooking in kitchen. 7.get excited变得兴奋、激动 e.g. When we excited about something and then end up runing. 8.end up doing sth结束（做）.... e.g. I spend two days ending up doing work. 9.finish doing sth. 完成（做）... e.g. I spend a lot of time finishing my homework. 10.end up with 以....为结束（告终） e.g. The dream ends up with the voice of alarm. 11.make mistakes in sth.在...（上）犯错 e.g. I often make mistakes in study. 12.be afraid to do sth害怕做.... e.g. The man who is not afraid to fail can be successful. 13.be afraid that +句子害怕... e.g. I’m afraid that he won’t come back tomorrow. 14.challenge sb. to 跟....挑战做.... 15.....one of ....之一 e.g. Studying grammar is one of the best ways to learn English. 16.make up of ...由...构成... e.g. The English words made up of twenty-six letters. 17.impress sb with sth 给...留下印象 e.g. I impressed my teacher with my honesty. 19.deal with 处理、应付 e.g. How do you deal with your problems in life ？ 20.have an influence on/in 对...有影响 e.g. The weather will have a bad influence on the local people. 21.regard...as..把...视、看作... e.g. I usually regard problems as challenges. https://www.doczj.com/doc/f88640053.html,ed to do过去常常做....(现在不做了) e.g. I used to be afraid of the dog. 23.be use to doing =get used to doing 习惯于做.... e.g. I’m used to reading books. 24.be used to do ...被用于做... 25.be used for doing被用于做.... e.g. A pen is used to write. e.g. A pen is used for writing. 26.sth be used by sb. ....被....使用 e.g. My motorbike is used by my brother. 27.be afraid of 害怕.... e.g. I can’t be afraid of swimming. 28.be sure of 对...有把握 e.g. I’m sure of becoming a English teacher. 29.be sure to do 肯定能做.... e.g. I’m sure to change my life. 30.be sure that+句子确信、肯定.. e.g. I am sure that he will make mistakes in study. 31.be interested in对...感兴趣interesting修饰物品 e.g. He is interested in the history book. 32.be terrified of害怕... e.g. Everyone is terrified of death. 33.be afraid to do =be afraid of doing 害怕做..... e.g. He is afraid to stay at home alone. e.g. He is afraid of staying at home alone. 34.spend time in doing sth花费时间、金钱做.... 35.spend time on sth花费时间、金钱在....上 e.g. I usually spend much time on study, but I still can not study well. e.g. She often spend much time in doing her homework. 36.not...any more..不再... e.g. Jim isn’t mad at me anynore. 37.in the last few years在过去的几年里（常用于现在完成时） e.g. Have you ever been changed in the last few years? 38.worry about =be worried about 担心、忧... e.g. Will you be worried about me? 39.make sb do sth让...做... 40.It’s much more difficult to do ....做....困难得多 e.g. It’s much more difficult to study grammar.
英语五种简单句（一） S(主) + Vi (不及物动词) （谓） eg.Time (s) + flies (Vi) 两天过去了。 冬天快要来了。 受伤的猫死了。 发生了一起交通事故。 1)S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语) eg.Birds sing beautifully. 他高兴地离开了。 女孩安静地走了进来。 战争和平地结束了。 雨渐渐地停了。 2）S + Vi + Prep phase (介词短语作状语) eg.He went on holiday. 他们会在三点钟到。 那群孩子步行去上学。 3）S + Vi +Infinitive (不定式作状语) eg.We stopped to have a rest. 他起得早是为了读英语。 他希望做医生。 4）S + Vi +Participle (现在分词作状语) eg.I will go swimming. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。 我明天去划船。 昨天他们去逛街。 英语五种简单句（二） S（主）+ Vt( 及物动词) （谓）+ Object (宾) eg.We like English. 1）S + Vt + N/ Pron (名词或代词作宾语) eg.I like music. / I like her. 他去年教数学。 我们已收到了他们的来信。 2）S + Vt + Infinitive (不定式作宾语) eg. I want to help him. 他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。
他们假装在看书。 我尝试去解决那个问题。 常用于这个句型的动词有：attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, want, manage, plan, fail, try, agree等。 3) S + Vt + 疑问词+ Infinitive （疑问词加不定式作宾语）eg.I don’t know what to do. 我在想明天去哪里。 你决定要买什么了吗？ 我想知道什么时候出发。 常用于这个句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。 4）S + Vt + Gerund(动名词作宾语) eg. I enjoy living here. 他每天都练习说英语。 李阿姨忍不住笑了。 我期待明天见到你。 常用于这个句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, can’t help, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contribution to, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, have trouble/ difficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。 英语五种简单句（三） S（主）+ Lv (系动词) + P (表) 【谓语】 eg.We are Chinese. 除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词： 1)表感官的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, 等 2)表变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, come等
高中英语五种基本句型 一．改错 1.It is important for you to keep yourself have a healthy life. 2.We are go to bed early and get up early too. 3.… because is good for our body. 4.I hope we will more and more healthy. 5.It’s can help you more healthy. 二．五种基本句型 主+谓(Ｓ+V )Heruns. 主+谓+宾(S+V+O)Peoplemake history. 主+系+表(S+link-V+P)Knowledge is power. 主+谓+间宾+直宾(S+V+IO+O)He gave me a book. 主+谓+宾+宾补(S+V+O+C)We call her Lily. 基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓) 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当 He runs fast. To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. Who is speaking, please? Skating is good exercise. Whether we'll go depends on the weather.
Two-thirds of the workers are women. 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征只有动词才可以充当谓语。 Some children asked for cold drinks. I shall go to see him tomorrow. I must ask her to teach me to swim. I made your birthday cake last night. What does this word mean? I won’t do it again. Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词) 1. The sun│rose. 2. Who│cares? 3. What he said│does not matter. 4. Th ey│talked for half an hour. 5. The pen│writes smoothly. 共同特点:谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 巩固练习： 1．她昨天回家很晚。 _______________________________________________________2．会议将持续两个小时。___________________________________________________3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。 _________________________________________________________________ _________
五种基本句型 句子就是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成得,依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型,如下表所示： 注意句子成分得表示法Ｓ:Ｓｕbject(主语) V:Verｂ(动词)O: Ｏbjｅct（宾语) P：Ｐrｅdiｃａtive(表语) OＣ: Oｂｊeｃｔplement(宾语补足语) 五种基本句型见下表： 第１种S+V主＋谓 第2种S+V+Ｏ主+谓+宾 第３种Ｓ+V＋P 主+谓+表 第 4 种S+V+o(间接宾语)＋Ｏ（直接宾语） 第 5 种S+Ｖ＋O＋OC 主+谓＋宾+宾补 第 1 种句型:主语+不及物动词:S+Ｖ?Ｂirｄs fly、鸟飞、--－-- －-主语谓语（不及物动词) Ｈｅrｕns in ｔｈe park、她在公园里跑、----－- -－－－---－--－--主语谓语地点状语(不及物动词)? 此句型就是主语＋不及物动词构成句子得主体部分。不及物动词,后面当然不能直接带宾语了，要补上相应得介词,但就是可以有状语来修饰。上例中得iｎｔｈe ｐark,就是地点状语。 Ｃlass begins、(bｅgin 在句中就是不及物动词) 开始上课。 比较ｗe ｂegiｎOｕｒcｌaｓs at eｉｇht、我们八点钟开始上课。该句属于第 2 种句型,bｅgｉn 在句中就是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 第 2 种句型:主语＋及物动词+宾语:S+V＋O My fatｈｅｒreaｄtｈｅｂooｋ、 我父亲读过那本书、?(及物动词)?注意有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它瞧成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。Ｙou mｕst ｌｉｓten ｔｏmｅ、您必须听我得。(Liｓtｅn 就是不及物动词。但加上ｔo 之后,Ｌistｅn ｔｏ可以瞧成一个及物动词) 后面直接带宾语得动词就是及物动词，名词与名词得相当语(如代词、不定式、动名词……)等都可充当宾语。Ｓｈeｌikｅs Engｌisｈ、（名词作宾语） I knｏｗhim vｅrｙwell、(代词作宾语) (同第一种句型一样,本句型可以有状语、定语修饰）Thｅｙwant ｔo gｏ、(不定式作宾语） Hｅstopｐeｄwｒiting、(动名词作宾语) ?第3 种句型:主语＋系动词+表语:S+Ｖ+P Ｈe ｂｅcａme a ｓｃienｔisｔ、她成为一个科学家了?谓语(系动词) be 动词与ｂee 就是英语中常见得系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“…… 就是……”,“……变成……”等意思。 表语通常就是名词或形容词等。Tｈｅy are honｅst、她们就是诚实得。 Hｅｂecameａsｃiｅntisｔ、她成为了一个科学家。 His face goes reｄ、她得脸变红了。Ｉt grew dark、天变黑了。 注意在英语中,除了bｅ动词与bee 属于系动词外，还有一些实义动词,当表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这些词有:keeｐ、lｏok 、